2021-2022高一英语 说明文课后加强练（含答案）

2021-2022高一英语说明文课后加强练
Passage A
What is the purpose of lightning That might sound like a deeply philosophical question, but scientists may have shed some more light on the answer with the results of a recently released study.
The new study published at the end of April in Science found that lightning may play a bigger role in global climate change than was previously known by the scientific community. ^Lightning increases the atmosphere^ ability to cleanse itselg" the researchers wrote in the study.
According to the National Weather Service, the probabilities of being struck are quite low—1 in 1,222,000 in a given year and 1 in 15,300 in a lifetime, although many are familiar with the potentially deadly hann caused by lightning, which is blamed for an average of 43 deaths in the United States each year, based on data from 1989 to 2018. Whafs more, the earth is struck by lightning nearly 20 million times each year, and lightning can travel as much as 10 to 12 miles from a thunderstorm, instantly heating the air to 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
As a result, the study estimates that somewhere between 2% and 16% of the oxidizing （氧化），or cleaning that happens naturally in the Earth5s atmosphere, is done by lightning. Why is this significant The oxidation process helps to reduce chemicals like carbon monoxide and methane in the atmosphere. These chemicals, known for being greenhouse gases, have been proven to contribute to rising temperatures associated with climate change. Researchers say that more studies will need to be conducted to verify the degree to which lightning contributes to the fight against global climate change.
1：What has the recent study found
A. Lightning is a deeply philosophical question.
B. Lightning reduces the atmosphere^ ability to cleanse itself.
C. Lightning prevents the process of oxidation.
D. Lightning is likely to be important to the climate change.
2：What can we learn from the National Weather Service
A. The earth is struck by lightning 20 million times each year.
B. Lightning causes many people to die every year in the U.S.
C. Lightning can travel as much as 11 miles from a thunderstorm.
D. The heat in the thunderstorm is 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
3：What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Carbon monoxide can lead to rising temperatures in climate change.
B. Lightning cleans the earth's atmosphere by accident.
C. The oxidation process can produce methane in the atmosphere.
D. The study has been completed by researchers.
4：What can be the best title for the text
A. The effect of climate change. B. The purpose of lightning.
C. The earth's atmosphere. D. Two greenhouse gases.
Passage B
Let us suppose it is now about A.D. 2060. Let’s make believe it is about sixty years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.
Journey to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots(景点) on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of young and old.
What are people eating now People are still eating food. They haven’t yet started to take on their supply of energy directly as electrical current(电流) or as nuclear power. They may some day. But many foods now are in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.
Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of our planet’s surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated(灌溉) with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good.
Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.
People are now largely vegetarians(素食者). You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. Therefore, people have to be vegetarians and they are healthier both in their bodies and in their minds, and they know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to get rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more.
Such would be our life in 2060.
1. According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about 2060 AD
A. Many tourists. B. Many other animals.
C. Many plants. D. A sea.
2. What will people eat then according to the passage
A. Biscuits in pill form. B. Foods in pill form.
C. Foods in water form. D. Foods in gas form.
3. The passage tells us that in 2060, ________ on the earth than now.
A. there are fewer population B. there are more pests
C. there is less water D. the crops are getting better
4. Why are people largely vegetarians in 2060
A. Because they don’t eat meat .
B. Because doctors advise them not to eat meat.
C. Because the number of animals decreases.
D. Because all the animals have died of diseases.
Passage C
In the morning, Ms Antón waves goodbye to Mila as she is picked up to go today care. “It has made her so independent, so friendly with others,” Ms Antón says. She closes the door and turns to homeschooling her two children. For Mila is not a child, but the family dog.
Schools and nurseries have been shut in Mexico for a year, because of the pandemic. But doggy daycare is developing quickly. “Many customers now have a home office or are worried about their dogs becoming too attached to them,” explains Mondragon, the co-owner of a dog day-care centre.
The number of dogs in Mexico increased by 20% in the decade to 2020. Most are strays (流浪狗), but many have found loving homes. They cover 85% of all pets in Mexico. There are special areas for dogs in parks. Many restaurants welcome dogs and provide drinking water. Pet salons provide not only baths but also other items. None of this is cheap. A “relaxing bath” at PetCare, a salon, can cost over an average worker’s daily wages (薪水).
Mexicans come to love dogs while the population is falling. In the mid-1980s, a Mexican woman could expect to have four children; now, only two. In the long run, as people have grown richer and the returns to education have risen, families become smaller. In the past year, however, it is economic uncertainty that has prompted many to delay having babies.
For some, a dog is a lovable choice. The most devoted owners buy clothes and throw birthday parties for their pooches, with hats and birthday cakes. For mothers such as Ms Antón, doggy day care offers some time from covid-induced work. But she will not stop worrying until her children too, are let off the leash and back into the classroom.
1. What can we know about Ms Antón
A. She picks up many strays. B. She’s got a dog named Mila.
C. Now she works in a daycare. D. She isn’t worried about her children’s study.
2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about dogs
A. It is not very cheap for a dog to have a bath.
B. There aren’t special areas for dogs in parks.
C. Most dogs haven’t found their caring homes.
D. The number of dogs in Mexico increases slowly.
3. Which one is NOT the reason why the population of Mexico is falling
A. The returns to education have risen.
B. People come to love dogs very much.
C. People there are becoming richer and richer.
D. People are not sure about the economy development.
Passage D
Do you often listen to music at loud volumes (音量)？Over one billion (十亿) young people are at risk of hearing loss (失聪) because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes is harmful to your hearing.
The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 decibels (dB 分贝) for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.
Loud noise is harmful to the inner ears (内耳). Most of us are born with about 16,000 hair cells (听毛细胞) in our inner ears. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss.
Some people might think that their music isn't all that loud. But this can depend on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place， you might feel uncomfortable.
The World Health Organization said the “safe level" for most sounds is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 dB is roughly equal to (大约相当于) the noise of a subway.
1. Many young people are at risk of hearing loss because they________.
A. watch TV every day B. listen to loud noise in the subway
C.listen to loud noise for a long time D. listen to music every day
2. The sound level of a rock concert is about________.
A. 80 dB B. 110 dB C.85 dB D. 100 dB
3. What is loud noise harmful to？
A.The eyes. B. The heart. C.The brain. D. The inner ears.
4. What is the best title of the passage？
A. Loud Noise Is Harmful to Hearing B. Keep the Loud Volumes
C. Loud Noise Stops Ears from Working D. The Risk of Listening to Music
Passage E
These 4 people are studying English. However, they are now facing some problems.
◎I am Pablo. I work 50 hours a week as a taxi driver, so I talk to people all day. They understand me, but I know I make a lot of mistakes. No one corrects me. My vocabulary is strong. Grammar is my problem. I'm trying to change little by little. For example, I don't use the past tense (时态). I always say, “I drive him to the office this morning” instead of “I drove him to the office this morning”.
◎My name is Maria Luisa. I'm teaching myself English, and I'm good at grammar. However, it's really difficult to find ways to practice English. I live in an area where everyone speaks my language. My neighbors and friends speak Spanish. I can speak Spanish in the supermarket and at the post office.
◎I am Li Ping. I understand the grammar and the readings in my class and I think my writing is good, but I'm very nervous when I speak English. I don't want to make any mistakes because I'm afraid people will think that I'm stupid. Also, my pronunciation isn't good. When I speak, people often say, “What Say that again”.
◎I am Yoshi. I have been in the United States for one year. I'm studying hard and I know grammar well, but the vocabulary is very difficult. When I listen, I don't understand many of the words. When I try to read, there are three or four new words in every sentence. I feel discouraged.
1：Who may say, “I go to bed late last night”
A．Pablo. B．Maria Luisa C．Li Ping. D．Yoshi.
2. What would be the best advice for Maria Luisa
A．Try to have a wide vocabulary.
B．Develop a good knowledge of grammar.
C．Read as many English books as possible.
D．Make friends with English-speaking people.
3 .Why do people find it hard to understand Li Ping's English
A . She can't pronounce words in English correctly.
B．She speaks at a very fast speed.
C．Her grammar is terrible.
D．Her voice is very low.
4. What can we learn about Yoshi
A．He was born in the United States. B．He has a very small vocabulary .
C．He has learned English for years. D．He is very good at listening.
Passage F
When high school student Katie Shipley was born with a serious brain disease, doctors said she wouldn't live to go to school.
Now, Katie is not only about to graduate from Southridge High School in Oregon, but she was also named the school's prom (高中毕业舞会) queen.
Knowing Katie's wishes for prom queen, her friend Courtney Travis began reaching out to find her the prom king she needed to make her a queen. Courtney found Michael Parks, who also thought it was a great idea.
“I really got to know Shipley,” said Michael. “When you take the time to get to know other people, it really gives you a great chance to live for more than yourself.”
Courtney took a picture of the couple together and put it on her Twitter, explaining their plans for the prom. “It became very popular in the school,” she said.
Their efforts paid off, and Katie was very excited to be named prom queen.
On the day of the prom, Katie wore a very beautiful dress. Her grandmother, Joan Fraley, who also went to the prom, said the night will stay with her always.
“I was standing there and the children were shouting her name,” she said. “They called her name as the new prom queen — I started crying. I'm greatly thankful to the students of Southridge High School.”
Katie repeated that feeling.
“I just want to say thank you to my friends for all they did for me. I love you all.”
Todd Corsetti, the principal (校长) at Southridge High School said that seeing Katie as prom queen and the energy and help of his students is one of his “proudest moments.”
“I think teenagers have great hearts and are really looking to make the world a better place,” Todd said. “As we finish our school year, it's a great legacy (遗产) to leave the other classes who come after them.”
1．When Katie was born, she _____.
A．nearly died in hospital
B．wasn't expected to live long
C．wasn't supposed to finish high school
D．caught a disease caused by doctors' mistakes
2．Hearing about Katie's story, Michael _____.
A．turned to his friends for help
B．began to raise money for Katie
C．decided to live for others rather than himself
D．was very happy to help Katie realize her dream
3．Why did Fraley cry at the prom
A．She felt sorry for Katie.
B．She thought of Katie's hard life.
C．She was invited to Katie's graduation.
D．She was moved by what others did for Katie.
4．What is Todd's opinion on the students
A．They are the kindest teens.
B．They are the hope of the world.
C．They set a good example to others.
D．They can do much better in the future.
Passage G
A tiger park in Phuket, Thailand is preparing to welcome back foreign visitors this week. The reopening is part of a plan to bring back foreign visitors with COVID-19 vaccination（疫苗接种）to the island. The visitors do not have to follow lockdown rules. After 14 days, as long as they have no coronavirus infection（新冠感染）,they can travel elsewhere in Thailand.
Chadarat Taodaeng is the general manager of Tiger Kingdom in Phuket. He said the park had put safety measures （措施）in place before Thursday's reopening to help foreign visitors feel comfortable.
“We have vaccinated more than 90 percent of our workers and also trained them about the 'new normal' tourism,” the manager said. The park has more than 50 tigers and a cheetah. And visitors can get close to them. Since the pandemic lockdowns, visitor numbers have dropped from nearly 1,000 a day to fewer than 20.
Thailand lost about $50 billion in tourism when foreign arrivals fell to 6. 7 million last year. In 2019, the country had nearly 40 million visitors. And Phuket suffered from a large number of job losses and business closings.
“I'm happy that finally there will be people visiting the tigers, and Phuket city will be bustling again," said the park's assistant manager, Phonphawit Ton-od. She added that the reopening would "help with both tigers' and the workers' mental health.”
Even though there has been an increase in the popularity of parks like the Tiger Kingdom, experts are against the opening. Clearly, there are worries over .safety after some attacks by the animals. Bringing back visitors is important to Thailand's economy. But government officials also have to deal with a recent increase in coronavirus infections.
1. What kind of foreign visitors does the tiger park want
A. Wealthy ones. B. Brave ones. C. Polite ones. D. Safe ones.
2. What do we know from the manager's words in paragraph 3
A. The money the country lost. B. The visitors the park receives.
C. Measures the park has taken. D. The numbers of animals in the park.
3. What does the underlined word "bustling” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Busy. B. Silent. C. Clean. D. Dangerous.
4. Why do experts have a different opinion about the reopening
A. Foreigners may spread diseases.
B. They are worried about hidden risks.
C. The wild animals in the park may suffer.
D. Over-tourism may damage the environment.
Passage H
Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China,especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.
Beijing has thus been expected to follow suit. The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.
The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations (违背). The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.
The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others — and leave it in a corresponding (相应的) dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins indicate items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.
To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.
Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.
1. Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin
A. Coke cans. B. Used books.
C. Thrown-away batteries. D. Abandoned iron pots.
2. It’s known from the passage that _______.
A. Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing
B. Green color indicates recyclable waste like deserted clothes
C. people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded throughout Beijing
D. citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing now
3. What is the best title for the text
A. An Example in Garbage Sorting in Shanghai
B. Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in Shanghai
C. Present Garbage Collection in Beijing
D. New Garbage Sorting Regulation in Beijing
4. Where can you read the article
A. A fashion magazine. B. A science book.
C. A government report. D. A newspaper.
参考答案
A. DCAB
B. ABDC
C. BAB
D. CDDA
E. ADAB
F. BDDC
G. DCAB
H. CDCD