中考专区二轮专题----现在完成时

Step One Warming up Hello!
Greeting
Step Two Revision Come on!
Checking homework
练习??1
1. arrange (名词)
2. top____________________(反义词)
3. huge (同义词)
4. tourism _ (动词)
5. northern (反义词)
6. information________________(复数）
7. Europe (形容词)
8. lie (现在分词)
9. contact (名词)
10. appreciate (名词)
练习 2
中考链接
1. –How do you go to ____ work?
-I usually take ____ bus. (2009深圳)
A. the; a B. /; a C. a; a D. the; /
2. –Why do you like Mary?
-Because she is ____ honest girl. (2009湖南娄底)
A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. –Do you play ____ piano in your free time?
-No, I like sports. I often play ____ soccer with my friends. (2009福州)
A. /; the B. the; /
C. the; the D. a; a
4. There’s ____ 800-metre-long road behind ____ hospital. (2009兰州)
A. an; an B. a; a C. an; the D. a; the
5. The boys arrived late at the cinema, and____ the start of the film. (2009广州)
A. caught B. missed C. got D. lost
6. “It’s really very kind ____ you to help me with the housework on Sundays,” said Grandma Huang. (2009广东)
A. of B. with C. for D. from
7. –What are you doing now?
-I’m writing to my cousin. He moved to America two weeks ago. He must be ____ receiving my e-mail. (2009哈尔滨)
A. listening to B. looking forward to C. hoping to
8. In Nanjing, we stayed at a very nice hotel. But I can’t remember ____ name of it. (2009湖北孝感)
A. the B. a C. an D. /
9. --- You have never been to Hong Kong Disneyland, have you?
---____, I have. (2009长沙)
A. First of all B. By the way C. As a result D. In fact
Step Three Key points and Analysis
时态复习
现在完成时
一 定义
现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
二 句型：
　　基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed） e.g done
　　①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语.
　　②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语.
　　③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语.
　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）
三 动词过去分词的变化规则。
规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式 的构成规则相同。注意不规则变化的动词需特殊记忆。
四 用法
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，也就是说，动作发生在过去，而对现在造成的影响和结果.
　 I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.)
　　Jane has laid the table.(简已经摆好了桌子)
He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for+时段 持续了…时间
I have lived here for a long time .
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
He has been a teacher since 1990 .
③since+时段+ago
We have known each other since one year ago .
④since+从句（过去时）
It has been ten years since she became a teacher .
⑤It is has been +时段+since+从句（过去时）
= 时段 + has passed + since +从句（过去时）
It is has been twenty years since I was born .
=Twenty years has passed since I was born .
五 .现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately, never、ever、once、twice… 等:
　e.g.　He has already finished my work .
　　 I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
　　 We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?

过去完成时
一，基本结构
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他部分.
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他部分.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他部分?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.
否定回答：No,主语+had not .
④特殊疑问句：
对主语提问：特殊疑问词或词组+肯定句语序（had+done+其他部分）
对其他提问：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句语序（Had+主语+过去done+其他部分）？
⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词
二，基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。常与“until then”,“bybefore+过去的时间”或“由beforewhen等引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句”连用。
e.g.
* By nine o’clock last night, we had finished all the work .
* I had learnt 100 English words until then .
*She had fallen asleep when her mother came back .
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
e.g.
* I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes before the bus came.
* He had lived in Japan for ten years since he came to China last year.
*She said she had worked in that factory since 1949.
（3）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句所表示的过去的动作之前。
e.g.
* He said that he had known her well.
* I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
（4）过去完成时的常用句型：
It was the first (second, etc) time (that) + 从句。
e.g.
It was the third time that he had been late for school that month.
这是他那一月第三次迟到了。

注意. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 、then、 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
　 e.g.
* I put on his coat and left the room .
* She turned off the light after she（had）finished her homework .
* He stood up ,then walked out .
* He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
重： 辨析
▲辨析一．justalreadyyet用在完成时态当中
1．Already
already 表示“已经”，常用于肯定句，放在助动词和实义动词之间。
e.g.
I have already cleaned the classroom . 我已经完成作业了。
She said she had already had supper .她说她已经吃过晚饭了。
2．Yet
yet常用于疑问句和否定句的句末。在疑问句中，用来询问说话人期望发生的事情是否已经发生；否定句中，表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生。
e.g.
John, have you finished the task yet?
约翰，你把任务已经完成了吗？
John hasn’t finished the task yet. 约翰还没有写完报告。
注：上下文中可以用Not yet 的缩写形式。
3.just
just可作副词，多用于完成时态中，置于动词与助动词之间，意为“刚才，刚刚”。
e.g.
I have just finished my homework.我刚刚做完家庭作业。
He has just left for Shanghai . 他刚刚离开前往上海。
▲辨析二，forsince 用在完成时态当中。
1.since的意思是“自从……时候起”，一般后面接一个时间点或者一个状语从句。
常见句型：
1) 主句（完成时态）+since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。I have been here since last year．
2）主句（完成时态）+ since＋一段时间＋ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) 主句（完成时态）+ since从句
Great changes have taken place since you left here．
4）It is has been＋一段时间＋since从句
= 时间段+has passed + since 从句
It ishas been two years since I became a teacher.
= Two years has passed since I became a teacher
2.for + 一个时间段 ，意思是“持续了多长时间”，一面要接一个时间段。
句型：主句（完成时态）+ for + 时间段
e.g. I have lived in Shenzhen for ten years .
She had stayed here for five hours before she went home .
★3.瞬间动词（buy,die,join,become……）不能直接与for since 连用。要将瞬间性动词改变成相对应的延续性动词。
e.g.
His grandfather died five years ago . (√)
His grandfather has died since five years ago .(×)
His grandfather has died for five years .(×)
His grandfather has been dead since five years ago. (√)
His grandfather has been dead for five years (√)
▲辨析三：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never,once twice…等连用。如：
---Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
---Yes ,I’ve been there twice .
4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：
—Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？
—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。
Step Four : Language Feedback
一，填空题。
It is the first time that I _________(visit) the city.
This is the best film that I've ever_________(see).
I _______(live) here since I was _______(bear).
My aunt ______(come)here in 1949 ,and she ___________(work)in a local factory since she _______ (come) here .
I ________(get)to know Xiao Li when she ______(be) a little girl. We ______________ (know)each other for nearly ten years .
I’m sorry I ______________ (notice) you just now .
I’m sorry I _______________ (clean) the room yet .
________ we _________ (see) each other before ？---- I’m afraid not .
By the end of last week , most work ______________ (finish) by us .
She said that she ________ never_________ (be) to Paris. .
By the time we arrived, she ____________ (go) away .
My younger brother ___________ (fall) asleep before we got home .
It was ten years since we the last time we _______________(meet) .
Where ________ you ________ (be) recently ?
My parents _____________________ (marry) for nearly 25 years .
Mother ________ (watch) TV every evening.
We________(talk) when the teacher came in
He ________(go) to Beijing two days ago.
He said his grandpa ________(be) dead for ten years
The film _____________for 15 minutes when I got to the cinema.(be on )
二 选择题
(　 )(1)The police found that the house_______and a lot of things_________.
　 A.has broken into,has been stolen　 B.had broken into,had been stolen
　 C.has been broken into,stolen　　 D.had been broken into,stolen
(　 )(2)By the end of this century,we__ours into a strong modern country.
　 A.will build　 B.had built　 C.have built　 D.will have built
(　 )(3)We_________the work by six yesterday evening.
　 A.finished　 B.would finish　 C.had finished　 D.had been finished
(　 )(4)I_________to help you but couldn‘t get here in time.
　 A.want B.had wanted　 C.have wanted　 D.was wanting
(　 )(5)Mrs Wu told me that her sister___________.
　 A.left about two hours before　 B.would leave about two hours before
　 C.has left about two hours ago D.had left about two hours before
(　 )(6)When I reached home,my parents__________their supper.
　 A.are having　 B.have already had C.have had D.had already had
(　 )(7)It seems that the old man_________something important.
　 A.has lost B.had lost　 C.lost　 D.would lose
(　 )(8)She__________in this school________the past ten years.
　 A.was teaching,since　 B.had been teaching,since
　 C.would teach,for　 D.has been teaching,for
(　 )(9)Did you see Xiao Li at the party?No,______by the time I arrived.
　 A.she’d left B.she‘s left C.She was left D.she must leave
(　 )(10)The job proved to be much more difficult than I______.
　 A.expect B.expected C.would expect D.had expected
(　 )11、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
　　Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
(　 )12、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
　　Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
(　 )13、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
　　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
(　 )14、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
(　 )15、____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____ to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
Step Five: Homework
一 选择
1．All the furniture in the building _______ to the company not to his own.?
A. is belonged B belongs C. belong D are belonged
2. When I was at college I ___ three foreign languages, but I ____ all except a few words of each.?
A. spoke, had forgotten B spoke, have forgotten
C had spoken, had forgotten D had spoken, have forgotten
3. -----We would have walked to the station. It was so near.?
----- Yes, a taxi _______ at all necessary.?
A wasn’t B hadn’t been C wouldn’t be D won’t be?
4. I don’t really work here. I _______ until the new secretary arrives.?
A just help out B have just helped out C am just helping out D will just help out
5. He _______ his leg when he _______ in a football match.?
A broke, played B was breaking, was playing C broke, was playing D was breaking, played
6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _______.?
A will arrive B arrives C is going to arrive D is arriving
7. As she _______ newspaper, Granny _______ asleep.?
A read, was falling B was reading, fell C was reading , was falling D read, fall
8. ---Do you like the material? ---Yes, it _______ very soft.?
A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt
9. ---Come on in, Tom. I want to show you something.?
--- Oh, how nice of you! I _______ you _______ to bring me a gift.?
A never think, are going B never thought, were going
C didn’t think , were going? D hadn’t thought , were going?10. ----You’ve agreed to go, so why aren’t you getting ready?
----But I _______ that you _______ us to start at once.?
A don’t realize, want B don’t realize, wanted C haven’t realized, want D didn’t realize, wanted
(11)We couldn’t catch up with the others because they ______too long before us.
　 A.started B.were starting C.have started　 D.had started
(12)She felt anxious about her son as she________for quite a long time.
　 A.haven‘t heard him　 B.hadn’t heard him
　 C.haven‘t heard from him　 D.hadn’t heard from him
(13)By the time the speaker entered the hall,all the listeners_______.
　 A.had seated B.were seated C.seated D.were seating
(14)By the end of next July this building__________.
　 A.will be finished　　 B.will have finished
　 C.will have been finished D.had been finished
(15)By the time the war____,most of the people had left.
　 A.was began B.was broken out C.broke out D.had been broken out
(16)If she______harder,she would have succeeded.
　 A.had worked B.have worked C.should work D.worked
(17)I wish______I you yesterday.
　 A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see
(18)He is talking so much about America as if he_______there.
　 A.had been B.has been C.was D.been
(19)That dinner was the most expensive meal we___.
　 A.would have B.have had C.had never had D.had ever had
(20)When Jack arrived he learned Mary______for almost an hour.
　 A.had gone B.had set of C.had left D.had been away
二 句型。
1) I fell sleep at nine o’clock . （同义句转换）
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
2) They married in 1990. （同义句转换）
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
3) I began to teach at this school in 1995. （同义句转换）
I _________ ________ _________ at this school since ____.
4) The film began two minutes ago. （同义句转换）
The film _______ _______ _______ for ____ ________.
5) They borrowed it last week. （同义句转换）
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
6、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）
7、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
have they been here?
8、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空
9、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
10 We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）
__________________________________________________________