2022年中考英语复习-英语5大基本句型课件（共有PPT55张）

(共54张PPT)
英语5大
基本句型
BASIC PATTERNS OF
ENGLISH SENTENCES
ALAN
温馨提示
请准备好你的笔记本、双色笔；
极度的学习激情!
世界属于充满活力的人
The World Belongs To The Energetic.
Be able to analysis the
members and patterns
of a sentence.
Learning Objectives
名词性从句
形容词性从句
副词性从句
同位语从句
宾语从句
主语从句
表语从句
定语从句
状语从句
预备知识
Subject主语
Predicate谓语
Object
宾语
Predicative
表语
Full Verb
实义／行为
动词
Link Verb
连系动词
还 “简单句”呢----分不清了耶!!! 郁闷死!
休要担心，少要害怕，你们有ALAN , 怕个Q呀！
简单句（Simple Sentences）
就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子
----它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊!
英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了!----呵呵,就像俺这样。
句子成分
members of a sentence
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
英语句子的基本成分有8种：
　　主语 (subject)
谓语 (predicate)
宾语 (object)
定语 (attribute)
状语 (adverbial)
补语 (complement)
表语 (predicative)
同位语 (Appositive)
Subject 主语
主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______ 。
1.Lucy likes her new bike.
2.We work hard.
3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.
4.Playing football after school is great fun.
句首
1. We love China.
2. We have finished reading this book.
3. He can speak English.
4. She seems tired.
谓语 predicate
谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由
______ 充当。动词常分为实义动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词。
动词
△情态动词(Modal verb)和助动词(Auxiliary verb)不能单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
They can speak English well.
They are playing over there.
1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词. He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay.
He always kept silent at meeting.
系动词(Link Verb)
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词，主要有look,feel, smell, sound, taste.
This flower smells very sweet.
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come.
He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out.
The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.
三、宾语
宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面。
1.We study English.
2.Our teacher said that he would go there.
3.He is looking at the dog.
△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.
及物动词
介词
表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份，特征，状态。
The trees turn green.
The flower is beautiful .
四、表语
定语：用来修饰_____。
This is a red car.
The building is their teaching building.
The woman doctor is my wife.
I have something to tell you.
The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li.
Every student has an English book.
五、定语
名词
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
六、状语
John often came to chat with me．
( )
As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
( )
She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( )
My father worked in this school ten years ago.
( )
Though he is young, he knows a lot.( )
He came running.( )
程度，目的
地点，伴随
地点，时间
让步
方式
原因
补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。
七、补语
Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补）
He is called Jack.（主补）
同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明
The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
八、同位语
一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1. The sun rises in the east. （ ）
2. He likes dancing. （ ）
3. Two will be enough.( )
4. Seeing is believing. （ ）
6. To see is to believe. （ ）
7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )
8. What he needs is a book. （ ）
9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（ 　 ）
名词
代词
数词
动名词
不定式
疑问词+不定式
从句
It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗 你懂得翻译下列句子吗？
1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( )
2) It is no use arguing about it. ( )
3) It is uncertain who will come. ( )
说谎是错误的。
争吵是没用的。
谁要来还不确定。
二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：
He is a teacher. ( )
My idea is this.( )
She was the first to arrive.( )
I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( )
He is out of danger.( )
The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )
What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )
名词
代词
数词
从句
形容词/副词
介词短语
分词
二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1.She lived a happy life.( )
2.I love you.( )
3.We need two.( )
4.Do you mind my opening the door ( )
5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )
6.He did not know what to say.( )
7.Did you write down what she said ( )
8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.
( )
名词
代词
数词
动名词
不定式
疑问词+不定式
从句
It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语
三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：
It’s a red car.( )
They live in the room above.( )
My brother is a teacher.( )
We belong to the third world.( )
Lucy’s father is a poor worker.( )
Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )
The man under the tree is my teacher.( )
The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )
形容词
副词
代词
数词
名词所有格
名词
介词短语
现在分词
三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：
I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( )
There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）
Will you tell us about your teaching plan （ ）
This is the very book that I need. （ ）
过去分词
不定式
动名词
从句
四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：
He is often late for class.( )
We saw that picture at the cinema.( )
He sat there smoking.( )
They returned tired and hungry. （ ）
They did everything they could to save the boy’s life. （ ）
Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )
The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it. ( )
副词，程度
介词短语，地点
分词，伴随
不定式，目的
形容词，状态
让步状语从句
结果状语从句
四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）
He was angry because we were late．( ）
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go out.( )
时间状语从句
原因状语从句
条件状语从句
五、宾语补足语：
I consider Jim a good friend.( )
I always find her happy.( )
People praised him as a hero.( )
I had the TV fixed.( )
I saw him entering the building.( )
What made you think so ( )
Do you want me to go ( )
形容词
名词
介词短语
过去分词
现在分词
省略掉to的不定式
不定式
英语句子的种类
简单句 (simple sentence)
并列句 (compound sentence)
复合句 (complex sentence)
　简单句的
五种基本句型
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
基本句型二：Ｓ +Ｖi （主＋谓）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖt +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖt +IO +DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖt +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一 主谓 （S + V）
S + V
She cooks.
He is working.
What he said does not matter.
The pen writes smoothly.
S V
She cooks.
He is working.
What he said does not matter.
The pen writes smoothly.
基本句型二 主系表
S+V+P
He is happy.
Every thing looks nice.
His face turned red.
S V P
He is happy.
Everything looks nice.
His face turned red.
基本句型三 主谓宾
S+V+O
We study English everyday.
They are playing football.
He enjoys reading.
She said “Good morning.”
S V O
We They He She study are playing enjoys said English everyday.
football.
reading.
“Good morning.”
基本句型四
SV（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）
I give him a book.
My mother bought me a pen yesterday.
I showed him my picture.
S V（及物） O O
I give him a book.
My mother bought me a pen.
I showed him my picture.
基本句型五
S+V（及物）+O (宾语)+C（宾补）
We must keep the door open.
The news makes me happy.
We call him Jim.
He told me to wash the plates.
I saw a thief going into your room.
S V（及物） O (宾语) C（宾补）
We must keep the door open.
The news makes me happy.
We call him Jim.
He told me to wash the plates.
I saw a thief going into your room.
按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：
简单句， 并列句，复合句
e.g. 1) The teacher’s name is Smith.
2) The teacher’s name is Smith and the
student’s name is John.
3) He is Smith who likes going hiking.
4) He is Smith and he likes going hiking.
5) Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
6) I saw him when I walked past the street.
7) He often gets up early because he wants
to catch the early bus.
简单句
并列句
复合句
并列句
并列句
复合句
复合句
翻译练习：
春天时公园看起来很漂亮。
The park looks beautiful in spring.
老师答应过和我们去看电影。
Our teacher promised to see the movie with us.
昨天我送了生日礼物给她。
I sent a birthday gift to her yesterday.
我们必须保证教室整洁。
We must keep the classroom clean.
男孩发现他的笔在地上。
The boy found his pen on the floor.
基本句型的扩展:
e.g. We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了老师和学生。
We found the great hall full of students and
teachers who were listening to an important report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers who were listening to an important report
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位记者作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。
made by a reporter from the People's Daily about current affairs in East Europe.
_________________
翻译：我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。
？？？分析结构：
我们 发现（谓语） 大 礼堂
full of 学生和老师（复数）
who 在听（谓语）重要 报告
made by 一位同志 from 人民日报
about 目前局势 in 东欧。
We found the great hall
full of students and teachers
who were listening to an important report
made by a reporter from the People's Daily
about current affairs in East Europe.
总结：遇到长句子的翻译不着急，动笔前，仔细阅读原句，确切理解原句内容，抓住中心，搞清楚各部分之间关系，把句子缩小再缩小，缩小到只剩下五个基本句型中的主要成分，先心译，再笔译，心译过程中，要有句子时态规划，名词单复数等盘算，然后再一步步扩大句子，添加修饰成分，直至完整，再笔译。这种方法叫做孙悟空变金箍棒的方法：缩小缩小再缩小，放大放大再放大。
练习翻译：王国平从北京大学毕业之前，他给在北京一家医院工作的爸爸写了一封信，问他是否愿意让他出国。
？？？分析结构：
before 他graduate from 北京大学，
王国平 写了（谓语）一封信
to 爸爸，
who 在医院工作 in 北京，
asking （非谓语）他是否愿意让他出国
Before he graduated from Beijing University,
Wang Guoping wrore a letter
to his father,
who works at a hospital in Beijing,
asking if he would like him to go abroad.
练习翻译：就在我们毕业于北京大学之前，罗校长为我们做了一次演讲，要求我们到偏远山区去工作。
？？？分析结构：
before 我们graduate from 北京大学，
罗校长 做了（谓语）一次演讲
for 我们，
requiring（非谓语）我们to 工作 in 偏远山区。
Before we graduated from Beijing University,
principal Luo made a speech
for us,
requiring us to go to work in distant mountainous areas.
练习翻译：After the meeting all the students wrote to their parents who works in the big cities, asking if they agree that they choose to work in the distant mountainous areas.
会后，所有学生们都给
在大城市工作的父母
写了一封信，
问他们是否同意
他们选择去偏远山区工作。
练习翻译：Three years later, most students wrote a letter to principal Luo who works at a hospital in Germany, saying that they were willing to continue working in the distant mountainous areas and asking principal Luo to come back to have a visit if it is convenient.
三年后，大多数的学生给
在德国一家医院工作的罗校长
写了一封信
说他们愿意继续在偏远山区工作
并邀请罗校长如果有空就回国来看看。