人教版（新课程标准） 选修6 Unit1-5学案（5份打包）

Unit 1 Art
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．sculpture n．　　 　　　　 雕塑
2．gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊
3．abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的
n. 摘要
4．contemporary adj. 当代的；同时代的
5．controversial adj. 争论的；争议的
6．ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
7．permanent adj. 永久的；持久的
8．flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉体
9．avenue n. 林荫道；道路；大街
10．visual adj. 视觉的；看得见的
第二组：写其形
1．scholar n. 学者
2．allergic adj. 过敏性的；过敏的
3．committee n. 委员会
4．shadow n. 阴影；影子
5．attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图
vt. 尝试；企图
6．specific adj. 确切的；特定的
7．figure n. 画像；身材；数字
8．superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的
9．bunch n. 束；串
10．appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助
vt. 将……上诉
n. 呼吁；恳求
11．reputation n. 名声；名誉
12．district n. 区；区域；行政区
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv.忠实地
2．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的→type n．类型；典型 v．打字→typist n．打字员
3．evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidence n．证据；证明；明显
4．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.收养的；移居的→adoption n．收养；采用
5．possess vt.拥有；具有；支配→possession n．(尤作复数)所有物；财产；具有；拥有
6．coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同时发生的
7．predict vt.预言；预告；预测→prediction n．预言；预测→predictor n．预言者
8．aim n．目标；目的vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.没有目标的；漫无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
9．exhibition n．展览；陈列；展览会→exhibit v．展览；展出；开展览会
10．preference n．喜爱；偏爱→prefer v．喜爱；偏爱
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．by coincidence 偶然地；巧合地
2．a great deal 大量
3．on the other hand (可是)另一方面
4．concentrate on 集中精力于……
5．break away from 逃脱；摆脱；脱离
6．lead to 导致；通向；通往
7．be allergic to ... 对……过敏
8．in the flesh 活着的；本人
9．a bunch of 一束
10．more than 不只是；多于
11．write down 写下；记下
12．take turns 依次；轮流
13．scores of 大量；许多
14．depend/rely on 依靠；依赖
15．appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；(向某人)呼吁
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．without引导的含蓄条件句
悟原句 Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
背佳句 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Without a good rest, you would not be able to live up to the expectations of our school.
2．介词短语位于句首的全部倒装
悟原句 Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
背佳句 (2019·天津高考)Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are a desktop computer and loudspeakers.
3．动词 ing短语作状语常常表示一种必然的结果
悟原句 Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.
背佳句 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, becoming the new landmark in our school.
1.常见英语反义形容词面面观
①
②
③
④
2.含词根 vis(看)的单词一览
①visual adj.　 视觉的
②visible adj. 可见的
③visibility n. 能见度
④visa n. 签证
⑤vision n. 视野
⑥television n. 电视
⑦revise vt. 复习；修正
⑧supervise vt. 监督；管理
3.“v.＋to(介词)” 短语荟萃
①lead to　 　 导致
②add to 增加；增添
③object to 反对
④stick to 坚持
⑤refer to 查阅
⑥apply to 适用于
4.“by＋n.”短语全扫描
①by coincidence 巧合地
②by accident 偶然地
③by chance 偶然地
④by design 故意地
⑤by mistake 错误地
⑥by necessity 必然地
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It is true that the dog is the most useful and faithful (faith) animal in the world.
2．The form gives the agency parental responsibility and rights over the child until the adoption (adopt) is completed.
3．Above all, man's dearest possession (possess) is life, and it is given to him to live but once.
4．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical (type) college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition (exhibit) programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
6．From the look on Mary's face, it was evident that they've found no evidence so far who had stolen the computers in the office. (evident)
7．The headmaster has a preference that he prefers overseas Chinese students to return home to start their own careers. (prefer)
8．The Belt and Road Initiative, aimed/aiming (aim) at mainly developing economy and cultures, was first put forward in 2013.
9．The boys made an attempt to leave (leave) for camping but were stopped by their parents.
10．Having been predicted (predict) one day ahead, the volcanic eruption didn't kill anyone except several injured.
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．The Red Cross is appealing to the people for donations of food and clothing for the victims suffering from the severe earthquake.
2．Having figured out the final total number, they were satisfied with the result.
3．On the other hand, shopping online may cause people to buy goods that are not badly needed.
4．Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.
5．By coincidence, my classmate and I were born on the same day and in the same year.
6．I find it hard to concentrate on my studies with some people having small talks around me.　
7．Businesses will have to aim at long term growth, not the present profit.
8．It's strange that you should be allergic to so many medicines.
9．Facing up to your problems rather than breaking away from them is the best approach to working things out.
10．You look much younger in the flesh than in the photographs.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．adopt/adapt
The young couple had no children of their own and ①adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to ②adapt to his new life.
2．in possession of/in the possession of
①The flat is in the possession of Tom.
②Tom is in possession of the flat.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．She abstracted the main points from the argument. 概括
2．Relatives of the victim watched from the public gallery as the murder charge was read out in court. 旁听席
3．A typical working day for me begins at 7：30. 一贯的；平常的
4．①The children were having fun, chasing each other's shadows. 影子
②These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear. (坏)影响
③His face was deep in shadow, turned away from her. 昏暗处
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Mrs. Meredith是一个很善良且有思想的人，她花费大量的时间去看望穷人们。(a great deal of)
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.
2．有些学生花费太多的时间在微信上，这让老师和家长很担忧。(现在分词作状语)
Some students spend too much time on WeChat, making their teachers and parents worried.
3．我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。(完全倒装)
Next door to ours live a foreign couple, who seem to have settled into life in China.
4．没有良好的教育就没有先进的科学技术。(without虚拟语气句)
Without excellent education there would be no advanced science and technology.
1．faith n．信任；信心；信念；承诺
(1)have/lose faith in　　　　 对……有/失去信心
keep/break faith with 对……守信用/不守信用
(2)faithful adj. 忠实的；守信的
faithfully adv. 忠实地；准确地
[演绎法练通]　单句语法填空
①(2018·北京高考)I think the faith that everyone has shown in him has touched him.
②History is the best teacher. It faithfully (faith) records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.
③Besides, it is also very important that friends should be faithful (faith) to each other.
④I have lost faith in that company, but I kept faith with the manager.
2．aim n．目标；目的；瞄准vi.& vt.瞄准；对准；旨在；(向某方向)努力
(1)achieve one's aim　 达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标
without aim 漫无目的地
with the aim of 以……为目标；意在/旨在……
(2)aim at/for 针对；瞄准；目的在于
aim sth.at sb./sth. 使某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物
aim to do sth. 意欲/企图/旨在做某事
意欲/企图/旨在做某事
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2019·北京高考)All our projects aim to promote (promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
?一句多译
这项活动旨在提高学生的听说能力。
②This activity is aimed at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking.(aimed)
③The aim of this activity is to improve the students' ability of listening and speaking.(aim n．)
?翻译句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我写信的目的是申请一个成为志愿者的机会。
I am writing with the aim of applying for the chance to become a volunteer.
3．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
　?单句语法填空
①The family has adopted a homeless child as their own.
②Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.
③Parents who have an adopted child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is adopted.(adopt)
?补全句子
④The schools must adopt new methods of teaching foreign languages.
学校必须采用新的外语教学方法。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)adopt sb. as ...　　　　收养/挑选某人为……
(2)adoption n. 收养；采用
(3)adopted son/daughter 养子/养女；义子/义女
adopted adj. 收养的；移居的
4．possess vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
(1)be possessed of　　 具有(某品质、特征等)
(2)possession n. (尤作复数)所有；财产；具有；拥有
be in possession of 占有；拥有；持有
be in sb.'s possession＝be in the possession of sb.
为某人所有；在某人的控制下
get/take/gain/have possession of　 拥有；占有
[名师指津]　in possession of 表主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in the possession of 表被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①As the saying goes, “A true friend is the best possession (possess)．”
②Although he doesn't possess much money, he is possessed (possess) of good health.
?一句多译
这个老人拥有一家大公司。
③The old man is in possession of a large company.
④The old man gets/takes/gains/has possession of a large company.
⑤A large company is in the possession of the old man.
5．attempt n．努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图
　?单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb (climb) Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
②It is said that Australian scientists are making fresh attempts at explaining climate change.
③Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.
④If you fail at the first attempt, there is no need to care about that.
?翻译句子
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)由于每个国际学生都尝试自己泡茶(make their own tea)，整个茶室很快活跃起来。(主系表＋with复合结构)
Soon the tea room became lively with every international student attempting to make their own tea.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)attempt to do sth.　　　　　　　　 努力/企图做某事
(2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事
at the first/second ...attempt 第一/二……次尝试
6．figure n．画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字；图表；插图v.估计；计算；认为[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中figure的含义①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs.认为②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.身材；体形③It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.数字④Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.人物
理明白 figure out　 弄清楚；弄懂；弄明白；计算(数量或成本) keep one's figure 保持体形
[针对训练]　补全句子
⑤(2017·北京高考)If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。
⑥I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
我想知道玛丽这些年到底是如何保持体形的。
1．on the other hand (可是)另一方面
(1)on (the) one hand ...on the other (hand) ...一方面……另一方面……
(2)for one thing ...for another ...首先……其次……；一则……二则……
(3)first(ly) ... second(ly) ...第一……第二……
[演绎法练通]　补全句子
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)On the one hand, I have developed fluency in spoken English. On the other hand, I have accumulated related experience by doing part time jobs.
一方面，我的英语口语很流利；另一方面，我通过做兼职工作积累了相关的经验。
②I'm not going to buy it; for one thing I don't like the color, and for another it's far too expensive.
我不准备买这个东西；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是它太贵了。
[名师指津]　on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。
2．appeal to(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；(向某人)呼吁
　?单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
②We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.
③They appeal to the public for more information on the theft.
?一句多译
作者向我们呼吁要对动物更加友好。
④The author appeals to us to be more kind to animals.(appeal v．)
⑤The author makes an appeal to us to be more kind to animals.(appeal n．)
[归纳法记牢]
(1)appeal to sb. for sth.　 　 为某事向某人呼吁或请求
appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
3．介词短语位于句首的完全倒装
　[教材原句]　Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。
用法规则 (1)out, in, down, up, away, here, there, now, then, next等表示方位和时间的副词位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。(3)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子用完全倒装。(4)代词such位于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。
注意事项 在第一、二种情况中，若主语是代词，则不用倒装。如：Out he rushed on hearing the noise.他一听到响声就跑了出去。
[针对训练]　补全句子
①There stands an old temple on the top of the hill.
在山顶上有一座古庙。
②Into the dark apartment walked David, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
③Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.
一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
④Such is our lively city, which you are welcome to visit at your convenience.
这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，欢迎来参观。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession (possess) of a valid ticket before boarding.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting (adopt) the sport.
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor (predict) of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind.
5．(2020·江苏高考)Why do such documentaries about China appeal to foreigners
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Another way of setting realistic (realise) goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
7．(2019·北京高考)Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming (aim)to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The exhibition (exhibit)had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids.一群
词类活用 (2019·北京高考)All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.v.目的是；旨在
生词僻义 ①(2019·天津高考)I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.抽象的②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. 当代的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)This effort is not just a(n) 33 at being community minded — it's also a crime cutting measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.
A．glance　　　　　　　 B．attempt
C．knock D．attack
解析：选B　分析句子结构可知，此处与句子主语 effort 相对应，“at being community minded”作attempt的定语，此处的意思是说，这种努力不仅仅是一种具有社区意识的尝试。
2．(2019·天津高考)This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin 29 my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum (论坛), trying to see if anyone knew me.
A．got rid of B．made use of
C．had control of D．took possession of
解析：选D　根据语境可知Erin Smith在捡到我的钱包之后把我的驾照照片发布到网上论坛上想看看是否有人认识我。A项意为“摆脱”；B项意为“使用；利用”；C项意为“控制”；D项意为“拥有”。故选D。
3．(2019·江苏高考)Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was raised by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected consequence, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She refused to live with male cranes, and even had a 44 for killing some of them, which made it impossible for her to become a mother.
A．gift B．skill
C．concern D．reputation
解析：选D　它拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，甚至因杀死一些雄鹤而出了名，这使它不可能成为一名母亲。reputation“名声”，have a reputation for“有……的名声”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)很明显，传统的中国服装会使这个场合很有中国特色，对英国客人很有吸引力。(It is evident that ...)
It is evident that the traditional Chinese clothes will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，我说一口流利的英语，这让我可以毫无困难地与游客交流。(动词 ing形式作结果状语)
First of all, I speak English fluently, allowing me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.
3．(2017·浙江6月高考写作)我的确希望你能够加入我们之中，这是因为Green Hill是这样一个放松的好地方。(this is because ...)
I do hope that you could join us; this is because Green Hill is such a fun place to relax.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①artist　　 　 □
②design □
③feature □
④studio □
⑤technique □　 　
⑥popularity　　 　 □
⑦fascination □
⑧magnificent □
⑨architecture □
⑩appreciation □　 　
splendid　　　 □
traditional □
creative □
religious □
true to life □　 　
be located in　　　 　 □
sense of beauty □
on the other hand □
in the shape of □
be divided into □
　
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique (技能), she says.
2．(2020·浙江7月高考)Bellevue, a fast growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity (流行) around the US: intersection (十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.
3．She was in her studio (工作室) again, painting onto a large canvas.
4．That was really a splendid (美妙的) evening. It's years since I enjoyed myself so much.
5．Exciting artistic breakthroughs have recently occurred in the fields of painting, sculpture and architecture (建筑学)．
6．These magnificent (壮丽的) ancient buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboring people.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．She is well known as a fashion designer (design) in the world.
2．He provided inspiration for the work of later artists (art) including Picasso and Monet.
3．A typical picture at this time was full of religious (religion) symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God.
4．When we are in a positive state of mind, our brains become more creative (create), energetic, and effective at work.
5．I've had a lifelong fascination (fascinate) with the sea and with small boats.
6．One in three children now use technology such as iPads or mobile phones instead of the traditional (tradition) pens and paper.
7．Frescoes (壁画) are so familiar a feature of Italian churches that it is easy to take them for granted.
8．We've got cards which are drawn, printed and designed by someone locally.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Located in the east of Fujian Province, Xiamen is a coastal city with a long history.
厦门位于福建省东部，是一个具有悠久历史的沿海城市。
2．The volunteers were divided into two groups to take part in different farm work.
志愿者被分成两组，参与做不同的农活。
3．I shall certainly try to make my portraits as true to life as possible.
当然，我一定要把这些画尽量地画得逼真。
4．Do you see that cloud that's almost in the shape of a camel
你看到骆驼形状的云了吗？
5．As has been said before, art can only be responsible for the soul and the sense of beauty.
像曾经有人所说的那样：艺术只对心灵和美感负责。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Too often we have to say goodbye to our pets, but sometimes our beloved animals have to experience saying goodbye to us.Mollie the dog recently 1 this heartbreaking moment.According to The Dodo, last month, Mollie's 2 ， Ryan Jessen, suffered a brain hemorrhage (脑出血)．The 33 year old was brought to the 3 ， where doctors realized he could not be 4 .Thankfully, Ryan's family and friends had time to say 5 ， but soon they realized someone was 6 .
Ryan's family informed the hospital how 7 Mollie meant to Ryan and, 8 ， how much the dying man meant to his 9 dog.Not wanting to deny Ryan a final 10 with his best friend, the hospital agreed to let Mollie come in for a bedside 11 .
Michelle Jessen, Ryan's sister, captured (拍摄) the bittersweet reunion on video and 12 the story on Facebook.“The hospital did the 13 thing for us and allowed us to bring my brother's dog in to ‘say goodbye’ so she'd 14 why her master never came home.If you knew my brother, he really 15 his sweet dog，” she wrote in the post along with the video.
The video has made some animal lovers online 16 ， with over 6 million views since it was posted on Dec.1.While Ryan's life came to an abrupt end, his spirit will 17 in the adoring dog he put so much love and care into and she 18 as a comfort to his sad family.“We are sincerely touched and encouraged by others' stories, their sharing in our 19 and the kindness of so many people，” Ryan's sister added in her post.“Don't worry about the dog! We're 20 her! She's part of the family.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。瑞安突然脑出血，无法救治。他的家人得到医院的允许让瑞安深爱的小狗和瑞安做最后的道别。
1．A.waited for　　　　　　　 B．went through
C．looked forward to D．cared about
解析：选B　根据上文“...sometimes our beloved animals have to experience saying goodbye to us”可知，有时我们深爱的动物也会经历和我们说再见(的时刻)。再结合下文的叙述可知，名字为Mollie的小狗最近就经历了这样令人心碎的时刻。
2．A.owner B．teacher
C．neighbor D．doctor
解析：选A　根据第三段中的“Why her master never came home.”可知，Ryan Jessen是小狗Mollie的主人。
3．A.park B．garden
C．hospital D．factory
解析：选C　根据上文“Ryan Jessen, suffered a brain hemorrhage.”及下文“where doctors realized...”及第二段中的“Ryan's family informed the hospital...”可知，Ryan Jessen患脑出血。医生意识到……Ryan的家人告诉医院．..由此可知，Ryan Jessen被送到了医院。
4．A.trusted B．changed
C．forgotten D．saved
解析：选D　根据第二段中的“...the dying man...”及最后一段中的“...Ryan's life came to an abrupt end”可知，Ryan Jessen的生命突然走到了终点。由此可知，医生意识到Ryan Jessen无法得救了。
5．A.hi B．yes
C．no D．goodbye
解析：选D　根据第二段中的“...the dying man ...”可知，Ryan Jessen是个将死之人。再根据第一段中的“... say goodbye to ...”及第三段中的“bring my brother's dog in to‘say goodbye’”可知，幸运的是，Ryan的家人和朋友有时间与他道别。
6．A.struggling B．missing
C．following D．crying
解析：选B　根据第二段中的“the hospital agreed to let Mollie come in ...”可知，医院允许让Ryan的小狗Mollie前来与他道别。故可知，Ryan的家人和朋友都有时间和他道别，但是他们很快就意识到Ryan的小狗Mollie却不在。
7．A.serious B．much
C．strange D．terrible
解析：选B　小狗Mollie对Ryan来说有多么重要。下文“how much the dying man meant to his 9 dog”也给出了提示。
8．A.in turn B．such as
C．in short D．of course
解析：选A　Ryan的家人告知小狗Mollie 对于将死的Ryan来说有多么重要，反过来，Ryan对小狗Mollie来说也是很重要的。
9．A.selfish B．aggressive
C．lost D．faithful
解析：选D　小狗Mollie对主人Ryan来说很重要。故可知，小狗对主人是很忠诚的。
10．A.meal B．moment
C．play D．walk
解析：选B　根据下文“the hospital agreed to let Mollie come in ...”可知，不想拒绝这是Ryan和他最好的朋友小狗Mollie待在一起的最后时刻。医院允许小狗Mollie 来到Ryan的床边。
11．A.check B．visit
C．talk D．treatment
解析：选B　根据上文可知，Ryan就要去世了，医院允许小狗Mollie来到Ryan的床边看望他。
12．A.repeated B．read
C．shared D．remembered
解析：选C　Ryan的妹妹Michelle Jessen把这苦乐参半的团聚(画面)录成视频，并在脸书上分享了他们的故事。
13．A.worst B．last
C．sweetest D．basic
解析：选C　根据上文及下文“...allowed us to bring my brother's dog in to say ‘goodbye’”可知，医院允许小狗Mollie去见她的主人Ryan最后一面。故可知，Ryan的家人认为这是医院为他们做的最甜美的事情。
14．A.know B．wonder
C．suppose D．remember
解析：选A　医院允许小狗Mollie去和Ryan道别，这样她就知道为什么她的主人Ryan再也没有回来。
15．A.disliked B．loved
C．ignored D．bore
解析：选B　根据最后一段中的“...adoring dog he put so much love and care into...”可知，Ryan真的深爱着他的可爱狗狗。
16．A.angry B．comfortable
C．proud D．moved
解析：选D　根据第三段第一句可知，Ryan的妹妹Michelle Jessen把这苦乐参半的团聚(画面)录成视频，并在脸书上 了他们的故事。故可知，这个视频让一些在线的动物爱好者深受感动。
17．A.pick up B．catch on
C．live on D．turn out
解析：选C　虽然Ryan去世了，但是他热爱小动物的精神将会继续下去。live on原义是“靠……生活”，在这里意为“继续存在”。
18．A.serves B．accepts
C．uses D．looks
解析：选A　根据上下文可知，虽然Ryan去世了，但是小狗Mollie(的存在)对他悲伤的家人来说起到了安慰作用。
19．A.happiness B．weakness
C．dream D．sadness
解析：选D　根据上文“his sad family”可知，Ryan的妹妹将她哥哥与小狗Mollie的视频分享到网络。面对Ryan的突然去世，Ryan的家人肯定是悲伤的。故可知，其他人用善良分担了他们一家的悲伤。
20．A.throwing B．keeping
C．comforting D．training
解析：选B　根据上下文“Don't worry about the dog！...‘She's part of the family.’”可知，不必担心小狗。Mollie是他们家庭的一员。故可知，Ryan去世后，他的家人会把Mollie当成家庭的一员，饲养她。keep意为“饲养”。
tips 完形填空之利用“熟词生义”解题
在完形填空的选项中，还常常考查一些词的熟词生义。这些词除了我们常见的词义外，在一些特定语境中，又出现了新的意义，即熟词生义。如果对这类词的常见意义掌握得不够全面，会给考生在解答完形填空时带来很大的干扰，导致错选或误选。尤其值得注意的是：近两年高考在完形填空中考查熟词生义有加大的趋势。要避免因熟词生义产生的错误，最重要的是平时的积累，及对语篇中具体语境的把握。
例如上文第17和第20题考查的知识点即为熟词生义。第17题，live on原义是“靠……生活”，在这里意为“继续存在”；第20题，keep常用义为“保持”，在这里意为“饲养”。　　　
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Jane Eyre was published in 1847. It is not just a romance novel, but an educational story. Women can learn so much from this great Victorian heroine. This is not to suggest that Jane doesn't have shortcomings. 1
You can overcome your past, however bad it is. Jane Eyre is made miserable as a child by her horrible relatives. 2 He constantly reminds her that she's an orphan (孤儿). But she learns a lot about letting go when she is sent to a boarding school and makes friends with Helen.
3 Jane notes, “The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth.” If Jane hadn't been brave, she might have returned to the cruel woman who raised her.
Don't be afraid to express your mind. She is not scared to voice her opinions when necessary. It is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger. 4
Be positive. When Jane is younger, she has a tendency to feel sorry for herself. 5 But as she gets older, she learns to be happy despite her past.
A．Her life is miserable.
B．You can decide your life.
C．Her cousin, John, is the worst.
D．Talking helps heal relationships as well.
E．The possibilities for life are endless for those who take risks.
F．Still, there's much to be learned from the way she chooses to live.
G．It is weak and silly to say you can't bear what it is your fate to be required to bear.
语篇解读：《简·爱》不仅仅是一部爱情小说，也是一个具有教育意义的故事。文章介绍了我们可以从中学到的一些东西。
1．选F　根据上文“This is not to suggest that Jane doesn't have shortcomings.”以及下文开始介绍我们可以学到的道理可知，前后为转折关系，故F项“我们仍然可以从她选择的生活方式中学到很多东西”符合语境。F项中的Still意为“仍然”，表转折关系。
2．选C　根据下文“He constantly reminds her that she's an orphan (孤儿)．”可知，本句应出现He所指代的人物。故C项“她的表哥约翰是最差劲的”符合语境。
3．选E　根据下文“Jane notes, ‘The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth.’”可知，对于那些冒险的人来说，生活的可能性是无穷无尽的。故选E项。
4．选D　根据上文“It is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger.”可知，说出自己所想很重要。故D项“谈话也有助于治愈关系”承接上文。故选D项。
5．选A　根据设空处前一句“When Jane is younger, she has a tendency to feel sorry for herself.”可知，A项“她生活悲惨”承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·广州调研)A few years ago, after a long morning of sightseeing in New York, my children and I took a rest on a park bench in Central Park.
“Look！” my son said, 1 (point) to a nearby rubbish bin. That's when we saw a raccoon (浣熊). Quite feeling at home in the big city, he paid us no attention, concentrating only on finding a 2 (taste) lunch. He sorted through a few options before coming out with a wrapped sandwich 3 (hold) between his paws.
4 (surprise), rather than run away, he jumped down and walked casually to a spot on the path, not a metre from 5 we sat. The children were spellbound, as the raccoon was providing better 6 (entertain) than any museum. He glanced at us, perhaps checking to see 7 we were about to steal his lunch.
8 delicate fingers, he peeled back the layer of plastic wrap until the half eaten sandwich 9 (uncover)．
Then he surprised us all. Instead of starting eating his food, he turned to a nearby pool of water and 10 (dip) his paws in it. With a casual air, he rubbed his paws together underwater for a moment, brushed his fur, and then started gracefully picking at his meal.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者与孩子们几年前遇见一只浣熊的经历。
1．pointing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词point与句子的谓语动词said之间没有连词，且point与其逻辑主语my son之间为主谓关系，所以用其现在分词形式作状语。
2．tasty　考查形容词。此处修饰名词lunch，需用其形容词形式，所以填tasty“美味的”。
3．held　考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，hold和其逻辑主语a wrapped sandwich之间是动宾关系，故此处应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。
4．Surprisingly　考查副词。句意：令人吃惊的是，它没有跑开，而是跳下来然后漫不经心地走到路上的一个地点，它离我们坐的地方不到一米。根据句意可知，此处应用其副词形式Surprisingly修饰整个句子。
5．where　考查名词性从句。句意参见上题解析。根据句意并结合句子结构可知，此处应用where引导宾语从句，作介词from的宾语。
6．entertainment　考查名词。根据空前的“better”可推知，此处应填其名词形式entertainment，意为“娱乐”，是不可数名词。
7．if/whether　考查名词性从句。句意：它看了我们一眼，也许是想查看我们是否打算偷它的午餐。根据空前的“see”，并结合句意可知，此处应用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句，作及物动词see的宾语。
8．With　考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，意为“用”，故填With。
9．was uncovered　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：它用纤细的手指剥去塑料包装层，直到未吃完的三明治露了出来。根据该句中的“peeled back”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且sandwich与uncover之间为被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．dipped　考查动词的时态。阅读全文可知，本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，且根据空前的“turned to”和并列连词“and”可知，此处用一般过去时。
tips 语法填空之考查名词性从句
(1)首先分析空处所在句的句子结构，如果所填词引导的从句在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，则为名词性从句。
(2)当确定为名词性从句后，可根据连接词在从句中所作的成分来确定合适的连接词。如果连接词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用连接代词；如果作状语，则用连接副词；如果不作成分，则考虑用that，whether或if。
例如上文第7 题，从句不缺成分，根据语境可知，此处应用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句。　　　
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21Unit 2 Poems
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．tick vt.　　　　　　　　　 给……标记号
2．repetition n. 重复；反复；循环
3．contradictory adj. 引起矛盾的；好反驳的
4．rhythmic adj. 有节奏的；有规律的
5．minimum n. 最低限度；最少量；最小数
6．diploma n. 毕业文凭；学位证书
7．compass n. 指南针；罗盘；(复数)圆规
8．bride n. 新娘
9．bridegroom n. 新郎
第二组：写其形
1．convey vt. 传达；运送
2．flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
3．pattern n. 模式；式样；图案
4．branch n. 枝条；支流；部门
5．eventually adv. 最后；终于
6．forever adv. 永远
7．exchange n. 交换；交流；互换
　　　 vt.&vi. 调换；交换
8．sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者
vt. 发起；举办；倡议
9．blank n. 空白
adj. 空白的；茫然的
10．load n. 负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
11．concrete adj. 具体的
12．tease vi.& vt. 取笑；招惹；戏弄
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐；食盐
2．endless adj.无穷的；无止境的→end n．&v.终止；结束→ending n．结尾；结局
3．translation n．翻译；译文→translate v．翻译→translator n．译员；翻译家
4．transform vi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换→transformation n．转化；转换；变换；改变
5．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；懊悔→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲痛的
6．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的→appropriateness n．适当；适合→appropriately adv.适当地；合适地
7．championship n．冠军称号→champion n．冠军
8．darkness n．黑暗；漆黑→dark adj.黑暗的
9．warmth n．暖和；温暖→warm adj.暖和的；温暖的
10．scholarship n．奖学金；学问；学术成就→scholar n．学者
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．make sense 讲得通；有意义
2．in particular 尤其；特别
3．be made up of 由……构成
4．take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
5．take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
6．run out of 用完
7．at the bottom of 在……的底部
8．have fun 玩得高兴
9．hold on 别挂断；继续
10．by oneself 独自地；独立地
11．try out 测试；试验；尝试
12．let out 发出；放走；泄露
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reasons
悟原句 There are various reasons why people write poetry.
背佳句 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)The reason why I am writing to apply for the volunteer job is that I have the following advantages.
2．while意为“然而”，表示两者之间的对照
悟原句 Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C)．
背佳句 (2020·浙江7月高考)My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself.
3．“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构
悟原句 With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
背佳句 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Moreover, with the gymnasium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which table tennis, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.
1. ship后缀高频名词一览
①scholarship　 奖学金；学问
②championship 冠军称号
③leadership 领导地位
④relationship 关系
⑤hardship 苦难
⑥membership 成员资格
⑦friendship 友谊
2.“取笑与愚弄”面面观
①tease v．　　 取笑；戏弄
②laugh at 嘲笑
③play the fool with 愚弄
④make fun of 取笑
⑤make a fool/joke of 愚弄
⑥play a trick/tricks on 捉弄
3.“v.＋out”短语集锦
①let out　 发出；放走；泄露
②leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
③bring out 阐明；使显示；出版
④make out 理解；辨认出
⑤pick out 挑出；辨认出
⑥figure out 理解；弄清楚
4.“坚持”短语面面观
①hold on 坚持；忍受(不及物)
②stick to 坚持；粘住(及物)
③insist on　 坚持(及物)
④persist in 坚持；固执于(及物)
⑤go/keep on 坚持；继续下去(及物)
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded (load) with information in many formats (载体形式).
2．In everyday communication, information conveyed (convey) by gestures is often misinterpreted.
3．The water tastes salty. Can we get some salt from it？(salty)
4．Yesterday, I read a story whose ending is pleasant. The prince killed the monster and saved the princess in the end.(endless)
5．Some students feel that exchanging (exchange) gifts can make more friends and expand their network of friends.
6．It is a surprise that the faraway village has been transformed (transform) into a famous tourist city in the last few years.
7．With the boy leading (lead) the way, we found the house easily the day before yesterday.
8．It was dark in the room and we couldn't see much at first, but after a few minutes our eyes got used to the darkness.(dark)
9．We had many difficulties at first, but eventually (eventual) we succeeded.
10．We should use our schedule flexibly (flexible) to balance our academic and spare time.
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．Do remember not to let out the news.It's between you and me.
2．This passage just didn't make sense to me, no matter how I read it.
3．It will not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.
4．Try out the new medicine for a year and we'll see how well it works.
5．I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.
6．The whole meal was good and the wine in particular was excellent.
7．They ran out of money and had to abandon the project.
8．About five percent of the U．S. population is made up of American Indians.
9．(2020·浙江7月高考)I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.
10．Richard offered to help do the housework in exchange of room and board here in the coming week.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．convey/express
①I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.
②Really, I hardly know how to express my gratitude.
2．finally/eventually
①I am sure that we'll succeed eventually.
②He finally arrived to join us.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．It is not appropriate that a student should wear long hair and strange clothes. 适当的
2．He seemed to be in a contradictory mood, saying the opposite of whatever I said. 对立的
3．They are willing to be flexible on a few points. 可变通的
4．①Mr. Smith works in an executive branch of the government. 部门
②We have over 400 branches nationwide. 分店
③This is one of the branches of the Roosevelt family. 家族分支
5．He expressed his sorrow for what he had done. 懊悔
6．①He had a blank expression on his face. 无表情的；漠然的
②He looked blank.“I don't quite follow, sir.” 茫然的；迷茫的
③We could put some of the pictures on that blank wall over there. 无装饰的；空的
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。(while)
Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
2．人们常常理所当然地认为他们能看清事物而盲人则看不清。(take ... for granted)
People often take it for granted that they can see things while the blind can not.
3．这种情况发生的原因可能有许多。(why引导的定语从句)
There are many possible reasons why this has happened.
4．有这么多人每天用英语交流，精通英语将会变得越来越重要。(with复合结构)
With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
1．convey vt.传达；表达；运送
convey ... (to sb.)　　　 (向某人)表达/传递/传达……
convey to sb. for ... 因……向某人表达……
convey ... from A to B 把……从A处运到B处
[演绎法练通]　单句语法填空
①In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your help.
②Your luggage will be conveyed from the airport to your hotel.
③They took a more reasonable approach, conveying (convey) to their children how success at school could improve their lives.
④The message conveyed (convey) to us here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”
2．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
(1)be appropriate to/for　　　　 适用于；切合
It＋be appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的
It＋be appropriate that sb. (should) do sth. 某人做某事是合适的
(2)appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①It is not appropriate to ask (ask) such personal questions in an interview.
②For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately (appropriate) to the user.
③Sports clothes are not appropriate to/for a formal wedding.
?补全句子
④As for me, I don't think it is appropriate that parents (should) quit/give up their jobs in order to provide better conditions for their children.
就我来说，我认为父母为了给孩子提供更好的条件而放弃工作是不合适的。
3．exchange n．交换；交流；互换vt.& vi.调换；交换
(1)in exchange (for ...)　　　　 作为交换(……)
make an exchange 交换
an exchange student 交换生
(2)exchange ...for ... 用……交换……
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
[名师指津]　exchange和change作动词时，前者强调双方交换，而后者则强调事物的属性或位置的改变。
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's accommodation.
②We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.
③Could you please help me to exchange this shirt for a bigger one
?选词填空(exchange/change)
④I don't know how to communicate with her. Maybe it's because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
⑤Most people hold the belief that education can change one's fate.
4．load n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的) v．装载；加载；把(某物)装入(设备)
[辨析法理清]
　辨清楚 写出下列句中load的含义①His family is really a heavy load on his shoulder.负担②The lorry has to stop because its load had fallen off.负荷物③It is time to load this truck.装载④Can you load the CD into the player, please？把(某物)装入(设备)
理明白 (1)loads of＝a load of　 许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)(2)take a load off one's mind　　　打消某人的顾虑(3)load ... with ... 用……装载……
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
⑤It takes a load off my mind to leave the child in your charge.
⑥(2017·北京高考)The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
?补全句子
⑦Child as he is, he knows a load of/loads of astronomy.
尽管他是个孩子，但他知道许多天文学知识。
[联想发散]
load 装载 unload 卸下
pack 把……打包 unpack 打开(包裹等)取出
cover 覆盖；遮蔽 uncover 打开……的盖子
fold 折叠；对折 unfold 打开；张开
1. take it easy (＝take things easy)轻松；不紧张；从容
take it seriously　　　　　 认真对待；当真
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take ... for granted 认为……理所当然；想当然
[演绎法练通]
?选词填空(take it easy/take one's time)
①Take your time — it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
②—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.
—Take it easy.
?补全句子
③(2019·江苏高考)Human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
人类想当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为一个更好的向导。
2．run out of用完；用尽；用光(及物动词短语；主语常常是“人”)
run out　 用完；用光(不及物动词短语；主语常常是“物”)
give out 用尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)
use up 用完；消耗尽(及物动词短语；主语通常是人)
[演绎法练通]
?选词填空(run out/run out of/give out/use up)
①We felt exhausted, but we had to find a pool before we ran out of the water in the bottle.
②My money has run out. I must go to my parents for some.
③We were giving out and didn't want to move on.
④The petrol has been used up; the car can't move.
3．let out释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)；泄露(消息、秘密等)
　[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中let out的含义①Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy.发出②When the bird gets well, we will let it out.放走③They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism (生物) on the planet.释放④She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.泄露
理明白 let in　　　　　　 允许进入；容许；许可let alone 更不用说；更谈不上let ...down 把……放下来；使……失望
[针对训练]　单句语法填空
⑤I believe I can be a good volunteer and I won't let you down.
⑥The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
⑦He can't speak his own native language well, let alone English.
4．why引导的定语从句
　[教材原句]　There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人们写诗有着各种各样的原因。
用法规则 (1)reason后常常使用why引导的定语从句，意为“……的原因”(2)the reason why ... is that ...……的原因是……
注意事项 当reason在句中作定语从句的宾语时，先行词用that或which，或者省略关系代词。如：The reason (that/which) he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before.
[针对训练]　补全句子
①There are various reasons why they want to do part time jobs.
他们想做兼职工作有着各种各样的原因。
②The reason why he failed the English exam was that he didn't learn it well.
他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。
5．with复合结构
　[教材原句]　With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们也许最终想自己作诗了。
用法规则 with复合结构：(1)with＋宾语＋to do (表示将来的动作)(2)with＋宾语＋doing (表示主动或进行)(3)with＋宾语＋done (表示被动或完成)(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
注意事项 with复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可以作定语，如：The man with a book under his arm is our beloved teacher.
[针对训练]　
?单句语法填空
①With a guide to show (show) us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time.
②With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved, we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③With more and more forests damaged (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
?补全句子
④(2020·浙江7月高考)由于社区里没有与我同龄的孩子，我只能自己玩。
With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)His friends teased (tease) him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches (branch)．
3．(2020·天津5月高考)Fortunately, there's plenty of that happening right now, particularly (particular) the short haul flights powered by batteries.
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Are you hoping that eventually (eventual) you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs
5．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth (warm), but also its darker side of society.
6．(2020·江苏高考)As darkness (dark) came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter of fact way ...
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In an online class, developing healthy patterns (pattern) of communication with professors is very important.
8．(2018·浙江6月高考)Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm based society into an industrial power.
9．(2017·江苏高考)He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship (scholar) because of his academic background.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2018·江苏高考)The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.分支②(2014·福建高考)As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.混凝土
词类活用 (2017·浙江11月高考)Finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases, books, games, camping equipment, and a tent into the car and bravely drove off. v. 装上；装入
生词僻义 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to circumstances.可变动的②(2019·北京高考)Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.图案
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her money. The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 20 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about ￡31,000.
A．eventually　　　　　　 B．frequently
C．previously D．occasionally
解析：选A　根据空格前的“The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning”可知，这位老妇人每天早晨都会收到一个陌生人的电话，最终让老妇人相信他是她的朋友，然后骗走了老妇人的钱。
2．(2018·浙江高考)Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work done.
A．hanging out B．staying up
C．jogging round D．showing off
解析：选B　因为把功课一直往后推，所以最后只能熬夜(stay up)。hang out“出去闲逛”；jog round“在周围慢跑”；show off“炫耀”。
3．(2012·湖北高考)“You can't leave the back part 47 ，” noted Mr. Johnson. He fixed a metal box with buttons behind the seat, and said, “Is there anything better than this oven when you feel hungry on your way？”
A．loose B．blank
C．bare D．incomplete
解析：选C　根据语境可知，该句意为：你不能让后座部位空着。C项意为“空的；无遮蔽的”，符合语意。A项意为“松散的”；B项意为“空白的”；D项意为“未完成的”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你来参加即将到来的庆祝活动，我们也欢迎你表演。(省略if的倒装虚拟条件句)
Should you attend the upcoming celebration, you would be welcome to give performances as well.
2．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)校服很正式，而传统的中国服装可能看起来更漂亮和时尚。(while并列连词)
The school uniforms are formal while the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish.
3．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)因此，无论什么时候购物，都要再考虑一下这些排名。(whenever)
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.
4．(2017·浙江高考写作)但是手里没有工具，他们不敢和狼搏斗。(with复合结构)
But with no tools in their hands, they didn't dare to fight with the wolf.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
　
①publish　 　 □
②fiction □
③myth □
④legend □
⑤chapter □　
⑥character　　 　 □
⑦background □
⑧biography □
⑨masterpiece □
⑩production □　
description　 　 □
adaptation □
inspiration □
original □
musical □　
a series of　　　　　　　　 □
be set in □
behind the scene □
have a particular interest in □
in exchange for □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The reporter intimated to me that he would publish (发表) the story.
2．This chapter concerns itself with the historical background (背景)．
3．Legend (传说) has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan.
4．Reading her biography (传记), I was lost in admiration for what she had achieved in literature.
5．She would only play a role if she could identify with the character (角色)．
6．The play was built up to be a masterpiece (杰作) but I found it very disappointing.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．India's myths and songs are the inspiration (inspire) for her books.
2．These forests were originally (orginal) cut down in the 19th century.
3．We have a number of musical (music) talent in this school.
4．The prize was given in appreciation (appreciate)of the contribution made by the school under his leadership.
5．He gave a detailed description (describe) of the house.
6．We expect to maintain the production (produce) of cars at the same level as last year.
7．I bought my son an adaptation (adapt) for children of a play by Shakespeare.
8．In his latest collection of poems readers are confronted with a series of reflections on life.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．The story is set in the autumn of 1960.
故事发生在1960年秋天。
2．Since childhood, she has a particular interest in reading.
她自幼特别爱好读书。
3．I will teach you Chinese in exchange for your teaching me English.
我教你汉语，作为交换条件，你得教我英语。
4．Thanks. But I do feel the credit should go to those who work behind the scene.
多谢夸奖，不过我的确觉得这个荣誉应该归功于那些幕后工作人员。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down. When the Greeks first started the Olympics, they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.
Now, poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud National Recitation Contest, performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to school wide contests, and then they competed in city and state competitions. Finally, the 50 state champions, along with the District of Columbia champion, came to Washington, D．C., last week for the ultimate showdown. After the 51 champions competed against one another, 12 went on to the finals. Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem. The overall champ, Jackson Hille, a high school senior from Ohio, won a $20,000 scholarship.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on a page.
It's not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It's the tone of voice, the pauses, the gestures, and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life. “Each time we hear somebody recite a poem, we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it，” says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon, master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listener.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience, memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public speaking skills that can help them for life.
语篇解读：诗歌仅仅在书上阅读是远远不够的，通过朗诵和聆听，同一首诗歌会给人带来全新的感受。
1．From the first paragraph, we can know .
A．the Greeks were the first to write pomes
B．the Olympics used to start with poem reciting
C．poems were spread orally in the past
D．athletes were asked to recite poems before competing
解析：选C　推理判断题。从第一段中的第一句可知，在很早以前诗歌只是口头朗诵的，故可知当时诗歌的传播方式为口头传授，故选C。
2．How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington, D. C．？
A．Three.　　　　　　　 B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
解析：选B　细节理解题。从第三段的介绍中可知，参赛者经过在班里、在学校，然后在市里和州里的比赛后，才来到华盛顿进行比赛。故B项正确。
3．According to the passage, hearing a poem recited by different people can .
A．bring a new life to listeners
B．help listeners find their interest
C．make listeners learn the words
D．offer something new to listeners
解析：选D　细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的叙述中可知，朗诵诗歌可以给听者带来新的感受。故选D。
4．One benefit the participants get from poem recitation competitions is that they can .
A．become skilled in speaking in public
B．write good poems themselves
C．change their attitudes towards life
D．make friends with many great poets
解析：选A　细节理解题。从文章最后一句话可知，参赛者通过参加诗词背诵比赛可以学会在公共场合说话的技巧。故A项正确。
B
What's the point in dining out when we can have whatever meal we want delivered to our homes as we watch movies on our giant flat screen TVs According to statistics from Technomic, 86% of consumers are using off premise (非经营场所的) channels at least once a month, and a third of consumers are using it more than they did a year ago.
Most restaurant companies are chasing these trends simply to keep up with quickly changing consumer demands. Fazoli's has spent the past two years investing in its drive through, carryout, catering and delivery businesses, and has launched a new loyalty app aimed at making carryout orders easier. These efforts have paid off so far — off premise sales are up 18.5% over last year for the company, said Jennifer Crawford, director of off premise sales at Fazoli's.
But, she notes that sales aren't the only benefit to giving priority to these channels. “The off premise channel is a great opportunity to communicate and connect with a new consumer group，” Crawford said. “Many of our off premise guests have not dined in a Fazoli's or experienced our menu. With options like third party delivery and online ordering, we have the capability to tap into potential new guests.”
Sales lifts and new customer potential are great rewards, to be sure. But that doesn't mean carrying out off premise channels comes without challenges. Crawford said a big one is the lack of control and maintaining the guest relationship. “When a guest dines in, we can provide a level of service that improves the consumer dining experience，” she said. The lack of control extends into the digital experience, as third party apps can also be an issue. “Orders are not often processed properly due to the drop down menus and default (默认) orders in third party software，” Crawford said. She adds that staffing issues can also arise when heavy delivery periods overlap strong in restaurant traffic and maintaining food quality and integrity (完整) during drive time is tricky with certain dishes.
Nevertheless, Crawford believes the juice is very much worth the squeeze. “Across the industry, dine in traffic continues to decline or remain flat. If brands are not driving sales through catering, carryout and delivery, they are missing out on income，” she said.
语篇解读：本文讲述了在外卖兴起的时代，餐饮业的应对措施和面临的挑战。
5．Why does Fazoli's invest in off premise channels
A．Because it wants to see the potential of its consumers.
B．Because it wants to keep up with the latest technical changes.
C．Because it wants to survive in the changing consumer landscape.
D．Because it wants to communicate and connect with its new consumers.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，很多餐馆为了追赶上顾客迅猛变化的需求，都开始为顾客提供非店内就餐的渠道，Fazoli's饭店也是其中之一。故选C。
6．We can know from Paragraph 4 that .
A．it is challenging to maintain quality and integrity of dishes during delivery
B．third party apps cannot offer as good an experience of ordering as restaurants
C．third party apps may get out of control when consumers experience online ordering
D．during heavy delivery periods, more staff is always needed to deal with busy dine in traffic
解析：选B　细节理解题。由第四段可知，在店里就餐，饭店可以提供能够提升就餐体验的服务。由于第三方软件中的the drop down menus和default orders而经常无法正确处理顾客订单。故选B。
7．What is Crawford's attitude towards off premise channels
A．Cautious.　　　　　　　 B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous. D．Favorable.
解析：选D　观点态度题。由第五段第一句可知Crawford认为拓展非店内就餐渠道虽然会带来一些挑战，但是会获得更大的收益，因此还是非常值得的。Crawford对于拓展饭店外卖渠道是赞同的。因此选D。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．What challenges off premise channels create.
B．How restaurants are adapting to the rise of takeout.
C．Why restaurants are prioritizing off premise channels.
D．How important off premise channels are for restaurants.
解析：选B　主旨大意题。文章以Fazoli's饭店为例讲述了餐饮业如何适应顾客新兴的外卖需求。故选B。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Sheila, a exchange student from Ireland, is a good friend of mine, who has studied in my school since she came to China three months later.But he had not studied Chinese before she arrived here.So she had some difficulty communicate with people at the beginning of this term.However, Sheila works very hardly.She get up early every morning to study a bit before class.Now she has made great progresses.I admire her independence while she lives so far away her family.I'm not sure that whether I could do the same thing if I am in her position.
答案：第一句：第一个a→an; later→ago
第二句：he→she
第三句：communicate→communicating
第四句：hardly→hard
第五句：get→gets
第六句：progresses→progress
第七句：away后加from
第八句：去掉that; in前的am→were
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Jane打算七月来中国，特来信了解中国的社交习俗。请你用英语写一封回信。从以下几个方面给出建议：
1．见面时的问候方式；
2．对赞美的回答方式；
3．接收礼物时的回应方式；
4．餐饮礼节。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear Jane，
I'm glad to hear from you and you are welcome to China in July. The followings are some Chinese social customs.
Firstly, we greet each other by saying “Hello！”or asking such questions as “Where are you going？” or “Are you busy？”．Secondly, when praised, we reply with “Oh, no！” or “I'm overpraised.” to show good manners. Next, when receiving a gift, we usually say “It's unnecessary.” in addition to “Thanks！” to show politeness and then put it away. Finally, at dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses when drinking to someone's health or success to show that we're warm.Anyhow, there are different customs in different cultures. If you follow the proverb “Do as the Romans do when in Rome.”， you'll enjoy more of your stay here.
I hope what's mentioned above will be helpful and I am really looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
19Unit 3 A healthy life
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．cigarette n．　　　　　　　 香烟；纸烟
2．adolescent n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
3．adolescence n. 青春期
4．bad tempered adj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
5．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
6．packet n. 小包；小盒
7．comprehension n. 理解(力)
8．resolve n. 决心；决定
9．abortion n. 流产；中途失败
10．obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
第二组：写其形
1．abuse n．& vt. 滥用；虐待
2．ban vt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
3．due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
4．tough adj. 困难的；强硬的
5．quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开
6．effect n. 结果；效力
7．withdrawal n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
8．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
9．prejudice n. 偏见；成见
10．judgement n. 看法；判决；判断
11．embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
12．awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．stress n．压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
2．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addiction n．上瘾；沉溺；嗜好→addict vt.使上瘾 n．有瘾的人
3．breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breath n．呼吸→breathe v．呼吸
4．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
5．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
6．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上
7．unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的→fit adj.健康的；合适的→fitness n．健康
8．strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strength n．力气；力量；强项
9．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
10．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n．羞耻；羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的
11．relaxation n．放松；松弛→relax v．使放松→relaxed adj.轻松的→relaxing adj.令人放松的
12．weaken vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱 vt.(使)变弱→weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n．弱点
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．due to 由于……
2．addicted to 对……有瘾
3．accustomed to 习惯于……
4．decide on 对……作出决定
5．feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
6．over and over again 再三地；反复地
7．make up one's mind 下定决心
8．instead of 代替；而不是
9．in spite of 不顾；不管；尽管
10．take risks (a risk) 冒险
11．get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
12．at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．as引导非限制性定语从句
悟原句 As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
背佳句 (2019·江苏高考书面表达)As we know, the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money, and extra time.
2．①“do＋动词原形”的强调结构　②“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”结构
悟原句 I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
背佳句 Although Tom was as heavy a smoker as me, he did give up smoking last year.
3．while省略句
悟原句 Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.
背佳句 (2020·浙江1月高考) Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else.
1.否定前缀un 高频形容词一览
①unfit　　　　　 不合适的
②unfair 不公平的
③unfortunate 不幸的
④uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑤unimportant 不重要的
⑥uncertain 不确定的
2.性格多变，让人难以捉摸
①bad tempered　 脾气暴躁的
②sweet tempered 性情温和的
③kind hearted 好心的
④open minded 虚心的
⑤strong willed 意志坚强的
⑥narrow minded 心胸狭窄的
3.“因为；由于”荟萃
①due to　　 由于；因为
②because of 由于；因为
③owing to 由于；因为
④thanks to 多亏；由于
⑤on account of 由于
4.get into相关短语面面观
①get into debt　 负债累累
②get into trouble 陷入困境
③get into a panic 陷入恐慌
④get into a habit 养成习惯
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Being addicted (addict) to computer games can be harmful to the young people in many ways.
2．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it's hard and stressful (stress)．
3．The exercises are designed to strengthen (strengthen) your muscles.
4．Professor Smith is due to give (give) us a lecture at eight tomorrow morning.
5．After living there for one year, they have been accustomed to working (work) there.
6．I was once ashamed to admit (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
7．Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective (effect) ways to improve our English.
8．I was disappointed to see (see) what had happened.
9．Doing some exercise earlier in the day should make you feel physically as well as mentally (mental) energetic.
10．Just quit complaining (complain). What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．If you take the risk of drunk driving, you are at risk.
2．In spite of the fact that he was not a trained economist, his achievements were remarkable.
3．I am accustomed to getting up early and taking an hour's walk before breakfast.
4．Tom feels like being a cook because he thinks cooking delicious food for others is interesting and happy.
5．Generally speaking, boys are addicted to playing computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
6．Due to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
7．—How do you find Qingdao, Mary
—It's a beautiful seaside city. I have decided on it for my next holiday.
8．Mr. Bean constantly gets into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless of their nationalities and culture.
9．It's reported that passengers are banned from eating and drinking on subway trains.
10．Fathers have an enormous effect on their children's personalities and chances of marital happiness.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．teenager/adolescent
①As a teenager, he attended Tulse Hill Senior High School.
②It is important that an adolescent boy should have an adult with whom he can communicate.
2．effect/affect
①Her opinion will not affect my decision.
②The advertising campaign didn't have much effect on sales.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．①He tends to put the stress on the wrong words. 重读；重音
②Japanese car makers are laying ever more stress on European sales. 强调；重要性
2．To give Linda her due, she tried very hard. 应得之物
3．He was a tough mountaineer with determination and ambition. 坚韧不拔的
4．He quit his job as an office boy in Athens. 放弃；辞去
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．正像我们在上面的材料中所看到的那样，交通问题仍然是一个大问题。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
As we can see from the materials above, the traffic issue is still a big problem.
2．还在上小学时，他就已经表现出令人赞叹的表演天赋。(while省略句)
While still at primary school, he had already shown admirable acting talent.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我的确希望你能和我一起参观这个剪纸展览。(用强调结构)
I do hope that you can visit the paper cutting exhibition with me.
4．这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过俭朴的生活。[as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as]
The young man hopes to live as simple a life as his grandpa.
5．他是如此紧张以至于能听到自己的心在狂跳。(so ... that)
He was so nervous that he could hear his heart beating wildly.
1．stress n．压力；重音；强调；重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读
(1)under stress　　　　　　　 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物的重要性
(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 有压力的；紧张的(指物)
stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的(指人)
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be bad tempered and get angry easily.
②It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society.
③Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
?一句多译
(2019·北京高考书面表达)他强调了用我们自己的双手工作的重要性。
④He stressed the importance of working with our own hands.(stress v．)
⑤He laid/put stress on working with our own hands. (stress n．)
2．due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的；应付的；应有的；应得的
[辨析法理清]
　辨清楚 写出下列句中due的含义①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.应得的②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预定的③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的④When it comes to giving due respect to the old people, she feels a bit uneasy.应有的
理明白 due to　　　　　　 由于；因为；归因于be due to do sth. 预定做某事be due to sb. 应付给/给予某人be due for sth. 应用某物；应得到某物
[联想发散]　表示“由于；因为”的其他短语：on account of；because of; as a result of等。
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
⑤A great deal of money is due to you; please give me your bank account.
⑥It is said that the spaceship is due to arrive (arrive) three days later.
?补全句子
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
它确实指出许多家长仍限制电子阅读，主要是因为担心屏幕时间增加。
3．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
(2)addiction n．　　　　　 上瘾；沉溺；嗜好
addict n. 有瘾的人
addictive adj. 使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Many kids are addicted to playing (play) computer games, so they have lost interest in study.
②If you addict yourself (you) to your study, you can achieve your goal.
③I discovered an addiction (addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
?补全句子
④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
得知你沉迷于乒乓球，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。
[名师指津]　“addict; addicted; addiction”等在表示“沉迷于/热衷于……”时，都和介词to连用。
4．accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
(2)accustom vt.　　　 使习惯于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
②Accustoming himself to living (live) in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
?翻译句子
③他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围(strong academic atmosphere)和丰富多彩的活动。
He quickly got accustomed/accustomed himself to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.
[联想发散]　含有介词to的其他常用动词短语：
①devote oneself to　　　 献身于；致力于
②get down to 开始认真做
③give way to 对……让步
④lead to 导致；通向
⑤object to 反对
⑥stick to 坚持
5．effect n．结果；效力；影响
(1)side effect　　　　　　　　 副作用
come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/put ... into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
(3)effectively adv. 有效地；有影响地
(4)affect v. 影响
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively (effect)．
②The effective (effect) way to kill the pest has a disastrous effect on the environment, affecting (affect) the balance of nature.
③It won't be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
④The agreement signed between the two companies last week will come into effect soon.
?补全句子
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)I introduced the history of tea making, which has a great effect on them to help better understand our tea drinking culture.
我介绍了制茶的历史，这对帮助他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。
6．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
(1)be/feel ashamed of ...　　　 对……感到惭愧/羞耻
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 惭愧；羞耻；羞愧
It's a shame that ... 真遗憾……
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①The parents felt ashamed of their son when he was dismissed by the boss.
②It is shameful (shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
?补全句子
③It's a shame that you can't stay with us.
你不能留下来和我们在一起太遗憾了。
?一句多译
在课堂上，学生们不应该羞于向老师发问。
④In class, students should not be ashamed of asking the teacher questions.
⑤In class, students should not be ashamed to ask the teacher questions.
1. take risks (a risk)冒险
(1)at risk　　　　　　　　　 遭受危险；处境危险
at the risk of ... 冒着……的危险
run the risk (of doing sth.) 冒着(做某事的)危险；
有……的危险
put ... at risk 让……处于危险之中
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事；冒……的危险
risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏高考)Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying early by running.
③He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.
④We do not expect untrained people to take risks (risk)．
?补全句子
⑤(2018·江苏高考)The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
报告发现，年轻人觉得如果他们不快速且不间断地对社交媒体上的帖子作出回应，他们的友谊可能会受到威胁。
2．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
get into the habit of　 　 养成……的习惯
get across (to sb.) (使)通过；(使)被理解；
(把……)讲清楚
get away 逃脱；离开
get over 爬过；越过；克服(困难)；痊愈
get through 熬过(困难时期)；通过；接通电话
get on/along (well) with 进展(顺利)；与……相处(得好)
get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.
②(2018·6月浙江高考写作)My father telephoned the police station, but it couldn't get through.
③Looking back on my past few years, friends gave me so much help that I could get over difficulties which I had to face.
④After Christmas I'm going to get down to some serious job hunting.
?补全句子
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I have got into the habit of playing basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
我已经养成了打篮球的习惯，因为它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。
[教材原句]　I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你能像我一样活得健康长寿。
3．“do＋动词原形”的强调结构
用法规则 “do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下两个条件：(1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
注意事项 在“do/does/did＋动词原形”中，动词原形常常被误写成其他形式，需要特别注意。
[针对训练]　补全句子
①The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does catch a cold.
这个婴儿的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
②—I'm sorry. I shouldn't have been rude to you.
—You did lose your temper but that's all right.
——很抱歉，我不该对你粗鲁的。
——你确实发脾气了，但没关系。
4．“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构
用法规则 as的常见结构：(1)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...(2)as many＋复数名词＋as ...(3)as much＋不可数名词＋as ...(4)as＋adj./adv.＋as ＋sb./sth.
注意事项 否定句中“as ...as ...”结构中第一个as也可换成so。
　[针对训练]　补全句子
①Our neighbour has as big a garden as ours.
我们的邻居有一个和我们一样大的花园。
②You've made as many mistakes as I have.
你和我犯了一样多的错误。
③I can carry as much paper as you can.
我能和你搬一样多的纸。
④In many sports, physical fitness is not as/so important as technique.
在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Playing table tennis is as popular an activity as playing football in our campus.
在我们校园里，打乒乓球和踢足球一样受欢迎。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)One of the most stressful (stress) days of Susan McFrederick's life was watching her son get wheeled away for surgery hours after he was born in 2011.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Race walking shares many fitness (fit) benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.
3．(2020·浙江7月高考)Those who had held mentally (mental) stimulating (刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
4．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
5．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However, the majority of people are effective (effect) speakers because they train to be.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2019·天津高考)The heart stopping moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the contents of that little wallet？在头脑中进行的②(2013·广东高考)No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.应有的
词类活用 ①(2019·北京高考)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.v.削弱②(2017·江苏高考)Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.v.强调
生词僻义 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.尴尬的②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys .青少年
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Watering young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy.
A．tough B．illegal
C．fantastic D．beneficial
解析：选A　根据空后的“for a lone boy”可知，对这个男孩来说，独自一个人在旱季给小树浇水是艰难的(tough)。
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Embarrassed, as usual, I fled the scene. However, later when I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my 30 was a touch of pride.
A．confusion B．encouragement
C．embarrassment D．fascination
解析：选C　前文提到过父亲曾让作者感到很尴尬，所以面对父亲的胜利，作者的心情应该是很复杂的，既尴尬又自豪。故选C。
3．(2015·浙江高考)Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and empty .However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become 31 .
A．accustomed B．appointed
C．unique D．available
解析：选A　根据本空前面的介词to，再结合此处句意可知，此处考查become accustomed to ...“习惯于……的”的用法。appointed“指定的，约定的”；unique“独特的”；available“可得到的，可利用的”。
4．(2014·重庆高考)Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30 at some point. What you do can make locals laugh.
A．unsafe B．excited
C．satisfied D．awkward
解析：选D　每个旅行者在国外时总会有感到尴尬的时刻。因此选择D项，awkward“令人尴尬的”。
5．(2013·天津高考)He always puts our happiness before his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 33 his exhaustion after long days.
A．in spite of B．in terms of
C．in control of D．in place of
解析：选A　尽管他劳累了一天，但他总是在体育比赛上为我加油。in spite of“尽管”；in terms of“谈及，就……而言”；in control of“控制，管理”；in place of“代替”。故选A。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)当听音乐会时，请大家务必遵守纪律，保持安静。(省略句)
When listening to the concert, please obey the rules and keep quiet.
2．(2019·北京高考书面表达)我们都知道，这些城市的夏天是炎热和多雨的，所以带着夏装加上一把雨伞。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
As we all know, summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.
3．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)我确实更喜欢校服。这也是我们学校文化的一个更好的展示。(用助动词强调谓语动词)
I do prefer the school uniform. It's also a better display of our school culture.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这是一部和我们上个月看的那部一样有教育意义的电影。它值得一看。[as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as]
This is as instructive a film as the one we saw lat month. It is worth seeing.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①poison　　　　 □
②symptom □
③ward □
④prescription □
⑤fatten □　
⑥expand　　　　 □
⑦depress □
⑧sick □
⑨dizzy □
⑩allergic □　
disabled　　　　 □
uncomfortable □
overweight □
persistent □
individual □　
operate on sb.　　　　　　 □
break down □
be infected with □
relieve the pain □
under medical treatment □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．On the individual (个人) level, exercise can improve both our physical and mental health.
2．Someone allergic (过敏的) to milk is likely to react to cheese.
3．If you can't trust your friend to have a relationship with another person you consider a friend, it's a clear symptom (征兆) of a problem in your friendships.
4．Studies have suggested that being slightly overweight (超重的) can be protective.
5．This persistent (持续的) stress can lead to health problems, such as headaches and insomnia (失眠)．
6．If the doctor says you will get better by yourself, then this is a powerful prescription (处方) in itself.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I owned a bookshop and desired to expand (expand)the business.
2．(2020·浙江7月高考) I'm wondering whether you have recovered from your sickness (sick)．
3．She read about seasonal affective disorder, a form of depression (depress) that occurs in fall and winter.
4．There are hundreds of poisonous (poison) spiders and snakes in this area.
5．She says most families start fattening(fatten) their girls at age nine or ten.
6．Most of us need to lead more balanced lives to be healthy (health) and happy.
7．A sudden dizziness (dizzy) overpowered him when he was working.
8．As we all know, the only disability (disable) in life is a bad attitude.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．If you are bitten by a dog, you may be infected with a terrible disease.
如果被狗咬了，你就可能会感染一种可怕的疾病。
2．He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
他听到这个消息时失控痛哭起来。
3．The old man was dying. It was just a shot in the dark to operate on him.
那老人生命垂危，给他做手术没多大希望。
4．Telling your sorrow to your friends will relieve the pain in your heart.
把你的悲伤告诉你的朋友会减轻你心里的痛苦。
5．He was involved in a traffic accident yesterday and under medical treatment in a hospital.
他昨天出了交通事故，正在医院接受治疗。
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
On a bright early summer morning, many young swimmers gather at a local swimming pool in the state of Maryland. They are members of a competitive summer swim team, and that's a regular part of their daily life. As they train and cut seconds off their times, which makes them closer to the championship in the following large scale (大规模的) competitions, they are getting lots of physical exercise and vitamin D from the sun. However, the benefits of belonging to a sports team are not just honor or health related. You can learn useful life skills.
Paul Waas, coach of the swim team, explains, “The discipline (自制力) comes into play when you're talking about concentrating on the details that your coaches are saying as it makes you faster rather than just going up and down the pool the same way you have every time. When you focus on what you're doing right and what you can do better, then you'll see the improvement.”
Besides, there is also responsibility, goals and workings within a group. Again, here is Coach Waas. “It's really great! It's so fun to watch from year to year. I've had kids who as 7 year olds on the team could barely pay attention in practice and were only interested in who was going first. Now they've come back as 8 year olds, having set some goals and having things that they want to achieve. These skills can help them a lot.”
But playing the sports is not without harm. Some can be hard on the body. Young athletes suffer serious injuries that follow them into adulthood. Coach Waas says that in fact, swimming is different from most others. First, it poses a lower risk of injury. The second one relates to how swim teams are structured. Actually, children are not the only ones who can benefit. Adults can also benefit from team sports.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了参加团队体育运动不仅让人们身体更健康，还会教会人们许多有用的生活技能，无论是小孩还是大人都能从中得益。
1．Why do the swimmers gather at a swimming pool in the early morning
A．To obtain vitamin D from the sun.
B．To build practical skills for future.
C．To join in a large scale competition.
D．To carry out their routine practice.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“that's a regular part of their daily life”可知，游泳者们聚集在游泳池的目的是练习游泳，这已是他们的惯例。
2．What do Paul Waas' words imply in Paragraph 2
A．Swimmers should concentrate on details.
B．Members get disciplined and focused in the team.
C．Coaches play a key role in players' improvement.
D．Most swimmers enjoy swimming in the same way.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The discipline (自制力) comes into play when you're talking about concentrating on the details”可知，教练的话暗示在团队里练习时，队员会变得自律和专注，故选B。
3．What happens to the kids after a year's training
A．They care more about who goes first.
B．They pay less attention to training.
C．They devote more time to practice.
D．They are more aware of what to do.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Now they've come back as 8 year olds, having set some goals and having things that they want to achieve”可知，孩子们经过一年的训练后知道自己想要得到什么，应该做什么，故选D。
4．What does the author want to convey in the text
A．Exercise benefits everyone.
B．Swimming is better than other sports.
C．Team sports teach life lessons.
D．Physical exercise should be a habit.
解析：选C　主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要讲了团队体育运动会教授许多对生活有用的技能和经验，比如自律、专注等。故选C。
B
In 2013, Gabby Frost founded Buddy Project when she was 15. At that time, her best friend had been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health condition, and that was the first time she was made aware of what mental illness was. She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her.
Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year, yet only half receive treatment, according to the National Institutes of Mental Health. Buddy Project's website says the service is not a substitute for therapy (治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to resources for further help.
Since founding the organization as a high school student, Frost has helped more than 200,000 participants find a new friend. On the day when Buddy Project was launched, she used her powerful social media presence to attract nearly 3,000 participants. “This was around the time when teens really began talking about mental health and found a supportive community online to talk about it，” she said.
One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15 year old girl, and even now, she's still a young woman. “Sometimes it's frustrating because people don't think what I do is needed or they don't think I'm professional，” she said. “Most people are blown away that a 20 year old girl is running this and that it's one person doing this but not a whole team. I'm just lucky that I've found a support system that has been able to help my mom and me with the project.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Gabby Frost在15岁的时候为了帮助自己的朋友战胜心理疾病而成立了Buddy Project。Buddy Project帮助了很多有心理健康方面问题的人。尽管遇到了很多的困难，但她仍坚持不懈。
5．Why did Gabby Frost set up Buddy Project
A．To treat her mental disease.
B．To know what causes mental illness.
C．To help her friend to fight the mental disease.
D．To cure those with mental disease.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“her best friend had been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health condition ...She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her”可知，她是为了帮助朋友与心理疾病抗争才成立了Buddy Project。故答案为C。
6．What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A．Americans pay little attention to mental health.
B．Many Americans have trouble with mental health.
C．Buddy Project provides financial aid for patients.
D．Buddy Project can cure those with mental disease.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句的“Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year”可知，在美国，很多人都有心理健康方面的问题，故答案为B。
7．What problem did Frost face
A．She couldn't get support from her mother.
B．She couldn't help so many patients at a time.
C．She wasn't able to attract enough participants.
D．She wasn't thought well of because of her age.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“One of the biggest social barriers ...she's still a young woman.”和第二句中的“people don't think what I do is needed ... professional”可知，她面临的一个问题是人们因为她的年龄而不把她当回事儿，认为她不专业，故答案为D。
8．How do most people feel about young Frost's running the project alone
A．Completely defeated.　　 B．Totally convinced.
C．Strongly impressed. D．Fully satisfied.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据题干可知，本题解题依据是文章最后一段中的“Most people are blown away ... one person doing this but not a whole team.”，如果理解are blown away就可以得出答案。根据语境可知，大多数人对一个20岁的女孩独自(而不是靠一个团队)运营这个项目这一事实应感到惊讶、钦佩或印象深刻，故C项最能体现大多数人的心理。
C
Every year from March to October, Christian Moullec, also known as “Birdman”， takes to the skies aboard his adapted light aircraft.However, the 58 year old French man's daily 30 minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views, but to guide flocks (鸟群) of lesser white fronted geese (小白额雁) through safe migration paths which the birds can teach future generations.
His deed began in 1995 when he noticed their declining population in the wilds of Lapland, Sweden.To prevent their numbers from dropping further, Moullec tried to get the threatened species to follow him along migration routes that would protect them from bird hunters.
However, getting grown geese to follow his lead proved challenging.As young geese imitate and follow whomever they view as their parent, Moullec decided to raise the geese from birth.
To help raise funds and awareness of his job to protect not just the geese but birds worldwide, Moullec often allows paying tourists to join him on the 30 minute long flights aboard his aircraft.In addition to the trained birds flying alongside them, visitors, who come from as far as a 15 hour plane flight away, are treated to a variety of crane and geese species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities.
He often brings his camera along for the flights, capturing photos not just for their beauty, but for what they describe.Moullec believes the use of agricultural chemicals has done harm to wild European birds, with more than a third disappearing in the last 30 years. “It's a disaster，” he said.“My beautiful images with flying birds should be used to tell this story.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了法国的“鸟叔”驾驶轻型飞机引领小白额雁沿着安全的飞行路径迁徙。其目的是让人们意识到人类活动对鸟类生存产生了巨大的影响，希望人们共同来保护鸟类。
9．Why does “Birdman” always fly to the sky on his aircraft
A．To observe geese along their migration routes.
B．To follow geese through safe migration paths.
C．To take visitors to operate his adapted aircraft.
D．To guide geese fly safely during the migration.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，“鸟叔”是为了引领小白额雁安全迁徙，故D项正确。
10．What do we know about “Birdman”？
A．He is a nature lover.
B．He is a birdwatcher.
C．He is a volunteer pilot.
D．He is a bird hunter.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，“鸟叔”驾驶轻型飞机引领小白额雁沿着安全的飞行路径迁徙，他还带着游客一起体验这样的旅行，目的是希望人们共同来保护鸟类，由此可知，“鸟叔”是一个热爱自然的人，故A项正确。
11．What does Moullec often take photos in his flights for
A．Recording the use of agricultural chemicals.
B．Showing serious damage caused by chemicals.
C．Describing his experiences with flying birds.
D．Capturing the beautiful views of birds and cities.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，“鸟叔”拍照是为了呈现这些照片反映的问题，也就是后面提到的农药加速了鸟类的数量减少，故B项正确。
12．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Birdman Guides Flocks to Learn to Fly
B．Birdman Finds Birds Disappearing
C．Birdman Helps Flocks Safely Migrate
D．Birdman Protects Birds from Hunters
解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第一段第二句可知，本文主要讲述了“鸟叔”驾驶轻型飞机飞行是为了引领小白额雁沿着安全的飞行路径迁徙，故C项符合文章主旨。
tips 标题归纳题的四大切入点
标题是文章中心思想的精练表示形式。标题归纳题考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行高度概括或提炼，最终准确地选出文章的标题。
①标题形式：单词、短语或句子。
②选标题的四大准则：精——概括中心思想的语言要精练；准——注意文章的内涵和外延，作者的观点表达得要准确；统——能统领全文；新——新颖才能吸引读者。此外，一些题材的标题也要考虑其趣味性。
③解题方法：在了解文章大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题是否有密切联系；看选项内容对文章的概括性和覆盖面如何；要注意题目范围不能过大或过小。
④设错方式：概括不够；过度概括；以事实细节替代概括性强的大意(例如上文第12题D项)；无中生有，生搬硬套(如上文第12题A、B项)。 　　　　
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22Unit 4 Global warming
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．random adj.　　 胡乱的；任意的
2．fuel n. 燃料
3．data n. 资料；数据
4．trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向
5．catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
6．flood n. 洪水；水灾
7．phenomenon n. 现象
8．microwave n. 微波炉；微波
9．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
10．greenhouse n. 温室；花房
第二组：写其形
1．per prep.　　　 每；每一
2．advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
3．quantity n. 量；数量
4．mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
5．range n. 种类；范围
6．glance vi. 看一下；扫视
n. 一瞥
7．average adj. 平均的
8．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的
9．commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉
10．casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
11．circumstance n. 环境；情况
12．refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作
13．presentation n. 显示；演出
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．顾客
2．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.签署(文件)；捐助→subscription n．捐赠；订阅；签署
3．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾；往往会vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．倾向；趋势
4．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
5．consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以
6．state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．说明；说法；声明
7．steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地；持续地
8．existence n．生存；存在→exist vi.存在→existing adj.现有的；现存的
9．pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染→polluted adj.被污染的
10．contribution n．贡献；捐助→contribute v．贡献；撰稿；捐助；捐赠
11．environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．come about　　　 发生；造成
2．subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
3．quantities of 大量的
4．go up 上升；增长；升起
5．result in 导致
6．be opposed to 反对……
7．keep on 继续
8．make a difference 有影响
9．on the whole 大体上；基本上
10．on behalf of 代表……一方
11．put up with 忍受；容忍
12．and so on 等等
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句
悟原句 There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming ...
背佳句 There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of air pollution.
2．even if (＝even though)引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”
悟原句 Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases ...
背佳句 Be open minded to different opinions even if you don't like them.
3．①so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句　
②if not省略形式
悟原句 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off！
背佳句 It is OK to accept the job so/as long as you like it. If not, don't do it.
1.“不规则”名词复数小结
①datum→data　　　　 数据
②medium→media 媒体
③bacterium→bacteria 细菌
④criterion→criteria 标准
⑤phenomenon→phenomena 现象
⑥crisis→crises 危机
2.“灾难”名词集锦
①flood　　　 水灾
②catastrophe 大灾难
③disaster 灾难
④drought 旱灾
⑤earthquake 地震
⑥tsunami 海啸
3.“动词＋up with”短语集锦
①put up with　　 忍受
②catch up with 跟上
③end up with以 ……结束
④come up with 提出
⑤keep up with 跟上
⑥be fed up with　 受够了
4.“引起；造成；导致”短语合集
①result in　　 导致
②lead to 导致；造成
③contribute to 促成；有助于
④give rise to 引起；使发生⑤bring about 引起；导致
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life, which ranges (range) from transportation to water saving.
2．Many citizens are opposed to pulling (pull) down the old temple, because it dates back to the 16th century.
3．The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is the world's highest plateau, averaging (average) over 4,000 metres above sea level.
4．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence (consequent) of playing computer games.
5．In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being polluted (pollute), we must do something to protect them.
6．Under these circumstances (circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.
7．In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are (be) a major source of air pollution.
8．“What's in those books you're always reading？” he asked casually (casual)．
9．(2020·浙江1月高考)People tend to focus (focus) on the first factor. However, greater attention should be placed on longevity (长寿)．
10．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing steadily (steady)．
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．(2019·江苏高考)However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
2．With the housing price going up, more and more people advocate the government take more strict measures to lower property prices.
3．With my English teacher's patient instructions, I kept on learning, practising oral English for three months.
4．To get good jobs, they are willing to put up with many of the disadvantages of city life such as heavy traffic and pollution.
5．Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century.
6．First of all, on behalf of all the members of our school, I'd like to express our heartfelt thanks to you and warmly welcome to our school.
7．Up to now, large quantities of food have been sent to Africa to save the starving people.
8．It's already 10 o'clock. I wonder how it came about that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
9．Everyone doesn't agree to the plan. Some support it while I'm one of those who are opposed to it.
10．—What do you think about the measures taken to prevent global warming
—On the whole, they are good.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．tendency/trend
①The current trend is towards informal clothing.
②He had a tendency to step backward whenever attention was focused on him.
2．result/consequence
①The students are intensely anxious to know the result of the entrance examination.
②If you behave so foolishly, you will be ready to bear the consequence.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．Rumours of his illness have been fueled by his failure to attend last night's dinner.
增强；加剧
2．He received his award at a presentation in London yesterday. 颁奖典礼
3．I like Simon very much — he's a very steady boy. 稳重的；沉着的
4．The area is famous for its very mild winter climate. 温暖的；和煦的
5．①The gulch would be flooded in the rainy season but were dry now. 淹没
②A wave of happiness flooded me. 充满
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．毫无疑问的是他所说的话引起了我们对这件事的注意。(there is no doubt that ...，强调句型)
There is no doubt that it is what he said that draws our attention to the event.
2．文章表明是人类活动对村庄造成了环境破坏。(it is ...that)
The passage indicates that it is human activity that has resulted in the environmental destruction to the village.
3．尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。(even if)
Dean still refused to join in the game, even if we all did our best to persuade him.
4．努力学习，否则你将来就会以失败告终。(end)
Study hard now, or you will end up with failure in the future.
5．在生活中我们会遇到很多失败，只要我们尽力而为，就没有必要为此感到遗憾。(as long as)
In our life we may meet with many failures, as long as we try our best, there's no need to feel regret for them.
1．quantity n．量；数量
　?补全句子
①(2019·浙江6月高考)Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.
专家表示，表扬的质量比数量更重要。
②(2018·天津高考书面表达)I know you once participated in a Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated a large quantity of/quantities of experience.
我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛，并且获了奖，因此你肯定积累了大量的经验。
③The vegetables will be a lot cheaper if you buy them in quantity/in large quantities.
如果你大批量购买的话，蔬菜会便宜得多。
?一句多译
由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。
④As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.
⑤As a result of destroying the forests, large quantities of desert have covered the land.
[归纳法记牢]
in quantity/in large quantities　　　 大量
a large/small quantity of 大/少量的；许多
(large) quantities of 大量的
[名师指津]　含quantity的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数与quantity的单复数保持一致。
2．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
(1)oppose (doing) sth.　　　　 反对(做)某事
oppose sb./sb.'s doing sth. 反对某人/某人做某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to (one's) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事(to为介词)
be opposed to sth. 反对某事
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①However, many students and parents oppose separating (separate) students into science and art.
②Her parents opposed her (she) going abroad.
③The mayor is strongly opposed to building (build) a new hall, which may cost a lot of money.
④Opposing (oppose) the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike on Sunday.
[联想发散]　表示“反对；不赞成”的表达还有：disagree with, disapprove of, be against, object to, hold negative attitudes towards等。
3．consequence n．结果；后果；影响
(1)as a consequence　　　　　　 因此；结果
由于……的缘故
in consequence＝consequently 因此；结果
(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①As a consequence (consequent), they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
②Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture.
③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
?补全句子
④Thousands of people lost their lives as a consequence of the big earthquake.
成千上万的人因那场大地震而失去了生命。
4．range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列
(1)a wide range of　　　　　 范围广泛的；各种各样的
within/in range of 在……范围内
beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的
out of range 在……范围外
(2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in range of 60km/h to 120km/h.
?补全句子
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) Secondly, as a Chinese painting lover, I know a wide range of art works.
其次，作为一个中国画爱好者，我知道各种各样的艺术作品。
5．average adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
[辨析法理清]
　辨清楚 写出下列句中average的词性及含义①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.adj.平均的②It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.n.平均数③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person.adj.普通的④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily.v.平均为
理明白 (1)an average of　　　 平均有(后跟数词) (2)on average 平均起来above average 在平均水平以上below average 在平均水平以下(3)average ... out 算出……的平均数
[针对训练]　语段填空
There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, ⑤an average of 18 students in each class. Tom's was ⑥above average while John's was ⑦below average.
在这次考试中有90名学生得到了满分，每个班级平均有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之下。
6．circumstance n．环境；情况
　?补全句子
①It might not be a perfect solution, but it's the best I can do under/in the circumstances.
这也许不是一个完美的解决办法，但这是在这种情况下我能做得最好的。
②Under no circumstances did I expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.
当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。
[归纳法记牢]
under/in the circumstances　 在这种情况下；既然如此
under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于
句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
[名师指津]　circumstance“环境”，在其搭配under/in the circumstances 中，circumstance一定用复数(如句①)。
1. come about发生；造成
come on　　　　　 快点；加油；开始(工作、运转)
come to 合计为；达到；恢复知觉
come up 走近；(困难或问题)出现；发芽；被提及
come across 邂逅；偶遇
come up with 提出；想出
come into being 形成；产生
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①I'll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
②When important questions come up, the members often lose their dignified ways and shout at each other.
③He is very quick thinking, and is often able to come up with new jokes.
④How the custom came into being remains a mystery.
?补全句子
⑤When we surf the Internet, we often come across such English words as “ASAP” and “AFK”．
上网时，我们常会遇到像“ASAP”和“AFK”这样的英语单词。
2．result in导致
　?选词填空(result in/result from/as a result/as a result of)
①(2019·江苏高考)As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
②As a result of more and more pollution, many species are dying out.
③(2019·北京高考)Positive thinking and action result in success.
④The fact that he is late for work results from the traffic jam.
[归纳法记牢]
result from　　　　　　 由……造成；因……而产生
as a result 结果
as a result of 由于……的结果
[名师指津]　(1)result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。
(2)表示“导致”的词语还有： cause, lead to, contribute to等。
3．put up with忍受；容忍
put off　　　　　　 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；扑灭
put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿；举起
put aside 留出；存(钱)备用；把……放在一边
put away 收起来；放好
put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Putting aside his disappointment, he smiled and praised the winner.
②The sports meeting which is to take place this Friday has to be put off because of the heavy rain these days.
?补全句子
③In that case, we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.
既然那样，我们将不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并尝试发现他的优点。
④A suggestion has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
有人提出建议，我们应该循环利用教科书。
4．so/as long as引导条件状语从句
　[教材原句]　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
用法规则 (1)so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。(2)引导条件状语从句的连词短语还有：in case 如果；万一；on condition that 只要；provided that 如果；条件是。
注意事项 as long as 和so long as表示“只要”时，可以互换；as long as表示“与……一样长”时，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。
[针对训练]　补全句子/句型转换
①“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”； as long as you have a dream, keep trying and you'll make it, too.
“世上无难事，只怕有心人”；只要你有梦想，坚持尝试，你也会成功。
② (2020·天津7月高考)Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
吉姆说只要我们保持房子干净和整洁，我们就可以住在他的房子里。
③As long as you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.(on condition that)
→On condition that you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) What is the author's statement (state) about multigenerational family based on
3．(2020·江苏高考)On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
4．(2020·天津5月高考)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth (grow)．
5．(2020·浙江7月高考)Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions (contribute) to the theater.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Chinese women are not just consumers (consume) of fashion — they are central to its movement.
7．(2019·北京高考)“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)That's bad news for the environment (environmental) — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
9．(2018·天津高考)Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.
10．(2016·浙江高考)Under such circumstances (circumstance), smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.
11．(2015·天津高考)In the library, I found my way into the “Children's Room”. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.
12．(2014·广东高考)He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging (range) from potatoes to golf gloves.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2019·浙江6月高考)But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”立起来
词类活用 ①(2019·北京高考)Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.v. 加强②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.v. 挤满
生词僻义 ①(2017·浙江高考)Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合)．支持者②(2016·江苏高考)If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random — he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.随便的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.
A．restrictions　　　　　 B．explanations
C．differences D．consequences
解析：选D　根据后文“is doing spiritual damage to our children”可知，“我”想知道无论结果(consequences)如何父母是否都应该告知真相。
2．(2017·江苏高考)When he began practicing, he took it very 50 . But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
A．seriously B．proudly
C．casually D．naturally
解析：选C　他开始练习拉大提琴时很随意，因此选择casually“随意地”。
3．(2015·广东高考)As our society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens.With long lives ahead of them, they need to stay active and be devoted.
A．protection B．suggestions
C．contributions D．permission
解析：选C　联系本句话中的need和下一句话中的devoted可判断，由于社会趋于老龄化，我们需要老年人所做的贡献，本空的contributions和下一句话中的devoted对应，故选C项。protection“保护”；suggestion“建议”；permission“允许”。
4．(2012·江苏高考)The desire to be connected has brought solitude (独处) to an end as we've known it.People have become so reachable in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be.Today we can talk, text, e mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our computers, but from our mobile phones as well.
A．even if B．only if
C．as if D．if only
解析：选A　即使他们不希望被联系到，也经常有人联系他们。even if“即使，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，符合语境。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)只要你做好充分的准备，我坚信努力一定会有回报的！(as long as)
As long as you make full preparations for it, I firmly believe hard work will pay off!
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)在开始的时候，学生会主席会让我们展望节日的过去，现在和未来。(强调句)
At the beginning, it is the chair of the Students' Union that will give us a look into the past, present and future of the festival.
3．(2019·北京高考书面表达)即使现在天气很好，在这些城市，你最好带上夏装和一把雨伞。(even if)
Even if the weather is fine now, you'd better take summer wear plus an umbrella with you in these cities.
4．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)毫无疑问，在欢迎仪式上我更喜欢校服而不是传统的中国服装。(there is no doubt that)
There is no doubt that I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①satisfy　　　 □
②decline □
③waste □
④shrink □
⑤danger □　
⑥emission　　　　 □
⑦fierce □
⑧endangered □
⑨nutritious □
⑩industrialized □　
environmental　　　 □
resident □
greenhouse □
awareness □
experience □　
immigration　　　　　 □
severely □
participate in □
live in harmony with □
bring ... under control □
　
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Local resident (居民) groups have united in opposition to the plan.
2．After years of good growth, the economy will shrink (收缩) this year.
3．We believe that China will become a highly developed industrialized (工业化的) country.
4．Violent games should be restricted, otherwise they would severely (严重地) pollute our children's minds.
5．All things considered, I think every country should cut the emission (排放) of carbon dioxide to protect the earth.
6．Faced with the problem of climate change, we should find an effective method of reducing greenhouse (温室) gases.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The government has decided to tighten its immigration (immigrate) policy.
2．People waste too much money buying (buy) useless things.
3．Examples of unsafe environmental (environment) conditions are noise, radiation, dust, etc.
4．It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious (nutrition) foods.
5．I hope everything is to your satisfaction (satisfy), Sir.
6．Some effective measures have been taken to protect endangered (endanger) species.
7．I can feel my heart is beating fiercely (fierce)．
8．It is common for children to experience (experience) frustration and anger when growing.
9．Overtaking on a bend is dangerous (danger)．Do be careful.
10．The old people held an activity two months ago to raise awareness (aware) of the needs of grandparents.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．There are two important points to live in harmony with others.
与他人和谐相处有两点很重要。
2．More countries are trying to work out some effective means to bring air pollution under control.
许多国家正在试图拟定出一些有效措施控制空气污染。
3．Your friend must be in great danger, or else he would have come down long ago.
你们的朋友一定十分危险，要不他早就下来了。
4．Several experts will participate in this activity as technical advisers.
几位专家将作为技术顾问参加本次活动。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
I've been into environment friendly things for ages, which started when I was 13 and my favorite teen magazine 1 in the mail with a “Save the Earth, Girl！” cover. I remember it 2 ！ It was filled with all sorts of easy 3 to go green.
Among many of the 4 I learned that day: turning off the water while you brush your teeth 5 200 gallons of water every year — per person! I started doing that 6 . I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesn't have an unlimited 7 of fresh water.
My parents were also 8 for recycling and reusing, so we became the ones who 9 rejected containers and used them for 10 ， and the ones who carried our own bags to the grocery store and our own 11 to the coffee shop. I knew it was the right thing to do for the environment.
Later, I tried to let my 12 flag fly! I either called out to whoever littered in public or collected magazines from my friends to 13 . Then the strangest thing happened: people started 14 me. One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights, buy recycled notebooks, and 15 paper back into the printer to make use of the other 16 . It's not that they were so 17 about the environment, but they were drawn to my confidence.
I'm wild about environmental protection and would stand 18 ， saying, “Yeah, this is what I'm into.” 19 others don't share your enthusiasm, they will envy your confidence and want to be like you, and that means 20 your example.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者热衷环保的健康生活。
1．A.existed　　　　　　　 B．arrived
C．returned D．printed
解析：选B　根据空后的“in the mail”可推知，作者最喜爱的青少年杂志到了。
2．A.carefully B．correctly
C．clearly D．occasionally
解析：选C　根据空后的感叹号，和上文提到那本杂志是作者的最爱可推知，作者清晰地(clearly)记得那本杂志。
3．A.tips B．questions
C．jobs D．decisions
解析：选A　根据上文中的“with a ‘Save the Earth, Girl！’ cover”可推知，那本杂志里提供了很多环保的小贴士，与下文中的如“刷牙时关掉水龙头”等具体的建议形成呼应。
4．A.reasons B．debates
C．lessons D．facts
解析：选D　根据语境可推知，每个人刷牙时关掉水龙头一年可以节约(saves)200加仑的水是一个事实的陈述。
5．A.weighs B．stores
C．saves D．totals
解析：选C　参见上题解析。
6．A.at times B．right away
C．after all D．at last
解析：选B　根据下文“I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesn't have an unlimited of fresh water.”可推知，作者认为节约用水事关重大，于是立马行动。
7．A.amount B．control
C．use D．flow
解析：选A　作者意识到地球上的淡水资源总量是有限的。amount“数量”。
8．A.famous B．sorry
C．eager D．suitable
解析：选C　根据下文可知，作者的父母也加入进来，践行环保。be eager for“渴望”。
9．A.washed out B．took away
C．gave out D．threw away
解析：选A　与空前的“reusing”呼应可推知，作者一家把遗弃的容器清洗后用来贮存(storage)。
10．A.collection B．show
C．storage D．decoration
解析：选C　参见上题解析。
11．A.drinks B．books
C．coins D．cups
解析：选D　根据空前的“carried our own bags to the grocery store”和作者一家的环保理念可推知，他们应该是带着自己的杯子去咖啡店。
12．A.noble B．high
C．ambitious D．green
解析：选D　根据上文“I've been into environment friendly things for ages”和“It was filled with all sorts of easy to go green.”可推知，之后作者试着把自己的环保理念传播给他人，故选D。
13．A.recycle B．process
C．resell D．donate
解析：选A　结合作者的环保理念并根据语境可推知，作者从朋友那里收集杂志，循环利用。
14．A.serving B．copying
C．observing D．reminding
解析：选B　根据下文“One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights ... make use of the other .”可推知，作者的朋友开始仿效作者，加入环保行动。
15．A.pay B．take
C．feed D．turn
解析：选C　根据空后的“paper back into the printer to make use other ”并结合语境可知，此处应是一种环保做法，即把纸重新放进打印机，使用纸的另一面(side)。feed“把……放进……”。
16．A.sheet B．part
C．version D．side
解析：选D　参见上题解析。
17．A.curious B．concerned
C．optimistic D．serious
解析：选B　根据该句“It's not that ... drawn to my confidence”可推知，他们这样做并不是他们关注环境，而是被作者的信心吸引，与上文作者的朋友开始效仿作者，践行环保理念呼应。
18．A.proudly B．politely
C．calmly D．patiently
解析：选A　根据上文中的“but they were drawn to my confidence”可推知，作者热衷环保，信心满满，并以此为傲。
19．A.Now that B．Even if
C．Unless D．Before
解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示即使其他人不能分享你的热情，但他们将羡慕你的信心，并且想像你一样。
20．A.setting B．making
C．giving D．following
解析：选D　结合语境“they will envy your confidence and want to be like you”可推知，这意味着人们会被你的信心所感染，效仿你的环保行为。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
To make sure that the foods are delicious and safe, the Food and Drug Administration provides several tips to reduce the risk of the most common foodborne illnesses.
1 Bacteria can spread throughout the kitchen and get onto cutting boards, knives, and counter tops.To avoid the risk of foodborne illnesses, people should pay special attention to the handling and preparation of foods.
Keep foods apart.Bacteria can spread from one food product to another.This is especially true for raw meat and seafood. 2
Put foods in a refrigerator without delay.Public health officials advise consumers to refrigerate foods quickly. 3 Refrigerators should be set at 40 degrees F and the freezer at 0 degrees F, and the accuracy of the settings should be checked now and then.
Keep foods at a safe temperature during thawing (解冻)．Let's take turkey for example.Thawing the turkey completely before cooking is important and necessary to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses. 4 For example, a 20 pound turkey needs two to three days to thaw completely when thawed in the refrigerator at a temperature of no more than 40 degrees F.
5 Foods are properly cooked when they are heated for a long enough time and at a high enough temperature to kill the harmful bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses.
A．Cook to proper temperatures.
B．So keep them away from ready to eat foods.
C．Wash hands and food contact surfaces often.
D．Washing hands before meals is good for health.
E．So allow the correct amount of time to thaw a whole turkey.
F．The turkey is done when the temperature reaches 180 degrees F.
G．That's because cold temperatures stop most harmful bacteria growing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种避免食源性疾病的方法。
1．选C　根据空后的内容可知，细菌会在整个厨房内传播，切菜板上、厨房刀具上和厨房台面上都可能会有细菌。C项中的“food contact surfaces”与下文中的“cutting boards, knives, and counter tops”相对应，故C项“经常洗手并清洗接触食物的物体表面”符合语境。
2．选B　根据本段的主题句“Keep foods apart.”可知，本段主要讲的是要把食物分开放置，再结合空前两句可知，生肉、海鲜特别容易传播细菌，因此应该把它们与其他食物分开放置。故B项“因此要把它们和立即可食的食物分开放置”符合语境。B项中的“them”指代的就是上文中的“raw meat and seafood”。
3．选G　根据本段的主题句“Put foods in a refrigerator without delay (将食物立即放进冰箱)．”及公共卫生官员建议人们快速冷藏食物的内容可知，空处应该是说明这样做的原因，故G项“那是因为低温可以阻止最有害的细菌生长”符合语境。
4．选E　根据空前一句可知，在烹饪前完全解冻火鸡对降低患食源性疾病的风险很重要，再结合下文中所举的例子可知，空处说的应是要有一定的时间来使一整只火鸡解冻。故E项符合语境。
5．选A　根据空后的内容可知，当食物被加热到足够的时间时，食物就被做好了，而且足够高的温度能够杀死那些引发食源性疾病的细菌。因此本段主要讲的应是烹饪时要达到一定的温度，故A项符合语境。
tips 利用代词的指代关系解阅读七选五
在英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，或指代前文的某个句子。如果设空处后一句或选项中出现代词(尤其是人称代词、指示代词或替代词)时，往往可根据代词的指代关系来解题。指代相关是指文中空白处前后句中的某个名词或代词与正确选项中的某个代词或名词之间存在指代关系。此时，准确理解该代词的指代范围或内容是解题的关键。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前句的复数名词。
例如上文第2题，B项中的“them”指代的就是上文中的“raw meat and seafood”。　　　　
Ⅲ.语法填空
Humans share Earth with many different kinds of wildlife. However, many of our animal friends may not be around for much 1 (long)．
According to the Living Planet Report released by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in October, the populations of animals 2 (fall) by an average of 60 percent since 1970. And one of the biggest causes of wildlife losses 3 (be) human activity. Three quarters of the world's land is 4 (large) affected by human activity. Many natural habitats have been destroyed to create farmland.
“The astonishing decline 5 wildlife population is a reminder and perhaps the ultimate sign of the pressure we put on the planet，” Marco Lambertini, the general 6 (direct) of the WWF, wrote in the report.
WWF has called on world governments and businesses 7 (strike) a deal to protect people and nature. To protect 8 (endanger) animals, measures have been taken in China and progress has been made, 9 more efforts are still needed to protect wildlife in China and around the world.“We are the first generation to know we are destroying our planet and the last one 10 can do anything about it，” WWF UK Chief Executive Tanya Steele told CNN.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于人类的活动，许多动物濒临灭绝，因此我们应该采取措施保护它们。
1．longer　考查形容词比较级。分析该句可知，设空处前的much修饰形容词比较级，故填longer。
2．have fallen　考查时态和主谓一致。分析该句可知，since引导时间状语从句时，前面的主句用现在完成时，且主语the populations of ...为复数形式，故填have fallen。
3．is　考查主谓一致。分析该句可知，主语为one of the biggest causes of wildlife losses，当one of位于句首时，谓语用单数，且此处描述客观情况，故填is。
4．largely　考查副词。分析该句可知，设空处应用副词修饰动词affected，故填largely。
5．in/of　考查介词。此处of译为“属于，关于”，表示所属关系；而in译为“在……之内”，表示领域或范围，所以of和in都适用，故填in/of。
6．director　考查名词。根据Marco Lambertini可知，general后接表示人的名词，the general director译为“总干事”，应用名词形式。故填director。
7．to strike　考查不定式。设空处使用不定式作目的状语，故填to strike。
8．endangered　考查形容词。设空处应用形容词修饰其后名词animals。故填endangered。
9．but/yet　考查连词。分析该句可知，前后两句构成转折关系，but和yet都译为“但是，然而”，表示转折和对照关系。故填but/yet。
10．that/who　考查定语从句。该句为定语从句，先行词为the last one，在从句中作主语，此处one指代generation，应使用关系代词that或who。
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22Unit 5 The power of nature
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．diagram n．　　　　　　　 图解；图表；示意图
2．volcano n. 火山
3．ash n. 灰；灰末
4．hurricane n. 飓风；风暴
5．questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表
6．sample n. 样品；样本
7．database n. 数据库；资料库
8．boot n. 靴子
9．typhoon n. 台风
10．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
11．document n. 文件；证件
12．rainbow n. 彩虹
第二组：写其形
1．wave n. 波浪；波涛
vi. 波动；起伏；挥手
2．alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边
prep. 在……旁边
3．potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj. 可能的；潜在的
4．precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的
5．shoot vt. 射中；射伤
6．guarantee vt. 保证；担保
7．arouse vt. 激发；唤醒
8．sweat n. 汗
vi. 出汗
9．tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖
10．panic vi. & vt. 惊慌
n. 惊慌；恐慌
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．equipment n．设备；装备→equip v．配备；装备
2．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定
3．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．评估
4．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
5．suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜→suitable adj.适当的；相配的
6．actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually adv.实际地
7．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
8．appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢；鉴赏→appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
9．fog n．雾；烟雾→foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的
10．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable adj.自在的；舒适的→comfort vt.安慰
11．diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性
12．bathe vi.洗澡；游泳→bath n．洗澡；沐浴
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．burn to the ground 全部焚毁
2．make one's way 前往
3．be suitable for 适合；适于
4．make up 组成；构成
5．get close to 靠近
6．glance through 匆匆看一遍
7．be home to ... 为……之栖息地
8．be about to 即将
9．vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等
10．give birth to 生产；产生
11．have a gift for 有……的天赋
12．take notice 留意；注意
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．however引导让步状语从句
悟原句 Yet, however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.
背佳句 However far away we are，we feel close to each other.
2．独立主格结构在句中作原因状语
悟原句 ... but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
背佳句 He stood at the window, the sun shining on his face.
3．It is said that ... “据说……”，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句
悟原句 It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion ...
背佳句 (2020·江苏高考书面表达)It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
1.后缀 ment名词小结
①equipment　 设备
②advertisement 广告
③announcement 通知；通告
④achievement 功绩；成就
⑤punishment 惩罚
⑥treatment 对待；治疗
⑦appointment 任命；约定
⑧requirement 要求
⑨agreement 协议
2.“take＋n.”短语面面观
①take notice 留意；注意
②take effect 生效；起作用
③take charge 开始管理；接管
④take exercise 锻炼
⑤take pains 努力；尽力
⑥take photos 拍照
⑦take steps 采取措施
3.“have a/an＋n.＋for”短语集锦
①have a gift for 有……的天赋
②have a preference for 偏爱；特别喜爱
③have a desire for 想要；渴望
④have a nose for 对……敏感
⑤have a taste for 对……有兴趣
⑥have a fancy for 喜欢；迷恋
⑦have a chance for 有……的机会
4.“看”不同的短语集合
①glance through　　　 匆匆看一遍
②glance at 匆匆一瞥
③look around 环视四周
④look through 仔细检查
⑤stare at 凝视；盯着看
⑥glare at 怒视；瞪眼看
⑦spy on 偷窥；监视
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．We will not be panicked (panic) into making a decision before we have considered all the evidence.
2．It's believed that quantities of building materials are potentially (potential) harmful to people's body.
3．People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions make it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)
4．(2020·天津5月高考)It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely (absolute) anybody.
5．After listening to his advice, he had no more anxieties (anxious)．
6．To show our appreciation (appreciate) for all your hard work, we'd like to give you a bonus.
7．She was the first woman to be appointed (appoint) to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.
8．A man in the river was shouting and waving (wave) his arms around desperately.
9．If you have the interest to visit there, don't forget to take a camera and you are guaranteed to enjoy (enjoy) the sights in their natural state.
10．That is the reason why many people often feel uncomfortable (comfort) in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．In the tent, there were many children from the earthquake stricken area, their ages varying from 10 to 17.
2．After admiring the beautiful view, she made her way to the next destination.
3．She has a gift for communicating with animals.
4．Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
5．If the bottle of gas catches fire, the whole building may be burned to the ground.
6．He just glanced through the headlines because he was too busy to read the whole newspaper.
7．He was about to leave when the phone rang.
8．The headmaster who had attended the grand ceremony waved to the students and teachers with a smile.
9．With the Internet, parents can check a published guide to determine what is suitable for their children to see.
10．They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．assess/evaluate
①The teacher evaluates a student's thesis for content and organization.
②He wanted to rent his house so he had it assessed yesterday.
2．definitely/absolutely
①It's absolutely no business of hers.
②And we definitely can achieve them!
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．When I found out, I wanted to give him a boot up the backside. 踢
2．The windows fogged immediately. 起雾
3．The book documents the post war Chinese experience. 记录
4．①A few tender shoots had started to appear. 幼芽
②The film was shot in Prague. 拍摄
5．I sweated night and day to get it done on time. 艰苦努力
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．我正要放弃这道数学题时，一个念头闪过我的脑海。(be about to ...)
I was about to give up the maths puzzle when an idea flashed upon my mind.
2．如果我们真的下定决心做某事，无论多难，我们最终会找出办法做好。(however引导的让步状语从句)
If we are really determined to do something, however difficult it might be, we'll eventually find a way to do it well.
3．由于她的眼镜破了，她无法看清黑板上的字。(独立主格结构)
Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
4．工作了两天，史蒂夫如期完成了报告。(现在分词短语作状语)
Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
5．这是因为我们最终认识到它实际上是一种非常环保的生活方式。(because引导的表语从句)
This is because we finally realized that it is actually a very eco friendly way to live.
6．据报道当今世界上有三千多种语言。(it作形式主语的主语从句)
It is reported that there are more than 3,000 languages in the world today.
1．appoint vt.任命；委派；约定
(1)appoint sb. as ...　　　　　　 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的
(3)appointment n. 任命；约定；约会
make an appointment with sb. 与某人预约/约会
keep/break an appointment 守/违(爽)约
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①Yesterday, Sam was appointed as manager of the engineering department.
②You can put the books in the appointed (appoint) place, and other participants can have free access to them.
③(2018·北京高考)—Good morning, Mr.Lee's office.
—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment (appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
④He was appointed to solve (solve) the problem of environmental pollution.
?补全句子
⑤A punctual person is in the habit of keeping an appointment and never breaks an appointment.
一个守时的人有守约的习惯，从不违约。
2．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
(1)a suit of　　　　　　　　　 一套……
suit ...to ... 使……适合……
(2)suited adj. 适合的(作表语)
be suited for/to sth. 适合做某事
(3)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的；适合的
be suitable for sb. (某物)适合某人
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
[名师指津]　suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等； 而fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②(2019·江苏高考书面表达)Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable (suit)．
③You will complete at least one manuscript (手稿) suitable to hand (hand) in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.
?一句多译
他不适合这份工作，两周后就离职了。
④He wasn't suited for the job and left after two weeks.(suited)
⑤The job wasn't suitable for him and he left after two weeks.(suitable)
⑥The job didn't suit him and he left after two weeks.(suit)
?选词填空(suit/fit/match)
The hat doesn't ⑦suit her, for one thing it doesn't ⑧fit because of its size; for another its color doesn't ⑨match her charming face.
3．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
(1)be anxious 　　　　 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地；焦急地
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①The drought had lasted several months, which made farmers anxious (anxiety)．
②(2019·天津高考)She was anxious to know (know) what had happened.
③Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
④(2018·天津高考) Anxiously (anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
?一句多译
我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。
⑤We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.(anxiety)
⑥We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.
4．panic n．惊慌；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌
　?单句语法填空
①Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.
②Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic.
③Hearing the gun, the deer was panicked (panic) into running straight for the headlights.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)in panic　　　　　　　　　 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic ... into doing sth. 使……惊慌地做某事
[名师指津]　注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。
5．guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单
(1)guarantee to do sth.　　　　　 保证做某事
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①He guarantees to pay (pay) off his debts on time, no matter what happens.
②The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.
?补全句子
③Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time
你能向我保证这项工作会按时完成吗？
1. make one's way前往
fight one's way　　　　　　 奋力前进
lose one's way 迷路
feel one's way 摸索前进
push one's way 挤出来
wind one's way 蜿蜒前进
[演绎法练通]　补全句子
①Look! Many children are making their way to the beach.
看！很多孩子正往海滩走去。
②It was so foggy that we had to feel our way home.
雾这么大，我们只好摸索着回家。
③A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river.
一条小溪蜿蜒着穿过山谷，流入这条河。
④(2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
科学家们已经获得了更多的证据，证明塑料正在进入人体。
2．glance through匆匆看一遍；粗略地看
go through　　　　　　 通过；经历；仔细检查
get through 通过；做完；接通电话；熬过
look through 快速查看；浏览
see through 看穿；识破
[演绎法练通]　 补全句子
①I have looked through all my papers but I still can't find my notes.
我已经浏览了我所有的文件，可还是找不到我的笔记。
②The manager was rushing to the airport so he glanced through the report the secretary had typed.
经理急于去飞机场，所以他粗略地看了秘书打印的报告。
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of the Tang Dynasty, which makes it easy for you to go through the class.
你最好在上课前做好充分的准备并简要了解唐朝的历史，这会使你上这节课更容易些。
3．vary from ...to ...由……到……不等
　(1)vary in ...　　　　　 在……(大小、形状等)上不同
vary with 随……变化/改变
(2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的
(3)variety n. 种种；多样化
a wide variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Typing patterns vary from person to person.
②Malaysia, a multiracial and multicultural country, is famous for its varieties (vary) of delicious food.
③As in China, the climate in Canada varies with the area.
④These toys vary in shape and color, attracting children's attention.
?补全句子
⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a wide variety of/varieties of/various activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
除了常规训练外，训练日程包括参加各种各样的活动，例如参加一些全国比赛。
4．独立主格结构
　[教材原句]　The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
用法规则 独立主格结构的常用形式：(1)逻辑主语＋现在分词(2)逻辑主语＋过去分词(3)逻辑主语＋动词不定式(4)逻辑主语＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
注意事项 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
②The task completed (complete), we had a global traveling.
③Such an able man to help (help) you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
?补全句子
④I heard that he got injured in the accident, my heart full of worries.
听说他在这起事故中受了伤，我内心充满了担忧。
⑤Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.
如果时间允许，我希望有更多的空闲时间和我的朋友在一起，这样我们可以有一个更好的关系。
⑥Some falling behind, others would come and offer help.
有些人落后了，其他人会来提供帮助。
5．“It is said that ...”句式
　[教材原句]　It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
用法规则 (1)句式“It is said that ...＝Sb. is said to do sth.”，意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。(2)It is thought that ...　　　据认为……It is believed that ... 人们相信……It is reported that ... 据报道……It is hoped that ... 人们希望……It is well known that ... 众所周知……
注意事项 在该句型中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。
[针对训练]　
?改写句子
①It is said that the new mayor will come into power next month.
→The new mayor is said to come into power next month.
②It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide is said to be heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
③It is said that the early European playing cards were designed for entertainment and education.
→The early European playing cards are said to have been designed for entertainment and education.
?补全句子
④It is well known that advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.
众所周知，广告通常是最有效的促销方法。
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to you.
希望这些建议对你有很大的帮助。
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is believed that the English short movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
人们相信这部英文短片不仅有意义而且有趣。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually (actual) bring firewood to a new home as a gift.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable (comfortable)．
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation (appreciate)．
4．(2019·江苏高考)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment (equip) and internet facilities.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he taught me：“The absolute (absolutely)most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions.”
6．(2017·浙江高考)Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a meeting place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They discussed various(vary) matters all over the world.
7．(2015·陕西高考)Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think this job suits (suitable) me well.
8．(2013·福建高考)The son, well dressed, waves (wave) proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2018·浙江高考)It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.波动；浪潮②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.配有
词类活用 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.n.了解②(2019·浙江6月高考)McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.v.记录
生词僻义 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen trembling alongside the road.在……旁边②(2018·江苏高考)The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo opportunities and then messaging friends — and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.潜在的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2019·天津高考)After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who 22 the lady as Erin Smith.
A．selected　　　　　　 B．appointed
C．identified D．defined
解析：选C　我上网发帖子，有人告诉我说他认出了那位女士，她是Erin Smith。A项意为“挑选出”；B项意为“任命”；C项意为“认出”；D项意为“给……下定义”。故选C。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I was thrilled! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. The bay was 45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
A．bathed B．clean
C．deep D．formed
解析：选A　此处意为“海湾沐浴在阳光中”，be bathed in表示“沐浴在……中”。clean“清洁的”；deep“深的”；form“组成，形成”。
3．(2017·浙江6月高考)When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more 39 to her than mountains of gold.
A．practical B．precious
C．reliable D．expensive
解析：选B　根据语境及下文的“mountains of gold”可知，Alia认为这些书比金山还要珍贵，故选precious，表示“珍贵的”。
4．(2015·重庆高考)“I hope I did the right thing, Mom，” Alice said. “I saw a cat, all bloody but alive. I carried it to the vet's (宠物医院), and was asked to make payment immediately. As I couldn't reach anyone at the phone number on the cat's tag (标牌), I had to pay the bill.”
In the following days, the owner still couldn't be contacted. Alice paid the vet to continue treatment. I grew 22 ： What if the family had simply left the cat behind
A．active B．rude
C．anxious D．proud
解析：选C　联系不上猫的主人，女儿就必须继续花钱给猫治疗，这当然是令母亲担忧的(anxious)。空后面是作者担心的内容。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)音乐会时间很短，但你能欣赏到许多名作。(独立主格结构)
The music concert very short, you can enjoy many famous works.
2．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)大家都认为传统的中国服装更适合这个场合。(it is thought that)
It is thought that the traditional Chinese clothes is more suitable for the occasion.
3．(2019·天津高考书面表达)同时，我也很有兴趣在您的讲座中向您学习一些民族舞蹈，这是因为它可以帮助我提高我的舞蹈水平。(this is because ...)
Meanwhile, I'm also interested to learn some folk dances from you in your lecture and this is because it will help me improve my dancing.
4．(2018·北京高考书面表达)不管有多难，你来之前最好学一些基本的汉语。(however＋adj.)
However hard it is, you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
　
①occur　　 　 □
②vary □
③inject □
④crack □
⑤predict □　
⑥extinct　　 　 □
⑦terrible □
⑧shortage □
⑨issue □
⑩threat □　
formation　　 　 □
warning □
challenge □
distribute □
stricken □　
frighten　　　　　　　　　　 □
attach great importance to □
be faced with □
lead to □
make a difference □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Energy conservation is of vital importance to us because our society is facing energy shortage (短缺)．
2．Supplies are under increasing threat (威胁) from overuse and pollution.
3．These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack (裂缝).
4．We must protect these endangered animals before they become extinct (灭绝的)．
5．Scientists do not know exactly how this process prevents ice crystal formation (构成).
6．All those concerned must work together in order that agreement can be reached on this issue (问题)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The Red Cross organized the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing in the disaster area.
2．His son was injected (inject) with strong drugs.
3．Why not just change your artwork to prevent this problem from occurring (occur)．
4．It is impossible to predict (predict) what will happen.
5．Hundreds of rescue workers are being sent to the stricken (strike) area.
6．She was terribly (terrible) hurt when it happened.
7．When you were a child, were you frightened (frighten) of the dark
8．The minister gave a warning (warn)that war might break out.　
9．I'm ready to do all those things which are more challenging(challenge)．
10．These suggestions which were put forward in the environmental conference vary in influence and importance.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation would lead to flooding.
众所周知，大面积的森林砍伐会导致洪水泛滥。
2．It must be stressed that we should attach great importance to environmental protection.
必须着重指出的是，我们必须重视环保。
3．It's my own strange way of making a difference.
这是我自己与众不同的方式。
4．We are faced with threats from climate change, which requires us to take immediate action.
我们正面临来自气候变化的威胁，这需要我们马上采取行动。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A sandstorm refers to a high amount of wind occurring in sandy areas, usually in deserts, where the wind speed is able to lift the top layer of sand from the ground, and push it in every direction. The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m － 15.24m.
It is very dangerous to experience a sandstorm. Sand can get into the nose, eyes, mouth and lungs. If you happen to be caught in a sandstorm, you must protect yourself by wearing masks, scarves and so on.
If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road, since it's difficult to continue driving. This is also important since vehicles can fail in during sandstorms and you could end up stuck on the road.
Most sandstorms occur in spring, and during the daytime. Many of the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Sahara Desert are associated with the most serious storms. Since it's a natural phenomenon, it can't be entirely controlled. In areas that are natural desert regions, you can't always prevent a sandstorm. There's much evidence that the planet Mars has dust storms, and clearly, no human intervention (介入) is responsible for such.Though it can move whole sand dunes and destroy crops, a sandstorm is not without benefit.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了沙尘暴常发生的时间、地点和基本状况以及如何在沙尘暴中自我保护的一些建议。
1．According to the passage, the sand involved in the sandstorm can reach at most meters.
A．3.50　　　　　　　　 B．15.24
C．3.05 D．15.42
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m — 15.24m.”可知，在沙尘暴中，沙子可以达到的高度在3.05米到15.24米之间，故B项正确。
2．If you're driving in a sandstorm, you'd better .
A．stop your car in the middle of the road
B．continue to make your way
C．stop and ask for help
D．stop your car on the side of the road
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road”可知，如果你开车时遇到沙尘暴，你最好把车停在路边，pull off the road“把车停在路边”。故选D项。
3．The underlined sentence shows that, anyway, sandstorms are .
A．useful B．useless
C．harmful D．powerful
解析：选A　推理判断题。画线句表明，虽然沙尘暴能移动沙丘并毁坏农作物，但它不是毫无益处的。注意“a sandstorm is not without benefit”表示“不无裨益”，是双重否定表示肯定意义。故选A项。
4．According to the writer, a sandstorm .
A．is the result of human activities
B．can be prevented
C．can't completely disappear on the earth
D．can't be forecast
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为沙尘暴是一种自然现象，不能完全被控制，也就不会完全消失，并且它也不是人为的后果。由此可知选C项。
B
“You can you up, no can no bb.” The latest Chinglish buzz phrase, having swept through Chinese cyberspace and society, has now made a landing overseas, entering the US web based Urban Dictionary.
According to the entry put forward by “gingerdesu”， “You can you up” which means “If you can do it, go ahead and do it”， is a Chinglish phrase referring to people who criticize others' work, especially when the critic is not so much better.
As well as “You can you up”， other Chinglish catch phrases, such as “tuhao” and “no zuo no die”， have also been recorded on the site.
Coined with roots in Chinese grammar, and even containing Pinyin, Chinglish words and phrases are even spreading beyond grass roots (草根) websites.
In 2013, “dama” and “tuhao” found their way into The Wall Street Journal and the BBC, and words such as “fengshui”， “chengguan” and “people mountain people sea” have been admitted to the Oxford English Dictionary.
“The frequent use of Chinglish by foreign institutions suggests that people are looking more to the lifestyle and popular culture of China，” says Zhang Yiwu, professor of Peking University's Department of Chinese Language and Literature.
“Words like ‘dama’ and ‘tuhao’ are so vivid. My friends and I use them a lot — it's so much fun，” said Satoshi Nishida, a Japanese student studying at Beijing Language and Culture University.
“Behind these Chinglish words and phrases is the Chinese culture. They are reflections of the changes and trends in the Chinese society and they help people from other countries to understand what's happening in China，” according to Xing Hongbing, a professor of Beijing Language and Culture University.
“When the price of gold went down last year, while the super purchasing power of the Chinese bargain hunting middle aged women drew worldwide attention, there was no effective way available in other languages to describe them, and ‘dama’ filled the gap very neatly，” says Xing.
语篇解读：本文为说明文。网上流行的中国式英语走出了国门，甚至还被收入到了英文词典中。
5．Why does the author take “dama” for example in the last paragraph
A．To inform us that the price of gold went down last year.
B．To show the Chinese women's super purchasing power.
C．To indicate the women drew worldwide attention.
D．To suggest the culture and trends in the Chinese society.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“people are looking more to the lifestyle and popular culture of China”和第八段中的“They are reflections of the changes and trends in the Chinese society”以及最后一段可知，dama恰如其分地反映了当今中国社会文化和流行趋势。
6．How many Chinglish words and phrases are mentioned in the passage
A．6.　　　　　　　　　　 B．7.
C．8. D．9.
解析：选B　细节理解题。文中共提及7个中国式英语表达。(1)第一段中的“You can you up, no can no bb.”意为“你行你上啊，不行就别瞎嚷嚷。”；(2)第三段中的tuhao意为“土豪”；(3)第三段中的“no zuo no die”意为“不作死就不会死”；(4)第五段中的dama意为“大妈”；(5)第五段中的fengshui意为“风水”；(6)第五段中的chengguan意为“城管”；(7)第五段中的people mountain people sea意为“人山人海”。
7．Which of the followings is NOT among the reasons why Chinglish becomes popular
A．Chinglish is spreading beyond grass roots websites.
B．Foreigners are looking more to the lifestyle and popular culture of China.
C．Chinglish is so vivid and much fun such as “dama” and “tuhao”．
D．Chinglish is reflections of the changes and trends in the Chinese society.
解析：选A　细节理解题。A项是中国式英语流行的表现，并不是原因。其他三个选项均能在文中找到。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．Chinglish swept through Chinese cyberspace
B．Behind Chinglish is the Chinese culture
C．Chinglish gains popularity overseas
D．Different opinion on Chinglish
解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第一段可知中国式英语被收进了the US web based Urban Dictionary, 由此推断中国式英语在海外流行开来了，下文分别列举了其他一些网络流行的中国式英语，并分析了其流行的原因。故选C。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Peter，
I am writing to tell you a absolutely wonderful news. Our school photography club is to hold an International Student Photography Exhibition, its theme is environmental protection. The exhibition will last three weeks. Those who is interested can sign up at the Student Union.
As far as I am concerned, particularly keen in taking photos, you are always having the desire do something for the environment. Which impresses me most are the photos you took while you visit the park. Why not show it to everyone at the exhibition You can definitely make the different, calling on people to devote themselves to protect the environment. I would be more than delighted if you could join us.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：第一句：去掉a
第二句：its前加and或its→whose
第四句：is→are
第五句：in→on; desire后加to
第六句：Which→What; visit→visited
第七句：it→them
第八句：different→difference; protect→protecting
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter在给您的邮件中提到他对中国的筷子文化很感兴趣，请根据以下要点给他回一封邮件，简要介绍中国筷子文化。
1．历史：3 000多年；
2．起源中国，流传至韩国及日本；
3．常用材质：竹子、木头；
4．推动中国厨艺发展；
5．餐桌礼仪。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．短文须包括所有提示内容；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：烹饪(术)cuisine
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad that you are very interested in Chinese culture, especially Chinese Chopstick Culture. Now I'd like to tell you something about it.
With a history of more than 3,000 years, Chopsticks, usually made of bamboo or wood, originated in China and spread to South Korea and Japan, which greatly promote Chinese cuisine development. At the same time. There are many table manners about chopsticks appearing, for example, don't hit the chopsticks or point at others when eating with chopsticks.
In addition, it is convenient to eat with chopsticks. I'm sure you'll enjoy it.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
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