2021-2022高一英语 说明文专项训练（含答案）

2021-2022高一英语说明文专项训练（8套）
Passage A
The 26th National Eyes Caring Day in China held to raise awareness of the health condition of eyes has been marked on June 6 this year.
Professor Yan Hua, an ophthalmologist （眼科医生）in China and president of Tianjin Medical University, led a medical group to the Tianjin women's volleyball team on June 3 and carried out a comprehensive eye check on the coaches and players of the team.
In order to call on the whole society to pay more attention to the eye health of children, adolescents and the elderly and raise people's awareness of eye care, professor Yan has long been leading his team to commit to （投入）the popularization of ophthalmology eye diseases screening, free clinic consultation （咨 询）and health lectures.
These activities include the prevention and control of myopia （近视）for primary and middle school students. Professor stressed that it is necessary to control the use of mobile phones strictly, ensure enough sleep time, strengthen physical exercise, and promote physical and mental health in students at elementary and middle school. Professor Yan also guided the elderly to prevent and treat eye diseases scientifically, advocate a healthy lifestyle and guided them to seek treatment in a scientific manner.
Professor Mn and his team in collaboration with the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission and Tianjin Municipal Health Commission have done a lot of publicity work on eye protection on National Eyes Caring Day for decades, including comprehensively promoting the prevention and control of children's myopia in Tianjin and leading ophthalmologists and related workers in 10 provinces across the country and prevention project in rural areas of China, implementing the screening, and launching the prevention and treatment of sports-related eye injuries. All these efforts have contributed to the general improvement of eye health conditions in China.
1.What’s the purpose of the 26th National Eyes Caring Day
To raise people's awareness of eye care.
To pay more attention to the health of children.
To carry out an eye check for a volleyball team.
To lead a research in Tianjin Medical University.
2.What does Professor Yian suggest people do
Drink enough water. B. Stop using of mobile phones.
C. Sleep more than 10 hours a day. D. Treat eye diseases scientifically.
3.What does the underlined word "collaboration'' in paragraph 5 mean
Teamwork. B. Connection. C. Protection. D. Healthcare.
4.Where is the text probably from
A tour guidebook. B. A scientific report. C. A health magazine. D. A book review.
Passage B
American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.
After World War Ⅱ, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts(转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents(居民) became richer. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs(郊区).
　　Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals(专业人士，专门人才) are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.
　　This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. A large number of poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.
Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure: many dying cities are alive again.
1. What does the author think of cities all over the world
A. They are alive. B. They are hopeless.
C. They are similar. D. They are different.
2.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ
A. Because older American cities were dying.
B. Because they were richer and needed more space.
C. Because cities had the worst parts of society.
D. Because they could hardly afford a life in the city.
3. According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities .
A. are faced with housing problems
B. are forced to move to the suburbs
C. want to sell their buildings
D. need more money for daily expenses
4. We can conclude from the text that .
A. American cities are changing for the worse
B. people have different views on American cities
C. many people are now moving from American cities
D. the population is decreasing in older American cities
Passage C
TOKYO, July 25 (Reuters) -Five years before Simone Biles was born, Oksana Chusovitina was already an Olympic gold medalist in a sport whose brightest stars often retired early, their bodies stricken by years of training.
At 46, the Uzbek gymnast has overcome all kinds of difficulties to compete at her eighth Olympic Games in Tokyo but following the opening day of the women’s competition, she bid a tearful farewell after falling to enter the vault (跳马) final. Due to the COVID-19, Chusovitina missed being give an exciting farewell from thousands of cheering fans but she was nevertheless moved by the big hand she received on Sunday from the coaches and follow gymnast who hailed her.
“These were tears of joy because so many people were supporting me,” sad Chusovitina, adding that she would have loved to have ended her career in the presence of spectators (观众).
“I had been preparing for things to end here, but it’s impossible to be fully ready for ending your career, ”she said.
Chusovitina become the Soviet all-around champion at 13 and the world champion on floor in 1991. She won gold in the team event at the 1992 Barcelona Games and silver in the vault in Beijing 16 years later. She later competed for Germany, where she moved to seek treatment for her son’s leukaemia (白血病), before returning to compete for Uzbekistan.
Chusovitina said her career had been fueled by an intense passion for gymnastics. At the 2012 London Olympics she had announced her retirement, only to change her mind just 24 hours later. “There is no secret,” said the Uzbek, who had made it into the vault final at the Rio Olympics five years ago. “I just love gymnastics and no one ever forced me to do it. I do it with pleasure.”
1. How many Olympic Games did Chu so vi tina enter in her career
A. 6 B. 8 C. 13 D. 11
2. Which of the following countries hasn’t Chusovitina competed for
A. China B. Soviet C. Germany D. Uzbekistan
3. Which is NOT true about Chusovitina according to the text
A. She got silver medal in Beijing Olympics.
B. She won gold in the 1992 Olympic Games.
C. She moved to Germany for her son’s illness.
D. She retired with many cheering fans on the scene.
4. What can we learn from Chusovitina’s words in the last paragraph
A. She got championship in Brazil.
B. She was forced to enter gymnastics.
C. She showed great passion for gymnastics.
D. She retired in London Olympics completely.
Passage D
A lecture hall should be like a church—a little too dark, much too cold, and uncomfortably silent. You should feel guilty opening your water bottle, because all 200 people in the room can hear it.
So when I’m trying to pay attention, the last thing you should be doing is carrying on a conversation about your last weekend party or anything else.
During the past school term, I’ve had enough. One of my biggest complaints of large class sizes is the tendency for three to five friends to sit together and loudly whisper each others’ ears off for an hour and 15 minutes straight. My stupid monkey brain can’t help but focus on your conversation about the difference between ash blonde and light blonde colored hair that look exactly the same.
To me, it just feels like a waste. You’re actively wasting money, and missing vital information. We (and the government) pay quite a lot for our education, but you are here to ignore someone significantly more experienced than us, in classes we picked, for hours every week.
I know major requirements can be boring, but this is still an education. It requires two- way effort. Most students here have at least one goal in common: success. Not every checkpoint on that path is going to be filled with joy. Sit down, shut up, and force yourself to listen to your professor. Society tells us it will eventually pay off. Or maybe it won’t because you don’t want to. I actually don’t care if you decide to pay little or no attention to the lecture itself, so long as you’re not being disturbing.
For those willing to try, in 20 years when you finally pay off your debt with your fairly secure white -collar job, you’ll look back and be happy that you went through the lectures.
1. Why is a lecture hall compared to a church by the author
A. Both places are open to the public.
B. Both places help rid people of their guilt.
C. Both places are supposed to be quiet.
D. Both places can seat over 200 people.
2. What can we infer about the author from the passage
A. He values education as a duty.
B. He tends to make complaints.
C. He likes persuading others.
D. He cares much about friendship.
3. How does the author feel when writing the passage
A. Delighted. B. Worried. C. Thrilled. D. Annoyed.
4. What may be the best title for the text
A. Wasting Your Time Is a Shame!
B. Mind Your In Class Behavior!
C. Hard Work Pays Off!
D. Focus on the Lectures!
Passage E
During the summer holiday, some students might have been busy with traveling, summer camps and all kinds of courses. But a special group of Chinese middle school students decided to taste the hardship of life outside school.
Twelve students in a big city sold vegetables at a local market together. Within 12 days, they made more than 1,500 yuan. Among them, the oldest is 21 years old, while the youngest is just 10. They are all cousins in a big family and eight of them are from rural areas.
“Compared to traveling, such social practice connects us and makes us learn how tough our parents are,” said Dalin, 18, to the City Morning Post. Dalin, a senior high graduate, and her 12-year-old brother Xiaolin came up with the idea.
They learned to work hard to sell their veggies. Every morning they had to wake up at 3 o’clock. Some of them went to the farmer’s market to buy vegetables. Some of them went to the local market to take up a temporary stall. To lower the cost, they learned to bargain with the sellers.
At about 6:30 am, they began to sell vegetables. They peddled loudly to attract customers. After several days, they got some experience, too.
For example, it was better to put vegetables in order and bigger ones on top. When the vegetables are too heavy, they should give customers an extra plastic bag. When they finally packed up and went home, they had a small meeting. Everyone took notes and shared their feelings.
“We are tired,” said Dalin. “but we gained a lot” .
1. In the writer’s opinion, the 12 students’ action was ________.
A. popular B. encouraging C. strange D. embarrassing
2. The cousins decided to sell vegetables at a market to ________.
A. show how able they were B. have less hardship of life
C. prepare for their future traveling D. learn how hard their parents work
3. They bargained with the sellers to ________.
A. cut down the cost B. share their feelings
C. get bigger vegetables D. attract more customers
4. The best tile of the story should be ________.
A. Summer Courses B. Family Business
C. Students Learn from Bargains D. Cousins Work with Vegetables
Passage F
Mr Brown was going away for a week. Before he left, he said to his son, “if anyone asks for me, you can tell him that your father has been out for doing something, and will be back in a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down for a cup of tea.”
“OK, Dad,” said his son. But he was afraid his son couldn't remember this, he wrote these words down on a piece of paper and
gave it to him. His son put it into his small pocket, took it out and looked at it every now and then.
Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was of no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.
The next afternoon, someone knocked at the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing at the door and said, “Where is your father ”The boy put his hand into his pocket at once and looked for the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, “No more.”
The man was very surprised. He asked, “No more I met your father last week. When did it happen ”
“Burnt yesterday evening.”
1. Mr Brown told his son that _____.
A. he would be away from home for four days
B. he would be back in seven days
C. he would be back in a month D. he liked a cup of tea
2. Mr Brown wrote the words down on ________.
A. the wall B. the door C. a piece of paper D. his son's pocket
3. A man came to visit the boy's father on ________.
A. the second day B. the third day C. the fourth day D. the fifth day
4. What was burnt ___________.
A. The piece of paper B. Mr Smith C. The visitor D. The boy
Passage G
Usually in school or in clubs, children are told not to horse around-horsing around means “to act badly". But in south London, there is a club that loves it when students horse around.
The Ebony Horse Club is a riding school for children from poor families. General Manager Naomi How gate runs the team that runs the school. With the help of volunteers, they give about 140 rides each week to children. They teach not only horseback riding but also important life skills.
The program's eight horses have returned to their home after a long rest outside London in East Surrey. Across the road from housing for the poor, young people are again learning how to ride.
They begin by learning how to mount, or how to get on the horse. Then, they learn how to walk, jog, and finally keep the horses running slowly. These are specialized terms （专业术语）for how a horse walks or runs.
One of the club's youngest riders is Shaddai Mcleod. The 9-year-old was very excited to be back in the saddle（马鞍）. He rides after school. But he joins the team on Sundays to help in the yard. He said he gets great pleasure taking care of the horses ： cleaning out the stables, tidying the horses, and measuring out their evening meals. His sister Zion is 13 and works just as hard as her brother. As she saddles up her favorite horse, Eddie, for her lesson, she says how lucky she is to be a member of the club.
Along with riding close to home, Ebony Horse Club members take day trips to clubs in the English countryside. One year ago, groups of children from the club had wonderful experiences. They also have traveled as far away as Sweden to ride horses.
The club has experienced an increase in children wanting to join. But it needs donations （捐赠）to keep running.
1. What are kids taught to do as the first step of riding
A. Drive the horse quickly. B. Learn specialized terms.
C. Climb onto the horseback. D. Walk slowly with the horse.
2. What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the sister and brother
A. Their riding experiences. B. Their service for the horses.
C. Their pride in being club members. D. Their tiring tasks of raising horses.
3. What is key to keeping the Ebony Horse Club running
A. Money given by the public. . B. The effort of club members.
C. Support from local government. D. Children's love of horseback riding.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Children's Dreams Come True B. Kids Grow Together with Horses
C. Club Teaches Kids about Horse Riding D. Riding Attracts More and More Children
Passage H
Online, English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process, the language itself is changing. There are now thought to be some 4.5 billion web pages worldwide. Some language experts predict that within 10 years English will occupy the internet — but in forms very different to what we accept and recognize as English today.
That’s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly, they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers, especially on the internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don’t have to worry about their accent (口音).
Users of Facebook already socialize in a number of different “Englishes” including Indian English, Spanish English and Korean English. While these different styles have long existed within their cultures, they’re now expanding and coming online. Technology companies are introducing newly-developed English words with products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary. And most large companies have English websites, while smaller businesses are learning that they need a common language — English — to reach global customers.
The increasing popularity of the internet allows more languages to develop quickly. “Most people actually speak several languages — it’s less common to only speak one,” says Mr. Munro. “English has taken its place as the world’s common language, but it’s not pushing out other languages.” Instead, other languages are pushing their way into English, and in the process creating something new.
1. What does the text mainly talk about
A. English is a common language around the world.
B. There are now many different language styles.
C. English language is developing with the Internet.
D. Smaller businesses are learning a common language.
2. Which of the following is NOT true about online communication
A. People need to spell exactly.
B. Grammar is not so important.
C. People do not care about their accent.
D. Most English-speakers are not native speakers.
3. What can we infer from the text
A. We can only communicate online in English.
B. It’s impossible to find all the English words in the dictionary.
C. Some technology companies start to publish English dictionaries.
D. Smaller businesses are not allowed to have English websites.
4. What can we learn from what Mr. Munro said
A. The other languages are enriching English.
B. One can’t live well without speaking several languages.
C. English will become the only language in the world.
D. Chinese used to be the world’s common language.
参考答案
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