句子结构:
句子根据结构划分为:
简单句: 一套主谓结构的句子
I can fly. 我会飞。
并列句:由并列连词把两个或两个以上句子连接而成的句子。
并列连词:and, but, so
He can speak English, but he can’t speak Chinese.
主从复合句:由从属连词将一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子,主句是全句的主体部分,从句则是全句的次要成分,从句在句中可以充当主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语等。
What she says is not important.
他说的话并不重要。
从句:连接词+主+谓
三大从句:名词性从句:宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
定语从句(形容词性从句)
状语从句(副词性从句)
宾语从句
一.概念:
I know the man.
I know that he is from shanghai.
1. 宾语从句概念:一个句子充当宾语,叫做宾语从句,放在及物动词,介词,某些形容词之后
I wonder what she’ll say. 我想知道她会说什么。
Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.
想想它在我们的日常生活中多久使用一次。
I’m happy that everything worked out well in the end.
我很高兴最终一切都挺好的。
二.宾语从句的由来:
一个句子充当宾语,叫做宾语从句,哪些句子可以充当宾语从句
我想知道 她正在做什么。
我想知道 她是否明天会来。
我知道 她来自于中国。
宾语从句要用陈述语序,英语由两种语序:陈述语序和疑问语序
陈述语序:主+谓
疑问语序:一般疑问句语序
疑问语序: 笔记区:
Will/have/has+主语+其他
be动词+主语+其他
情态动词+主语+其他
Do/does/did+主语+动词原形+其他
牛刀小试:
将下列疑问语序变为陈述语序:
Does he often play football
were they doing homework
can they play football
has he been to Shanghai
5. will they go to Beijing
宾语从句的写法:
陈述句变宾语从句,语序不变
He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。
--- He said (that) he had been to Beijing. 他说他去过北京。
that 用来引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句,没有任何意义,只起连接作用
一般疑问句变为宾语从句时,语序要变为陈述语序
Did they finish the work 他们完成工作了吗?
---Can you tell me if they finished the work
if/whether用来引导由一般疑问句变来的宾从,表示疑问语气,”是否“
特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,语序要用陈述语序
When will they go to Shanghai 他们什么时候要去上海?
--we didn’t know when they would go to shanghai.
我们不知道他们什么时候要去上海。
Where is he from
他来自于哪里?
--Do you know where he is from 你知道他来自哪里吗?
特殊疑问句变过来的宾从,特殊疑问词就是连接词
注意:如果特殊疑问词作主语或主语的定语,这种特殊疑问句本身是陈述语序,变为宾语从句时,语序不变
Who took my pen by mistake 谁错拿了我的钢笔?
--I wonder who took my pen by mistake. 我想知道谁错拿了我的钢笔?
Whose bag is red 谁的包是红色的?
---Do you know whose bag is red 你知道谁的包是红色的吗?
牛刀小试:将下列句子变为宾语从句。
1. Dad knows a lot about colours.
I believe
2. Is red just the colour of heat and power
I wonder
3. Was yellow once the colour of the rulers in ancient China
I wonder
4. Did the rulers in ancient Europe like to wear purple
I don’t know
5. Can you help me
I am not certain
what did he said
I want to know
7. what has happened to you
I want to know
三.宾语从句时态:
宾语从句的时态常常要受到主句的影响,因而在使用时应注意从句与主句的时态要一致。
主现从任
当主句是现在的某种时态时,从句可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。
我想知道你明天什么时候回来。I want to know when you will return tomorrow.
我想知道你什么时候回来的。I want to know when you returned.
我想知道你现在正在做什么。I want to know what you are doing.
主过从过
当主句是过去的某种时态,从句要用相应的过去的某种时态。
我意识到我把书包忘在家里了。 I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
她说她毕业后要当一名教师。 she said she was going to be a teacher after leaving school.
从不随主
如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或者真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也要用一般现在时
The teacher told us that the earth is round and it moves around the sun.
宾语从句特殊点:
宾语从句的否定前移
当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect, guess等,主句的主语是第一人称且时态为一般现在时时,从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句的一般与宾语从句一致。
I don’t believe that man is from the USA,is he
我认为那个人不是来自美国,是不是?
宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose,且宾语从句可以简化为不定式结构
I hope that I can see you again.
=I hope to see you again. 我希望能再见到你。
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,ask,tell,show,teach等,且宾语从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”
She doesn’t know what she can do.
=she doesn't know ______ ______ ______。
Can you tell me how I can get to the park
=Can you tell me ______ ______ ______ to the park