2021年中考英语知识点-名词（讲解及练习，无答案）

中考名词讲解及练习
名词：表示人/ 动物 /地点/物品及抽象概念的词。
人 动物 地点 物品 抽象概念
Jim cat park pen peace
boy bird classroom kite hope
doctor animal hotel chair courage
一．名词的分类： 名词根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词--表示特定的人或事物的词。首字母一般要大写，如China, Tom, Beijing, the UK, 等。
人名 John Snow White
星期/月份/节日 Sunday February the Spring Festival
国家/城市 China Paris
建筑/街道 the Great Wall Downing Street
* 专有名词一般属于不可数名词
普通名词-表示一类人或东西，或一个抽象概念的名词，分为（个体名词/集体名词/物质名词和抽象名词）
个体名词--单个的人/物/事等。如sock，car, book, person, etc.
集体名词-有集合/团体含义的词，如family, class, people, etc
物质名词--无法判断个体的事物，如rice, water, bread, etc.
抽象名词--表现动作/状态/品质/感情等概念，如work, health, interest, etc.
*物质名词和抽象名词一般属于不可数名词。
二．名词的数---可数名词和不可数名词。
1. 可数名词-可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词。
名词单数变复数的规则：
一般情况词尾+s 如boy--boys ; apple--apples; car--cars
以s/x/ch/sh结尾的单词 词尾+es， 如box---boxes; class--classes
以o结尾的单词，有生命的+es, 无生命的+s， 如potato/tomato/hero都是有生命的，变复数＋es； photo/piano/radio/zoo等都是无生命的变复数+s。
以辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i+es, 如country--countries; city--cities; baby--babies等。
以f或fe结尾的词，改f为v+es， 如knife--knives; wife--wives 等
不规则变化：
man--men; woman--women; tooth--teeth; foot--feet; mouse--mice;
某国人的单复数变化，“中日不变，英法变，其他S加后面”。Chinese, Japanese 单复数同形；Englishman、Frenchman 变复数时把字母a变为e.
man/ woman 组成的合成词，变复数时两个名词都要变复数，如：
a woman teacher---women teachers; a man doctor--men doctors
但，girl/boy 组成的复合名词变复数时只中心词变复数，如girl student--girl students单复数同形 fish/sheep/ deer等；
（4）fish作鱼肉讲是不可数；作鱼讲时，复数还是fish 表示同一种类的鱼；复数为fishes则表示不同种类的鱼。
注意 clothes/ trousers/ jeans/ glasses等由两部分构成的东西，在使用时只有复数形式。若要表示具体数目，要借助量词pair。如 a pair of glasses---two pairs of glasses
有些名词虽看起来像复数，实际为单数，作主语时位于要用单数形式。如news, maths, physics, 等。
有些名词表示不同意思时，数的情况不同，如
time作时间讲是不可数；作次数讲则是可数，复数为times
food/drink 一般情况是不可数，但抢到种类时则是可数：
不可数名词--无法用数字一个一个数出来的名词，没有单复数之分，在句子中一般被视为单数。
表示数量时要借助数词和量词。如 a glass of water--two glasses of water, a cup of tea--three cups of tea; a piece of bread--some pieces of bread
* some/ plenty of / a lot of / lots of 即可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
名词的所有格-表示所有关系
两种形式： 一是在名词后面+’s（多用于构成表示有生命的名词的所有格） ； 另一种是介词of+名词的形式（多用于构成表示无生命的所有格）。
the boy’s toy Children’s Day Tom’s and Jack’s room Tom and Jack’s room
the name of this book the legs of the table
特殊用法
在表时间/距离/全体/国家/城市等的无生命的事物的所有关系时，用’s的形式： two week’s time 200 meter’s distance the family’s decision China’s future at death’s door
当表示有生命事物的名词本身有短语或从句作定语时用of形式的所有格。
What’s the name of the girl standing under the tree
3）双重所有格--of + ‘s 的结构叫双重所有格。双重所有格修饰的名词通常和不定冠词a/an 和some/any/ several 等表示数量的词连用，表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”。 a book of my father’s some bags of these climbers’
真题练习-1
______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are______.
A number of ; women teachers B. A number of ; woman teachers
The number of ; women teachers D. The number of ; woman teachers
----The last bus has left. What should we do
-----Let’s take a taxi. We have no other_____now.
choice B. reason C. habit
Upstairs are ___ bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But___are in a mess.
Lily’s and Lucy’s; our B. Lily’s and Lucy’s; ours
C.Lily’s and Lucy; ours D. Lily and Lucy’s; ours
You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your ____.
shyness B. politeness C. quietness
----Look, the boss is very angry with Alex.
----Well, he came late again. But that’s no ____to shout at him.
A.problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason
---What else do we need to make cold beef
----_______.
Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts C. Two spoons of salt
---_______ is coming. What can I get for my mother
---- What about a scarf
Women’s Day B. Woman’s Day C. Womens’ Day
Tim got four ____ from his parents on Children’s Day.
toy B. toys C. toies
The New Silk Road will offer a good _____for more nations to communicate.
chance B. habit C. price D. change
Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in ______.
two days’ time B. two-days time C. two day’s time D. two days time
----Are there any ____on the farm ---Yes, there are some.
horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
---What can I do for you, sir ----I’d like two_____.
bottle of orange juice B. bottle of oranges juice
C.bottles of orange juice D. bottles of oranges juice
----Would you like___ -----No, thanks. I’m not thirsty.
some bread B. some juice C. any juice D. any bread
There are three _____in my family.
people B. person C. peoples D. child
There are three ___ in my pencil box.
knife B. knives C. knifes
Jack is now in ______.
the three grade B. the three Grade C. Grade Three D. Grade Third
There are few _____ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbage.
vegetables B. fruit C. meat D. eggs
How wonderful! The ____ is made of _____.
house; glass B. house; glasses C. houses; glass D. houses; glasses
There are twelve _____in a year.
month B. monthes C. months D. the month
There are some ___ and ____ in these ______.
tomatos ; potatos; photos B. tomatoes; potatoes; photoes
C.tomatoes ; potatoes; photos D.tomatos ; potatos; photoes
Give me three ______, please.
glass of milk B. glass of milks C. glasses of milk D. glasses of milks
I want to make ______ with you.
a friend B. friend C. friends D. the friend
The two cities have reached an _________ to develop science and technology.
education B.excitement C. agreement D. invention
As a driver, you should have a good _______ of direction.
idea B.feeling C. sense D. way
In her letter, Aunt Huang told us many _____ about her visit to Egypt.
A. news B. stories C. information D. truth
26. It's over _______ from Shanghai to Nanjing.
A. three hours' drive B. three hour's drive
C. three hours drives D. three hours drive
练习-2
1. We can get more ________ about the international affairs on the Internet than before.
A. information B. book C. report D. progress
2. If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you ______.
A. a piece advice B. an advice C. some advice D. some advices
3. Bret, an old friend of _______ , has decided to give up drinking because he is a driver now.
A. my father B. my fathers C. my father's D. my fathers'
4. — Could you tell me when _______ is — Yes, it's on the third Sunday in June.
A. Mother's Day B. Father's Day
C. Tree Planting Day D. Thanksgiving Day
5. _______ tourists will come to visit Shanghais during World Expo 2010.
A. Much B. Quite a lot
C. A great deal of D. A great number of
6. All the _______ teachers and _______ students are having an important meeting now.
A. women; girl B. woman; girl C. women; girls D. woman; girls
7. The wind, together with the rain and fog, _______ making sailing difficult.
A. have been B. was C. / D. are
8. The singer and dancer _______ our party this evening.
A. was going to be in B. are going to be in
C. were going to be in D. is going to be in
9. _______ fun it is to surf on a windy day!
A. How a B. What a C. What D. How
10. I'll give you _______ to finish the work.
A. two-weeks time B. two weeks' time
C. two week time D. two weeks time
11. David talked with a friend of _______ on the Internet for a long time yesterday.
A. he B. his C. him D. himself
12. _______ people can afford to buy the house because the price of it is too high.
A. Little B. A little C. Few D. A few
13. _______ progress he has made since he came to our class!
A. How much B. How great a C. What great D. What a great
14. The news _______ for my mother.
A. are B. were C. be D. is
15. Your shoes are worn out. You'd better buy a new _______.
A. one B. shoes C. pair D. shoe
练习--3
1. I must go to the supermarket now. There are few _______ here.
A. rice B. milk C. meat D. eggs
2. There _______ some old people taking a walk in the park.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
3. _______ useful work they have done!
A. What B. How C. What a D. What an
4. We got _______ from his lecture yesterday.
A. some useful informations B. a useful informations
C. some useful information D. useful informations
5. The students can learn_______ news in their school newspaper.
A. quite many B. plenty of C. a few D. a number of
6. The man over there is _______.
A. John and Mary father B. John's and Mary's father
C. John's and Mary father D. John and Mary's father
7. When you write to him, please _______ him.
A. give my loves to B. give my regard to
C. remember me to D. give my wishes for
8. When she came into Bob's room, she claimed, “What _______!”
A. a mess B. mess C. a messy D. messy
9. — How many _______ are there near the house — None.
A. duck B. chicken C. sheep D. horse
10. Physics, as well as English, _______ important in middle schools.
A. were very B. is great C. are great D. is very
11. When autumn comes, the _______ the trees turn yellow.
A. leaf on B. leaves on C. leaf in D. leaves in
12. People waste _______ electricity and water every day.
A. a large number of B. a huge amount of C. many D. quite a lot
13. They are those _______ bags. Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor’s D. visitors’
14. — What would you like to drink, girls —_______, please.
A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees
C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees
15. There are three _______ assistants in that _______ shop.
A. women; shoe B. woman; shoe
C. woman; shoes D. women; shoes
plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms
16. Oh dear! The _______ look the same! (baby)
17. Many people lost their _______ in the earthquake last year. (life)
18. My mother often buys _______ because she likes eating them very much. (tomato)
19. Though France is far away from China, the young people in China are familiar with some of the famous _______ names. (design)
20. A hot _______ started between the man and the woman. (argue)
21. Some children can cover the whole _______ of the pool without coming up for breath even once. (long)
22. If you run after two _______, you will catch neither. (mouse)
23. Beth used to be a shy girl but now she can make a _______ in English. (speak)
24. The _______ he took in Beijing attracts his family. (photo)
25. The young woman works as a _______ in a five-star hotel. (wait)