Unit4 Natural disasters sectionⅡ
【基础训练】
单词拼写
1. That mistake （毁坏）his chances of getting the job.
2.Prices have gone up 61 (百分之)
3. He squeezed into a （裂缝）between two rocks.
4. Frank put a lot of （精力）into the work.
5.We need to find cleaner ways of generating （电能）.
6. Buildings at old times were made of wood and b .
7. The frame of an spaceship is made of light but strong m .
8. You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the c .
9.The country conducted an attempt to r the steel industry.
10. People are concerned about the quality of the air they b .
单句语法填空
1. I (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
2. An average (electricity) bill might go up $2 or $3 per month.
3 . Many students were (trap) by smoke and fire on an upper floor.
4.Latest reports say that no life was found in those (bury) villages by mud slides.
5.1 became out of (breathe) and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
6.Alex rose to his feet with a single (effort) movement.
7. Health (wise) in the UK differs from that of the United States.
8. Six months after (suffer) our defeat, we won our first game.
9.His music (unify) traditional and modem themes.
10 . There has been a (revive) of interest in Picasso's work.
单句写作
1.听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。
It sounds have made a dreadful mistake.
2.她还活着，但处于震惊屮并遭受了严重的头伤。
She was alive, but and suffering a serious head wound.
3.地震之后，这座美丽的城市沦为了一片废墟。
After the earthquake, the beautiful city was .
4.这是该地区不到两个月内的第二次空难了。
It was the second air disaster in the region two months.
5.当你失业时，健身有助于你保持积极的心态。
When you're unemployed, working out will .
【综合训练】
完形填空
One day when I was 13, my family was working in the fields to clear away old brush when somehow the electric fence sparked and 1 a fire. We didn't see the fire 2 it had blocked the way to the only gate. I 3 to jump over the fence to safety but the fire was all around us. I could only watch in 4 as the flames continued to rise. Little did I know that my father had once been a（n） 5 and knew what to do. 6 only a pump sprayer , buckets，and his boots, he 7 down to the nearby pool, filled the buckets and the sprayer, and began spraying the 8 while my older brother threw water with the buckets. Soon the wind9 ， however, and with the Fire Department too far away to arrive in time, my father began to put out the flames as he moved to the 10 , so that my family was able to move little by little toward the gate.11 he arrived at the gate, he jumped into the truck, rolled up the windows, and drove12 the fire. Then the fire was put out, and my mother was looking at my father with her13 eyes.
After that, my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter, and my brother and I became 14 , asking him what other jobs he had done before he 15 . Well, it turned out that he had done just about 16 except as a brain doctor!
He had even built B2 planes before being injured in an accident that had 17 him to retire. My father has a blood problem as a result of that 18 , but that hasn't stopped him from being a full-time electrician.
To all those people whose fathers have worked in the military and in other dangerous jobs, be 19 of them, and remember that some day their 20 might save your life.
1 . A.prevented B.permitted
C .witnessed D.started
2.A.because B. unless
C. after D. until
3. A.wanted B. managed
C. promised D. happened
4．A.anger B．horror
C．excitement D．Embarrassment
5．A.carpenter B．electrician
C．firefighter D．Educator
6. A.With B.About
C. At D. Including
7.A.slid B. fell
C. rushed D. walked
8．A.trees B.grass
C．flames D．Flowers
9.A.died off B.took on
C.turned out D. picked up
10.A. fence B.truck
C.furniture D. bucket
11．A.If B．Once
C．Since D．While
12．A.through B．along
C．over D．across
13. A.high B. wide
C. fast D. far
14.A.curious B. suspicious
C. concerned D. anxious
15．A.moved B．resigned
C．retired D．Suffered
16. A.everything B. nothing
C. something D. anything
17. A.allowed B.encouraged
C. invited D. forced
18 . A. fire B.accident
C.attempt D. explanation
19．A.afraid B．proud
C．careful D．Ashamed
20．A.culture B．learning
C．skills D．languages
阅读理解
A
When an earthquake hit a small town, many houses fell down.After the earthquake, all the newspapers reported many stories about who were in trouble.
One Sunday, when I was reading a newspaper, a special picture touched me. It gave the clothing sizes of each family member. I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves. I said to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan, "We have so much, and these poor people now have nothing. We’ll share what we have with them.”
I filled a box with foods and clothes. While I was doing this, I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together. Then she walked away. A few minutes later she came back with Lucy, her much-loved doll. She put the doll on top of the other toys. "Oh, dear, ” I said. "You don't have to give Lucy. You love her so much." Meghan said, “Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she'll make another little girl happy, too."
I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a lesson. It’s easy to give something that we don't want any more, but hard to give what we cherish, isn't it
1 . The writer has children.
A. one B. two
C. three D.four
2. The underlined word "donate" in Paragraph 3 probably can be replaced by .
A. give B. exchange
C. show D. send
3. What can we learn from the passage
A. An earthquake happened in the writer's hometown.
B.The writer let Meghan give her much-loved doll.
C. The writer decided to buy some clothes for those people in trouble.
D.The writer thinks it is more difficult to give what we love a lot.
4.What’s the best title of this passage
A.A Family Story
B.The Spirit of Giving
C.The Way of Helping Others
D.A Sad Experience
B
On 26th January, the biggest earthquake in India took the lives of 25,000 people. In the morning, when everybody was enjoying the holiday, the earthquake began. It was about 7.5 on the Richter scale. a There is nothing left between the sky and the earth any more. Everything has been pulled down, ” said one of the villagers alive. "There is no water, no food and no one has come to help.”
Nobody died in Pakistan, a country next to India. The city of Lahore was lucky. In Lahore American School, where I was studying, all of the students were safe. They were on the field, so most children didn't feel anything. The earthquake was felt by the teachers that were on the second floor. However, though Mrs Young was also on the second floor, she didn't feel anything. She didn't know what happened until a teacher told her about it. Those teachers who were on the other floors had different feelings. Mr Emond,the maths teacher from Australia, said that when the earthquake started he thought there was something wrong with him, but then another teacher said that it was an earthquake. Mrs Davis and Mr Frost didn't feel anything either.
My mother didn't feel anything. She didn't even know that it was an earthquake till she saw a shaking light. My dad saw the computer shaking and then he looked out of the window and saw many people going out.
5. The biggest earthquake in India happened on the of January 26th.
A.night B. afternoon
C. noon D. morning
6.People use "Ricther scale" to tell .
A.where the earthquake takes place
B.how serious the earthquake is
C.when the earthquake takes place
D.how long the earthquake lasts
7.We learn that from the sentence "There is nothing left between the sky and the earth any more."
A. India is a large country
B.the Indian people had nothing after the earthquake
C. there are no tall buildings in India
D.the earthquake in India was serious
8.What can we learn from the passage
A. Mr Emond didn't feel anything about the earthquake.
B.Lahore is a city in Pakistan.
C.Teachers on the second floor felt the earthquake.
D.The author's father didn't feel the earthquake.
C
If the crust （外壳）of the earth were not pretty solid，it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently.However, there are places in the rocks of the earth's crust where it isn't strongly held together—where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force.The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!
The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property damage amounted to about $425,000,000. The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.
One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal in 1755. The city was destroyed and at lest thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventy-five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.
Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.
9.The underlined word "vibration" in the first paragraph probably means .
A.shaking B. force
C. energy D. losing
10.Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened
①the San Francisco earthquake
②the earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal
③the earthquake in Calabria and Sicily
④the earthquake in central Italy
⑤the earthquake in Gansu Province
⑥the Tokyo quake
A.③④⑤⑥②① B.⑤⑥②①③④
C.②①③④⑤⑥ D.①③④②⑤⑥
11.According to the passage, the earthquake that killed the most people happened in .
A. Portugal B. Italy
C. Japan D. China
12.We can infer from the passage that .
A.the earth's crust in Europe is weaker than that in other places
B.the fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake did
C.there were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquake
D.the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake
语法填空
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer runoff. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) its citizens u offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide, ” says the bank's Juergen Vbegele.
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
The event that stands out in Tom's memory happened one morning when Tom was only ten years old. He was at home with his elder sister Jane. Tom was doing his homework when he heard raised voices. At first he thought nothing of it since customers in the motorcycle shop directly below their flat often became loud, but he soon realized this time it was different.
"Quick! Quick! Remove the motorcycles from the shop." someone yelled.
Then a thick burning smell filled the air. When Tom opened the front door of their flat to investigate, a thick cloud of smoke greeted him. The motorcycle shop had caught fire and people were running and crying.
Jane, who had been playing the violin in her room, hurried to the living room. They rushed out of the door and along the corridor through the smoke.
They were heading towards the stairway at the far end of the corridor when Jane stopped in her track. She turned around and headed back the way they came. Tom had no idea what she was doing, but he followed her.
Jane had suddenly remembered the lady in her 70s who lived next door to them, who they called Makcik, Malay for auntie. Jane began pounding on Makcik's door, but got no answer. As the smoke thickened around them, Tom could see many of their neighbors—some still in their pyjamas （睡衣； 宽长裤）一running fbr safety. The thought of fear crossed his mind.
"She might have run for safety like everyone else!"Tom cried. However, Jane refused to give up. "I know Makcik's still inside." She said she was familiar with Makcik's daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping. She pounded the door. "Go downstairs. Go now! Go ! ”
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Tom noticed the flame was reaching up.
Paragraph 2：
Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help.
参考答案：
【基础训练】
**单词拼写
答案：ruined
答案：percent
答案：crack
答案:effort
答案:electricity
答案:brick
答案：metal
答案:context
答案：revive
答案：breathe
**单句语法填空
答案:was shocked
答案：electric
答案：trapped
答案：buried
答案：breath
答案：effortless
答案：wisdom
答案：suffering
答案：unifies
答案：revival
**单句写作
答案:as if they might
答案:in shock
答案：in ruins
答案:in less than
答案:help you stay positive
【综合训练】
**完形填空
1-5DDABC 6-10ACCDB 11-15AABAC 16-20ADBBC
**阅读理解
1-4CADB 5-8DBDB 9-12ACDB
**语法填空
1.has grown
2.the
3.actually
4.to improve
5.than
6.pollution
7.global
8.started
9.that/which
10.feeding
**写作
Paragraph 1：
Tom noticed the flame was reaching up. Frozen with fear, he stood rooted to the spot. He comprehended the gravity of the situation and held Jane's hand tightly By then, both of them were coughing and their eyes were stinging. Time seemed to stand still, though they were probably there for only two or three minutes. Tom begged Jane to run for safety as quickly as possible. Jane tried to shield her nose from the choking smoke and shook her head. She kept pounding against the door. Tom burst out crying.
Paragraph 2：
Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help. A sense of strength immediately replaced the mounting fear and anxiety in Jane's mind. She told them Ms Makcik must be still m the room. They forced the door open with all their might. Sure enough, Makcik was lying in bed, unconscious. She was carried downstairs and then rushed to the hospital, where she finally came to herself. People in the neighborhood felt relieved and Jane and Tom's joy was immense.Unit4 Natural disasters sectionⅢ
【基础训练】
单词拼写
1. Etna is Europe's most active （火山）
2. The （台风）hit the coastal areas.
3. The eye of the 飓风）hit Florida just south of Miami.
4. No one noticed that water was leaking from the .
5.This door should only be used in an （紧急情况）.
单句语法填空
1. The (erupt) has left a thin veil of dust on the ground.
2.What happens when food and gasoline (supply) run low
3.They have a more (power) effect on the feeling of a space.
4.She felt a wave of fear, but forced herself to leave the room (calm) .
5. Life became a struggle for (survive).
单句写作
1.我们在星空下露宿，在户外用餐。
We sleep out under the stars, and eat our meals .
2.大部分家庭有一个急救药箱在他们的汽车里，另一个在家里。
Most families have a in their car and the other at home.
3.我们专家组每天中午12点到下午7点随时都可以提供帮助和建议。
Our team of experts will to offer help and advice between 12 noon and 7 pm daily.
4.不要靠近火。
the fire.
5.正在给婴儿喂奶的那位女土是一名救援人员。
The lady is a rescue worker.
【综合训练】
完形填空
Emergency on the Mountain
Anna was a 12-year-old girl living in the mountain. Her 1 was to become a village nurse like Leta, her neighbor. She spent almost all her spare time reading the 2 book by herself.
This morning, Leta went to Santiago to 3 a short-term training class by a group of volunteer doctors for first aiders to learn medical skills. Before she left, Anna begged Leta to take her along but Leta 4 saying that Anna was too 5 to learn anything important.
Anna was very 6 this morning, so she decided to wander around to refresh herself. On the hillside, she saw Rafi standing on a donkey's bare back, some kids around him. Rafi was only 13, but he was always doing something to get 7 , “No wonder adults don't 8 kids with anything important ” Anna said to herself. She had just turned away 9 she heard a few screams and Rafi fell off the donkey. Anna ran to where Rafi was lying and 10 that one of his legs bent a little sideways between the knee and the ankle and that all the other kids were 11 not knowing what to do. She 12 what the first-aid book said about 13 legs.
"Vin! " Anna called to one of the boys.
"Go and get Rafi’s mama and find someone with a truck."
She turned 14 the other kids. "Give me your shirts. We need something to 15 his leg to so it doesn't move around."
Anna found a strong, straight stick, which she'd use to 16 his leg. She carefully wrapped the boys’ shirts around his leg and the stick. When Anna was done, Rafi came back to himself. Anna 17 comforted him until Rafi's mama came over.
Behind her was a neighbor in a pickup truck. They lifted Rafi into the truck, and then 18 down the dusty hillside toward the hospital.
The next day, Leta came to Anna's home. "I heard what you did," Leta said."You kept your head in a(n) 19 . That’s an important skill." Anna's face burned.
"Now, listen. The volunteer doctors are coming here tomorrow with vaccines .We need some extra 20 . Can you help "
Anna didn't hesitate. "I would love to and I’ll bring my first-aid book," Anna said excitedly.
1.A.dream B.hobby
C.plan D.addiction
2.A. science B.first-aid
C. biology D. handcraft
3.A.attend B.give
C.learn D.Follow
4.A.agreed B.promised
C.refused D.allowed
5.A.weak B.sensitive
C. selfish D. young
6.A.upset B.relieved
C. cold D. different
7.A.connection B.attention
C.distinction D. education
8.A.bother B.present
C．trust D.Provide
9.A.when B.after
C.until D. since
10.A.stated B.predicted
C. explained D. noticed
11.A.annoyed B.confused
C.frozen D. excited
12.A.memorized B. submitted
C. remembered D. considered
13.A.wounded B. broken
C. bleeding D. swollen
14.A. to B.down
C.against D. on
15.A.add B.cover
C.tie D.Bend
16. A. carry B.fix
C. raise D. lift
17.A. warmly B.quickly
C. politely D. gently
18.A.rode B.drove
C.walked D.Marched
19.A.protection B. emergency
C. accident D. difficulty
20. A. medicine B. lessons
C.offers D. hands
阅读理解
Taiwan officials say a mudslide （泥石流）caused by heavy rains from Typhoon Morakot buried a mountain village in the southern part of the island. The fate of hundreds is unknown.
Rescue helicopters made their way up into the mountains to reach Shiao Lin village, bringing food, water and supplies to those who survived the mudslide. Some have been transported to safety. Leng Chia-yu, a spokesman at Taiwan1 s disaster response agency, says the fate of an estimated 500 people who live in the village, which was wiped out when the mudslide hit Sunday, is still unclear. Leng says that originally there were 150 buildings in Shiao Lin, but now only one or two are left. He says everything is gone, and officials do not know how many may have been buried. Leng says that while helicopters reached the village Tuesday morning, rain and strong winds made it impossible for them to return in the afternoon.
Landslides have also hit other parts of the island. Swollen rivers have wiped out roads and sucked away houses, hotels and even a school. Disaster officials say that up to Tuesday, the storm has killed 41 people and 62 are missing. Those figures do not include estimates for Shiao Lin.
Chinese state media say Typhoon Morakot caused floods and a mudslide on China1 s east coast, and affected over eight million people. Hundreds of thousands have been forced to flee their homes as the storm heads north. State media say a landslide in the town of Pengxi, in Zhejiang province, destroyed a building, killing two people and seriously injuring four others.
1 . When did the mudslide hit Shiao Lin village according to the passage
A.On Sunday. B.On Monday.
C. On Tuesday. D. On Wednesday.
2.What can we know from the second paragraph
A.Almost no one survived from the mudslide.
B.More than 500 have been killed by the mudslide.
C.The mudslide destroyed all the houses in the village.
D.It's very difficult for rescue helicopters to rescue the victims.
3. The Typhoon Morakot has caused deaths according to the passage.
A. 41 B. 43
C. 103 D. 603
4.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Typhoon are dangerous to people all over the world.
B. The power of a mudslide is powerful and undefeatable.
C.Man is weak, compared with nature and won't conquer nature.
D.The damage and lose caused by mudslide from Typhoon Morakot.
语法填空
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I 5 (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
参考答案：
【基础训练】
**单词拼写
答案：volcano
答案：typhoon
答案：hurricane
答案：pipe
答案:emergency
**单句语法填空
答案：eruption
答案：supplies
答案：powerful
答案:calmly
答案:survival
**单句写作
答案：in the open air
答案:first aid kit
答案:be on hand
答案:Stay away from
答案:who's feeding the baby
【综合训练】
**完形填空
1-5ABACD 6-10ABCAD 11-15CCBAC 16-20BDBBD
**阅读理解
1-4ADBD
**语法填空
1.dishes
2.who/that
3.it
4.visiting
5.was shocked
6.have become
7.affordable
8.higher
9.weight
10.forUnit4 Natural disasters sectionⅤ
【重点词汇】
1.volcano n. 火山
→volcanic adj. 火山的
→volcanic eruption 火山喷发
2.rescue vt.& n.营救, 救援
→rescuer n.营救者—rescue worker 救援人员
→rescue team 救援队
3.damage vt. 损害； 破坏 n. 损坏；损失
→do/cause damage 造成损害/ 破坏
4.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
→destruction n. 破坏；摧毁
→destructive adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的；有害的
5.die vt.&vi.死亡；熄灭
→death n.死；死亡
→dead adj,死去的；完全的
→deadly adj.极端的；致命的
→dying adj.垂死的
6.affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
→affection n.喜爱，钟爱；慈 爱
7.effect n.效果；结果；影响
→effective adj.有效的
8.ruin 破坏；毁坏
→in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
9.metal n.金属
→metallic adj.似金属撞击的，似金属的
→metalwork 金属制品
10.shock vt&n.休克；震惊
→in shock震惊；吃惊
11.electricity n.电；电能
→electric adj.用电的；电动的；带电的
12.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
→breath n.呼吸
13.wisdom n.智慧；才智
→wise adj.聪明的；有智慧的
14.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.受苦
→suffering n.受苦；遭难
→suffer from 患（某种病），受…折磨
15.erupt vz.& vt.爆发；喷出
→eruption n.喷发；爆发
16.supply vt.供应；供给n.补给品；供应（量）；补给
→a supply of... 一批……
17.survive vt.幸存；艰难度过vi.生存；存活
→survival n.幸存，生存
→survivor n.生还者； 幸存者
18.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
→powerful adj.强有力的; 权力强大的
19.sweep (swept; swept) vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
→sweep away 消灭； 彻底 消除
20.strike (struck; struck/stricken) vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；罢课；袭击
→be/go on strike 在/进行罢工
21.deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达；发表
→delivery e.递送，交付；递送的 物品
→deliver to转交，交付；传达
→deliver on 〈美口〉履行，实行
22.summary n.概要；总结；概括
→summarize vt.总结；概述
23.long adj.长的；长时间的
→length n.长度，长
→lengthen vt.& vi.延 长；加长
【教材原句】
1.What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area (P48)
救援人员和战士们在洪涝灾区干什么？
2.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat and dogs refused to go inside buildings .(P50)
鸡，甚至猪，惶恐紧张，不能进食，而狗则拒绝进屋。
3.About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone.(P50)
这座城市大约75%的工厂和建筑，90%的房屋，以及所有的医院都消失了。
4. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves ,but no wind could blow them away.（P50）
地面布满砖头，像秋天的红叶，但是什么风也不能把它们吹走。
5.The couple who lived next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.(P52)
住在我隔壁的夫妇在火山爆发后志愿去帮助救灾。
6. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. (P54)
渔民，游客，宾馆，房屋，还有小汽车统统被震级高达9.0的强烈地震 引起的滔天巨浪卷走了。
【书面表达--概要写作--自然灾害】
■技法指导
自然灾害故事类概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的自然灾害故事简要概括，写出故事梗概，也可称之为摘要。
写概要时，读者要把故事的具体信息 （如灾害发生的时间、地点、人物、事件、起因以及灾害的后果等）用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，主要考查学生用简洁的语言概括一次自然灾 害的发生发展的过程，以及对所读故事整体结构的把握能力。
因此，自然灾害故事类概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的有机结合体。
写作步骤：
1.细读原文。首先要仔细阅读故事，掌握故事大意和脉络，明确各段之间的时间顺序和逻辑关系。
2.弄清要求。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此，概括要全面，而又不要面面俱到。
3.列出要点。在分析原文的内容和结构的基础上，选出与文章主题密切相关的部分并将内容按照结构顺序扼要表述出来。
■经典句式
1.交代时间、地点、人物
(1)It was at 3 am, May 17, 2008.
那是2008年5月17日凌晨3点。
(2)The whole town was in deep night sleep.
全城的人们还沉浸在深夜的睡眠中。
(3)Hearing the loud noises, Mum and Dad seemed to sense something strange and terrible happening to the town.
听到嘈杂的动静，爸爸妈妈似乎意识到某种奇怪的、可怕的事情正在这个镇子发生。
(4)A11 the lucky ones gathered together on the playground around the teacher.
所有的幸运的人都聚集在操场上，围在老师的身边。
2 .描述事件过程
(1)Suddenly, the whole building was shaking severely.
突然，整座大楼在剧烈地摇晃。
(2)The terrible tsunami swept away all the houses, leaving most of the villagers trapped under the ruins.
可怕的海啸冲垮了所有的房屋，村子里大多数人被困在了废墟底下。
(3)Soldiers dug out those who were trapped and buried those dead.
战士们挖出被困的人，埋葬死去的人。
3.表达人物心理活动
(1)Upon the earthquake ruins, a new city began to stood on its own feet.
在地震的废墟上，一座新城开始展露新颜。
(2)The people who had suffered from the deadly disaster knew how to unify and rebuild for a brighter future.
曾历经如此致命灾难的人们知道如何团结起来，为一个更光明的未来而重建家园。
■典例演练
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts （蝗虫）that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path.
And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. They think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts.
This is West Africa's biggest locust disaster in 15 years, and it is moving east, causing huge damage to crops. As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten （威胁）Sudan in the northeast of Africa. Some say it could reach Asia.
The harmful effect on crops in areas is already suffering from food shortage and the war could cause many people to go hungry. Governments in the areas are not well prepared to fight the locusts.
Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. People are now treating 6,000 hectares （公顷）per day with pesticide （杀虫剂）, but actually, they need to treat 20,000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster.
Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the disaster, and now rescue teams together with supplies of goods are coming from China and other countries.
［精彩范文］
Parts of Africa are suffering from the biggest locust disaster in 15 years.（要点 1） The damage to the crops is causing people to go hungry.（要点2）Governments and people are fighting against the locusts with difficulties.（要点3） Request for help has been sent out to different countries, while rescue teams and all kinds of goods are coming to disaster areas from China and other countries.（要点4）
【总评】
本文作者用简洁明快的语言高度概括了原文核心信息。语句通顺，逻辑严密，上下文衔接自然，条理清晰，句式运用自然流畅，符合概要写作格式 和风格。体现了作者较强的语言运用能力。
【亮点呈现】
(1)作者运用句式Parts of Africa are suffering from the biggest locust disaster in 15 years表达出了原文关键信息：非洲；蝗灾，并引出过程性描述。
⑵短语fighting against；with difficulties清晰地描述了非洲人民开展救灾的艰难。
(3)Request for help和rescue teams and all kinds of goods体现了各个国家对受灾地区的救助。
■跟踪演练
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
On December the 26th, 2004, when the people were still addicted to happiness on Christmas, the strong earthquake, which took place in Indonesia, caused heavy tsunami. In the turn of a hand, the famous Phuket Island of tourist attraction of Thailand that has enjoyed the reputation of "Heaven in human world” was turned into "the hell on earth”. For the people who were rescued from this disaster, this essentially peaceful Christmas vacation has been the forever drop shadows. When some visitors who had just brushed past the death talked about the experience at the time, they have not yet recovered from a fright. Here is a terrible experience of a newspaperwoman.
December the 26th, the newspaperwoman Yi Linyang of Strait Times was taking a holiday in Phuket Island with her husband. Before the tsunami came, they were diving in Monkey Beach. However, when they were getting ready to leave by boat, the weirdy（怪事）happened! They saw the ocean suddenly disappeared! The boat took the ground by the reeves（暗礁），there were jumping fish here and there. Nobody had seen that before, everyone was frightened deadly for the moment. When all the people didn't wake up to what had happened, the seawater surged ahead and washed back, and the huge waves like hills went straight from the distant place. Yi Linyang's heart still was struck with fear, she said, "We ran desperately，no one would know how far would the seawater chase us " Can you see It was the first sight of the tsunami of Indonesia.^
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇在普吉岛度过圣诞假期时遇到了地震引起的海啸的可怕经历。
［精彩范文］
On the day before Christmas in 2004, a terrible tsunami caused by a strong earthquake caused great damages to Phuket Island, the famous tourist attraction of Thailand.（要点1）The Newspaperwoman Yi Linyang who were spending their vacation with her husband there gave the first sight of the tsunami at that time.（要点2）They were about to return by boat from the Monkey beach, hill—like waves rushed near from far away before they could learn what had happened.（要点3）They felt frightened and desperate to run, and still not recovered from the fright yet.（要点4）
【课外拓展阅读--中华传统文化】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A tea-house is a special house which primarily serves tea and other light refreshments (茶点).Its function varies widely1 (depend) on the culture. In China, a tea-house is a place 2 people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize. It 3 (consider) as a symbol of Chinese tea culture and people's leisure lives.
Chinese tea-houses enjoy a long-standing history. They 4 (originate) in the Western Jin Dynasty, took shape in the Tang Dynasty, developed 5 (gradual) in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and became booming in modem times.
In the Song Dynasty, tea-houses spread all over the cities and villages, at a rate comparable with that of restaurants. The owners preferred to decorate their tea-houses 6 paintings of celebrities or rare and precious plants 7 (attract) customers. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of tea-houses went beyond that of restaurants, gaining much 8 (wide) popularity and becoming more famous. Later, the acculturation (文化植入)of western culture forced traditional Chinese tea-houses to take on 9 new look. After reform and opening—up, with the rapid development of the economy and 10 (evidence) improvement of people's living standards, tea-houses flowered in China.
答案：
1. depending 2. where 3.is considered 4. originated 5. gradually
6.with 7.to attract 8.wider 9. a 10.evident
［佳句赏析］
In Chinese society, the younger generation always show their respect for the older generation by offering a cup of tea.
在中国社会，晚辈经常通过敬茶来表示对长辈的尊敬。Unit4 Natural disasters sectionⅣ
【基础训练】
单词拼写
1.The tree fell down with a great （碰撞）.
2.It's partly that his writings rode a （浪潮）of social, political and scientific progress.
3.In （总结），this was a disappointing performance.
4.The hotel pool is 15 metres in l .
5 . My parents1 divorce had a big e on me.
单句语法填空
1. Daniels (sweep) his arm over his friends shoulder.
2.I usually have fast food (deliver) to my office.
3. A violent storm (strike) the area, taking away his house.
4. Arts have a gradually spreading (effective).
5.This room is twice the (long) of the kitchen.
单句写作
1.一场可怕的龙卷风袭击了东南海岸线，扫平了好几个村庄。
A terrible tornado hit the southeastern coastline .
2.一次震级达7.8的强震袭击了青海玉树。
A strong earthquake .a magnitude of 7.8 hit Yushu, Qinghai.
3.她注意到一辆汽车撞到了附近的大树上。
She noticed a car .a big tree nearby.
4 .他的房了位于易受飓风影响的地区。
His house is located in the areas easily .
5 .他在等候审判，预计明年初开始。
He's awaiting trial, to begin early next year.
【综合训练】
阅读理解
Surviving Hurricane Sandy
Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. "It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special, " she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
"My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me, ” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it."
Natalie's choice was to help.
She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt "I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway, ” Natalie declares. "My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before"
1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found .
A. some friends had lost their lives
B.her neighborhood was destroyed
C.her school had moved to Brooklyn
D.the elderly were free from suffering
2.How did Natalie help the survivors
A. She gave her toys to other kids.
B.She took care of younger children.
C.She called on the White House to help.
D.She built an information sharing platform.
3 . What does the story intend to tell us
A. Little people can make a big difference.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.East or west, home is best.
D.Technology is power.
七选五
1
Safety in the highway is not totally out of our hands. Here are four ways we can protect ourselves when we travel.
2 People in small cars are injured more often and more severely than people travelling in large cars. Factories of small cars are strengthening their products1 safety, which helps. But the mix of large cars and small cars on the road is the main reason of the problem.
Being thrown into glass and metal car parts, or being thrown from the car can really hurt or even kill you. 3 The safety belt's main purpose is to pull you back if your car has a sudden crash with another vehicle or object, or if it rolls over. A belt can reduce the chance of deadly injury by 45% and the chance of serious injury by 50%.
Air bags are important. More than half of all new cars sold have air bags. Air bags provide protection in frontal crashes—the type of crash that kills the most drivers—when they are also wearing safety belts. Most people are demanding air bags in the cars they buy. 4 Effective as they are, they can't take the place of safety belts.
Drunk driving crashes are less likely to happen if you don’t drink. 5 Many people have realized that drunk driving can lead to death and injury, prison time and other results. There are movements to strengthen penalties for drinking and driving.
A. How to drive safely.
B.You are safer in a large car.
C.How to protect ourselves in the highway
D.Air bags are not installed in all cars.
E.That’s why safety belts should be worn.
F.Drunk driving is the most serious problem.
G.But the protection provided by air bags is limited inside or rear crashes.
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
At 14：28 on May 12,2008, the disastrous earthquake occurred. Suddenly the building collapsed, when all the students were in class, including Xiao Xue, a 15-year-old girl. She was hit on the head, and at once began to bleed. Greatly frightened, she felt as if everything was dead. Suddenly she heard her desk-mate Xiao Ya, also seriously injured, calling. In the darkness they were hand in hand, and they hugged to encourage each other. Two hours passed, and Xiao Ya was getting weaker and weaker. Her hands were getting loose, her voice fainter, and eventually she could no longer stand the pain and bleeding. Finally she stopped making response to her best friend's whisper, Xiao Xue kept holding her friend in her arms under the ruins, waiting fbr rescue.
Night falling, a rescue team happened to pass by. Their voices and their flashlight gave Xiao Xue enough hope and strength to let out a cry fbr help that seemed to her to be the loudest ever since, but actually it would have been ignored if the team leader hadn't bent down to pick up her hand light which fell to the gap of the ruins. When she reached fbr the light, she sensed that some weak voice come from under the ruins. "Quickly! Quickly! Someone is still alive down there! ”
At last the rescuers found Xiao Xue still embracing Xiao Ya, but Xiao Ya had left her beloved forever.
I’d never heard of more touching stories about friendship between classmates before. Moved to tears, I wish both the girls would live happily in different worlds Surely, those who enjoy true friendship must be happy.
参考答案：
【基础训练】
**单词拼写
答案:crash
答案:wave
答案:summary
答案:length
答案:effect
**单句语法填空
答案:swept
答案:delivered
答案:struck
答案:effect
答案:length
**单句写作
答案:sweeping away several villages
答案：that/which reached
答案：crash into
答案:affected by the hurricane
答案: which is expected
【综合训练】
**阅读理解
1-3BDA
**七选五
1-5CBEGF
**写作
It was 14： 28 on May 12,2008. Students were having classes when the terrible earthquake happened.（要点1）Two of the students, Xiao Xue and Xiao Ya, foiled to escape, and were trapped in the ruins.（要点2）While waiting for rescue, Xiao Ya left the world and her beloved friend.（要点3）At last the rescuers found Xiao Xue, who were still embracing her best friend. Xiao Xue was saved at last.（要点4）Unit4 Natural disasters sectionⅠ
【基础训练】
单词拼写
1. The oil spill was a for sea animals.
2.The crops died during the （千旱）.
3 . The office was （泛滥的）with applications for the job.
4. A r worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
5.The travelers built a s from a few pieces of wood for self protection.
单句语法填空
1. The earthquake caused complete (damage) to the house.
2.Francesca (slide) across the ice.
3. The President is calling for sweeping reforms of the companies that are (destroy)the environment.
4. Two children were burnt to (die) in the fire.
5.He apologized to the people who had been (affect).
单句写作
1.虽然它看起来像是火山爆发，但其实这是沙尘暴发生时的景象。
Although it looks something like a , this is actually a picture of a dust storm.
2 .洪水泛滥地区到处都出现了饥荒。
There is hunger in all the .
3 .他的工作就是找出是什么引发了这次地震。
His job is to find out what .
4.成千上万的人被疏散撤离。
Thousands of people .
5.来自几个国家的救援队提供了食物和水。
from several countries provided food and water.
【综合训练】
完形填空
I found the bed shaking, gently at first. Because I was half asleep and not a native, I just thought it was1 serious.
Sitting up, I turned on the bedside lamp. It was 3：34 am. 2 ， my 14th-floor Santiago Hotel room came alive, like a(n) 3 animal shaking a smaller one in its teeth. Then the lights 4 . The noise was more 5 in the dark. 6 began to control me. As I pulled myself to standing, I couldn't help 7 that I might not see my husband and sons again.
In a hurry I opened the 8 of my room and expected to find people. 9 surprisingly, there was no one about. My mind was 10 crazily, but I didn't even call for help. Luckily, a middle-aged man . He just said, "We should go 12 "I said "Okay" and followed him to the stairs. On a lower floor I joined in a river of people and walked our way outside to the tennis courts, where a crowd of several hundred were 13 . Some were crying; all were weak. Then I noticed that a woman was about to fall down and immediately I went to 14 her. When I looked around and saw frightened children in parents' arms, my selfish thought was thank God that my 15 weren't here.
Soon hotel staff were setting up chairs and passing around bottled water. They offered us tablecloths to wrap around ourselves against the night 16 and shoes for people 17 feet were bare. They seemed very 18 while in fact they too must be afraid.
We all felt 19 to be alive, but as 20 our relief was mixed with guilt for we soon learnt that the 8.8-magnitude earthquake had left many dead and others homeless and tsunamis （海啸）were on the way.
1.A. everything B.something
C. nothing D. anything
2.A.Gradually B.Suddenly
C.Secretly D. Recently
3.A. angry B.quiet
C. busy D. loose
4.A.burst out B. run out
C.gave m D.went out
5.A. frightening B.shocking
C.disappointing D. tiring
C. Joy D. Anger
7.A.dreaming B. hoping
C.expecting D. thinking
8.A. curtain B.window
C.door D. shelter
9．A.But B．And
C．Or D．So
10. A.bending B. crying
C. failing D. flying
11.A. came up B. went through
C.cared about D.walked away
12.A.inside B. upstairs
C. downstairs D. around
13. A.lying B. standing
C. sitting D.sleeping
14.A.persuade B. comfort
C. support D. ignore
15.A.relatives B. brothers
C. friends D. kids
16.A.coldness B. warmth
C. darkness D. loneliness
17．A.who B．which
C．that D．Whose
18.A.proud B. sure
C.upset D. calm
19.A.excited B.lucky
C.determined D. confident
20.A.visitors B. reporters
C.survivors D. rescuers
阅读理解
Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree.She lives at the National Zoo in Washington D. C.
And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she's not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩)let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.
“It's very different from their normal call, ” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. "The lemurs (monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual. ”
But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you Maybe you can—if you're an animal. "Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing , " said Brandie Smith. "That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive/5
Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingo (a kind of bird) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.
So what kind of vibrations（震动）were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves—a weak "P" wave and then a much stronger "S" wave. The "P” stands for "primary" And the "S" stands for "secondary”. She thinks the "P” wave might be what sets the animals off.
Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith said the zoo's giant pandas didn’t jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. "I'm not surprised at all, ” Smith said.
1.Why did Mandara act strangely one day
A.Because it sensed something unusual would happen.
B.Because its daughter Kibibi was injured.
C.Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call.
D . Because an earthquake had happened.
2.According to Brandie Smith, .
A. many animals' hearing is sharp
B.earthquakes produce two types of waves
C.primates usually gather together before a quake
D.humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake
3 . Which animal seems unable to sense a quake
A. A giant panda. B. A flamingo.
C.A lemur. D. A lizard.
应用文写作
假设你是李华，在得知某省大地震的消息之后，作为校学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，内容包括：
1.看到你们的表现很感动；
2.全校师生表示关心的同时，捐款12万元；
3.家园可以重建，希望你们充满信心。
注意：
1.词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：
捐款donate
Dear friends,
I’m awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案：
【基础训练】
**单词拼写
答案：disaster
答案：drought
答案：flooded
答案：rescue
答案：shelter
**单句语法填空
答案：damage
答案:slid
答案：destroying
答案：death
答案：affected
**单句写作
答案:volcanic eruption
答案:flood-hit areas
答案:caused the earthquake
答案:were evacuated
答案：Rescue teams
【综合训练】
**完形填空
1-5CBADA 6-10BDCAB 11-15ACBCD 16-20ADDBC
**阅读理解
1-3AAA
**写作
Dear friends,
I’m awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown. Faced with such a rarely-seen disaster, you remain so strong-willed that we are all moved to tears. Thinking about your present situation, we can't wait a minute to make every bit of our effort to help you. I, as the chairman of Student Union, on behalf of all my schoolmates, express our most sincere pity and care for you. Besides, we made a donation of 120 thousand yuan to you, expecting that it can help you to get through the difficulties. A better hometown can be rebuilt. Therefore, never give up whatever happens. Remember that we won't be for away when you need any help!
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
