牛津译林版英语八年级下Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar课件（23张PPT无素材）

(共23张PPT)
Unit 1 Past and present
Grammar
一、现在完成时的结构：
_______________ + _________________
have/has 动词过去分词
Present perfect tense
二、现在完成时的用法
1. To talk about an action that started in the past and continued to the present.
表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作，并且有可能还会延续下去。
其谓语动词通常是延续性动词，且句中常有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since+某个时间点，for+一段时间。
present
past
future
e.g. Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.
He has lived in the small town for ten years.
2. To talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present.
表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，并且此影响和结果现在仍然存在。常与副词 before, already, recently, yet, ever, just, never 等连用。
present
past
future
e.g. Eddie has eaten Hobo’s food.
(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing
to eat.)
He has already left the classroom.
(He isn’t in the classroom now.)
3. To talk about how many times an action has happened till now.
表示到目前为止一个动作做了多少次。
e.g. My mother has read the book twice.
I have already read the book many times.
三、动词过去分词的构成
A. 规则动词
一般动词 +ed finish-finished
以不发音的“e”结尾的动词 +d live-lived
change-changed
以“辅音字母＋ y”结尾的动词 -y+ied carry-carried
study—studied
以“元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾的短动词 双写该辅音字母+ed stop—stopped
plan—planned
无变化 come-come hurt-hurt
改变元音 hold-held win-won
改变辅音 lend-lent build-built
改变元音和辅音 catch-caught keep-kept
forget-forgotten tell-told
其他变化 be-been have-had
fall-fallen fly-flown
draw-drawn see-seen
B. 不规则动词
1. borrow
2. hope
3. make
4. get
5. plan
6. cry
7. send
8. watch
9. say
10. grow
11. hit
12. enjoy
borrowed
hoped
made
got
planned
cried
sent
watched
said
grown
hit
enjoyed
A
Mr Wu wants the students to practice using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below.
A short test
四、现在完成时的句式
（1）肯定句：
I/We/You/They + have + p.p（过去分词）+其它.
He/She/It + has + p.p（过去分词）+其它.
Practice:
1. 他们已经完成家庭作业了。
They ______________ (finish) their homework.
2. 他已经完成家庭作业了。
He ______________ (finish) his homework.
have finished
has finished
（2）否定句：
I/We/You/They + have not/haven’t + p.p +其它.
He/She/It + has not/hasn’t + p.p +其它.
Practice:
1. They _______________________ (not finish)
their homework yet(还未).
2. He ________________________ (not finish) his
homework yet.
have not/haven’t finished
has not/hasn’t finished
（3）一般疑问句及回答：
Have/Has +主语+ p.p. +其他
Have I/you/we/they arrived
Has he/she/it
Yes, I/you/we/they have.
he/she/it has.
No, I/you/we/they haven’t.
he/she/it hasn’t.
（4）特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词+ have/has +主语+ p.p +其它？
e.g. The girl has learned English for 6 years.
How long has the girl learned English
I have eaten two apples for breakfast.
What have you eaten for breakfast
Have a try
She has cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句)
She ________ cleaned the kitchen.
2. They have visited some interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句)
______ they _______ ____ interesting places in China
3. The poor dog has died. (改一般疑问句并作否定回答）
---_________ the poor dog _________
---No, it __________.
4. They have borrowed ten books from the library. (对划线部分提问)
_____ _______ books ______ they _________ from the library
hasn’t
Have visited any
Has died
hasn’t
How many have borrowed
五、与现在完成时连用的时间状语
just 刚刚；
already 用于陈述句，表示“已经”，否定句中改为yet；
yet 用于疑问句，表示“已经”，用于否定句表“还未”；
ever 曾经；
never 用在句中表示否定，从未，从不；
recently 近来，最近；
for+一段时间；since+过去某个时间点；before……
[辨析] already 与 yet
already 意为“已经”，一般用于　　　　句;有时用于疑问句，表示惊奇。
yet 意为 “还，仍”，常用于　　　 　句和　　　　 句。
肯定
否定
疑问
Practice:
1. She has already finished her homework. (改为否定句)
She ________ finished her homework ______.
hasn’t yet
A short test
B
Mr Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. Help them complete the sentences.
1. They _____________ (finish) their homework already.
2. John _____ never ________ (visit) China.
3. Mr. Li _____________ (repair) over ten bicycles since
Monday.
4. We _____________ (not see) each other for years.
5. My parents ______________ (not come) back yet.
6. Our teacher ___________ (teach) us a lot about the
history of China.
have finished
has visited
has repaired
haven’t seen
haven’t come
has taught
Chat time
C
Millie and Sandy are talking about a film about the history of plete their conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
M: ________ you ________ (see) any films
recently, Sandy
S: No, I haven’t. What about you
M: Well, I ________ (see) one last Saturday.
S: What is it about
Have seen
saw
M: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the
past century. From this film, I ___________
(learn) more about Beijing’s past and present.
S: Oh, I think I ___________ (hear) about the
film. Do you plan to see it again
M: Yes, I’d like to.
have learnt
have heard
Useful phrases and expressions
1. teach sb. a lot about… 教某人许多关于……
2. the history of China 中国历史
3. over the past century 在上个世纪
4. learn more about… 对……了解更多
5. hear about/of 听说
6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
Exercises
1. I ___________ (study) in America for over three years.
2. The young man __________ (live) alone since he graduated from college.
3. This is the best film that I __________ (see) so far.
4. —Hello. Can I speak to Miss Brown
—Sorry, she __________ (fly) to Canada already. She'll be back in a week.
5. In the past two weeks, the artist __________ (draw) many pictures about his hometown.
6. I ___________ (know) Jimmy for over two days and now we are good friends.
have studied
has lived
have seen
has flown
has drawn
have known
7. —Why are the windows so dirty
—Because we _____________ (not clean) them for a very long time.
8. He _____________ (not finish) the homework yet.
9. My family __________ (live) in Nanjing since 1996.
10. They ________ already _________ (decide) to go to Kunming for the holiday.
11. The girl ________________ (learn) English for about two years.
12. _____ Tom ________ (write) letters to you recently
haven’t cleaned
hasn’t finished
have lived
have decided
has learned/learnt
Has written
Thank you!