Unit 1 Living well
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．entry n． 项目；进入；入口
2．clumsy adj. 笨拙的
3．firm n. 公司
adj. 结实的；坚固的；坚定的
4．literature n. 文学(作品)；著作；文献
5．companion n. 同伴；伙伴
6．certificate n. 证书
7．outwards adv. 向外
8．dignity n. 尊严；高贵的品质
9．software n. 软件
10．exit n. 出口；离开；退场
第二组：写其形
1．noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的
2．outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的
3．adapt vt. 使适应；改编
4．fellow adj. 同伴的；同类的
n. 同伴；同志；伙伴
5．conduct n. 行为；品行
vt. 指挥；管理；主持
6．graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼
7．handy adj. 方便的；有用的
8．community n. 社区；团体；社会
9．profit n. 收益；利润；盈利
10．resign vi. & vt. 辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)
11．adequate adj. 足够的；充分的
12．assistance n. 协助；援助
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit v．适合 n．西服；套装
2．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit n．优势；益处 v．对……有益
3．disability n．伤残；无力；无能→disabled adj.伤残的；残疾的→able adj.有能力的→enable v．使能够→ability n．能力
4．ambition n．雄心；野心；夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
5．absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent adj.缺席的；不在的
6．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n．烦恼
7．encouragement n．鼓励；奖励→encourage v．鼓励；鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→encouraged adj.受鼓舞的→discourage v．阻止；使气馁→courage n．勇气；胆量
8．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词
9．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
10．approval n．赞成；认可→approve v．支持；赞成；同意→disapprove v．不赞成；反对
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．in other words 换句话说
2．adapt to 适合；适应
3．cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
4．out of breath 上气不接下气
5．all in all 总而言之
6．sit around 闲坐着
7．as well as 和；也
8．in many ways 在很多方面
9．make fun of 取笑
10．never mind 不必担心；没关系；不要紧
11．all the best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利
12．meet with 遇到；经历；会晤
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．too ... to ... “太……而不能……”
悟原句 Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.
背佳句 For many students, such burden would be too heavy to bear.
2．现在分词短语作伴随状语
悟原句 I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
背佳句 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Every one of you will be welcome to take part in it, enjoying the short movie and giving your own comments.
3．it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式
悟原句 For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema.
背佳句 (2020·江苏高考)So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
1.“ val”结尾名词集锦
①approve→approval 赞成
②remove→removal 移除
③arrive→arrival 到达
④survive→survival 生存
⑤revive→revival 复兴
2.cut相关短语全接触
①cut out 切去；省略；停止
②cut in 插入；插话；插队
③cut off 切断；中断
④cut down 砍倒；削减
⑤cut up 切碎
3.all相关短语荟萃
①all in all 总而言之
②all the best 一切顺利
③all the same 尽管如此
④all at once 立刻；马上
⑤all of a sudden 突然
4.“out of＋名词”短语串烧
①out of breath 上气不接下气
②out of sight 看不见
③out of control 失控
④out of date 过期
⑤out of question 毫无疑问
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The business should be conducted (conduct) step by step, slowly and surely.
2．We offer our congratulations (congratulate) to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.
3．(2020·浙江7月高考)Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial (benefit) for some cities ...
4．(2020·天津7月高考)Galileo was not merely ambitious (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
5．As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence (absent) of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”
6．All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are accessible (access) to the disabled.
7．In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film adapted (adapt) from it.
8．What you have acted shows the position is not suitable (suit) for someone like you.In other words, you have lost the chance.
9．I firmly (firm) believe that communication and smiles act as bridges to friendship.
10．Over half of the students in our class approved of another basketball match with Class Two, but their approval was disapproved by our PE teacher. (approve)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．—I'm sorry for keeping you waiting.
—Never mind. I have been here only a few minutes.
2．He is the last to come. In other words, he is the latest.
3．Jim likes being praised by others, but dislikes being made fun of.
4．Scientists think life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in many ways.
5．Most students have a little difficulty in adapting to the social life after graduating from university.
6．When the children climbed up to the top of the mountain, they were all out of breath.
7．The editor cut out the last part of the news report to make it less controversial.
8．Not until he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of group work.
9．All in all, traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
10．It is a great honor as well as a pleasure for me to be praised by the teacher publicly before my classmates.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．adapt/adopt
①The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.
②If you think our suggestions work for you, then adopt them.
2．congratulate/celebrate
①What are you doing to celebrate this season we are in
②I should congratulate you that you resisted the temptation.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．①You can leave your umbrella in the entry. 入口
②This dictionary has over 30,000 entries. 词条
2．It's not easy walking in these clumsy shoes. 笨重的
3．He was afforded a certificate upon completion of his course of study. 证书
4．Our flat is very handy for the schools. 方便的
5．The real dignity of a man lies in what he is, not in what he has. 尊严
6．With the teacher's help, we decided to conduct an experiment. 进行
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．老实说，他太固执了，你说服不了他和我们一同前去。(too ...to ...)
To be honest, he is too stubborn for you to persuade him to go with us.
2．游客们聚集在火堆周围，与当地人共舞。(现在分词短语作状语)
Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
3．我想知道你下星期二来接我是否方便。(it作形式主语)
I wonder if it is convenient for you to pick me up next Tuesday.
4．大学毕业后，我逐渐使自己适应了独立生活。(adapt)
After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to living on my own.
1．adapt vt.使适应；改编
(1)adapt to 适应/适合……
adapt (oneself) to (doing) 使……适应(做)……
adapt ... to do ... 调整……以做……
(2)adapt ... from ... 根据……改编……
adapt ... for ... 把……改写/改编成……
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Third culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves (they) completely to their new surroundings as expected.
②Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.
③This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
④After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to living (live) on my own.
?补全句子
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)Taking some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt to the Chinese language environment.
参加一些网络汉语口语课程会对你适应汉语的语言环境有帮助。
[名师指津] 一“字母”之差，意义大不同。
adopt→
adapt→
2．absence n．缺席；不在某处
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 It is his absence of mind during driving that caused the accident, so he was absent from the meeting held yesterday.是他驾驶时的心不在焉导致了这场事故，所以他缺席了昨天举行的会议。
用法释义 (1)absence from 缺席；不在absence of mind 心不在焉in one's absence 某人不在时in the absence of 由于缺乏(2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的be absent from 不参加；缺席absent minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①He could not account for his absence (absent) from school, so the teacher was angry.
②Dear Miss, I am writing to apologize to you for being absent from the activity of the English club on May 5th.
?补全句子
③Actually, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
事实上，在没有母语环境的情况下，把英语作为一门外语来学习是非常困难的。
3．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼
(1)annoyed adj. 颇为生气的；感到恼火的
be annoyed with sb. 对某人感到生气
be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气
(2)annoying adj. 令人烦恼的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month.
②Talking loud in the cinema is an annoying (annoy) habit.
③I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing.
?补全句子
④(2016·江苏高考书面表达)To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.
说实话，投票者有时候颇为生气，不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间存在分歧。
4．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺
(1)congratulate ... on ... 就……向……祝贺
congratulate ... for ... 因……而祝贺……
(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；贺词；恭贺(常用复数)
congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事
send/offer congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①I think it's necessary for us to congratulate (congratulate) you on the excellent design of the new bridge.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.
③I'd like to offer my congratulations (congratulate) to you on your passing the driving test.
?改写句子
④I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese.(用congratulations on ...改写)
→Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese.
5．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性；(使用某物或接近某人的)机会或权利vt.存取；访问
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中access的词性和含义①To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.n.使用……的机会②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.n.通路③If all this information becomes even easier to access, is there an even greater risk of distraction？vt.访问
理明白 (1)have/get/gain (no) access to 有(没有)……的机会；可以(无法)获取/进入/接近……(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的be accessible to 可接近；可靠近；可使用
[针对训练] 补全句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Staff and students from different clubs will stage singing, dancing and drama performances in the music festival, where you can gain access to a performance opportunity as well.
来自不同社团的教职员工和学生将在音乐节上演唱、跳舞和戏剧表演，在那里你也可以获得表演的机会。
⑤(2018·江苏高考)Kids shouldn't have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.
孩子们不应该看暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。
⑥I think that the information should be accessible to all.
我认为这个信息应该向所有人公开。
1. in other words换句话说
word comes/came that ... 有消息传来说……
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one's word 遵守诺言
break one's word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with ... 与……谈一谈
have words with ... 与……争吵
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Word came that the 2024 Olympic Games will be held in Paris, France.
②She hoped he would keep his word. But her hope was a fragile thing.
?选词填空(have a word with/have words with )
He just wanted to ③have a word with his wife, but he got so angry during the conversation that they ④had words with each other.
?用word相关短语翻译句子
⑤总之，我相信未来我的生活会更加富有，更加多姿多彩。
In a word, I believe my life will be much richer and more colorful in the future.
⑥(2018·浙江6月高考写作)我们不知道身在何处。换句话说，我们根本回不到原来那条路上。
We had no idea where we were.In other words, we couldn't get back along the original track at all.
2．out of breath上气不接下气
(1)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
catch one's breath 喘息；屏息；喘口气
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
(2)breathe v. 呼吸
[演绎法练通]
?用breath的相关短语填空
①When he hurried to the railway station, tired and out of breath, Mike found the train had just left.
②He entered the smoky house, but soon had to run back to catch his breath.
③Tom lay still on the ground and held his breath when the bear came to him.
3．现在分词短语作状语
[教材原句] I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
用法规则 (1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句。(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。(3)一般情况下，现在或过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立结构。
注意事项 (1)现在分词作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词前面。(2)用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键，首先是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动，其次是分清其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。
[针对训练] 用现在分词作状语补全句子
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I speak English fluently, allowing me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.
我英语说得很流利，可以毫无困难地与来访者交流。
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The short film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting 2 hours.
这部短片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时。
③Class being over, the children went home.
一放学，孩子们就回家了。
④All audience having taken their seats, the play began.
所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始了。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Who hasn't received an email so annoying (annoy) that it ruined an entire day
3．(2020·天津5月高考)While there has been real progress in the e plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone's feet firmly (firm) on the ground.
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)A study conducted (conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
5．(2020·天津7月高考)Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned (resign) two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
6．(2020·天津5月高考)It will provide you with access to University facilities such as University Libraries, the Sports Centre, and Computing Services.
7．(2019·江苏高考)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance (assist)．
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making (make) fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection.
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to ...使用权
词类活用 (2019·北京高考)With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth friendly.v.进行
生词僻义 ①(2015·福建高考)And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming (肯定) our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher. 尊严②(2015·湖南高考)A pocket dictionary is small. Generally, it contains no more than 75,000 entries, making it handy to carry to class and efficient to use.方便的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 35 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future.
A．forbids B．appoints
C．encourages D．troubles
解析：选C 此处是说设置聊天长椅的意义，这种聊天长椅鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和彼此了解。
2．(2019·天津高考)My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some 16 station.
A．accessible B．hidden
C．unknown D．convenient
解析：选C 作者发现自己的钱包不见了的时候，G9公交车正在夜幕中快速行驶，这里表示公交车正驶向某一个未知的(unknown)车站。故选C。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year, I was 56 a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope.
A．observing B．preparing
C．designing D．conducting
解析：选D 根据空格后的a workshop, classroom door可知，作者正在举办一个研习班，这时有人敲教室的门。conduct“实施，组织”，符合语境。故选D项。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52 from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before.
A．graduation B．retirement
C．separation D．resignation
解析：选A 根据空前的“did several jobs”可知，此处表示Freddy从高中毕业后。graduation“毕业”，符合语境，故选A项。retirement“退休”；separation“分离”；resignation“辞职”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·北京高考书面表达)有必要强调亲自动手的重要性。(It is ＋ adj. ＋ to do sth.)
It is necessary to stress the importance of working with our own hands.
2．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)我认为传统的中国服装可能看起来太奇怪，不能穿，虽然有些人认为它更漂亮和时尚。(too ... to ...)
I think the traditional Chinese dress may look too strange to wear, although some think it more beautiful and stylish.
3．(2019·北京高考书面表达)在农场里，我们帮忙摘西瓜，汗流浃背地干活。(现在分词作伴随状语)
On the farm, we helped pick watermelons and worked hard, sweating all over.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①independent □
②determined □
③generous □
④optimistic □
⑤confident □
⑥devoted □
⑦delighted □
⑧diligent □
⑨worried □
⑩negative □
depressed □
encourage □
educate □
meet with □
go through □
worn out □
be concerned with □
suffer from □
in high spirits □
lead a ... life □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Tom, you are old enough. You should learn to be independent (自立) of your parents.
2．We should have an optimistic (乐观的) view of life.
3．I think people feel a bit more confident (有信心的)．
4．(2020·浙江1月高考) On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate (教育) people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.
5．I am sure if we are diligent (勤奋的) now, we will be successful in the future.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Parents are positively (positive) encouraged to come into the school.
2．The girl I chose was not only charming, but very determined(determine)．
3．She has contributed generously (generous) to the Red Cross in the last few years.
4．Indeed, I knew how devoted (devote) my father was to his patients.
5．What worried (worry)him most was their not going there.
6．Until the 18th century Scotland was an independent (independence)country, with a parliament of its own.
7．The young man viewed all his relationships rather negatively (negative)．
8．To meet with the film star he loved, he waited outside for an hour.
9．I never went through a final exam that was as difficult as that one.
10．In science we are always concerned with explanations, predictions, and tests.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．(2020·江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。
2．If you could keep the exercise, you'd be in high spirits.
如果你能坚持锻炼，你就会精神饱满。
3．If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets.
如果我可以重新来过， 我会生活得截然不同，留下更少遗憾。
4．Why do I feel worn out after an ordinary day's work at the office
在办公室里寻常的一天班之后，我为什么感到疲惫不堪呢？
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors assured us that with treatment he would be able to walk normally — but would never run very well. The first three years of his life were spent in surgery, casts and braces. By the time he was eight, you wouldn't know he had a problem when you saw him walk.
The children in our neighborhood ran around as most children do during play, and Joey would jump right in and run and play, too. We never told him that he probably wouldn't be able to run as well as the other children, so he didn't know.
In seventh grade he decided to go out for the cross country team. Every day he trained with the team. He worked harder and ran more than any of the others — perhaps he sensed that the abilities that seemed to come naturally to so many others did not come naturally to him. Although the entire team runs, only the top seven runners have the potential to score points for the school. We didn't tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn't know.
He continued to run four to five miles a day, every day — even the day he had a 39 degree fever. I was worried, so I went to look for him after school. I found him running all alone. When I asked him how he felt, he simply replied “OK”. He had two more miles to go. The sweat ran down his face and his eyes were glassy from his fever. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept running. We never told him he couldn't run four miles with a 39 degree fever, so he didn't know.
Two weeks later, the names of the team runners were called. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had made the team. He was in seventh grade — the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he shouldn't expect to make the team. We never told him he couldn't do it, so he didn't know. He just made it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者的儿子Joey生来双脚畸形，经过治疗，医生认为他像常人一样跑步的可能性微乎其微。然而，他一直不知道自己的病情，经过不断努力，他最终恢复到了正常状态。
1．According to the passage, we can describe Joey as a/an person.
A．ambitious B．determined
C．independent D．courageous
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第四段第一句可推知，Joey是一个有决心的人。故选B。
2．The author repeats the sentence “so he didn't know” in order to .
A．criticize the ignorance of Joey
B．impress the readers with Joey's optimism
C．show the over protection of Joey's parents
D．emphasize the unlimited potential of human beings
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句、第四段最后一句及最后一段最后两句可知，Joey做到了那些他不能做的事情。由此可推知，作者重复这句话是为了强调人的无限潜能。故选D。
3．Which of the following proverbs is best conveyed in the story
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Rome was not built in a day.
C．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D．The longest journey begins with the first step.
解析：选C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要叙述了作者的儿子Joey生来双脚畸形，经过治疗，医生认为他像常人一样跑步的可能性微乎其微。然而，他一直不知道自己的病情，经过努力，他恢复到了正常状态。由此可推知，本文传达了“功夫不负有心人”的精神。故选C。
B
Rich as a King
(2021·大连模拟)William Ⅰ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet (抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower (割草机). How did he get by
History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn't buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.
Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you'd think I'd be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard's new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.
There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You'd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.
Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today's standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.
Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers' fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can't keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.
语篇解读：本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。
4．What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean
A．Succeed as a king.
B．Deal with complaints.
C．Live in a satisfactory way.
D．Get some extra money.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据对第一段第二、三句的理解可推知，没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。
5．How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了四个历史人物，他们分别是：William Ⅰ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。
6．According to the passage, the author intends to .
A．tell us to be content with life
B．warn us to live in a simple way
C．teach us to learn lessons from life
D．encourage us to struggle for wealth
解析：选A 写作意图题。根据文章的标题Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。
7．What's the author's attitude towards life
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncaring. D．Cautious.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I can't keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.”可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。
C
Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. That ambition nearly ended one night in 2010. Hill, then a 17 year old high school senior in Pacific Grove, California, was in a car accident that left her paralyzed from the waist down. For most people, that would have dashed any hope of a dancing career. For Hill, it was the beginning. “I wanted to prove to my community — and to myself — that I was still‘normal’，”she told Teen Vogue.“Whatever normal meant.”
Normal for her meant dancing, so Hill did it in the wheelchair right alongside her non disabled high school dance team. “It definitely took a lot of learning and practice，” Hill told Today.
After graduation, Hill wanted to expand her dance network to include women like her. She met people online who had suffered various injuries but shared her determination, and she invited them to dance with her.
Hoping to reach more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities she calls the Rollettes, “I want to break down the stereotype of wheelchair users and show that dance is dance, whether you're walking or you're rolling，” she told CBS News. Dancing on wheels, the Rollettes discovered, can be just as fast paced, artful, and fulfilling as the foot based variety. They're having fun, and the fun is touching.
Hill has attained what many of us never will：her childhood dream. But the Rollettes have helped her find something else just as fulfilling. Every year she holds a dance camp for wheelchair users of all ages and abilities with an eye to helping them find their inner Ginger Rogers or Julianne Hough.
The dancers aren't the only ones feeling inspired. One woman saw a YouTube video of the team competing and commented, “You guys are so awesome! To be in a wheelchair and still be so beautiful makes me know I can be beautiful too! Thank you！”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了因遭遇意外而下半身瘫痪的女孩Chelsie Hill身残志坚、乐观向上，坚持追求舞蹈梦想，并且通过自己的行动影响更多残疾人的励志故事。
8．What can we learn about Chelsie Hill
A．She was born with disability.
B．She experienced a car accident in 2014.
C．She dreamed to be a dancer since childhood.
D．Her dancing career stopped when she was 17.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Chelsie Hill自幼就梦想成为一名舞蹈家。故选C。
9．How did Chelsie Hill prove herself to be normal
A．By graduating with honor.
B．By dancing in a wheel chair.
C．By refusing to use a wheelchair.
D．By starting a high school dance team.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，她通过坐在轮椅上跳舞以证明她是正常的。故选B。
10．Why did Chelsie Hill start Rollettes
A．To satisfy her own ambition.
B．To better understand achievement.
C．To accomplish both success and fame.
D．To inspire more disabled women to dance.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句及最后一段第二、三句可推知，她组建此舞蹈队是为了鼓励更多的残疾女性来跳舞。故选D。
11．What's the best title of the passage
A．Chase Your Dreams — Even in a Wheelchair
B．Form a Dance Team — a Big Bonus
C．Become a Dancer — a Challenging Dream
D．Dance on Wheels — a New Trend
解析：选A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了主人公Chelsie Hill因遭遇意外而下半身瘫痪却身残志坚、乐观向上，坚持追求舞蹈梦想，并且通过自己的行动影响更多残疾人的励志故事。A项“追逐你的梦想——即使在轮椅上”符合文章主旨，适合作本文的标题。故选A。
tips 根据段落大意，提炼文章大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。根据全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。
例如上文C篇阅读中主题句不明显，但是每段的中心很明显，把每段中心意义连接起来，便很容易得出整篇的文章的中心为“Chase Your Dreams — Even in a Wheelchair”。
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19Unit 2 Robots
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．fiction n． 小说；虚构或想象出来的事
2．overweight adj. 超重的；体重超常的
3．elegant adj. 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
4．scan vt. 细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描
5．absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
6．awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；
(口语)糟透的
7．affair n. 事务；事情；暧昧关系
8．cuisine n. 烹饪(风味)；菜肴
9．grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的
10．imagination n. 想象(力)；创造力；幻想物
第二组：写其形
1．desire n. 渴望；欲望；渴求
vt. 希望得到；想要
2．bonus n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利
3．sympathy n. 同情(心)
4．pile n. 堆；摞；叠
vi. 堆起；堆积
vt. 把……堆起；积聚
5．envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕
6．affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情
7．bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的
8．part time adj. 兼职的
9．junior adj. 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的
n. 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者
10．staff n. 全体员工；手杖
11．divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系
vt. 与……离婚；与……脱离
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy vt.使满足；使满意→satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的
2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的→alarming adj.使人害怕的；令人担忧的
3．favour n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙vt.喜爱；偏袒→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的
4．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏→company n．陪伴；伴随→companion n．伙伴；伴侣；同伴
5．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration n．宣言；公告
6．talent n．天才；天赋；特殊能力；才干→talented adj.有才能的
7．obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从→disobey vt.& vi.不服从；违抗
8．assessment n．评价；评定→assess vt.评价；评定；估价；估定
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．test out 考验出；检验完
2．ring up 给……打电话
3．in favour of 支持；赞成
4．or rather 更确切地说
5．set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
6．in all 一共；总计
7．be bound to 一定做……
8．reach for 伸手去够
9．turn around 转身；翻转
10．leave ...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；
和……单独在一起
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．it作形式主语的主语从句
悟原句 It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
背佳句 (2020·江苏高考)It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
2．地点副词位于句首时的完全倒装句式
悟原句 As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
背佳句 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Here are some relevant details about this movie.
3．what感叹句式
悟原句 What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！
背佳句 (2018·北京高考书面表达)What an unforgettable and meaningful day it was！
1.over 前缀词全接触
①overweight adj. 超重的
②overload v. 超载
③overvalue v. 高估
④overwork v. 工作过度
⑤overuse v. 过度使用
2.“ fy”结尾动词集锦
①satisfy 使满意
②beautify 美化
③classify 把……分类
④purify 净化
⑤simplify 简化
3.“事务”繁多
①affair n． 事务；事情
②event n. 重大事件
③accident n. 意外事故
④incident n. (不平常的)事
4.“总共；总计”的相关表达
①in all 一共；总计
②in total 总共；总计
③all together 总共；一起
④altogether adv. 总共；完全地
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It is a great satisfaction (satisfy) to know the hero finally awoke.
2．Anny was so alarmed (alarm) that she dared not turn off the lights.
3．If you had obeyed (obey) the order, the disaster could not have happened.
4．Some doctors advise setting (set) aside a certain hour each day for exercise.
5．The new policy, if strictly operated, is bound to benefit (benefit) lots of low income families.
6．All the staff in our company are (be) considering going to the city centre for the fashion show.
7．It's impolite to be interested in others' affairs (affair)．
8．After living in Hangzhou for five years, she has developed quite an affection (affect) for the city.
9．At present, the rapid spread of the disease is alarming (alarm) the medical authorities.They are anxious like a cat on hot bricks.
10．Children, when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．—Why didn't you ring me up
—Sorry, I forgot your phone number.
2．He turned around as he heard a noise behind him.
3．There are 32 boys and 26 girls in our class in all.
4．Only one third of the people present at the meeting voted in favour of the new law.
5．My daughter showed a lot of sympathy for the people who were begging from the passing shoppers.
6．Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard working people.
7．They usually have the medicine tested out before putting into the market.
8．Having left Tom alone at home, he felt a bit nervous.
9．The president was so young that he was junior to some of his employees.
10．In the background of protecting the national culture heritage, local government begins to declare them as non material cultural heritage.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．company/accompany
①Why don't you stay here and keep Emma company
②He sang and Alice accompanied him on the piano.
2．set about/set out
①He has achieved what he set out to do three years ago.
②On arriving there, they set about doing the experiment.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．①Did you get your Christmas bonus？ 奖金
②If it also works, that is an added bonus. 意外的收获
2．I like my clothes to be simple but elegant. 雅致的
3．It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather. 荒谬的
4．Envy has always been the shadow of success. 嫉妒
5．Don't waste your affection on him, he'll never love you. 感情
6．I'm sorry to call so late, but I need a favour. 帮忙
Ⅴ.多义比比看——一词多义
1．写出下列各句中while的含义
①Men tended to be violent while women acted in the opposite way. 然而
②While I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace disappeared. 当……时
③She worked in a bank for a while before studying law. 一会儿
④While those seeds are expensive, the companies tell farmers that they will make good profits. 虽然
2．写出下列各句中set aside的含义
①After the experiment, please set the chemicals and tools aside. 将……放在一边
②I try to set aside a few minutes each day to help my mother do the housework, though I am very busy. 为……留出时间
③(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. 为……节省钱
Ⅵ.补全句子
1．院门口站着两头石狮子。(地点副词位于句首的完全倒装)
There stand two stone lions at the entrance of the yard.
2．很遗憾你错过了在北京举办的世界机器人大会。(it作形式主语)
It's a pity that you missed the World Robot Conference held in Beijing.
3．昨天我们在海滩上玩得多开心呀！(what感叹句式)
What a good time we had on the beach yesterday!
4．今后我不会再容忍你那样跟你父亲说话。(have sb. doing)
I won't have you speaking to your father like that in future.
1．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要
?单句语法填空
①(2019·天津高考)Reading satisfies my desire to keep(keep) learning.
②(2017·天津高考)We all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
③The teacher desired that all the exercises (should) be handed (hand) in before school was over.
?翻译句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。
I desire to have the chance to become a volunteer.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)have a strong desire
meet/satisfy one's desire 满足某人的愿望
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire that ... (should) do sth. 希望……做某事
2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐
(1)in alarm 惊恐地
(2)alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的
be alarmed at/by 对……惊恐/担心
be/get alarmed about 对……大惊小怪
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①On hearing the scream, he jumped up in alarm.
②She took a sip from her drink, trying not to appear alarmed (alarm)．
③The firemen were alarmed at/by the big fire they had never seen before.
?改写句子
④I was on my way to the bookstore when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, and it frightened me a lot.(用alarmed和which引导的非限制性定语从句升级句子)
→I was on my way to the bookstore when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which made me alarmed a lot/which alarmed me a lot.
3．favour n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；偏爱；支持 vt.喜爱；偏袒
(1)ask sb.a favour 请某人帮忙
帮某人一个忙
(2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成
in one's favour 对某人有利
(3)favourable adj. 赞成的；优惠的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Then we voted for the monitor. The result was 28 to 15 in Wang Hong's favour.
②Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I am on the phone, will you
③(2019·江苏高考)Favourable (favour) policies are in effect to encourage employees' professional development.
?补全句子
④People who are in favour of modern city life may think it is rather dull to live in the countryside.
喜欢现代城市生活的人可能会认为生活在农村很枯燥。
4．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
(1)accompany sb. to someplace 陪伴/陪同某人到某地
(2)accompany sb. at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏
accompanied by/with ... 伴随……发生
(3)company n. [U] 陪伴；作伴
keep pany 陪伴某人
in the company of sb. 在某人的陪伴/陪同下
(4)companion n. [C] 伙伴；伴侣；同伴
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①I don't think it's necessary for parents to accompany their children to college.
②While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her at/on the piano.
③With nobody accompanying (accompany) her during the festival, the old lady felt lonely.
?补全句子
④(2018·浙江6月高考写作)During summer vacation, I worked part time in a travel agency and accompanied some foreign tourists, which helped me accumulate relevant experience.
在暑假，我在一家旅行社做过兼职，陪同一些外国游客，这帮助我积累了相关经验。
?选词填空(company/companion)
We became ⑤companions in misfortune. Whenever we get into trouble, he always keeps me ⑥company.
[易混辨析] accompany, company
①词性区别：accompany为动词，company除了动词还可以作为名词使用；
②意思区别： accompany除了意为“陪伴”还可意为“给人伴奏”，company名词意为“公司；陪伴”；
③语态区别： accompany多指主动陪伴，company常指被动伴随，常作keep, bear等的宾语补足语。
5．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
declare for/against 声明赞成/反对
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare ... to be/as ... 宣布……为/是……
declare that ... 宣告；宣称
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏高考)Wuhan declared (declare) temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions.
②The day after the Pear Harbour Incident, US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war on/against Japan.
?补全句子
③They declared against building a new bridge because it would cost a lot of money.
他们反对建一座新桥，因为那会花很多钱。
④She declared that the theory was right.
她宣称这一理论是正确的。
1. leave ... alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
leave aside (把某事)暂时搁置一边
leave behind 遗留；把……抛在后面
leave for ... 动身前往……
leave out 省略；遗漏；冷落
leave off 终止；中断
[演绎法练通]
?选词填空(leave ... alone/leave aside/leave behind)
①She's asked to be left alone but the press photographers follow her everywhere.
②The United Nations estimates that more than 900 million people move away for work, often leaving their children behind.
③I wonder why they left aside such an important question last time.
?补全句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) Don't worry! We Chinese are friendly and you won't feel left out.
不要担心，我们中国人都很友好，你不会感到被冷落的。
2．set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑
set off 动身；出发；引爆；引发
set up 建立；引起
set down 写下；放下
set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)
set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①He will set down all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.
②The school has set up a special class to help those poor learners.
?选词填空(set out/set about)
③Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing your business plan.
④Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set out to prepare your business plan.
?补全句子
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the music concert.
我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间来参加这个音乐会。
3．地点副词位于句首时引起的完全倒装
[教材原句] As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
用法规则 (1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词时，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为：分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语。
注意事项 (1)当主语是人称代词时，不用完全倒装语序。如：In he came and the lesson began.(2)there be句型中的there还可以接表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为：there＋存在类动词＋主语。如：There live the Green's a mile away.
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①The moment the bell rang, out rushed (rush) the children.
②The Public Square is an eye catching sight of the city.There stands (stand) a stone sculpture of a famous historical figure.
③Present at the conference were (be) experts from all over the world.
④Buried in the earth was (be) a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.
?补全句子
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings.
锻炼有很多好处，尤其是在早上。
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)There will be a wide variety of activities to mark this unforgettable occasion.
届时将有各式各样的活动来纪念这个难忘的时刻。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires (desire) only the calm and restful average.
2．(2020·天津7月高考)I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy (satisfy) herself.
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)But like anyone for whom you feel affection (affect), customers can also drive you mad.
5．(2019·江苏高考)Favorable (favor) policies are in effect to encourage employees' professional development.
6．(2017·北京高考)It was a woman, pushing an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was piled (pile) with bags.
7．(2017·浙江高考)Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2017·浙江11月高考)I had terrible pictures in my mind: “Honey, where are the kids？” “What？！ Oh, Gosh ... I thought they were being awfully quiet.”非常
词类活用 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e spaces.v.扫描②(2017·北京高考)It was a woman，pushing an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was piled with bags.v.装满
生词僻义 ①(2019·浙江6月高考)While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. 同情②(2019·天津高考)Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all.喜爱③(2018·江苏高考)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.全体员工
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)I couldn't quite believe my luck — it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .
A．common B．confusing
C．desirable D．awful
解析：选D 此处使用了虚拟语气，结合空格前内容可知，这场意外的后果本可能会很糟糕，故选D项。
2．(2019·天津高考)I read that people are more divided than ever, but that's not how the people I 32 tend to act.
A．encounter B．follow
C．consult D．accompany
解析：选A 句意：我读到过，人们比以往任何时候都更加疏远了，但是我意外遇到的人们却不是那样的。A项意为“遇到”；B项意为“跟随”；C项意为“咨询”；D项意为“陪伴”。故选A。
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)In the store, I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our “friend” there would appreciate. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17 year old suggested giving him a gift card. I thought about it. We were low on cash ourselves, but ... well, sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do! All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week.
A．declared B．shared
C．ignored D．expected
解析：选A 根据语境可知，孩子们都给那个人选了礼物，所以他们宣布(declare)这周他们放弃某些东西。“they could do away with for the week”是定语从句，修饰something, do away with为固定搭配，意为“摆脱，舍弃”。
4．(2014·福建高考)Each year I would ask my father if I could skip the recital “just this once”. And each year he'd shake his head, muttering (嘀咕) something about building self confidence and working towards a goal.
So it was with really great 40 that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and watched my 68 year old father sweating in his shirt before rising to play the piano in his very first recital.
A．trouble B．satisfaction
C．strength D．disappointment
解析：选B 联系前文作者不想参加演奏会时，父母鼓励作者，此时68岁的父亲也要参加钢琴独奏会，因此作者带着很大的满足感(satisfaction)想看看年纪这么大的父亲能否演奏成功。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·天津高考书面表达)多么想让别人听到我的声音啊！(what引导的感叹句)
What an urge to make my voice heard!
2．(2019·北京高考书面表达)农场里来了一些学生，他们帮助摘西瓜。(地点状语放在句首，用倒装)
On the farm arrived some students, who helped pick watermelons.
3．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)很明显，他们是亲自来学习中国文化的。(it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语)
It is very clear that they come to learn about Chinese culture with their own eyes.
4．(2018·天津高考书面表达)得知你在设计机器人方面颇有天赋，我很想邀请你前来参加。(talent, desire)
Learning you have shown great talent in designing robots，here I desire to invite you to join.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①advanced □
②promising □
③helpful □
④household □
⑤engineer □
⑥breakthrough □
⑦analyse □
⑧observe □
⑨explore □
⑩equip □
invent □
develop □
simplify □
demand □
keep up with □
under control □
on the increase □
deal with □
rely on □
have an effect on □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced (先进的) technology, more and more AI products are widely used in everyday life.
2．The system can simplify (使简化) metrical procedures to lower construction investment and operation costs.
3．While household (家用的) robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.
4．The phenomenal growth in demand (需求) for big data talent is apparently set to continue.
5．The engineer (工程师) is thought to be capable and modest, so his promotion to manager is a popular appointment.
6．The smallest breakthrough (突破) can mean a great deal.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The e nose is helpful (help)in killing harmful insects.
2．The main problem to development (develop) is the country's large population.
3．The newspapers described her as a promising(promise) young singer.
4．The patient was kept under observation (observe)all night.
5．The invention (invent) of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
6．The soldiers are fully equipped(equip), they are ready to join the battle at any time.
7．It is true during their explorations (explore) they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature.
8．In the final analysis (analyse) I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.
9．(2020·浙江1月高考) His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control.
10．(2020·江苏高考)Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．We will rely on scientific and technological advancement to encourage the role of market mechanism and economic leverage.
我们将依靠科技进步，发挥市场机制和经济杠杆的作用。
2．The information highway will not only make it easier to keep up with distant friends, but will also enable us to find new companions.
信息高速公路将不仅会使与遥远的朋友保持联系变得更容易，而且还能使我们找到新的朋友。
3．Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.
学会处理社会问题同样重要。
4．With China's development and prosperity, the demand for Mandarin lessons is on the increase.
随着中国的发展和繁荣，学习汉语的需求也在增加。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
My daughter Kelly is a cautious person. She needs to warm up to situations, and is 1 to try new things. When with close friends, she becomes a 2 who laughs loudly and chants, “Girls rule, boys drool.” But when that 3 zone is not around her, she is shy and 4 .
This has been challenging for me 5 . “Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to 6 me. But this has been a year of 7 for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of 8 . This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team. This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels. And this year she 9 her first kids' triathlon (三项全能)．
On Saturday, with a thunderstorm coming soon and my son's birthday party later in the day, we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to 10 her first triathlon. We practiced transitions from swim to 11 and to run with her. We got all the equipment she'd need and we kept talking about the 12 . But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her 13 ， she 14 my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times. She was nervous but trying to keep calm.
And then it was time for her to go. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart 15 quickly. My daughter 16 into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the 17 with the biggest smile on her face.
I can honestly say that I never felt so 18 of someone in my entire life. It wasn't because she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of something and 19 that fear with confidence and fire I hadn't seen before.
All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt like I 20 that day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿Kelly是一个做事谨慎、不自信且害羞的人，但是自从她参加了三项全能训练及比赛后，发生了很大的变化，对此作者感到很自豪。
1．A.brave B．eager
C．hesitant D．willing
解析：选C 根据文章首句可知，她需要对各种情况进行热身并且对尝试新事物犹豫不决(hesitant)。
2．A.troublemaker B．leader
C．thinker D．fighter
解析：选B 根据下文中的“who laughs loudly and chants, ‘Girls rule, boys drool.’ But when that 3 zone is not around her, she is shy and 4 ”可知，当与亲密的朋友在一起的时候，她就成为一位领导(leader)。
3．A.comfort B．danger
C．hardship D．compromise
解析：选A 根据上文中的“ ... laughs loudly and chants”可知，作者的女儿跟朋友在一起时感到很舒服，所以此处为当那个舒适(comfort)区不在她身边的时候。
4．A.scary B．nervous
C．painful D．thrilled
解析：选B 根据上文中的“But when that 3 zone is not around her”可知，她会感到害羞和紧张(nervous)。
5．A.some times B．some time
C．on time D．at times
解析：选D 根据下文中的“‘Shy’ is not a word that I think has ever been used to 6 me”可知，此处表示“这对作者来说有时很有挑战性”。
6．A.attract B．catch
C．describe D．meet
解析：选C 根据上文中的“This has been challenging for me”可知，这对作者来说很有挑战性，说明作者并不总是那么害羞，因此用害羞来描述作者不合适。
7．A.firsts B．seconds
C．finals D．ends
解析：选A 根据下文中的“This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team ... And this year she 9 her first kids' triathlon (三项全能)．”可知，但对作者的女儿来说，这是她有很多第一次(firsts)的一年，让她充满了新的自信。
8．A.circumstance B．confidence
C．coincidence D．dependence
解析：选B 参见上题解析。confidence“自信”。
9．A.defeated B．lost
C．completed D．quitted
解析：选C 根据上文中的“This year she moved to lap lane in swimming ... ride a bike without training wheels.”可知，今年作者的女儿取得了很多成绩，此处与前文形成并列，所以此处为今年她首次完成了(completed) 她的三项全能。
10．A.arrange B．attend
C．achieve D．accompany
解析：选B 为了Kelly去参加(attend)她的第一次三项全能比赛，我们全家人在早晨很早的时候就出门了。
11．A.bus B．bike
C．taxi D．motorcycle
解析：选B 根据第二段中的“This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels.”可知选B。
12．A.race B．life
C．test D．assignment
解析：选A 根据第二段中的“And this year she 9 her first kids' triathlon (三项全能)．”可知，作者的女儿是在进行比赛，所以此处为我们购买了她需要的所有设备，我们一直在谈论比赛(race)。
13．A.chance B．turn
C．failure D．success
解析：选B 根据上文中的“But as we waited the two hours ...”及第四段第一句“And then it was time for her to go.”可知，作者和女儿正在等待，所以此处表示“在轮到女儿之前”。
14．A.held B．pressed
C．squeezed D．scratched
解析：选A 上文说作者的女儿是一个谨慎害羞的孩子，所以在向作者表达爱意的时候不免有些紧张，所以此处为她紧紧地拉着(held)作者的腿，告诉作者她很爱作者。
15．A.settled B．arose
C．sank D．rose
解析：选D 根据上文中的“From the second she jumped into the water”可知，作者的女儿参加比赛，作为家长会感到很紧张，即此处表示“我的心迅速地提了起来(rose)”。
16．A.translated B．transplanted
C．transformed D．transported
解析：选C 根据下文中的“She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the 17 with the biggest smile on her face.”可知，作者的女儿已经有了很大的改变，因此transformed符合语境。
17．A.stand B．summit
C．deadline D．finish
解析：选D 从开始到结束(finish)的整个过程中，她都一直处于主导地位，而且脸上始终带着灿烂的微笑。
18．A.ashamed B．sensible
C．proud D．critical
解析：选C 女儿从一个害羞没有自信的女孩变成很有自信的女生，作为家长，作者感到很自豪。
19．A.seized B．conquered
C．grasped D．possessed
解析：选B 此处表示“用自信和激情克服了(conquered)恐惧，这是我以前从没见过的”。
20．A.won B．thought
C．reserved D．removed
解析：选A 根据上文中的“All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling.”可知，女儿的胜利使作者感到很自豪，所以尽管女儿可能戴着决赛的奖牌，但作者觉得那天是自己赢(won)了。
tips 完形填空之把握“一词多义”，力避“望文生义”
在英语中，不少单词有两个甚至多个意思，我们把这种现象称之为一词多义。一词多义是很普遍的语言现象。在完形填空的选项中，有时也出现一些多义词。对这类词的常见意义掌握得不够全面，会给考生在解答完形填空时带来很大的干扰，导致错选。
如果对词义掌握不到位，就容易造成错选。在复习词汇的过程中，我们要特别关注和积累多义词，特别是常用动词及其短语，在解题过程中，注意联系语境，灵活运用，不要“望文生义”。
例如上文第12题选项中的race有“赛跑；竞赛；竞争；种族；血统”等词义，此处语境考查的是“竞赛”之意。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
While the Internet is a great place for learning, socialising and having fun, it can also come with some danger. It's understandable that you may want to stop your children from ever going online in order to protect them. 1 . Here are five tips to help you talk to your kids about online safety.
Be honest about the dangers
As soon as your kids are old enough to get online, have an age appropriate chat with them about what they could meet with. Be honest about the issue of scammers (骗子) and advise them to come to you if they come across such incidents. Let them know that the anonymity (匿名) of the Internet allows people to pretend to be someone they're not so. 2 .
Encourage them to speak up
Flag certain behaviours or incidents that they should immediately alert you to. These include someone they don't know trying to communicate with them online, coming across inappropriate sites, and someone threatening them online.
Let them know that they won't be punished
Your kids may be scared to tell you if they've encountered trouble online for fear that you may stop the usage of their phone or computer. 3 . Your role is to help them and keep them safe.
4
Make it absolutely clear that there are a few things that are completely out of bounds. These include meeting up with anyone they got to know online whom they don't know in real life, giving away any personal information such as their address or phone number, or your credit card details, and posting personal photos or videos that they wouldn't be comfortable sharing with the world.
Spend time with your kids online
Sit with them when they're using the computer or phone. 5 . If you encounter a site or post that is inappropriate, explain clearly why you think so.
A．Set rules for what they shouldn't do
B．Internet is a place filled with danger
C．Completely stopping them using Internet is the best way
D．Make it clear that you won't punish them for being honest
E．Find out what sites they're using or games they're playing
F．Just as they wouldn't trust strangers in real life, they need to be extra careful online
G．However, it's far better to equip them with the right skills so they will be able to deal with dangerous situations.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。虽然网络是学习、社交和娱乐的地方，但也存在着危险。关于如何帮助孩子们了解网络安全，文章给出了五个提示。
1．选G 根据上文可知，空处应表示转折，G项“然而让他们掌握处理危险境况的技能更好”承接上文并引出下文。故选G。
2．选F F项“正像他们在现实生活中不要相信陌生人一样，他们在网上需要额外小心”说明前文所提建议的重要性，承接上文，故选F。
3．选D 根据上文可知，孩子们会因害怕你禁止他们用手机或电脑而不告诉你所遇到的网络麻烦。所以明确你不会因为他们的诚实而惩罚他们是很重要的。故选D。
4．选A 根据后文可知，本段主要讲述要制定规矩。A项“为孩子们不能做的事情立规矩”作为本段的小标题最为恰当。故选A。
5．选E E项“查明他们在使用什么网站或玩什么游戏”承接上文，坐一起目的是为了看看孩子们在玩什么。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·江西五校协作体联考)A new social robot has been introduced to the public at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. The robot, 1 (call) Nadine, was built by a research team at the university.
Nadine has brown hair and human like skin. She can talk and act like a human and she even has her own personality. The robot can show emotions, like anger and 2 (sad) and change into different moods, 3 (depend) on the topics she is talking about.
Nadine is the most advanced and human like robot so far. She has built in software that is similar to Apple's Siri, which works on 4 iPhone. The new social robot has capabilities that have never been implemented in other robots so far. Nadine can not only remember people she 5 (meet) before, but she can recall things that she said at 6 (early) conversations as well.
Up to now, robots have been used widely in the manufacturing industry. However, more and more robots 7 (equip) with social functions. This could be important 8 our population becoming older. Working robots could be the solution to a decreasing workforce. On the other hand, such social robots could care for children or older people. They could play and talk with them or keep them company.
Currently, Nadine 9 (have) a job as a receptionist at the university, 10 she answers questions asked by students and other visitors.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。类人机器人Nadine是由新加坡南洋理工大学研究团队制作的机器人，她有着棕色的头发和像人一样的皮肤，能表达愤怒、悲伤等情感，有一定的社交能力，能记住曾经遇到的人、曾经说过的话。
1．called 考查非谓语动词。句意：该机器人名叫Nadine，由这所大学的一个研究团队制造。分析该句结构可知，动词call和其逻辑主语The robot之间为动宾关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。
2．sadness 考查名词。根据该句中的“anger and”可知，空处与名词“anger”并列，也应当用名词形式。
3．depending 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，动词depend和其逻辑主语The robot之间为主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。
4．an/the 考查冠词。句意：她装有和苹果的Siri相似的内置软件，该软件在iPhone中运行。iPhone为可数名词，且该处可以表示泛指，也可以表示特指。
5．has met 考查动词的时态。句意：Nadine不但能记住以前遇到的人，还能记得她在更早的交谈中讲过的话。根据语境以及该句中的时间状语“before”可知，该句应用现在完成时。
6．earlier 考查形容词的比较级。句意参见上题解析。根据句意可知，该处指“更早的交谈”，故用形容词的比较级。
7．are being equipped 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，越来越多的机器人正在被配备社交功能。该句主语robots为复数，和动词equip之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。且由语境可知，应用现在进行时，故填are being equipped。
8．with 考查介词。句意：随着人口的逐渐老龄化，这会变得很重要。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了with的复合结构，with的宾语是our population，现在分词短语becoming older作with的宾语补足语。
9．has 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：最近，Nadine拥有了一份在该大学做接待员的工作，在那里她回答学生和其他参观人员提出的问题。该句主语为Nadine，为单数形式，故谓语动词用单数；根据该句中的“Currently”可知，该句陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时。
10．where 考查定语从句。句意参见上题解析。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the university，在从句中作地点状语，故用where来引导该从句。
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21Unit 3 Under the sea
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．anecdote n． 轶事；奇闻
2．shore n. 岸；海滨
3．grey adj.& n. 灰色(的)
4．meantime adv. 其间；同时
5．suck vt.& vi. 吮吸
6．seal n. 海豹；封条；印章
7．boundary n. 界限；分界线
8．awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
第二组：写其形
1．seaside n. & adj. 海边(的)；海滨(的)
2．yell vi. 大叫；呼喊
n. 叫声；喊声
3．flee vi. 逃避；逃跑
vt. 逃离
4．narrow adj. 狭窄的；有限的
5．pause vi.& n. 暂停；中止
6．drag vt. 拖；拉；扯
7．target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象
8．opposite prep. 在……对面
adj. 相对的；相反的
9．annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的
n. 年刊；年鉴
10．witness vt. 当场见到；目击
n. 目击者；证人；证据
11．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
12．dive vi.& n. 跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲
13．teamwork n. 协作；配合
14．shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
15．conservation n. 保存；保护
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．accommodation n．住所；住宿→accommodate vt.为……提供住宿
2．depth n．深(度)；深处→deep adj.& adv.深的(地)→deeply adv.深深地→deepen v．使加深；使强烈；变深
3．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；迫切的
4．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
5．relationship n．关系；血缘关系；交往→relate v．使有联系；叙述→related adj.有关系的；有关联的→relation n．关系
6．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection n．反射；反映；映像
7．aware adj. 意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识；觉悟；认识
8．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen v．削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利→sharpener n．磨；削具
9．tasty adj.好吃的；可口的→taste n．味道 v．品尝→tasteless adj.无味的
10．scare vt.恐吓vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．aim at 瞄准；力求达到；旨在
2．ahead of 优于；在……前面
3．get close to 靠近；接近
4．be about to do 即将做；将要做
5．(be) scared to death 吓死了
6．upside down 上下翻转
7．in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时
8．help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
9．hold up 起；阻挡；使延误
10．be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．关系副词when引导定语从句
悟原句 It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
背佳句 The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be always going wrong.
2．see ... doing sth.“看见……正在做某事”，v. ing形式的被动式作宾语补足语
悟原句 As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
背佳句 We see more and more ancient buildings being destroyed or pulled down.
3．where ..., there be ...“在……地方，有……”，where引导地点状语从句
悟原句 The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
背佳句 As we all know, where there is life, there is hope.
1.以“ rrow”结尾的词一览
①narrow adj. 狭窄的
②arrow n. 箭头
③borrow v. 借
④sorrow n. 悲伤
⑤sparrow n. 麻雀
2.含后缀 th的名词荟萃
①depth 深度
②width 宽度
③length 长度
④truth 真理
⑤growth 成长
3.“v.＋at”动词短语盘点
①aim at 瞄准
②point at 指向
③arrive at 到达
④laugh at 嘲笑
⑤knock at 敲(门、窗等)
4.hold相关短语集合
①hold up 举起；阻挡
②hold on 坚持；稍等
③hold back 踌躇；阻止
④hold out 维持；坚持
⑤hold off 推迟；战胜
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He described what he had witnessed (witness) in China, which aroused much interest among his countrymen.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect (reflect) on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago.
3．This morning I received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to come (come) to his practice for immediate treatment of my teeth.
4．I wish that sports day could be abandoned (abandon) and replaced with some other less competitive events.
5．Only when everyone has the environmental awareness (aware) can we have cleaner air.
6．The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with a few short pauses (pause) in between.
7．To everyone's surprise, the CEO fled (flee) to the south, leaving his company in a mess.
8．(2020·天津5月高考)Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance (无知). We're scared (scare) of the things that we don't understand.
9．Though the soup is tasty, I've lost my sense of taste and it tastes just like tasteless water.(taste)
10．The lake is over 20 meters in depth.So we were all moved deeply by the man who dived deep into the lake to save the boy.(deep)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．We finished the work several days ahead of the deadline.
2．I like skiing and in the meantime, I know it is very dangerous.
3．The police held up the traffic to allow the pupils to cross the road.
4．I don't really work here. I am just helping out until the new secretary comes.
5．In the Spring Festival, Chinese people like to hang the character “fu” upside down.
6．Seeing a toy snake suddenly sometimes, the little girl can be scared to death.
7．The visit was aimed at promoting mutual communications between these two countries.
8．Everyone should be aware of the importance and urgency of protecting the environment.
9．The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on the achievements of the past.
10．(2020·浙江7月高考)We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.
Ⅲ.选词填空
awesome/awful
This is a story about the fascinating business, with its ①awesome power for good and ② awful potential for evil.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．He introduced his speech with a humorous anecdote. 轶事
2．The government will provide temporary accommodation for up to 3,000 people sleeping rough in London. 住所；住宿
3．①He was standing by the pool, about to dive in. 跳水
②The shark dived down and swam under the boat. 潜水
4．I would like them to leave right away, but they refuse to flee. 逃离
5．Conservation programs cannot function without local support. 保护
6．The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers. 分界线
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．我们正在接近一个时代，那时机器很可能在很多领域要比人聪明。(a time when)
We are approaching a time when machines will be probably cleverer than humans in many fields.
2．请记住：哪里有问题，哪里就有解决办法。(where ..., there be ...)
Remember that where there is a problem, there is always a solution.
3．当我打开门时，我发现我们的数学老师正被一群好奇的孩子们围着。(分词作宾语补足语)
When I opened the door, I found our maths teacher being surrounded by a group of curious kids.
1．witness vt.当场见到；目击；见证vi.为……作证(to) n．目击者；证人；证据
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中witness的词性和词义①Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. vt.目击②(2017·江苏高考)As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.vt.见证③This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development.n.目击者；证人
理明白 (1)witness sth./that ... 目击……；见证……witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事(2)a witness of/to sth.……的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/补全句子
④As one of the most popular teachers in our school, you are more than welcome to witness (witness) the wonderful occasion.
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.
茶馆见证了我们所有人真正快乐的时光。
2．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动
(1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sth. on sb. 极力主张某人某事
urge/it is urged that ... (should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事
(2)feel/have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；急迫的
urgency n. 紧急；迫切
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Parents should actively urge their children to take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.
③I make an urgent (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
④It is strongly urged by students that the library (should) be kept (keep) open during the weekend.
3．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止；使放纵；使听任n.放任；放纵
?单句语法填空
①Soon they reached an abandoned (abandon) temple, where there once lived an old monk.
②They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money.
③Abandoned to playing (play) computer games, he didn't pass the exam.
?补全句子
④Despite some difficulties, we are not going to abandon the plan.
尽管遇到了一些困难，但我们不打算放弃这个计划。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
(2)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
4．reflect vt.映射；反射；反映；思考vi.思考
(1)reflect ... in ... 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflect on/upon sth. 反思/认真思考某事
(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思
on reflection 再三考虑
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①It seems beautiful that the tall buildings are reflected (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.
②Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family relationship and growth environment.
③Reflecting (reflect) on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.
?补全句子
④(2019·江苏高考书面表达)What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture of our school.
更重要的是，传统的中国服装不能反映我们学校独特的文化。
1. help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境
(1)help sb. with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人某事/做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事
help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(吃/用……等)
(2)with the help of sb.＝with one's help 在某人的帮助下
be of help to ...＝be helpful to/for 对……有帮助
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents with the housework.
②We think this is the opportunity for us youth to contribute to helping the victims out.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldn't help smiling (smile)．
?一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)希望这些建议对你有帮助。
④Hopefully, these suggestions would help you out.(help v．)
⑤Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you.(helpful)
⑥Hopefully, these suggestions would be of help to you.(help n．)
2．be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到……
(1)be aware that ... 意识到/体会到……
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；觉悟
develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得；培养……的意识
increase/raise an awareness of 提高……意识
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Learning English not only increases my awareness (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to communicate with English speaking people and to make more new friends.
②In my opinion, it's very important to develop an awareness of health now.
③As a member of society, I'm aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
④Some activities should be carried out to make people aware of the importance of donating blood.
?补全句子
⑤I would like to speak for pandas so that I can learn more about how to protect them and raise people's awareness of animal protection.
我想为大熊猫代言，这样我就能更多地了解如何保护它们，并提高人们对动物保护的意识。
3．现在分词作宾语补足语
[教材原句] As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
随着我们的靠近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他六条虎鲸袭击。
用法规则 (1)being done表示“正在被……”，是现在分词的被动式，在句中作宾语补足语，表示被动与进行。(2)除了being done可以作宾补之外，分词中doing(现在分词)和done(过去分词)也可以作宾补；doing作宾补，表示动作为主动进行，done作宾补表示被动完成。
注意事项 being done表示“正在被……”，除了可以作宾补之外，还可以作主语、宾语和状语。如：Being caught in a heavy traffic is quite an unpleasant experience.遭遇严重交通堵塞是一种非常令人不愉快的经历。
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being performed (perform) live is quite another.
②Listen! Do you hear someone calling (call) for help
③I was sleeping when I heard my name shouted (shout)．
?补全句子
④(2017·北京高考书面表达)Several days later, when we had the video being played on the graduation ceremony, the audience burst into applause.
几天后，当我们在毕业典礼上播放视频时，观众爆发出热烈的掌声。
4．where引导地点状语从句
[教材原句] The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
用法规则 where ...，there be ...，意为“在……地方， 有……”， where引导地点状语从句。另外 wherever“无论什么地方；无论在何处”也可引导地点状语从句。
注意事项 where在句中引导地点状语从句时，很容易和引导的定语从句相混淆，区别的关键在于where前面是否有需要修饰的先行词。如：High buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago.(状语从句)High buildings have arisen in the place where there was nothing a year ago.(定语从句，先行词为the place)
[针对训练] 补全句子
①I can't hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.
因为我坐的地方噪音太大，所以我听不清教授在说什么。
②As far as I'm concerned, you are free to go wherever you like.
就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
③(2017·浙江6月高考写作)We are going to meet at the school gate at 7 a．m. and cycle to the nearby mountain, where we can go hiking and enjoy a picnic.
我们将在早上7点在学校门口见面并骑自行车去附近的山里，在那里我们可以远足和享受野餐。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing (witness) their mother earn her degree.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)There are three books I reread annually (annual).
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)A group of sea dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers (dive)．
4．(2020·江苏高考)LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning (abandon) them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
5．(2020·天津7月高考)A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted (target) area.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said.
7．(2019·北京高考)Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness (aware)．
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty (taste) recipes.
9．(2018·天津高考) “Where do you think you are？” he asked. I turned sharply (sharp)．
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2020·天津7月高考)Together, these deep human urges count for much more than ambition.驱策力②(2019·北京高考)Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.针对性的③(2019·天津高考)Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives.使缩小
词类活用 (2019·浙江6月高考)Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.v.对准
生词僻义 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually D|S8 to D|S10 a year.年度的②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.相反的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考) Embarrassed, as usual, I 27 the scene.
A．fled B．investigated
C．pictured D．made
解析：选A 根据空前的“Embarrassed, as usual”可知，作者逃离了现场。故选A。
2．(2019·天津高考)“Does Jennifer live here？” I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet, with not a penny 20 .
A．missing B．returned
C．remaining D．abandoned
解析：选A 根据语境可知，钱包完好无损地回来了，故本处意为“一便士也没丢”。A项意为“丢失的”；B项意为“归还的”；C项意为“剩余的”；D项意为“被遗弃的”。故选A。
3．(2018·北京高考)For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑)．But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.
A．hope B．aim
C．urge D．effort
解析：选C 根据下文的“greater”以及“if ... with little food and money”可知，应该选C项，这是作者做的假设：如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望(urge)无疑会更大。
4．(2017·江苏高考)This meant, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, 53 his heavy instrument case across the campus to the pitying looks of the non musicians he had left behind.
A．pushing B．dragging
C．lifting D．rushing
解析：选B 根据句中的“heavy”可知选择dragging，表示“拖，拽”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·北京高考书面表达)这个时候，这些城市的夏天又热又多雨，所以要带上夏装和一把雨伞。(a time when ...)
This is a time when summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.
2．(2018·北京高考书面表达)当我走进房间时，我发现外国学生正在学习泡茶。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
When I entered the room, I found the foreign students learning to make tea.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你最好练习用筷子，或者让他们提前知道你需要叉子或勺子。(ahead of)
You'd better practice using chopsticks or let them know ahead of time that you need a fork or spoon.
4．(2014·山东高考写作)正如一句谚语所说，有志者，事竟成。我们的心中有了强烈的信念，我们就一定会为此而奋斗，然后终有一天，我们的努力会有回报。(where引导地点状语从句，with复合结构)
As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way.With a strong will in our heart, we are bound to struggle for it and our efforts will pay off one day.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①ocean/sea □
②wave □
③coast □
④channel □
⑤harbour □
⑥gull □
⑦coral □
⑧severely □
⑨environmentally □
⑩decrease □
disappear □
protect □
existence □
survival □
cruise □
the number of □
take action □
be faced with □
make a difference □
in harmony with □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A tidal wave caused by the earthquake hit the coast (海岸) causing catastrophic damage.
2．The Channel (海峡) Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.
3．The gull (海鸥) held the fish in its beak.
4．Green and yellow lights blinked on the surface of the harbour (港口)．
5．The aim of the cruise (乘船游览) was to awaken an interest in and an understanding of foreign cultures.
6．We should build the awareness of resource conservation and an environmentally (环保的) friendly society.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Public worries about accidents are threatening the very existence (exist) of the nuclear power industry.
2．Two people have been severely (severe) injured in the accident.
3．The life is a great puzzle and the survival (survive) is a greatest mystery!
4．What can we do to protect the Milu Deer from disappearing (disappear) again
5．Since 1945, the air forces have decreased (decrease) in size.
6．Such a diet is widely believed to offer protection (protect) against a number of cancers.
7．The only sound was the lapping of the waves (wave)．
8．It's time that we got rid of these bad habits and took action to protect the environment.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．We need to learn to live now in harmony with nature.
现在我们需要学会与自然和谐相处。
2．We are faced with a lot of problems but we will win in the end .
我们正面临许多问题，但终将获得成功。
3．Your support will certainly make a difference in my cause.
你的支持肯定对我的事业很有影响。
4．The number of college graduates in a country reflects its cultural standard.
大学毕业生的数量反映了一个国家的文化水平。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and long time “coral bleaching (珊瑚白化)” events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.
In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the U. K. and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.
“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places — the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a place to settle，” said Steve Simpson, study co author and a professor at the University of Exeter, U. K.
By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played. “These returning fish are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems. Boosting fish population in this way could help to kick start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many coral reefs around the world，” said lead author, Tim Gordon.
语篇解读：由于海水温度的上升，深海珊瑚的生态遭到破坏。科学家通过实验研究发现，在珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器以吸引海洋生物对于恢复珊瑚的生态卓有成效。
1．What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching
A．Diverse species. B．Noise pollution.
C．Fishing industry. D．Climbing temperatures.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，是气候变化所引起的海水温度的上升导致了这种白化现象。故选D项。
2．What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs
A．Removing damaged coral reefs.
B．Using loudspeakers to keep fish away.
C．Building new homes for sea species.
D．Playing certain sounds to attract fish.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为恢复珊瑚生态，科学家在遭破坏的珊瑚附近放置扬声器，以吸引鱼类。即通过播放声音来吸引鱼类。故选D项。
3．Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted
A．To provide some findings of the study.
B．To show the progress of the experiment.
C．To explain reasons for the new approach.
D．To give another solution to the problem.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，鱼儿会离开不健康的、遭到破坏的珊瑚。为了吸引鱼类，科学家们在这些珊瑚附近放置扬声器。再结合第三段第一句可知，健康的珊瑚礁是非常热闹的地方，各种海洋生物很多。由此可推知，此处引用这位教授的话是为了解释在受损珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器这一新方法的原因。故选C项。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The attempts are in vain.
B．Natural recovery is impossible.
C．Initial success has been achieved.
D．The coral reefs have returned to normal.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，通过用扬声器复制一些声音，部分死亡的珊瑚礁吸引了更多的鱼类，由此可推知，珊瑚生态保护已经初见成效。故选C项。
B
I'm on the phone with a frustrated customer, and a note appears on my computer screen: You are speaking slower than usual. Speed up. I do, and the message disappears, only to be replaced with another: Continuous Speaking — Finish your thought.
This is Cogito, an artificial intelligence program designed to help customer service workers communicate more clearly, empathize (产生共鸣) with frustrated callers, and improve their overall performance. Cogito listens to the tone, pitch, word frequency and other factors in customer service conversations. When it detects something wrong — an irritated customer, a call center agent taking too long to respond — it displays a note on the agent's computer telling them how to improve.
For anyone who's spent hours of their lives stuck on the phone with an unhelpful or very rude customer service agent, Cogito may seem like a godsend. And some customer service agents using the software generally say they find it helpful. One employee says that Cogito helped her cut her average call time nearly in half, while another says it helped her speaking slow down.
Cogito has been launched to more than sixty call centers across the U．S. over the past year. The company behind the software, Cogito Inc., has raised more than $70 million.“We were 45 people a year ago，” says Cogito CEO Josh Feast, whose company now has 150 employees. At MetLife, managers say that the program improved customer satisfaction by 13%, and helped agents (who take an average of 700 calls a week) to have more “human” conversations.
Such software as Cogito is unlikely to stop at the meeting room. But like other enterprise software, it could soon spread well beyond call centers and other offices and into our daily lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇科研报道。一家公司发明了一款人工智能软件，可以通过电脑分析客户服务人员和顾客的语速、语调以及说话人的情绪，适时给出建议，提高客服人员的沟通能力。
5．What's the purpose of Cogito program
A．To speed up customer service workers' speaking.
B．To store the conversations between customers and agents.
C．To improve customer service agents' communication with callers.
D．To complain of frustrated callers.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这款人工智能程序的目的在于帮助客服人员更清晰地沟通，与恼火的来电者产生共鸣，从而提高他们的整体表现。注意题干、正确选项与原文中一些词汇的呼应现象。题干中的purpose与原文的designed相呼应。
6．What can we infer about Cogito in Paragraph 4
A．Cogito has been used by sixty call centers in the world.
B．The company behind the software benefits a lot from Cogito.
C．Josh Feast designed Cogito with the help of employees.
D．Customers weren't satisfied with MetLife's service without Cogito.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The company behind the software, Cogito Inc., has raised more than $70 million.”可知，发明这个软件的公司赚了七千多万美元，因此可推断出这个软件给公司带来了很大的利润。
7．What's the future of Cogito according to the text
A．It'll be part of our normal day to day life.
B．It'll spread into other offices.
C．It'll tell humans what to do.
D．It'll replace customer service agents.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“... it could soon spread well beyond call centers and other offices and into our daily lives.”可推出B 项错误，A项切题。 根据文章第一段可知C选项的表述已经成为现实，故C项不切题，D项的内容在文章中没有任何相关信息作为依据，属于无中生有。
8．Where is the text most likely from
A．A novel. B．A brochure.
C．A guidebook. D．A magazine.
解析：选D 文章出处题。全文围绕人工智能软件Cogito来展开说明，介绍了这款智能软件的研发目的以及工作原理，并从各个不同的角度说明了它带来的好处，最后展望了Cogito的发展前景，由此可推断出本文讨论的是和科学技术相关的话题，最有可能出现在杂志上。
Ⅱ.短文改错
This morning I happened to meet a foreigner when I was taking walk in the park. It was a good chance for me to practise my spoken English, but I went up to him, introduced himself in English and expressed my wish to have a talk with him. In my surprise, he just stared at me, looking puzzling.I thought I had not made myself understand, so I repeated again what I had said. But he just said anything that I didn't understand.I suddenly realize he was not an English speaker! Not all foreigner speak English.
答案：第一句：taking后加a
第二句：but→so; himself→myself
第三句：In→To; puzzling→puzzled
第四句：understand→understood; 去掉again
第五句：anything→something
第六句：realize→realized
第七句：foreigner→foreigners
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom想来中国旅游，体验中国高铁，请根据以下内容给他回一封电子邮件。
1．对于他的到来表示欢迎；
2．鉴于中国地域辽阔、人口众多的特点，简单介绍高铁在中国大城市的建设，以及相比较其他交通方式所具有的优势。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．邮件的格式已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：中国高铁CRH
Dear Tom，
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
Welcome to China! You can't imagine how delighted I feel when I know that you will be traveling in China by CRH. I'm honored to have the chance to introduce CRH to you.
As you know, China is developing at a high speed. CRH has developed rapidly these years due to China's vast area and large population. In many cities, CRH stations are much closer to the living areas, which makes it more convenient to transport people and pared to buses and planes, people prefer CRH because of its high speed, great comfort and safety. Thus, CRH is the best means of transportation in China. It's wise of you to choose CRH when you travel in China. Additionally, booking a ticket online in advance can save you much time and energy.
Hope you will enjoy your trip by CRH.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
PAGE
20Unit 4 Sharing
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．fortnight n． 两星期
2．muddy adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的
3．textbook n. 教科书；课本
4．sniff vt.& vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
5．grill n. 烤架；大平底锅
vt. 烧烤；炙烤
6．paperwork n. 文书工作
7．toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒
n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯
8．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
9．catalogue n. 目录
10．trunk n. 树干；躯干；大衣箱
第二组：写其形
1．platform n. 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台
2．click vi.& vt. (使)发出咔嗒声
n. 咔嗒声
3．concept n. 观念；概念
4．relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
5．otherwise conj. 否则；不然
adv. 用别的方法；其他方面
6．purchase vt.& n. 买；购买
7．privilege n. 特权；特别优待
8．weekly adj.& adv. 每周(的)
9．remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
10．weed n. 杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
2．participate vi.参与；参加→participation n．参加；参与→participant n．参与者；参加者
3．arrangement n．安排；排列→arrange v．安排；排列
4．donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐赠；捐献→donator n．捐赠者
5．voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer n．自(志)愿者 vi.自愿做
6．political adj.政治的；政党的→politics n．政治(学)
7．distribute vt.分配；分发→distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
8．security n．安全；保护；保障→secure vt.使安全 adj.安全的
9．operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→operation n．手术；运转；操作→operator n．操作人员
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．dry up (指河流、井等)干涸
2．dry out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
3．stick out 突出；伸出
4．hear from 接到……的信
5．(be) dying to 极想；渴望
6．be relevant to 与……有关
7．the other day 不久前的一天
8．come across 偶然遇到
9．participate in 参与/参加……
10．in need 在困难中；在危急中
11．get through 完成；接通电话；顺利通过
12．make a difference 对……有影响；起作用
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．doubt whether ...“怀疑是否……”
悟原句 To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
背佳句 To be honest, I doubt whether they will finish the hard task in two days.
2．“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句
悟原句 We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views ...
背佳句 The boy climbed into the third storey of the building, from where he could look farther into the distance.
3.not ...but ...“不是……而是……”
悟原句 The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
背佳句 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is not the short movie but what is shown in it that really counts.
1.以“ s”结尾的非复数名词
①politics 政治(学)
②news 新闻
③physics 物理学
④abacus 算盘
⑤economics 经济学
⑥linguistics 语言学
2.“ able”后缀高频形容词
①adjustable 可调节的
②respectable 可敬的
③adaptable 可适应的
④reasonable 合理的
⑤agreeable 可以接受的
⑥variable 可变的
3.“v.＋from”短语一览
①hear from 接到……的信
②date from 追溯到
③result from 起因于
④escape from 从……逃脱
⑤benefit from 从……中获益
4.“与……有关”面面观
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself (he) to city life.
2．He donated part of his liver to save (save) the stranger, which was really a touching story.
3．The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation (operate) on his knee.
4．People who approved of the reform urged that education resources (should) be distributed (distribute) among the members of society equally.
5．He has made arrangements (arrange) for the collection of his baggage from the airport.
6．Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary (volunteer) activity whose theme was to make the city more beautiful and advocate a low carbon lifestyle.
7．They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn't have been stuck (stick) in the storm.
8．During the last three decades, the number of people participating (participate) in physical fitness programs has increased sharply.
9．If this product does not give you complete satisfaction, please return it to the manufacturer, stating when it was purchased (purchase)．
10．I believe this is learning from practice and adjustment (adjust) is all along the process.
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．John hung up his wet wash in order to dry it out.
2．The river dried up in the late summer, so we could walk across it easily.
3．It only takes one week for the new students to adjust to the new school.
4．I am dying to know when you will visit our city.
5．Having gone through a hard time, they have become aware of the importance of hard work.
6．Don't believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
7．I heard from you the other day, which delighted me very much.
8．I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.
Ⅲ.选词填空
distant/remote
1．The book should be held about six inches distant from the eyes.
2．Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable — as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．The patient lived out another fortnight. 两周
2．We had no concept that this tiny mistake would ruin the whole plan. 想法
3．①He walked towards the platform to begin his speech. 讲台
②He hurried down the platform and jumped onto the train. 站台
4．Suddenly, he stopped and sniffed the air. 闻；嗅
5．You need to grill the tomatoes until the skins blacken. 烧烤
6．①She finished her coffee, ate a piece of toast and considered her next move. 烤面包
②I'd like to drink a toast to our hostess. 干杯
③Toast the bread lightly on both sides. 烤
7．I gave him a handsome present at the anniversary of his birthday. 周年纪念
8．The trunk is chock full. There is no more room. 行李箱
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．中国是风筝的故乡，从那里放风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(from where定语从句)
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
2．主要问题不是水太热，而是它不干净。(not ... but ...)
The main problem is not that the water is too hot, but that it is not clean.
3．在你的上一封邮件中，你怀疑是否有可能修补你们的友谊。(doubt whether)
In your last mail you doubted whether it was possible to mend your friendship.
4．老师从他身边经过时，他正在写作业。(be doing ... when ...)
He was doing his homework when the teacher passed by him.
5．我现在很少锻炼，但我上初中时的确喜欢踢足球。(do强调谓语)
I don't take much exercise now, but I did like playing football when I was in junior high.
1．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合；(使)适应
(1)adjust ... to (doing) sth. 调整……以适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone.
②Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
③Having adjusted (adjust) themselves to Earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.
?补全句子
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)You'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come. That way, you can adjust yourself to the life here in Beijing soon.
你最好在来之前学习一些基本的汉语，那样你就能很快地适应北京这儿的生活。
2．participate vi.参与；参加；分享
(1)participate in 参加；参与
participate with sb. in sth. 与某人一起分担某事
(2)participation n. 参加；参与
participant n. 参与者；参加者
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①You should participate with your friend in his sufferings.
②It has found that on average, participants (participate) performed better on cognitive (认知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s.
③I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I'm looking forward to your participation (participate)．
?补全句子
④In our school, there are all kinds of activities for you to participate in.
在我们学校，有各种各样的活动供你参加。
3．donate vt.捐赠；赠送
(1)donate ...to sb./sth. 把……捐赠给某人或某物
donate ... to do sth. 捐赠……做某事
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donated adj. 捐赠的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏高考)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy (buy) computer equipment and internet facilities.
②(2017·天津高考) I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people.
③Volunteers came with loads of donated (donate) clothing and toys.
?补全句子
④The old man donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom.
这位老人捐了很多钱给学校，使学生们能够重新回到他们的教室。
⑤The headmaster appeals to us students to make a donation to the poor boy.
校长呼吁我们学生给这个贫穷的男孩提供捐赠。
4．distribute vt.分配；分发；使分布
?单句语法填空
①Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
②Who will take charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims
?选词填空(distribute/contribute)
They have ③contributed lots of food and clothes to that rural area and some volunteers helped ④distribute them to those in need.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)distribute ... to ... 把……分给……
distribute ...among ... 在……中分发……
(2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态
5．operate vi.工作；运转；给……动手术；起作用vt.操作；经营
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中operate的含义①The car is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for an hour.运转②More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself.操作③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died.给……动手术④My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.经营⑤This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.起作用
理明白 (1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术(2)operation n. 手术；运转be in operation 经营；营业come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效put/bring ... into operation 实施/施行……
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
⑥He is being operated on by some experienced doctors and nurses.
⑦I went through many eye operations (operation) in an attempt to keep my vision.
?补全句子
⑧Do you know when the new law will come into operation
你知道这项新法律什么时候将会生效吗？
1. (be) dying to极想；渴望
(1)be dying/eager/anxious to do sth.
＝long to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)be dying/anxious/eager/thirsty for sth.
＝long for sth. 渴望得到某物
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①By the way, I am dying to learn (learn) more detailed information about this activity.
②Actually, most of the students are eager to take (take) part in sports, but they are so occupied with their study.
③He has been longing (long) to attend college since he was a little boy.Now his dream has come true.
④The child can't wait to return to school because he is thirsty for knowledge.
2．in need在困难中；在危急中
?单句语法填空
①In our life we may meet with many failures, as long as we try our best, there's no need to feel (feel) regret for these failures.
②They won't go back to work unless someone can meet their needs (need)．
?选词填空(in need/in need of)
It includes helping kids with their lessons and raising money for families ③in need.We know they are ④in need of our help.
[归纳法记牢]
in (great) need of (非常)需要
satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需要
there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事
3．“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句
[教材原句] We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山到一个山脊，从那里能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。
用法规则 在“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where, since when和by when。
注意事项 需要注意的是“介词＋where/when”同“介词＋which”的区别，“介词＋which”中的which一般是指某个名词，而“介词＋where/when”中的where和when指的是地点状语和时间状语。
[针对训练] 补全句子
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.
我从我站的地方数到十二道绿色。
②The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has witnessed great changes.
这本书写于1946年，从那时起教育系统见证了巨大的变革。
4．not ...but ...“不是……而是……”
[教材原句] The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
用法规则 not ...but ...“不是……而是……”，在句中连接两个并列成分。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语应同靠近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的还有：(1)not only ...but also ...(2)neither ...nor ...(3)either ...or ...
注意事项 “not only ...but also ...”连接两个分句且not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构，后一分句不用倒装。
[针对训练] 补全句子
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, but because I want to.
我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。
②I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不是你出生于何时何地，而是你在生活中的所作所为。
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Not only do we take volleyball and basketball courses, but our school also holds all kinds of sports competitions.
我们不仅上排球和篮球课，而且我们学校还举办各种各样的体育比赛。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)I'm so glad to hear from you. On the coming of age ceremony, I'd like to share the details with you as follows.
2．(2020·天津7月高考)Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement (arrange)．
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment (adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution (distribute) of these languages is hugely uneven.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it's probably running.其他的方法②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. 保护
词类活用 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.adj. 不相关的
生词僻义 ①(2019·天津高考)However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.观念②(2019·北京高考)Whatever stage of life you're at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community (社区)．偏远的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)All the students and physics teachers 26 . So did my dad, the only administrator!
A．participated B．protested
C．hesitated D．explored
解析：选A 根据空后的“So did my dad”可知，所有学生和物理老师都参加了该物理项目。故选A。
2．(2020·天津5月高考)The 35 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I've grown.
A．strategy B．habit
C．relationship D．potential
解析：选C 根据空格后的“I have developed with my dad over the years”可知，作者与父亲数年来的关系使他能够回顾以往并看到自己的成长。故选C。
3．(2019·北京高考)For them, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the experience.“I just love driving, and I love these kids，” Wilson said. “It's such a(n) 30 to be a part of these kids' lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.”
A．effort B．ambition
C．privilege D．convenience
解析：选C 威尔逊在这里说，能够成为这些大学生生活中的一部分，了解他们，这是一种荣幸，因此用privilege表示“荣幸；幸运”。
4．(2015·重庆高考)For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological clock to the destination's time. If it's daytime in your destination, try to stay awake.
A．checking B．sending
C．adjusting D．stopping
解析：选C 此空根据常识以及空后一句可知，你一上飞机就应该把自己的生物钟加以调节，以适应目的地的时间。
5．(2012·山东高考)Today, over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to deliver them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 51 new shoes.
A．donates B．produces
C．designs D．collects
解析：选A 上文提到很多公司为无家可归者捐赠，此处表达的应该是：公众也捐衣服和钱，而且一家制鞋商捐赠新鞋。donate“捐赠”，符合句意。produce“生产”；design“设计”；collect“收集”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)她是一个善良、友好的老师，她总乐意去帮助那些需要的人。(in need)
She is a kind and friendly teacher, who is always willing to help those in need.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)首先，音乐节将于8月15日早上九点在我们的音乐厅开始，从那里我们可以看到他们的歌唱、舞蹈和戏剧表演。(介词＋where 从句)
Firstly, the music festival will start at 9：00 a．m. on August 15th in our music hall, from where we can see their singing, dancing and drama performances.
3．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)他们怀疑穿着传统中式服装的中国同龄人是否会给人留下深刻印象。(doubt whether)
They doubt whether their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①allow □
②invite □
③assist □
④admit □
⑤appreciate □
⑥organize □
⑦associate □
⑧introduce □
⑨access □
⑩activity □
service □
challenge □
experience □
honest □
meaningful □
learn from □
care for □
depend on □
in need □
share ... with □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·江苏高考)From which date were private cars allowed (允许) to go out of Wuhan
2．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In order to enrich our campus life, our school organized (组织) a 5km cross country running race last Sunday.
3．(2020·天津5月高考)I will share my experience (经验) with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.
4．(2020·浙江1月高考)Learning that you're very interested in the Chinese language, I'm writing to invite (邀请) you to participate in the Chinese speech contest for foreign students.
5．Activities (活动) all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.
6．There seems to be a lack of appreciation (理解) of what is actually going on in the real world.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The association (associate) between the two companies stretches back 30 years.
2．The Authority will provide a welfare worker to assist (assist) you in the future.
3．We failed to obtain any meaningful (meaning) results from these experiments.
4．U.S. business today is challenged (challenge) by aggressive overseas competitors.
5．He admitted having stolen (steal) the money afterwards.
6．We all complain about the poor service (serve) in the hotel coffee lounge.
7．Mary was shy at her introduction (introduce) to the company.
8．It was a shock to hear her speak so honestly(honest) about Ted.
9．The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users.
10．Almost all the people present at the meeting were collecting money for children in need.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．As a parent, it is important to care for your child's teeth.
作为家长，保养好孩子的牙齿很重要。
2．Our success depend on whether everyone works hard or not.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否都努力工作。
3．I'd like to share with you what I think about this.
我想和大家讲讲我对这个问题的看法。
4．More importantly, contestants can learn from one another and gain experience.
更重要的是，参赛者可以互相学习，获得经验。
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
I've been a volunteer in the Macmillan@Glasgow Libraries programme for just over a year. I got involved because I was looking for something to volunteer for after I retired from work. I thought being a Macmillan Cancer Information and Support Volunteer might be a good way to do that by using some of the skills I learned at work.
At one time, I felt I made a real difference when a lady came in to use the service. She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner. She had lots of things on her mind. We, together with a counselor, had a chat about her to help deal with all the emotions (情感) she felt. We knew we could arrange something, so we discussed with her what could be done for her family. She was relieved that we could get something arranged for her and liked the fact that we managed to get the ball rolling during her visit.
The good thing about having the services in the library is that the environment is non clinical and therefore more relaxing than the hospital or doctor's surgery. The team in the library are not medically trained. That means we do not use big words or medical terms very often.
It's great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution (解决) for people who come in. It's good to have the team at the other end of the phone whenever we get something unusual. It is a pleasure to be able to help as a volunteer.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文章中讲述了自己退休后作为一名志愿者的经历和感悟。
1．What can we infer about the author
A．He is a retired doctor.
B．He is volunteering in a hospital.
C．He is a counselor in cancer.
D．He has fought against cancer before.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者现在已经退休，而且有医学方面的技能；结合第三段的内容可推知，作者是一名退休医生。
2．Why did the lady feel upset
A．Because she was affected by cancer.
B．Because her husband suffered from cancer.
C．Because she didn't know how to treat cancer.
D．Because she had a poor relation with her husband.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner.”和“we discussed with her what could be done for her family”可知，这位女士的丈夫得了癌症。注意：此处的“partner”表示“配偶”。
3．What do we know about the volunteers
A．They do well in teamwork.
B．They receive medical training.
C．They all used to be helped.
D．They often meet unusual things.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的首句“It's great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution (解决) for people who come in.”可知，所有的志愿者都能很好地共同工作，彼此帮助，为来求助的人提供好的解决方案，由此推知，他们具有很强的团队意识，善于团队合作。
4．Why does the author write this text
A．To call on readers to do voluntary work.
B．To show us how to help those in trouble.
C．To share his experiences as a volunteer.
D．To teach us how to take care of cancer patients.
解析：选C 写作意图题。综合全文的内容可以看出，本文主要讲述的是作者的志愿者经历。因此，作者写作的目的也就是要分享他作为志愿者的经历。
B
(2021·合肥质检)A simple project to help a family in need stopped Luke Mickelson in his tracks. In 2012, he and his family were inspired to build and donate a bunk bed, one bed on top of the other, after learning there were local children who slept on the floor. Shocked to discover how widespread this need was in his community, Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need.
Born and raised in Idaho, Mickelson, now 41, had a thriving career. He coached his kids' sports teams and fished in the nearby river. But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.
Using safety guidelines and his daughter's bunk bed as a model, Mickelson started buying wood and supplies to build beds with his own money. He recruited friends and family members to help around the holidays. As the word spread, interest and involvement from his and other communities flooded — along with Mickelson's bunk bed output. “That first project, we built 11 bunk beds in my garage，” he said. “The next year, we did 15. Then it doubled every year. In 2017, we built 612 bunk beds.”
With the motto “No kid sleeps on the floor in our town”， the nonprofit and its more than 65 branches have built and delivered more than 1,500 free beds to children across America. But along with the rapid growth, Mickelson was faced with a tough choice: advancing his career or his nonprofit. He chose the latter and went from making “great money to zero money”. He's never looked back. “I found that the need I haveisn't financial，” he said. “The need I have is seeing the joy on kids' faces, knowing that I can make a difference.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Mickelson为了让自己社区的无床可睡的孩子们能够有床睡觉，成立了一个公益组织“Sleep in Heavenly Peace”。
5．Why did Mickelson set up Sleep in Heavenly Peace
A．To help the poor children.
B．To make a big fortune.
C．To inspire his community.
D．To get more donations.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据文章的第一段，尤其是最后一句中的“Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need”可知，Mickelson创建这个非盈利组织是为了帮助贫困儿童。
6．What do we know about Luke Mickelson
A．He had his own fish farm.
B．He changed his career from time to time.
C．He used to sleep on the floor when he was a kid.
D．He originally had a relaxing and pleasant life.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章的第二段，尤其是最后一句“But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.”可推知，Mickelson一开始过着轻松、舒适的生活。
7．How did other people react to Mickelson's project
A．They showed little interest in it.
B．They were supportive and involved in it.
C．They were doubtful about the safety of the bunk bed.
D．They volunteered to buy beds with their own money.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“interest and involvement from his and other communities flooded”可知，Mickelson社区和其他社区的成员都来帮忙，可见人们对Mickelson创建的这个组织非常支持，并且积极参与。
8．What is Mickelson's attitude to the nonprofit
A．Ambiguous. B．Defensive.
C．Cautious. D．Positive.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，尤其是“The need I have ... make a difference.”可知，Mickelson想要看到孩子们脸上的喜悦的表情，他知道他在做一些有影响的事；由此可推知，他对这个组织持积极的态度。
C
A team of scientists found a new planet in space by accident. It was a discovery that could change science. “We hit the jackpot here，” said scientist Guillem Anglada Escude about the discovery of the planet more or less like Earth that is orbiting Proxima Centauri (半人马座比邻星), the star nearest to our solar system.
What do we know about this exciting new Earth Well, Proxima b, or “Earth Ⅱ” as you could call it, is a little bigger than our Earth, and its revolution only takes 11 days. Also, since it is so much closer to its red dwarf star than Earth to the sun, the sky there is orange without any blue at all, creating a forever sunset effect. But there are a lot of questions about life forms that could live on this new planet.
The discovery of the planet made the Chicago Tribune newspaper wonder if anyone had seen or heard of the US's space postcards from its Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spaceship, which were pictures of a man and a woman, along with diagrams of the solar system. If there are aliens (外星人) on Proxima b, they would have found images showing the incredible diversity of Earth.
Aliens might also have heard the message from former US President Jimmy Carter：“This is a present from a small distant world ... We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope someday, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic (银河的) civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination, and our good will in a vast and awesome universe.”
It might not be time to plan a visit to Proxima b just yet — even if it has an atmosphere — at first, we would need to invent a way to get there in less than 78,000 years it would take at 36,000 mph (about 57,900 km/h)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家在太空中发现一颗大小与地球有几分相似的行星。这颗类地行星绕着半人马座比邻星 距我们太阳系最近的恒星 进行轨道运动。
9．What does the underlined phrase “hit the jackpot” probably mean
A．Make a bet. B．Take a risk.
C．Succeed by chance. D．Miss the boat.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的第一、二句及下文内容可知，科学家偶然发现了一颗类似地球的行星，这是一项能够改变科学的新发现。对于发现这颗行星的科学家来说，他们好像是中头奖了。hit the jackpot意为“中头奖”，在此可指“意外成功”。故选C。
10．What does the author say about Proxima b
A．It has a shorter period of revolution.
B．It is of the similar weight to Earth.
C．It is a newly found planet in the solar system.
D．Its sky looks orange for being closer to the sun.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“its revolution only takes 11 days”可知，比邻星b的公转周期仅有11天。相对于地球的公转周期(约365天)而言，比邻星b的公转周期要短得多。
11．What do President Jimmy Carter's words suggest
A．Humans' eagerness to meet creatures from outer space.
B．The great progress made in space exploration.
C．The best wishes for America's space program.
D．Humans' determination to explore outer space.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容和其中的关键信息“we may live into yours”“to join”“our determination”可知，美国前总统吉米·卡特给外星人的留言内容传递了人类探索外太空的决心。故选D。
12．What seems to be the major problem for our visit to Proxima b
A．The lack of air on the planet.
B．Too great a distance from us.
C．Uncertainty about life forms there.
D．The glaring sunlight all years.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果人类想要探访比邻星b，需要寻找一种更快的抵达方式。人类以3.6万英里每小时(约5.79万千米/时)的速度需要7.8万年才能到达那里。由此可推知，人类探索比邻星b的最大问题是比邻星b距离我们太远。故选B。
在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和其他单词有着紧密的联系(如定义、重述、举例、近义词和反义词等)，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词的意思。
tips 利用上下文语境猜测词义
有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先作具体的阐述，然后再进行归纳、总结。如果读者能抓住作者的思路就能从那些具体说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词的线索来。
做词义猜测题，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，即利用上下文提供的情景和线索，通过对平行结构或对应结构中的同义词、反义词等进行推断，再结合我们的生活常识和社会经验进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，切忌脱离上下文盲目猜测。
例如上文C篇阅读中的第9题，根据“hit the jackpot”的上下文可知，科学家偶然发现了一颗类似地球的行星，这是一项能够改变科学的新发现。对于发现这颗行星的科学家来说，他们好像是中头奖了。hit the jackpot意为“中头奖”，在此可指“意外成功”。
PAGE
20Unit 5 Travelling abroad
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．cafeteria n． 自助食堂；自助餐厅
2．shopkeeper n. 店主
3．numb adj. 麻木的；失去知觉的
4．bachelor n. 获学士学位的人；未婚男子
5．essay n. 文章；散文
6．queue n. 队列；行列
vi. 排队
7．drill vi.& vt. 钻(孔)
n. 钻；钻机
8．parallel adj. 平行的；相同的；类似的
9．seminar n. (专题)研讨会
10．enterprise n. 事业；事业心
第二组：写其形
1．visa n. 签证
2．hike vi.& n. 远足；徒步旅行
3．tutor n. 导师；助教；家庭教师
4．destination n. 目的地
5．idiom n. 习语；成语
6．lecture n．& vi. 演讲；讲课
7．motherland n. 祖国
8．routine n. 常规；日常事务
adj. 通常的；例行的
9．bark vi. (指狗等)吠叫；咆哮
n. 犬吠声；树皮
10．substitute n. 代替者；代用品
vt. 用……代替……
11．draft n. 草稿；草案
vt. 草拟；起草
12．contradict vt. 反驳；驳斥
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．qualification n．资格；资历→qualified adj.有资格的；能胜任的→qualify v. 使……合格；使……具有资格
2．preparation n．准备；预备→prepare v. 使准备
3．recommend vt.推荐；建议→recommendation n．推荐；建议
4．comfort n．舒适；安慰 vt.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的→comfortably adv.舒适地
5．requirement n．需要；要求→require vt.需要；要求
6．acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢→acknowledgement n．承认
7．occupy vt.占用；占领；占据→occupation n．职业→occupied adj.忙于……的；使用中的
8．apology n．道歉；谢罪→apologize vi.道歉
9．optional adj.可选择的；随意的→option n．选择
10．agent n．代理人；经纪人→agency n．代理处；中介处
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．fit in 相适应；相融合
2．settle in (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
3．adjust to 适应；调节……以适应
4．take up 占用时间(空间)；开始从事
5．keep it up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
6．get/be used to 对……适应；习惯
7．day in and day out 日复一日
8．be occupied with 忙着做……；忙于某事物
9．out of the question 不可能的；不值得讨论的
10．as far as one is concerned 就……而言
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．It is/was the first time (that) ...“某人第一次……”(从句中用完成时态)
悟原句 It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.
背佳句 The 2022 Olympic Winter Games will take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou, and it was the first time that China had won the bid successfully to host the Winter Olympics.
2．“疑问词＋不定式”结构
悟原句 But I was also very nervous as I didn't know what to expect ...
背佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind.
3．so ... that“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句
悟原句 I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities.
背佳句 The video was so perfect that it was well received.
1.“ ical”结尾形容词一览
①geographical 地理(学)的
②economical 经济的
③political 政治的
④historical 与历史有关的
⑤magical 神奇的
⑥musical 音乐的
⑦electrical 与电有关的
2.“ ology”结尾名词集锦
①biology 生物学
②geology 地质学
③ecology 生态学
④psychology 心理(学)
⑤sociology 社会学
⑥technology 技术；工艺
⑦zoology 动物学
3.“有the无the”意义大不同
①out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能的
②in charge of 负责/掌管
in the charge of 由……负责
③in possession of 拥有；占有
in the possession of 被……拥有/占有
4.“动词＋in”的相关短语集萃
①fit in 相适应；相融和
②believe in 相信；信任
③cut in 插嘴；插话
④take in 吸收；接受
⑤bring in 引进；生产
⑥involve in 卷入；涉及
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
2．It is acknowledged (acknowledge) that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
3．The young man was recommended as manager of the big company thanks to the recommendation letter of his professor.(recommend)
4．Common are the cases where we are bothered in the face of a variety of options (option)．
5．My grandfather likes wooden bed because he thinks it's so comfortable (comfort)．
6．Since he arrived in Beijing, he has adjusted to eating (eat) the northern food gradually.
7．Occupying (occupy) himself with too much homework, he had no time to participate in outdoor activities.
8．We all believe that he has the right qualification (qualify) for the position.
9．In order to make it easy for you to go through the class, you'd better make full preparations (prepare) before class.
10．The pilot announced with apology (apologize) that there would be a slight delay before settling down.
11．I wrote a letter to the car rental agency (agent), explaining what had happened.
12．The government (govern)should take effective measures immediately to prevent the pollution going from bad to worse.
13．By drilling(drill), geologists can take measurements at various depths.
14．You have to do well academically (academical) to get into medical school.
15．He was popular as a lecturer (lecture) in the US, as well as at universities all over Europe.
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．He has never done this type of work before; I'm not sure whether he'll fit in.
2．I had just settled in the new place and didn't know what to expect.
3．The coat is fine as far as color is concerned, but it is not of very good quality.
4．My mother has taken up teaching since she graduated from the university.
5．Quickly adjusting himself to the heat of the country, he decided to work there.
6．Since he has just had a major operation, he knows that a trip to Europe this summer is out of the question.
7．I've been working twelve hours a day since last month, but I shall not be able to keep it up now.
8．I would have gone to Daisy's wedding last weekend, but I was occupied with piles of work.
Ⅲ.选词填空
out of question/out of the question
1．He is an honest man and his honesty is out of question.
2．I was hoping we could eat here tonight, but it looks like that's out of the question.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．Our captain gave us a serious lecture on safety. 教训
2．He was keen to write music in a classical idiom, rather than just a pop one. (艺术)风格
3．There were over 40 tenants, all occupying one wing of the hospital. 居住
4．The Marines carried out a drill that included 18 ships and 90 aircraft. 军事训练；操练
5．Grey squirrels have been tearing bark from the trees. 树皮
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．这是我有生以来第一次参加如此盛大的庆典。(This is the first time that ...)
This is the first time in my life that I have taken part in such a grand celebration.
2．我一直忙于准备考试，以至于我没有时间出去购物。(so ... that ...)
I have been so occupied in preparing for the exam that I haven't had time to go shopping.
3．我个人认为，教育就是学习，你学得越多，你为生活准备得就越多。(concerned)
As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more you equip for your life.
4．我不知道如何处理这个问题，但是汤姆来帮我摆脱了困难。(疑问词＋不定式)
I didn't know how to deal with this problem, but Tom came to help me out.
5．你真是太好了，给我提供了一切，使我住在你那儿成为如此幸福的一次体验。(it＋be＋adj.＋to do ...)
It is so kind of you to have provided everything to make my stay there such a happy experience.
1．recommend vt.推荐；建议
(1)recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend ... to sb. 把……推荐给某人
recommend sb.as/to be ... 推荐某人为……
(2)recommendation n. 推荐；介绍信；建议
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①I recommend you to have (have) a talk with your parents before you make any decision.
②Even though it isn't promising, I do recommend giving(give) it a try. After all, it is your last chance.
③I will be glad if you can consider my recommendation (recommend)．
④ Were I three years younger than I am now, I would strongly recommend that I (should) set more practical and specific goals.
?补全句子
⑤I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.
上周我从图书馆借了本我同学推荐给我的书《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》。
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am writing to recommend myself as a qualified volunteer.
我写这封信是为了推荐自己成为一名合格的志愿者。
2．comfort n．舒适；安慰vt.安慰
(1)be a comfort to 对……是安慰
in comfort 舒适地；放松地
(2)comfort sb. for sth. 因某事安慰某人
comfort sb. with sth. 用某物安慰某人
(3)comfortable adj. 安慰的；舒适的
comforting adj. 令人安慰的
comfortably adv. 舒适地
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①It is really a comfort to me to see so many people like my latest works.
②But his mother didn't give up but consistently comforted him with loving, encouraging words and tender care.
③His friends came to comfort him for his loss, which made him moved.
④This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.
?补全句子
⑤To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes is equipped with a micro fan.
为了保持脚的干燥和舒适， 这种新型鞋配备了微型风扇。
3．substitute n．代替者；代用品v.代替；顶替；用……代替……
(1)a substitute for ……的替代物
there's no substitute for ... 没有什么可以代替……
(2)substitute for 代替/取代
substitute A for B＝substitute B with A 用A代替B
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①David was substituted (substitute) in the second half of the football match after a serious knee injury.
②Additionally, while new technologies are likely to substitute for some types of workers, they will also increase demand for other types of workers, especially those with higher level skills and expertise.
?选词填空(substitute ... for .../substitute ... with ...)
③It's very wise of you to substitute well trained workers for untrained ones in the assembly line.
④It's very wise of you to substitute untrained workers with well trained ones in the assembly line.
?补全句子
⑤(2018·江苏高考书面表达)Consumption ratings do provide us with some reference, but there's no substitute for practical shopping experience.
消费排名确实给我们提供了一些参考，但没有任何东西能代替实际购物经验。
4．requirement n．要求；必要条件；需要
(1)meet/satisfy one's requirements 满足/达到某人的要求
(2)require vt. 需要；要求
require doing/to be done 需要做
require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事
It is required that ... (should) do sth. 据要求……
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2017·浙江6月高考)Other European countries laid down a similar requirement (require)for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher.
②All the students are required to gather (gather) at the school gate at 7：00 am and then go to the park on foot.
③These trees are so young that they require looking/to be looked (look) after carefully.
④It is required that the composition (should) be (be) related to the students' life.
?补全句子
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Please do not hesitate to ask me if you have questions or require more information.
如果你有问题或需要更多的信息，请随时问我。
5．acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢；感谢
?单句语法填空
①The country has acknowledged having taken (take) every means to fight against any possible attack.
②Professor Hawking is acknowledged as one of the world's greatest physicists.
?补全句子
③(2019·江苏高考书面表达)It is widely acknowledged that the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.
人们普遍认为，在这样的场合，校服是比传统的中国服装更好的选择。
[归纳法记牢]
acknowledge ...to be/as ... 承认……是/为……
acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事
It is (widely) acknowledged that ... 人们(普遍)认为……
6．occupy vt.占用；占领；占据
(1)occupy oneself with/in doing sth. 忙于……；专心于……
(2)occupied adj. 忙于……的；使用中的
be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业；工作
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself (he) with a very important experiment.
②Later, I went to a café to have lunch, but all the tables were occupied (occupy).
③Choosing an occupation (occupy) takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
?句型转换
④Occupied in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
→Occupying herself in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
?补全句子
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In my spare time, I have been occupied in practising my oral English so I speak English fluently.
在我的业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。
1. keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up with 赶上；不落在后面
keep away from (使)不接近；(使)远离
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep (on) doing sth. 一直/继续做某事
keep in mind that 记住……
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①—I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.
—Oh, great! Keep it up.
② Keep sharing (share) giggles with everyone you come across because there is already enough darkness in the world.
③In the face of all these difficulties, we're not discouraged but keep up good spirits.
④Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.
?补全句子
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Always keep in mind that you can't be too talkative when you are eating.
总是记住在吃饭时你不能太健谈。
2．fit in相适应；相融合
(1)fit in with 与……合得来；适应
fit into sth. 使适合……；适应
(2)be fit for/to do sth. 胜任某事/适合做某事
keep fit/healthy 保持健康
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Sharing with friends helped me bring back my confidence and fit in with others.
②In my opinion, using mobile phones in school is not fit for the students.
③The wicked (邪恶的) stepmother told one of her two daughters to cut off the girl's big toe to fit into the shoes.
?补全句子
④When it comes to the effect, it will help you strengthen the awareness of keeping fit but it may cause you to be overly anxious.
说到影响，它会帮助你增强保持健康的意识，但它可能会导致你过度焦虑。
3．It was the first time (that) ...
[教材原句] It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.
这是她第一次离开祖国。
[用法规则]
(1)It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time (that)＋过去完成时这/那是第一/二/……次……
(2)It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/... time (that)＋现在完成时这/那是第一/二/……次……
(3)there was a time when ... 曾有一个……的时期
(4)the last/first time＋从句 上次/第一次……
(5)It's high time that ... did/should do sth.
该是做……的时候了
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①Though it was the first time that I had visited (visit) the small town, I fell in love with it at first sight.
②There was a time when women could not learn medicine and work as a doctor.
③It's high time that we took/should take (take) immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.
?补全句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)This is my first time that I have written an application to be a volunteer, so I am so excited.
这是我第一次写申请做志愿者，所以很兴奋。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)All speakers were confident, comfortable (comfort) with being seen.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)To meet the requirements (require) of the photograph on the student ID card, a new student should upload a portrait photograph of proper proportion.
3．(2020·天津7月高考)Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology (apologize) in his voice.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking (bark) by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.
5．(2019·北京高考)It's never too early to make necessary preparations (prepare) for a healthy and meaningful college experience.
6．(2019·江苏高考)Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra large skull.
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2018·北京高考)But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.自在的
词类活用 (2018·天津高考)A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.n.演习
生词僻义 (2019·天津高考)Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script (剧本), or documentary highlights.草稿
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself, and since she'd found it too much to cope with (应对), she'd taken it out on other people.
A．searched B．argued
C．prayed D．apologized
解析：选D 根据下文的解释可知，事后她因刚开始的行为而向“我”道歉。
2．(2018·天津高考)The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to 20 the game.
A．cheer for B．prepare for
C．help with D．finish with
解析：选B 由空前提到的“practice(训练)”可知，训练是为比赛做准备(prepare for)的。cheer for“为……欢呼”；help with“帮助……”；finish with“以……结束”。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 53 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately.
A．shy B．comforting
C．familiar D．forced
解析：选B 根据上文中madness可知作者很着急，因此这里用comforting“令人欣慰的”。她给了我一个令人欣慰的微笑。shy“腼腆的”；familiar“熟悉的”；forced“勉强的”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·北京高考书面表达)这是你第一次来中国访问，所以我给你发邮件告知一些相关信息。(This is the first time that)
This is the first time that you have come to pay a visit to China, so I email you to tell you some relevant information.
2．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)此外，传统的中国服装是如此昂贵，对于这样的场合校服是一个更好的选择。(so ...that ...)
Besides, the traditional Chinese dress is so expensive that the school uniforms are a better choice for such an occasion.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)就我而言，你最好带一些小礼物，例如来自你国家的特殊食物或者饮料。(as far as)
As far as I'm concerned, you'd better bring some little gifts, such as a special food or drink from your country.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①advanced □
②steadily □
③abroad □
④apology □
⑤reserve □
⑥begin □
⑦consult □
⑧recite □
⑨enrich □
⑩classify □
overcome □
memorize □
tour □
passport □
forgiveness □
communication □
exchange ideas □
accumulate enough experience □
strengthen friendship □
put forward □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．One of the fundamental bars to communication (沟通) is the lack of a universally spoken, common language.
2．It is common knowledge that travel can broaden our horizons and enrich (使丰富) our life.
3．You're entirely your own master, and you don't have to consult (咨询) anybody or mind what they say.
4．The possession of a passport (护照) is essential for foreign travel.
5．However difficult life is, never lose your heart, and you will overcome (克服) all the difficulties one day.
6．Forgiveness (宽恕) is not something you give to someone else. It is a gift you give yourself.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It was fantastic, but I'm glad to be back! Being a tourist (tour) is really tiring!
2．I've got a reservation (reserve) for two nights with my parents.
3．He studied his map, trying to memorize (memory) the way to Rose's street.
4．(2019·江苏高考)China's image is improving steadily(steady), with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.
5．The course is suitable for beginners (begin) and advanced students.
6．The child's recitation (recite) of the text was letter perfect.
7．You can group all users by department or classification (classify)．
8．He introduced advanced(advance) technology and management into China.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．The students put forward new proposals on the running of the college to the College Education Committee.
学生们向学院教育委员会提出了管理学院的建议。
2．I found it very refreshing to exchange ideas with your father.
我发现与你父亲交换看法使人精神振奋。
3．We have to accumulate as enough experience as possible by working for others.
我们必须通过为别人工作来积累尽可能多的经验。
4．Sharing thoughts and talking about each other's feelings is the best way to strengthen friendship.
分享想法和谈论彼此的感受是加强友谊的最好方法。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program. In my application letter, I was careful to 1 how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words. Once I 2 that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and 3 friends. While traveling was inspiring and meeting people was 4 ， nothing about my term in France was what I 5 .
The moment I arrived in Paris, I was 6 by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exciting 7 I received some shocking news from my program coordinator (协调人)：There had been a death in my host parents' extended family.They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to 8 out of one family's house and into another. The exchange coordinator told me I'd have a 9 this time and asked whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the temptation to 10 my native language, I asked not to be 11 with an English speaking roommate. When I got to my new room, I 12 myself to my new roommate Paolo, a Brazilian, the same age as I, whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favorite CDs! In just a few hours, we knew we'd be good friends for the rest of the 13 .
I left France with many 14 ， so when people ask me what my favorite part of the trip was, they are always 15 to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends 16 France we enjoyed together. I love how people can seem so different, but end up being so 17 . The most 18 lesson I gained from studying in France wasn't just to respect the French people 19 to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful 20 .
语篇解读：本文讲述了作者作为交换生去了法国，在法国经历了一系列难忘的事情。
1．A.discuss B．express
C．announce D．argue
解析：选B 根据空前的“In my application letter”可知，设空句是要表达在申请信里，作者认真地表达了自己有多想去法国看看。express意为“表达”，符合语境。discuss意为“讨论”；announce意为“宣布”；argue意为“争论”。
2．A.approved B．knew
C．warned D．denied
解析：选B 根据空后的“all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and ...”可知，作者一知道自己可以去法国了，他所能想到的所有事都是关于国外旅行和交朋友的乐趣。know意为“知道”，符合语境。approve意为“赞同”；warn意为“警告”；deny意为“否认”。
3．A.stubborn B．anxious
C．universal D．interesting
解析：选D 根据作者喜悦的心情可知，此处指交各种各样有趣的新朋友。interesting意为“有趣的”，符合语境。stubborn意为“固执的”；anxious意为“焦虑的”；universal意为“普遍的”。
4．A.boring B．tiring
C．exciting D．promising
解析：选C 根据空前的inspiring可知，设空处应指遇见人们是令人兴奋的。exciting意为“令人兴奋的”，符合语境。boring意为“令人厌烦的”；tiring意为“令人困倦的”；promising意为“有希望的”。
5．A.expected B．liked
C．doubted D．feared
解析：选A 根据前一个分句中的“While”可知，两个分句之间应为对比关系，故后一分句应表达在法国的这个学期中没有一件事是作者预料的(那样)。expect意为“期待，预料”，符合语境。like意为“喜欢”；doubt意为“怀疑”；fear意为“害怕”。
6．A.sponsored B．witnessed
C．greeted D．supported
解析：选C 根据空后的“my host parents”可知，此处指作者一到达巴黎，就得到了一对非常友好的法国夫妻的欢迎和问候。greet意为“问候”，符合语境。sponsor意为“赞助”；witness意为“目睹”；support意为“支持”。
7．A.until B．when
C．since D．while
解析：选A 根据下文的“They had to travel outside France for several weeks.”可知，作者刚到法国的那种兴奋与高兴只持续到项目协调人带给他令人震惊的消息为止。until意为“直到”，符合语境。when意为“当……时”；since意为“自从”；while意为“当……时”。
8．A.move B．travel
C．walk D．rush
解析：选A 根据上文的“They had to travel outside France for several weeks.”和空后的“into another”可知，此处指作者不得不从第一家寄宿家庭中搬出，再搬进另外一家。move意为“搬家”，符合语境。travel意为“旅行”；walk意为“散步”；rush意为“冲”。
9．A.housekeeper B．leader
C．roommate D．colleague
解析：选C 根据空后的“whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker”可推知，设空处指作者会有一个室友。roommate意为“室友”，符合语境。housekeeper意为“管家”；leader意为“领导者”；colleague意为“同事”。
10．A.learn B．appreciate
C．speak D．master
解析：选C 根据空后的“I asked not to be with an English speaking roommate”可推知，作者想要避免说母语。speak意为“说”，符合语境。learn意为“学习”；appreciate意为“欣赏”；master意为“掌握”。
11．A.combined B．fitted
C．involved D．placed
解析：选D 根据前面的“To avoid the temptation to my native language”可知，作者要求不要被安置在一个室友说英语的房间。place意为“放置，安置”，符合语境。combine意为“结合”；fit意为“适合”；involve意为“包括”。
12．A.added B．introduced
C．devoted D．adapted
解析：选B 根据空后的“a Brazilian, the same age as I”可知，作者和室友彼此介绍。introduce意为“介绍”，符合语境。add意为“增加”；devote意为“致力”；adapt意为“(使)适应”。
13．A.term B．week
C．month D．vacation
解析：选A 根据第一段的“my term in France”可知，设空句是要表达接下来的整个学期，“我们”都会是好朋友。term意为“学期”，符合语境。week意为“周”；month意为“月”；vacation意为“假期”。
14．A.presents B．suitcases
C．stories D．dreams
解析：选C 根据空后的“so when people ask me what my favorite part of the trip was”可推知，此处指“我”带着许多故事离开了法国。story意为“故事”，符合语境。present意为“礼物”；suitcase意为“行李箱”；dream意为“梦想”。
15．A.surprised B．disturbed
C．embarrassed D．concerned
解析：选A 根据空后的“talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends ...”可知，人们总是会惊讶地听作者谈起自己的许多故事。surprised意为“吃惊的”，符合语境。disturbed意为“被打扰的”；embarrassed意为“尴尬的”；concerned意为“关心的”。
16．A.analyzing B．exploring
C．describing D．investigating
解析：选B 根据weekends可推知，此处应指在周末探索法国。explore意为“探索”，符合语境。analyze意为“分析”；describe意为“描述”；investigate意为“调查”。
17．A.generous B．independent
C．distant D．similar
解析：选D 根据设空前的“seem so different, but end up being so”可知，此处表示人们看起来如此不同，但最终却是如此地相似。similar意为“相似的”，符合语境。generous意为“慷慨的”，independent意为“独立的”；distant意为“遥远的”。
18．A.comfortable B．necessary
C．valuable D．useful
解析：选C 根据空后的“to respect the French people”和“to respect all people”可推知，作者在法国学到的最有价值的一课就是不仅要尊重法国人，而且要尊重所有人。valuable意为“有价值的”，符合语境。comfortable意为“舒服的”；necessary意为“必要的”；useful意为“有用的”。
19．A.and B．but
C．or D．so
解析：选B 根据空前的“wasn't just to respect the French people”和空后的“to respect”可推知，此处表示不仅要尊重法国人，而且要尊重所有人。not just ...but ...意为“不仅……而且……”，but符合语境。
20．A.instructions B．friendships
C．facts D．data
解析：选B 根据上文所述作者在法国经历的一切可知，作者建议人们去体验外国文化并获得有意义的友谊。friendship意为“友谊”，符合语境。instruction意为“指示”；fact意为“事实”；data意为“数据”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The Magic of Fall Photography
Fall is the time when nature transforms the greens of summer into the reds, browns, yellows and oranges of fall. It is a magical season for photography. 1 However, many of us are disappointed with our results. Below are some tips on how to improve your photographs of the fall colors.
2 One way to do this is to use high color contrast which is achieved by using complementary (互补的) colors in your compositions. By definition, complementary colors form the grayscale colors when combined in proportion.
On a color wheel, the complementary colors are opposite to each other. 3 Using complementary colors together will make your photos “pop” with color. One color combination that works really well in nature shots is red and green. Among the colors of fall, red and green, and orange and blue are easy to find. When you are around water, blue is easy to find and it can work as a background to a yellow or orange subject.
As an alternative to the usual grand panoramic (全景的) shots, look more for a subject with a single color. When looking for this type of subject, walk around the subject and see which shooting position will help you take the best shot. 4
Once you have a good sense of composition, experiment with the angles and focal lengths (焦距). 5 Shooting a scene vertically gives it the all different presentation.
A．Also, don't overlook vertical formats.
B．It is an event we look forward to every year.
C．You should look for a scene without extra elements.
D．So the complementary color to red is green, and to blue is orange.
E．To get rid of these elements, you'd better make the background less distinct.
F．Red is not that common in nature, so when it is found, it draws attention.
G．To get great shots, you have to be creative and use colors creatively.
语篇解读：在秋天这个多彩的季节，如何才能拍出呈现秋日色彩的照片呢？本文对此提出了一些建议。
1．选B 前文提到，秋季是非常适合摄影的季节。后文讲到，然而很多人对结果很失望。结合后文中表示转折关系的词However可知，此处应承接上文，且与后文形成语义上的转折关系。结合选项可知，B项(这是我们每年都期待的活动)符合语境。
2．选G 前文提到，以下是提高你的秋季摄影作品质量的小技巧。空后讲到，一种方法是运用高对比度的颜色，可以通过使用互补色来实现这一效果。根据空后的“One way to do this is”可知，设空处应概括拍出好照片的方法。G项(要想拍出好的照片，你必须有创意，创造性地使用颜色)符合此处语境。
3．选D 空前讲到，在色环上，互补色彼此相对。后文讲到，使用互补色可以让照片效果更好，并提到了红色与绿色可以很好地搭配，而且在秋天很容易就能找到红色和绿色，橙色和蓝色。结合选项可知，D项(所以红色的互补色是绿色，蓝色的互补色是橙色)是对空前内容的进一步解释，符合语境。
4．选C 根据本段第一句可知，在拍照时，可以更多地寻找颜色单一的主体，代替通常的全景照片。结合选项可知，C项(你应该寻找一个没有多余元素的场景)与段首内容呼应，符合语境。
5．选A 根据前后文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是尝试不同的角度和不一样的焦距。结合空后的“Shooting a scene vertically gives it the all different presentation.”和选项可知，A项(除此之外，不要忽视垂直构图)中的vertical与后文的vertically相呼应，符合此处语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Visiting Chinatown in Manhattan New York can be 1 delight to anyone who enjoys food, culture, entertainment, and shopping. New York's Chinatown is 2 (convenient) located right next to Little Italy on Manhattan Island, 3 is one of the largest surviving ethnic Chinese communities outside of Asia. Chinatown, along with Little Italy in New York, 4 (list) in a historic district on the National Register of Historical Places in 2010.
There are a number of cultural activities throughout the year that residents get involved in. If you want to try delicious food, Chinatown might be the 5 (good) place to go. Not only do they serve a special plate of Garbage Fish, but they also can take out 6 (dish) suddenly that you have no idea what is in them but pleasing to your taste buds nevertheless.
If you enjoy history, you will find that New York's Chinatown is rich 7 history, culture, and civilization. Whether you're in Chinatown for fun and 8 (relax), or to stop to grab a bite 9 (eat), there is always something exciting 10 (go) on that might grab your attention.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是纽约唐人街的具体情况和历史地位。
1．a 考查冠词。a delight属于抽象名词具体化，指的是一件令人高兴的事。
2．conveniently 考查副词。此处为副词在句中作状语。
3．which 考查定语从句。此处为关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中充当主语。
4．was listed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Chinatown是动作的承受者，结合句尾的标志性状语“2010”和语境可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．best 考查形容词最高级。空格处在句中作名词的定语，结合语境可知，此处应用提示词的最高级形式。
6．dishes 考查名词复数。提示词dish为可数名词，且前无限定词，故填复数形式dishes。
7．in 考查介词。be rich in为固定搭配，意为“在……方面丰富”。
8．relaxation 考查名词。空格处与空前的名词fun是并列关系，故填relaxation。
9．to eat 考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作后置定语，grab a bite to eat“随便找点吃的”。
10．going 考查非谓语动词。go on与something exciting之间为主谓关系，故填going。句意：总是有一些激动人心的东西吸引你的注意力。
tips 语法填空之考查冠词和代词
(1)当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。如上文第1题。
(2)当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、不定代词以及it的用法。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾语与主语是同一人(或物)，应用反身代词。
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