Unit 1 Cultural relics
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．cultural adj. 文化的
2．rare adj. 稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的
3．dynasty n. 朝代；王朝
4．wooden adj. 木制的
5．mystery n. 神秘；神秘的事物
6．castle n. 城堡
7．trial n. 审判；审讯；试验
8．eyewitness n. 目击者；证人
第二组：写其形
1．design n. 设计；图案；构思
vt. 设计；计划；构思
2．fancy adj. 奇特的；异样的
vt. 想象；设想；爱好
3．style n. 风格；风度；类型
4．belong vi. 属于；为……的一员
5．remove vt. 移动；搬开
6．former adj. 以前的；从前的
7．worth prep. 值得的；相当于……的价值
n. 价值；作用
adj. [古]值钱的
8．local adj. 本地的；当地的
9．sink vi. 下沉；沉下
10．debate n．& vi. 争论；辩论
11．painting n. 绘画；画
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的→value n．价值；重要性v.评价；重视
2．select vt.挑选；选择→selection n．选择；挑选；选拔
3．amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.感到吃惊的→amazement n．惊奇
4．evidence n．根据；证据→evident adj.明显的；明白的
5．decorate v．装饰；装修→decoration n．装饰；装饰品
6．survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还vt.幸免于→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
7．doubt n．怀疑；疑惑vt.怀疑；不信→doubtful adj.感到怀疑的；不确定的→undoubtedly adv.确实地；毋庸置疑地
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．in search of 寻找
2．belong to 属于；为……的一员
3．in return 作为报答；回报
4．serve as 充当；起作用
5．at war 处于交战状态
6．less than 少于
7．take apart 拆开
8．think highly of 看重；器重
9．look into 调查
10．rather than 而不是；与其
11．add ...to ... 把……加到……上
12．by the light of 借助……的光线
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．could not/never have done“不可能已经做了某事”，表示对过去的否定推测
悟原句 Frederick William Ⅰ， the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
背佳句 (2019·浙江6月高考写作) Additionally, without your help, I couldn't have been a top student in English and could not have won in the English Speech Contest.
2．There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”
悟原句 There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K nigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
背佳句 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) I have a good command of both Chinese and English, so there is no doubt that I can communicate with visitors fluently.
3．“疑问词＋to do”结构在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语
悟原句 In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
背佳句 (2020·天津5月高考书面表达)I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about how to learn English on the Internet.
1.偏偏“喜爱，喜欢”你
2.“争论”容易伤和气
①debate v．& n． 辩论；争论
②argue v. 争论
③discuss v. 讨论
④quarrel v．& n. 争吵
⑤dispute v．& n. 争论
⑥conflict v．& n. 矛盾；冲突
3.含后缀 al的名词荟萃
①survive→survival 幸存
②arrive→arrival 到达
③refuse→refusal 拒绝
④approve→approval 批准
⑤remove→removal 移动
4.“at＋n.”短语小结
①at war 处于交战状态
②at school 在求学
③at play 在玩耍
④at sea 在大海上；在航行
⑤at work 在工作
⑥at peace 处于和平时期
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Jenny was busy putting some decorations (decorate) on the wall.
2．I am doubtful (doubt) whether I could ever learn English, but I'm determined to have a try at it.
3．—What do you think of the book
—Oh, excellent. It is worth reading (read) a second time.
4．It's reported that the coach will select twelve basketball players to take part in the sports meeting. The final team selection will be made tomorrow.(select)
5．It is necessary that we master some basic skills, which will greatly increase our chances of survival. Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
6．It is an amazing discovery so we are amazed at it; to our amazement, it is a disabled man who made the discovery.(amaze)
7．All the experts valued your advice; in other words, they thought your advice was valuable.(valuable)
8．It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty.(evident)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．In this way, we express thanks to our parents in return for their love.
2．In a way, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
3．The country has been at war with its neighbors for more than two years. Everyone in the country is really anxious for peace.
4．Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is under debate.
5．When you belong to a community garden, it also gives you a chance to socialize with your neighbor.
6．There is a warning that any exam cheater will be immediately removed from school.
7．People all over the country think highly of the building designed by the famous architect.
8．The police are busy looking into the cause of the traffic accident.
9．Having taken apart the old bike, we sold it to a waste recycling center.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．in return/in turn
①He was always ready to help others; in return, he was liked by everyone.
②The students clean the classroom every day in turn.
2．search/search for
①The police searched the suspect but found no weapon on him.
②For decades, they have struggled to search for ways to increase rice harvests.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．She was unsure of her reception after everything that had happened. 欢迎
2．Please remove high heeled shoes before using the slides. 脱掉
3．I realized, with a sinking heart, that I had forgotten to post that vital letter. 沮丧的
4．My father exploded over the news that I failed in the final exam. (愤怒等感情)爆发
5．We asked one of the locals to recommend a restaurant. 本地人
6．①I think he will give me a hand, but it's only a fancy of mine. 幻想
②You can hardly fancy his doing such a thing. 想象
③Do you fancy going to the beach after that 想要；想做
④I'm fond of going shopping and I have a fancy for chess. 爱好；迷恋
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．由于有那么多的噪音，我们不可能听见他们在谈论什么。(could not have done)
As there was so much noise, we couldn't have heard what they were talking about.
2．如果你在路上开车那么快，毫无疑问会出事故的。(There is no doubt that ...)
There is no doubt that you are bound to have an accident if you drive so fast down the road.
3．我正在做作业，突然听到有人叫我的名字。(be doing ... when)
I was doing my homework when I heard my name called.
4．据说我们外教老师已经回英国了。(It is＋过去分词＋that从句)
It is said that our foreign teacher has already returned to the UK.
5．决定去哪里度假后，我们就忙于准备工作。(疑问词＋to do)
Having decided where to go on holiday, we were busy in preparing.
1．survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比……活得长；(经过……)活(保存)下来；幸免于
(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)
(2)survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
②The old man survived his wife by seven years.
③If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)．
④(2019·浙江6月高考)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely on discarded (丢弃) food.
⑤The house survived the storm, which surprised us all.
暴风雨过后，这所房子并未倒塌，这使我们所有人都很惊讶。
?句式升级
⑥ (2016·10月浙江高考写作)After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.
→Having survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.(分词作状语)
[名师指津] survive 表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in, from等。
2．design n．设计；图案；构思vt.设计；计划；构思
?单句语法填空
①They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.
②She arrived just as we were leaving, but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or by design.
?句式升级
③The project, which was designed to help the students in need, didn't work out as planned.
→The project, designed to help the students in need, didn't work out as planned.(分词作后置定语)
?根据汉语提示完成下面语段
④Children above 12 are able to take part in skiing or other sports designed for them (为他们而设计的)．These exercises are designed to build up their body (目的是使他们强身健体)．So they all like to do them.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)design sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be designed for/to do sth. 旨在……；打算被用来做某事
design ... for ... 为……而设计
(2)by design 故意地；蓄意地
3．remove vt.& vi.移动；搬开；拿走；去除；开除；免职；脱掉(衣物)；消除
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中remove的含义①If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走②He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱掉③He was severely criticized and removed from his post.免职④The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.消除⑤Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.开除
理明白 remove ...from ... 把……从……移走remove sb. from school 开除某人；勒令某人退学remove one's doubt 消除某人的疑虑
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
⑥Students removed several desks from their classroom to another one.
?句式升级
⑦What you said has had my doubts removed completely.
→What you said has completely removed my doubts.
4．worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值n.价值；作用adj.[古]值钱的
(1)be worth
(2)worthy adj. 值得的
be worthy
(3)worthwhile adj. 值得花时间/金钱/精力的
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.
值得做某事
[演绎法练通]
?选词填空(worthy/worth/worthwhile)
①This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn't worthwhile.
?一句多译
杭州的西湖值得一游。
②The West Lake in Hangzhou is worth a visit/visiting.(worth)
③The West Lake in Hangzhou is worthy of a visit/of being visited/to be visited.(worthy)
④It is worthwhile visiting/to visit the West Lake in Hangzhou.(worthwhile)
[名师指津] worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
1．in search of寻找；搜寻；寻求
(1)in one's search for 寻找
(2)search sth./sb. 搜查某物/搜身
search for＝look for 寻找
search ...for ... 为找到……而搜查……
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Why not go and search the Internet for some information
②You are the one we are searching for. Please send us your resume!
③This is mainly because they have neglected other parts of their lives in search of this success.
?一句多译
救援人员徒手搬开砖块和石头，搜寻地震中的幸存者。
④The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands in search of/in their search for any survivor in the earthquake. (search n．)
⑤The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands to search for any survivor in the earthquake. (search v．)
[名师指津] search前有the, a或one's等限定词时，介词常用for; in search of结构中search前不加任何限定词。
2．belong to属于；为……的一员
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 She lost all her belongings in the fire, but fortunately, these precious books belonging to her weren't damaged.在大火中她失去了所有的财产，但是，幸运的是，这些属于她的珍贵的书籍没有受到损害。
用法释义 (1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 (2)belongings n． 财产；所有物；相关事物a sense of belonging 归属感
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①(2019·浙江6月高考)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
②In my opinion, you'd better put the book where/to which it belongs.
③It's vital that students have a sense of belonging (belong) to the school.
?句型转换
④A tiger is a large fierce animal which/that belongs to the cat family.
→A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging to the cat family.
[名师指津] belong to中to为介词，后接名词或代词宾格，不接名词性物主代词(如mine, yours, his, hers等)，不用于被动语态和进行时态，但作后置定语时常用现在分词形式(如句④)。
3．in return作为报答；回报
?单句语法填空
①I wish I could do something in return for the kindness I have received from him.
②If you decide to return to me, I will welcome you back.
?补全句子
③(2015·四川高考书面表达)You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return, which is exactly what I am dying for.
你提到作为回报你想教我英语，这正是我所渴望的。
[归纳法记牢]
in return for ... 作为……的交换；作为对……的报答
return sth. to sb.＝return sb. sth. 归还某人某物
return to ... 回到……
4．there is no doubt that ...毫无疑问……
[教材原句] There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K nigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
用法规则 (1)there is no doubt that ...毫无疑问……， that之后的从句为同位语从句，说明doubt的内容。(2)there is some doubt whether ... 不确定；仍有疑问(3)don't doubt that ... 确信……；不怀疑……(4)doubt if/whether ... 怀疑是否……
注意事项 (1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether(不可用if)引导的同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。(2)当doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中接whether或if引导的宾语从句；在否定句、疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
②I don't doubt that my father will come to watch my performance, but I doubt whether/if he can come on time.
③This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
?翻译句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)毫无疑问，我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难。
There is no doubt that I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.
5．特殊疑问词＋to do
[教材原句] In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。
用法规则 (1)“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词(who, what, which)和疑问副词(when, where, how)。(2)“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构可转换为从句。
注意事项 (1)在“疑问代词＋to do”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。(2)按英语习惯，疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 开头的省略疑问句中，其后可跟不带to的不定式。
[针对训练]
?句型转换
①The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know what he should do in trouble.
?补全句子
②When and where to hold the wedding hasn't been decided yet.
何时何地举行婚礼还没有决定。
③(2018·天津高考书面表达)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.
如果你能就如何改进我们的机器人给我们一些建议，我将不胜感激。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)That taught me a valuable (value) lesson and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We were so amazed (amaze) that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings (paint) were almost lifelike.
4．(2019·北京高考)Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural (culture) awareness.
5．(2018·天津高考)With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration (decorate) on a wedding cake.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.想象力②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.剥去
词类活用 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.n.当地人
生词僻义 ①(2014·安徽高考)She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.试验②(2014·四川高考)Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. 神秘的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2019·江苏高考) Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species (物种) that are disappearing every day. The white naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to 37 the species from going out of existence.
A．ban B．save
C．split D．remove
解析：选B 前文提到每天都有物种消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力拯救(save)这些物种，使它们免于灭绝。
2．(2016·天津高考)Last summer, she wanted to join our local swim team.She practiced hard and finally made it.The team practice, however, was a rough start.She coughed and choked and could hardly 21 her first few weeks.Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to pull her from it all.
A．use B．survive
C．save D．waste
解析：选B 由空格前的“she coughed and choked”可以看出，她(凯西)一开始进行游泳训练遭遇了咳嗽、呛水等一系列困难，前几个星期几乎挺不下去(hardly survive her first few weeks)。
3．(2014·湖北高考)At the entrance of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷) State Park, I noticed a job advertisement hiring park hosts.The position offered a free, permanent campsite in the park and 34 ， the hosts served as a link between the park's guests and the rangers (护林人)．
A．in return B．in time
C．in short D．in turn
解析：选A 空前说雇主给这个职位的待遇，空后说公园管理员的职责是在来公园的游客和护林人之间建立纽带关系，由此判断选A表示“作为(对……的)回报”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)我们都知道，穿校服的学生可能会为他属于某个学校而感到自豪。(belong to)
As we all know, by wearing a school uniform, a student may feel proud that he belongs to a certain school.
2．(2019·北京高考书面表达)毫无疑问，你会玩得很开心。(there is no doubt that)
There is no doubt that you will have a good time.
3．(2016·天津高考书面表达)我们最为欣赏的是你们有强烈的团队精神，使我们高效地完成了任务。(appreciate)
What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit, which allowed us to complete our tasks very efficiently.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①rarely □
②origin □
③culture □
④style □
⑤exhibition □
⑥historic □
⑦splendid □
⑧wooden □
⑨valuable □
⑩decorate □
remain □
design □
construct □
paint □
occupy □
wonder □
pass down □
date back to □
have a history of □
in memory/honour of □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The beautiful long branches covered with pink colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations (装饰)．
2．She's full of good intentions but they rarely (很少) work out.
3．The ancient temple was very splendid (富丽堂皇的) once, but it is a ruin now.
4．There are two big round new Chinese wooden (木制的) tables in the house.
5．It demonstrated the brilliance of China's ancient culture (文化)．
6．The professor gave us a valuable (宝贵的) insight into the problems of education.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)The original (origin) iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions (exhibit) may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery.
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Discover, explore and enjoy award winning Tullie House, where historic (history) collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery.
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They eventually learned that the painting (paint) they owned was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.”
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles (style)．
6．I have been occupied (occupy) in finishing this task recently, so sorry I can't go to your party.
7．Do you know who is the designer (design) of the Monument to the People's Heroes at Tiananmen Square
8．The new suspension bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction (construct) now.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．A monument has been set up in memory/honour of their dear teacher, who made great contributions to education.
他们已经竖起了一块纪念碑来纪念他们敬爱的老师，这位老师对教育作出了巨大的贡献。
2．The mastery and skills of cooking in China date back to thousands of years.
中国在烹饪方面的优势和技艺可以追溯到几千年前。
3．I hope that through the analysis, we can pass down the excellence of traditional Chinese culture better.
我希望通过这样的分析阐述，我们能对中国优秀传统文化进行更好的继承。
4．The ancient tower has a history of about 500 years, and it almost becomes part of our local culture.
这个古塔已经有大约500年的历史，并且几乎成为我们当地文化的一部分。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city's cultural heritage (遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as Hutong.
Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk.Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 Hutongs, most of which are near the Forbidden City.Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250.In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, some people will be asked to move from Hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.
“On average more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays.The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics，” said the director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that Hutongs should be protected from human damage.
The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritage worked.The head of the Xicheng district government said the area has 182 cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271－1368)．“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage.”
“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially Hutongs, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished.”
No one knows for sure how many Hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.
语篇解读：北京的胡同已不再是小小的街道，它记载着北京几百年的历史和文化。本文主要介绍了北京胡同的历史、现状及政府的保护措施。
1．How many Hutongs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing
A．Fewer than 1,000. B．About 2,000.
C．More than 3,000. D．Over 4,000.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 Hutongs, most of which are near the Forbidden City. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250.”可知，北京胡同的数量由60年前的3 250条减少至现在的不到1 000条，共减少了大约2 000条。故选B项。
2．According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is the main reason for the damage to cultural relics
A．People's activity.
B．Residents' attitude.
C．Communities' behavior.
D．The governments' policy.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics”和“Hutongs should be protected from human damage”以及倒数第三段最后一句可知，文化遗迹遭到破坏的主要因素是人们的活动。
3．Which of the following is a useful way to protect Hutongs
A．To attract more visitors.
B．To forbid everyone from getting close to them.
C．To increase the local population.
D．To punish anyone damaging them.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“... any actions to damage the heritage will be punished.”可知，加大对破坏胡同行为的惩罚是保护胡同比较有用的措施，故选D项。
4．What is the author's attitude toward Hutongs
A．Optimistic. B．Pessimistic.
C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者对胡同未来的命运深感担忧，持悲观态度。
B
Trash is the talk of Shanghai. The city requires residents (居民) and businesses to sort their waste into separate bins. The task is tough: Shanghai produces more than 9 million tons of garbage every year and it lacks even a basic recycling system.
As far back as 2000, the Chinese government foresaw this problem and designated eight cities, including Shanghai, to pilot trash recycling programs. They all failed completely. Not only did the cities lack the equipment and facilities to recycle, but residents were given no rewards for sorting their trash or education about why it was so important. This ignorance continues. A 2018 survey of 3,600 residents of major Chinese cities found that nearly three quarters could not identify how to properly sort their trash for recycling.
Regardless, the government is trying again. In 2017, China announced a plan to promote “garbage sorting” in China's major cities. Shanghai's new program is the most visible and extensive one ever attempted in China. Under the plan, citizens are required to sort their trash into four separate categories: residual waste, recyclable waste, hazardous waste (such as batteries and light bulbs) and household food waste.
Importantly, the system in Shanghai is uniquely public. Residents can only throw away waste during certain hours, ensuring that neighbors will see who is and who isn't sorting properly. They must empty food waste into public bins without using bags, so everyone can also see what they're throwing away. A fine of up to 200 yuan, roughly 30, awaits those who don't sort waste. And officials will cut off garbage collection for the whole community if they don't obey the rules.
At the same time, Shanghai has spent weeks using every possible propaganda tool, from the social media to local and even national newspapers, to explain how and why residents should recycle. On Sina Weibo, the subject has been under heated discussion, with reports that the new regulations apply to foreign tourists as well. Younger Chinese seem to have favorable opinions of the program, though they fear it will be time consuming.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。从2019年7月1日起，上海开始实行严格的垃圾分类政策。
5．Why did the trash recycling programs in 2000 fail in China
A．Because of the lack of trash recycling technology and awareness.
B．Due to no experience of trash sorting and recycling.
C．Owing to Chinese cities producing too much trash to be dealt with.
D．On account of the Chinese government not predicting the trash problem.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Not only did the cities lack the equipment and facilities to recycle, but residents were given no rewards for sorting their trash or education about why it was so important.”可知，2000年的垃圾回收利用方案的失败是因为缺乏必要的设备和设施，并且居民也缺乏相关的意识。
6．Which of the following behavior disagrees with the trash sorting regulations
A．Throwing away garbage at the stated time.
B．Sorting their trash into four separate categories.
C．Putting trash into public bins without using bags.
D．Limiting the amount of the trash that could be thrown each time.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段内容可知，规定没有限制每次扔垃圾的数量。
7．What does the word “propaganda” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Avoiding risks.
B．Economic guarantees.
C．Carrying out policies.
D．Broadcasting information.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据后文中的“from the social media to local and even national newspapers”及“to explain how and why residents should recycle”可知，该词意为“宣传”。
8．What worries young people about the trash sorting program
A．Paying more charges.
B．Spending too much time.
C．Suffering inconvenience.
D．Exposing personal privacy.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Younger Chinese seem to have favorable opinions of the program, though they fear it will be time consuming.”可知，年轻人担心在垃圾分类上会花费太多时间。
Ⅱ.短文改错
How time flies! It won't be long after I say goodbye to my high school life. Look back on what has happened, I really want to share one of the most unforgettable experience with you.
It was my first time to give English speech. I felt worried, so I turned to Mrs. Li, my English teacher, with help. She had encouraged me to work hardly and practise more. Confidently, I practised them countless hours. My performance was very successful that it impressed my classmates a lot. I was not a talent speaker; I knew it took the SWEAT to finally taste the SWEET success.
答案：第二句：after→before
第三句：Look→Looking; experience→experiences
第四句：give后加an
第五句：with→for
第六句：去掉had; hardly→hard
第七句：them→it或去掉them
第八句：very→so
第九句：talent→talented
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友David对中国的长城很感兴趣，来信向你询问长城的有关情况。请根据以下要点给他写一封回信。
1．长城有两千多年的历史；长城全长21,196.18千米，高6至7米；宽4至5米；
2．长城代表了中国悠久的历史；
3．如今，长城已经成为著名的旅游景点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear David，
How have you been lately You wanted to know about the Great Wall in your last letter.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear David，
How have you been lately You wanted to know about the Great Wall in your last letter. I'm happy to tell you about it here. The Great Wall was built more than two thousand years ago. It is 21,196.18 kilometres long, six to seven metres high and four to five metres wide. The Great Wall, which represents the long history of China, is a great wonder created by the ancient Chinese people. Now the Great Wall has become one of the most famous attractions in China, and it attracts a large number of visitors from all over the world each year.
I hope you can come to China to visit the Great Wall one day. I'm sure you will enjoy it.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
20Unit 2 The Olympic Games
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．magical adj. 巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的
2．slave n. 奴隶
3．motto n. 座右铭；格言；警句
4．swift adj. 快的；迅速的
5．similarity n. 相像性；相似点
6．physical adj. 物理的；身体的
7．glory n. 光荣；荣誉
第二组：写其形
1．ancient adj. 古代的；古老的
2．homeland n. 祖国；本国
3．basis n．(pl.bases) 基础；根据
4．athlete n. 运动员；运动选手
5．replace vt. 取代；替换；代替
6．charge vt.& vi. 收费；控诉
n. 费用；主管
7．bargain vi. 讨价还价；讲条件
n. 便宜货
8．foolish adj. 愚蠢的；傻的
9．pain n. 疼痛；痛苦
10．deserve vi.& vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的→hope v．& n．希望→hopeful adj.有希望的
2．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n．竞争者
3．regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→regularly adv.定期地；有规律地→regulation n．规则；规章制度
4．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳→admission n．承认；入场费；准许进入
5．responsibility n．责任；职责→responsible adj.有责任心的
6．advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→advertiser n．广告商→advertisement n．广告
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．take part in 参加；参与
2．stand for 代表；象征；表示
3．as well 也；又；还
4．one after another 陆续地；一个接一个地
5．pick up 拾起；捡起；用车接某人；(偶然)学会
6．take the place of 代替……
7．play a role in 在……起作用
8．as a matter of fact 事实上
9．in charge (of) 主管；看管；负责
10．apart from 除了……之外；要不是
11．make a bargain with 与……达成协议
12．on purpose 故意地；蓄意地
13．work out 计算出；解决
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．what引导的名词性从句
悟原句 I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
背佳句 (2019·天津高考书面表达)For one thing, I'm interested in Impressionism, which is regarded as the beginning of what we call “modern art” today.
2．“nor/neither＋情态动词/助动词/be动词＋主语”构成倒装句型
悟原句 No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women！
背佳句 He cannot find anyone now, nor does he expect to find anyone in the future.
3．“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”意为“越……就越……”
悟原句 This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.
背佳句 (2018·北京高考书面表达)The more you know about our traditional Chinese culture, the more you are interested in it.
1.同在一片“陆地(land)”上
①homeland 祖国；本国
②motherland 祖国
③mainland 大陆；本土
④farmland 农田；农场
⑤wasteland 荒地；不毛之地
2.是装“傻”还是真“聪明”
①foolish 傻的
②stupid 愚蠢的
③silly 傻的
④clever 聪明的
⑤smart 聪明的
⑥wise 明智的
⑦intelligent 聪明的
3.“as”高频短语一览
①as well 也；又；还
②as a matter of fact 事实上
③as a result 结果
④as usual 照例；照常
⑤as follows 如下
4.“除……以外”词语面面观
①apart from 除……外(包括/不包括)
②aside from 除……外(包括/不包括)
③besides 除……外(包括)
④as well as 除……之外；而且
⑤in addition 此外
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．She's in a hopeless (hope) situation, which we will keep a very close eye on.
2．Eating properly and exercising regularly (regular) can make one enjoy a healthier and longer life.
3．It was foolish of you to refer to your notes in such an important test.Stop making a fool of yourself.(fool)
4．All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are competing for the honor of winning the gold medal in the competition.(compete)
5．We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)
6．Advertisers are supposed to be honest about the advertisement.If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined up to 50,000 yuan.(advertise)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.
2．The letters BBC stand for British Broadcasting Company.
3．At present, we have no one to take the place of John as the manager of the company.
4．Shop in small local markets and don't be afraid to bargain with the sellers.
5．We are advised to have a medical examination on a regular basis, which is helpful to our health.
6．It's not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．in charge of/in the charge of
①(2020·天津5月高考)Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people
②Mother puts the baby in the charge of the baby sitter while she is out.
2．one after another/one by one
①He begins opening bottles one after another.
②Please recite these sentences carefully one by one.
3．take part in/join/join in/attend
My brother ①attended a law school after he left middle school. Yesterday he ②attended/took part in the meeting held in his class. He ③joined in the discussion whether they would ④join a theater club. At last, most students signed up for it, including my brother.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．Helen volunteered to have Thanksgiving at her house this year. 主动提出
2．The waiters welcomed one of the restaurant's regulars. 顾客
3．Sarah bought some chocolate for her three young charges. 负责照顾的人
4．Candidates who fail to meet these requirements will not be admitted to the university. 允许进入
5．According to the report, the facts admit of no other explanations. 容许
6．They spent 10 million restoring the theatre to its former glory. 辉煌
7．①I want to know which country will host the next World Cup. 主办
②After we were seated, the host brought in some wine. 主人
③In my opinion, she is the most humourous host in CCTV. 主持人
④Beijing is the host city for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. 主办者；东道主
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．这家公司在昨天的报纸上登广告招聘一名销售人员。(advertise)
The company advertised for a salesman in yesterday's newspaper.
2．我从海报上得知，我们学校的英语协会现在需要一些志愿者接待来访的外国学生，我想申请这个职位。(poster, volunteer)
(2018·浙江6月高考写作)I have learnt from the poster that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers to meet the visiting foreign students and I want to apply for the position.
3．我们对这次竞赛如此感兴趣，以至于我们成立了一个小组参加。(competition)
(2018·天津高考书面表达)We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to take part in it.
4．如果你跟他讲价，他会减价的。(bargain)
If you bargain with him, he will reduce the price.
5．是他的病使他未能参加学校的课程。(强调句式)
It was his illness that stopped him attending the school courses.
6．昨天晚上他没有去参加派对，我也没有去。(nor/neither倒装结构)
He didn't attend the party last night, nor/neither did I.
7．起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但是他越解释我就越迷惑。(the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...)
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained, the more confused I became.
1．compete vi.比赛；竞争
(1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争
compete for sth. 为了……而竞争
compete with/against sb. 和某人比赛
(2)competition n. 比赛；竞争
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Jack was selected to compete in the 32nd Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020, but the Games were put off because of the COVID 19.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The competition (compete) to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours.
③Life is like a long race where we often compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves.
④Living in a highly competitive (compete) society, you definitely have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills.
?补全句子
⑤(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements.
博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动争夺人们的业余时间和金钱。
2．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳；容纳
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中admit的含义①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit.承认②Most colleges admit students on the basis of their College Entrance Examination records.接纳③The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.容纳
理明白 (1)admit doing/having done sth. 承认做/做过某事admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人/某物是……be admitted to/into 被接收(入学/入院/入党等)admit that ... 承认……(2)admission n. 承认；准许进入；入场费
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
④I must learn as much as I can to be admitted to/into a good medical college, where I can prepare myself well enough for the job of a doctor.
⑤She apologized to me and admitted taking/having taken(take) my umbrella by mistake.
?补全句子
⑥The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.
考试很可能会像预期的那样顺利进行，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将要实现了。
3．replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处
(1)replace sth.with/by sth. 用某物替换某物
replace sb. as 取代某人成为……
代替某人
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not.
②It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced (replace) by computers in class.
?句型转换
③John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of him/take his place.
?补全句子
④After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video in place of an album.
经过激烈的讨论，我们同意制作视频而不是相册。
4．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电n.费用；主管
(1)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责
(3)free of charge＝for free 免费
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2020·天津5月高考)If your card has been lost, a fee of ￡5 is charged for the production of a replacement card.
②Officially he is in charge, but in fact his secretary does all the work.
?句型转换
③The house has been in the charge of Mr. Bell for more than a year.
→Mr. Bell has been in charge of the house for more than a year.
?补全句子
④During the period of two weeks, we held a series of activities on our studies and sports, a few of which were in the charge of students from the English Department.
在两周的时间里，我们举办了一系列关于学习和体育的活动，其中一些是由英语系学生负责的。
[名师指津] in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。(如句③)
5．deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得；应得
?单句语法填空
①The doctors, nurses and soldiers deserved to win (win) the award for their acts of bravery during the outbreak of COVID 19.
②(2019·江苏高考)Melissa want to save her father's music because his music deserved to be preserved (preserve) in the family.
?补全句子
③(2019·浙江6月高考写作)Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty.
同时，如果孩子们努力履行自己的职责，他们确实值得表扬。
[归纳法记牢]
deserve to do sth. 应该做某事；值得做某事
(sth.) deserve doing/to be done (某事)值得被做/应该被做
deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意
[名师指津] “deserve doing”结构是动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，它相当于deserve to be done。与deserve用法类似的词还有：need, want, require。
1．take part in参加；参与
?补全句子
①Any student who is interested in this activity is welcome to take part.
欢迎任何对本次活动感兴趣的学生参加。
②It goes without saying that taking an active part in social activities can broaden our horizons.
毫无疑问，积极参加社会活动能够拓宽我们的视野。
③As is known to all, geography also plays a part in making dialects.
众所周知，地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。
[归纳法记牢]
take an active part in 积极参加
participate in 参加；参与
play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
[名师指津] (1)take part in是固定短语， part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词(如句②)；(2)在使用take part in时，若其后无宾语，则不加介词in(如句①)。
2．stand for代表；象征；表示；主张；支持
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中stand for的含义①In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.代表②Do you stand for or against this principle？支持③As we know, pigeons stand for peace.象征
理明白 stand out 突出，显眼stand by 支持；旁观stand up for 支持；维护(权利)
[针对训练]
?选用上述短语填空
④Some parents worry about their children who are not able to stand up for themselves in life.
⑤Good Heavens! How could you stand by and allow such a thing to happen!
?补全句子
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In China, red stands for beauty, life and happiness, so you can visit a Chinese family dressed in red.
在中国，红色代表美丽、生命和幸福，所以你可以穿红色衣服去拜访一个中国家庭。
3．nor引导的倒装句型
[教材原句] No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!
别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
[用法规则]
(1)“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，可翻译为“某人/某物也不这样”。
(2)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，表示“某人/某物也这样”。
(3)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is (was) with .../It is (was) the same with ...。
(4)“so＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”用于对前面的事实加以肯定，有“的确如此”之意。
[针对训练] 补全句子
①You can't cancel the contract, nor/neither can I.
你不能取消这个合同，我也不能。
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)The New Zealanders care a lot about table manners, and so do the Chinese.
新西兰人很讲究餐桌礼仪，中国人也一样。
③He is very clever but he doesn't work hard; it is the same with/so it is with his sister.
他很聪明，但不努力，他姐姐也是这样。
4．the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...
[教材原句] This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.
这很重要，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就越高。
用法规则 (1)“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……就越……”。(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。(3)“the more ..., the less ...”意为“越……越不……”。
注意事项 “the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①(2019·浙江6月高考)There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the stranger (strange) the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
②The more you practise, the better you will speak (speak) English.
?补全句子
③The higher the ground is, the thinner air becomes.
离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。
④The more English you practise, the better your English is.
你练习英语越多，你的英语就越好。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' (voluntary) memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Please ensure that you bring your existing card with you. Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
3．(2020·天津7月高考)All kinds of activities were involved, such as sports meetings, science competitions (compete), speech contests.
4．(2019·天津高考)Please ensure that you have your own insurance for your personal belongings as Waikato Accommodation Services takes no responsibility (responsible) for any theft or damage to personal belongings.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Learning English as a second language can be a painful (pain) experience.
6．(2018·江苏高考)All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and family/children's programs are free with admission (admit)．
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2019·浙江6月高考)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military (军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.勋章
词类活用 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard.n.志愿者
生词僻义 (2018·天津高考) Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.有魔力的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school — he as an administrator and I as a student ... I could count on my dad taking me to school, running into him 18 during the day and riding home with him every afternoon.
A．gradually B．previously
C．regularly D．eventually
解析：选C 前面说明了作者和父亲在同一所学校，根据空后的“during the day”可以推断出，他们两个人白天在学校经常见面。故选C。
2．(2019·北京高考)A retired engineer, 76 year old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started 12 his car to the young people, Wilson has covered an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school.
A．donating B．lending
C．delivering D．volunteering
解析：选D 根据上文中的“free rides”可知，威尔逊总让街坊的大学生免费乘车去上学，故此处应指“自从他开始志愿(volunteering)开车送这些年轻人”。
3．(2015·浙江高考)The thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they aren't happy.Some complain of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight hour workweeks devoted to tasks they hate.Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and empty.
A．advertised B．witnessed
C．admitted D．demanded
解析：选C 根据空格后的语境可推知，此处句意应为“问题是他们中很多人承认尽管他们很成功，但并不快乐”，故选择admitted“承认”。advertise“做广告，宣传”；witness“见证”；demand“要求”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·天津5月高考书面表达)我要鼓励他们去参加各种各样的活动来提升社交能力。(take part in)
I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
2．(2019·北京高考书面表达)我认为这个农活项目很有意义，一些经历很值得分享。(deserve)
I think the farmwork programme is very meaningful and some experiences deserve sharing.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我们校队的运动员近年来在乒乓球比赛中获得了许多金牌，并且教练组也很专业。(athlete, medal)
Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years and the coaching team is also very professional.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①defend □
②defeat □
③coach □
④athlete □
⑤competitor □
⑥cyclist □
⑦game □
⑧swimming □
⑨absence □
⑩fiercely □
excited □
powerful □
frequent □
significant □
professional □
pay off □
break the record □
favorite sports □
build up one's body □
take physical exercise □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·天津5月高考)We played games (游戏) together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories.
2．In spite of many defeats (失败), they still had plenty of fight left in them.
3．My PE teacher used to be a professional (职业的) basketball player.
4．Jack was drunk for the third time and was taken out by the coach (教练).
5．Many people agree to the view that swimming (游泳) is one of the best ways to tone up your body.
6．The young competitor's attempt to break the world record (纪录) nearly came off.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Remember, even world champion athletes (athlete) practice their skills on a consistent basis.
2．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jennifer is a first generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that's pretty powerful (power)．
3．The school made an announcement about holding an English speech contest next Monday, which made me very excited (excite)．
4．If you defend (defence) someone or something when they have been criticized, you argue in support of them.
5．The captain looked for the cyclist (cycle) but he was already out of sight.
6．How do you account for your long absence (absent) from the morning exercises without asking for leave
7．It is said that the new drug has great significance (significant) for the treatment of the disease.
8．Our top priority right now has to be creating new jobs and opportunities in a fiercely (fierce) competitive world.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．I'm Li Hua, president of the Students' Union of our school. I am writing to advise you to take physical exercise regularly.
我是学校学生会主席李华，我写信建议你们有规律地参加体育锻炼。
2．As far as I'm concerned, running is not only a good way to build up our bodies but also help us relax and relieve the pressure of learning.
就我个人而言，跑步不仅是强身健体的好方法而且有助于我们放松心情，缓解学习压力。
3．My favorite sports are skating and running, so I often go skating or running with friends at weekends.
我最喜欢的体育运动是滑冰和跑步，因此我经常在周末和朋友们一起去滑冰或跑步。
4．Our determination and patience paid off with a breakthrough — we got good marks in the school sports meeting.
我们的决心和耐心取得了突破性的结果——我们在校运动会上取得了好成绩。
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
A primary school principal in north China has become the latest Internet celebrity for leading some cool moves during a morning exercise routine with his students.
Every morning, 40 year old principal Zhang Pengfei at the Xi Guan Primary School in Linyi county, Shanxi Province would lead about 700 pupils on the playground in a synchronised “ghost shuffle” routine — a dance that incorporates contemporary jazz steps with heel, toe and arm movements. The bold headmaster thought the fun and energetic exercise routine would better encourage students to get active instead of “being glued to their mobile phones”．
The school's new 30 minute dance routine has replaced the government imposed broadcast callisthenics (健身操) programme, a short workout that has been a requirement at every primary, middle and secondary school in China since 1951. “I thought we needed a change because the students have been losing interest in doing the broadcast callisthenics routine，” Zhang told Southern Metropolis Daily.
The dedicated principal said he came across a group of people doing the “ghost shuffle” routine at a public plaza last summer and decided to learn the dance himself. “I thought the dance would be great for kids，” he said. “The music is full of energy and it really gets the happy feeling of flowing.” In October, he introduced the choreographed (编舞) routine to all of his students and shortly after, even teachers and staff were joining in. “Now the students aren't constantly on their phones. I sometimes catch them watching different dance routine videos and learning new moves！” the proud headmaster told reporters.
The video quickly went around on Chinese social media, with a Weibo topic page titled “principal leads students in ghost dance routine” gathering 250 million views. “This is perhaps the best adaption of sport and entertainment for children，” a comment on Weibo read.
语篇解读：山西临猗县西关小学校长对学校的课间操进行了改革，选用“鬼步舞”代替课间操。他认为这种舞蹈音乐节奏强烈，充满正能量，对孩子的身心健康有益。这位校长领着孩子们在课间跳“鬼步舞”的视频迅速成为热点。
1．What can we know from the passage
A．Zhang Pengfei is a primary school principal in south China.
B．Xi Guan Primary School's new 30 minute dance routine is both fun and energetic.
C．Doing the broadcast callisthenics routine is only required at primary schools in China.
D．Few people showed interest in Zhang Pengfei's ghost dance routine video on Weibo.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这位大胆的校长认为，这种有趣且充满活力的锻炼动作能更好地鼓励学生活跃起来，而不是“粘在手机上”。据此可知，这种舞蹈有趣且充满活力，故B项正确。
2．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．People hold a critical attitude towards the adaptation.
B．People hold an indifferent attitude towards the adaptation.
C.People hold a negative attitude towards the adaptation.
D．People hold a supportive attitude towards the adaptation.
解析：选D 推理判断题。通读尾段可知，“校长带领学生跳鬼步舞”的视频在微博上被大量点击浏览；根据尾句中的“This is perhaps the best adaption of sport and entertainment for children”可知，微博评论认为这种舞蹈可能是孩子们运动和娱乐的最佳方式。据此可推知，人们支持这种改编的舞蹈，故D项正确。
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．The “ghost shuffle” routine was created by Zhang Pengfei.
B．The “ghost dance” is a form of callisthenics in China.
C．The principal leads students in the ghost dance routine.
D．The primary school is famous in China.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第一句中的“Every morning, 40 year old principal ... would lead about 700 pupils on the playground in a synchronised ‘ghost shuffle’ routine”可知，校长带领学生跳“鬼步舞”。
4．From which part of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Agriculture. B．Technology.
C．Economy. D．Education.
解析：选D 文章出处题。通读全文可知，山西临猗县西关小学的校长对学校的课间操进行了改革，选用“鬼步舞”代替课间操，并带领学生们跳舞，他认为这种舞蹈音乐节奏强烈，充满正能量，对孩子的身心健康有益。据此可推知，本文与学校教育相关，故最可能选自杂志的教育版块，故D项正确。
B
Breakdancing is set to make its debut (首次亮相) as an Olympic sport at Paris 2024, Tony Estanguet, head of the Paris 2024 organizing committee, said on February 21. Skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing which have already been added to Tokyo 2020, have been invited to return in Paris.
Estanguet said the choices responded to a need to make the Olympics “more urban” and “more artistic”. “We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee (IOC) with the four sports because they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision. They reflect perfectly Paris 2024's identity.”
Breakdancing is an example of a sport “which can be played anywhere and anytime in urban and other environments”. It appeared at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires in the form of head to head “battles”. In competitive breakdancing, “breakers” face off in “battles” against each other, either as individuals or teams. Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics (杂技)．
The IOC had announced that the number of competitors at Paris 2024 would be restricted to 10,500, which limited the opportunity to add sports. But the organizers said the inclusion would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities and would involve just 248 competitors, including 32 breakdancers. The surfing events are likely to be held in established surf centers such as Biarritz or Lacanau in southwest France.
The inclusion still needs to be rubber stamped by the IOC, which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris 2024 after Tokyo 2020.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。2024年巴黎奥运会有意增加四项新体育项目。
5．What do we know about breakdancing
A．It involves multiple skills.
B．It's limited to group competition.
C．It will show up in Paris 2024.
D．It never appeared in the world events.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics (杂技)．”可知，霹雳舞需要多种技巧，故A项正确。
6．Paris 2024 organizers have chosen the four sports because they .
A．attract young people
B．perfectly reflect Paris' identity
C．make Paris more urban and artistic
D．can be played anytime and anywhere
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee (IOC) with the four sports because they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision.”可知，2024年巴黎奥运会组织者选择这四项体育项目是因为它们能吸引年轻人，故A项正确。
7．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．10,500 competitors will compete for the new sports.
B．More surf centers will be specially designed for Paris 2024.
C．The IOC will reject the proposal because of inadequate facilities.
D．The inclusion won't require additional competition space to be built.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容尤其是第二句中的“But the organizers said the inclusion would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities”可知，入选项目并不需要建造永久性设施，由此可推知D项正确。
8．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “rubber stamped” in the last paragraph
A．Approved. B．Canceled.
C．Submitted. D．Designed.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris 2024 after Tokyo 2020”可推知，画线词表示“批准”，故A项正确。
C
Daniel Lamplugh remembers going shopping with his dad on Black Friday.“Waking up at 6 a．m.the day after Thanksgiving is what I grew up doing，” says the University of New Orleans film student.
A lot has changed since those childhood days.Online retailers (零售商) have forced many chains out of business.Consumers are increasingly shopping with their smartphones.But a funny thing happened on the way to the future：Most shoppers are not going all digital.Surveys show they're eager for good experiences at retail stores.
This November and December, for the first time ever, retailer websites will get more traffic from mobile users than computer users, predicts Adobe Digital Insights.“We live our lives with a combination of the physical and the digital，” says Kit Yarrow, author of the book “Decoding the New Consumer Mind.”“Retailers have to understand it's not a question of either/or.It's a question of combining the two.”
Heather Howe, an MBA student, said，“Consumers like shopping on their phones and online because it's more convenient and because there are more options.I went to the Vans store to try on shoes and then I actually purchased them online while I was in the store.”
While mobile sales are growing, the widest use of smartphones in stores is researching products or looking up product information (58 percent), closely followed by checking or comparing prices (54 percent), according to a survey.
“My phone plays a huge role in online shopping, because I am on the email list for all of my favorite brands, so I get many emails daily informing me of sales，” says Rachel Lynch, who works at a Boston public relations agency.“Also, a store has an app that allows me to chat with other users about the products, and read reviews.Online reviews are one of the first things I look at when I am about to buy a new product.”
“Electronics and kitchen equipment are definitely online purchases for me, since they're heavy to get home on the subway and often cheaper online，” says Michael Miller Ernest, a manager in Brooklyn, N．Y.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章从消费者的购物习惯讨论商家应该如何应对消费习惯的不断变化。
9．What do most shoppers tend to do now
A．Do shopping all digitally.
B．Use computers to do online shopping.
C．Do window shopping in shopping malls.
D．Go to physical stores with their smartphones.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Consumers are increasingly shopping with their smartphones.”和“they're eager for good experiences at retail stores”及第五段中的“the widest use of smartphones in stores”可知，现今，消费者大都选择在实体店看实物，然后当即用手机在网上下单。
10．What's Kit Yarrow's suggestion for retailers
A．Reaching both online and offline consumers.
B．Focusing on either the physical or the digital.
C．Encouraging consumers to use smartphones.
D．Providing more convenience for computer users.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We live our lives with a combination of the physical and the digital ... It's a question of combining the two.”可知，Kit Yarrow建议零售商要接触线上和线下两个领域的消费者。
11．What does Heather Howe think of online stores
A．They offer wider choices.
B．They sell high quality goods.
C．They will replace physical stores.
D．They are burning shoppers' patience.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Consumers like shopping on their phones and online because it's more convenient and because there are more options”可知，Heather Howe认为网络商店提供更多的选择。
12．What can be inferred about Rachel Lynch's habits
A．She buys heavy goods online.
B．She often writes users' reviews.
C．She is fond of sending producers emails.
D．She tries to learn about other users' experience.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Online reviews are one of the first things I look at when I am about to buy a new product.”可知，Rachel Lynch会关注其他用户的体验。
tips 三层级解细节推理判断题
细节推理判断题，即要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的情况。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者言外之意的能力。细节推理判断题题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend等标志性词语。
此类题型可采用“信息定位＋同义替换＋综合分析”法来解答：
1．跳读，找到相关信息点(即能够进行推理的依据)；
2．细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；
3．分析推理，在理解字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意，切勿拿文章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的结论；结合选项，找到与文章信息点所表达意思相近的选项。
例如上文第12题属于细节推理判断题，由倒数第二段中的“Online reviews are one of the first things I look at when I am about to buy a new product.”可推知答案，切忌单纯根据字面意思而误选。如B选项中的reviews一词与信息句中的online reviews一致，因此很容易选错。
PAGE
21Unit 3 Computers
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．calculator n． 计算器
2．universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
3．artificial adj. 人造的；假的
4．designer n. 设计师
5．network n. 网络；网状物
6．download vt. 下载
7．virus n. 病毒
8．naughty adj. 顽皮的；淘气的
第二组：写其形
1．calculate vt. 计算
2．solve vt. 解决；解答
3．reality n. 真实；事实；现实
4．anyhow adv. (也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
5．happiness n. 幸福；快乐
6．signal vi.& vt. 发信号
n. 信号
7．type n. 类型
vt.& vi. 打字
8．arise vi. 出现；发生
9．character n. 性格；特点
10．coach n. 教练
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→operate v．操作；经营→operation n．操作；经营
2．simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的
3．total adj.总的；整个的n.总数；合计→totally adv.完全地；整个地
4．personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自→personality n．个性；人格；风云人物；名人
5．application n．应用；用途；申请；申请表→apply v．应用；涉及；申请→applicant n．申请人；求职者
6．finance n．金融；财经→financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的
7．explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究→explorer n．探险家；勘探者→exploration n．勘探；探测；探险
8．appearance n．外观；外貌；出现→appear vi.出现
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．from ...on 从……时起
2．in a way 在某种程度上
3．with the help of 在……的帮助下
4．deal with 处理；安排；对付
5．watch over 看守；监视；照管
6．provide ...for ... 给……提供……
7．have ...in common 有……共同之处
8．share ...with ... 与……分享……
9．as a result 结果
10．make up 弥补；编造；打扮；构成
11．after all 毕竟；终究
12．make full use of 充分利用
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”
悟原句 As time went by, I was made smaller.
背佳句 It's high time that we students should work/worked harder at our lessons as the College Entrance Examination is approaching.
2．so ...that ...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”
悟原句 And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！
背佳句 (2019·浙江6月高考写作)You are so kind and considerate that I am proud to be your friend.
3．“by＋过去的时间/从句(过去时)”作状语
悟原句 By the time I was sixteen, my dream had come true.
背佳句 The movie had begun by the time we got there.
1.后缀 ify结尾的动词荟萃
①simplify 简化
②beautify 美化
③purify 净化
④identify 鉴定；识别出
⑤classify 分类
⑥horrify 使恐惧
2.后缀 ology高频名词一览
①technology 科技
②biology 生物学
③ecology 生态学
④geology 地理学；地质学
⑤psychology 心理学
⑥physiology 生理学
3.“互联网”家族
①download vt. 下载
②click vt. 击
③connect vt. 连接
④surf vi.& vt. 浏览
⑤network n. 网络
⑥database n. 数据库
4.all相关短语集锦
①after all 毕竟；终究
②in all 总共；总计
③above all 首先；最重要的是
④first of all 首先
⑤all in all 总的来说
⑥not at all 一点也不
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·浙江1月高考) From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness (happy), knew it at the time.
2．The author simplified (simple) the instructions so that the children could understand them.
3．Did early people really care about their appearance (appear) like we do today
4．A team of explorers will explore the valley and the exploration will last 10 days.(explore)
5．After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her personal opinion.Personally speaking, I agreed with what she said.(person)
6．Any applicant who would like to apply to become an assistant in our company should send us an application before December 10.(apply)
7．There were about 40 people at the party in total; they sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.(total)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．What all the inventions have in common is that they have succeeded.
2．To watch over the child who was ill, she remained awake most of the night and only slept for a couple of hours.
3．Don't blame him for breaking that vase; after all he is still a child.
4．After students returned to their school, they have made up their minds to make up for the lost time.
5．With the help of teachers and parents, they are becoming more and more mature.
6．In reality we cannot manage time, we can only manage ourselves and our relationship with time.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．signal/symbol/sign/mark
①George was responsible for the accident because he didn't give a signal to other drivers.
②Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a sign to the Hefei－Nanjing Expressway.
③Mandela has become a symbol of the blacks fighting against the whites in South Africa.
④You'd better make a mark where you don't understand.
2．arise/arouse/rise/raise
①These changes arise from differences in climate and the nature of the country.
②She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.
③The price of pork has risen since last summer.
④Matt's behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.
3．deal with/do with
①I'm going to deliver a speech about how to deal with troubles.
②I'm going to deliver a speech about what to do with troubles.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．Researchers calculated that this group was at a higher risk of heart disease. 估测
2．She refused to answer questions about her personal finances. 财务情况
3．The girl must have been carefully coached in what to say in court. 指导
4．①Kindness and violence can shape one's character. 品质；性格
②In the story, the main character has left his wife and baby. 角色；人物
③—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too. The character of the town is well preserved. 特色
④There are 80,000 Chinese characters, most of which are seldom used today. 文字
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．随着高考的临近，学生们学习越来越努力了。(as引导时间状语从句)
As the College Entrance Examination approaches, students study harder and harder.
2．结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。(so ... that ...)
As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
3．在你方便的时候我想来看看你。(whenever)
I'd like to see you whenever it's convenient for you.
4．到十四岁时，他就已经自学了数学。(by＋过去的时间)
By the time he was 14 years old, he had learned maths all by himself.
1．solve vt.解决；解答
?单句语法填空
①(2017·北京高考)Solving (solve) the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.
②With most of the problems solved (solve), I felt a great weight taken off my mind.
?补全句子
③Once this difficulty is overcome, other problems will be easy to solve.
一旦克服了这个困难，其他问题也就容易解决了。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)solve a/the problem 解决/处理问题
(2)solution n. 解决办法；处理手段
a/the solution to sth. ……的解决方法
2．signal vi.& vt.发信号n.信号
(1)signal to sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb.) that ... 示意(某人)……
give a signal (to sb.) (向某人)发信号
(2)a signal (for sb.) to do sth. 某人干某事的信号
a traffic signal 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①The policeman signaled to the driver to stop his car alongside.
②When she got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us to leave (leave)．
?补全句子
③The use of the army sends out a clear signal to protesters that their actions will not be tolerated.
动用军队是向抗议者发出明确信号，他们的行为是不能容忍的。
?句式升级
④The bell rang, and signaled that school was over.
→The bell rang, which signaled that school was over.(非限制性定语从句)
→The bell rang, signaling that school was over.(分词作状语)
[易混辨析] signal, symbol, sign, mark
(1)signal 指为某一目的而有意识地发出的信号。
(2)symbol 指符号、象征、标志等，常表示某种有深邃寓意的事物。
(3)sign 表示“记号；符号”时，同symbol；表示“告示；标志”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆；迹象”。
(4)mark 既可指为便于辨认而有意识地做的标记，又可指自然而然形成的标志或有别于其他事物的特征，也可用于指“分数；成绩”。
3．arise vi.(arose, arisen)出现；发生；由……引起；产生；起身；起床
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中arise的含义①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身②New problems will arise one after another in the future.出现③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床④The problem arose from lack of experience.由……引起
理明白 arise from＝arise out of由……而引起；因……而产生if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要时
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
⑤We can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness.
⑥With many problems arising (arise), he didn't know what to do.
?补全句子
⑦When the question arose at the meeting, no one could answer it.
当这一问题出现在会议上时，没人能回答它。
[名师指津] arise为不及物动词，没有被动语态。arise表示“出现，发生”时，主语一般为argument, difficulty, misunderstanding, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名词。
1．as a result 结果；因此
?句型转换
There is more and more pollution. As a result, many species are dying out.
①As a result of more and more pollution, many species are dying out.
②More and more pollution has resulted in many species dying out.
③The fact that many species are dying out results from more and more pollution.
?补全句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)As for me, I'm fascinated by rope skipping, which can result in the flexibility of my body.
至于我，我对跳绳很着迷，这会使我的身体变得灵活。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)as a result of 因为；由于
(2)result in 导致；造成
result from 由……造成；起因于
2．in a way在某种程度上；从某一角度看
all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全
by the way 顺便说一下
in no way 一点也不；决不(位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装)
in this way 以这种方法
in the way 挡道；妨碍
on the way 在途中
[演绎法练通]
?选用上述短语填空
①He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
②No doubt he was just trying to help, but in fact he just got in the way.
③You have to be able to trust others and act in a way that encourages them to trust you.
?补全句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Generally speaking, in no way should your arrival be later than the fixed time.
一般来说，你的抵达时间绝不能晚于约定的时间。
3．deal with处理；安排；对付；论及；涉及；与……打交道，做买卖
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中deal with的含义①(2019·天津高考)A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.处理②His article deals with many issues we are greatly concerned about.论及；涉及③When I worked in Florida I dealt with tourists all the time.与……打交道
理明白 (1)deal in 经营make a deal 成交；达成交易(2)do with sth. 处理某事
[针对训练] 补全句子
④I don't know how to deal with the man dealing in second cars. Can you tell me what to do with my old car
我不知道如何与那个买卖二手车的人打交道。你能告诉我如何处理我的那辆旧车吗？
[名师指津] deal with表示“处理”时，常与连接副词how连用；do with表示“处理”时，常与连接代词what连用。
4．as引导状语从句
[教材原句] As time went by, I was made smaller.
随着时间的流逝，我被做得更小了。
用法规则 as作连词，有以下用法：(1)“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”，引导时间状语从句。(2)“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”，引导方式状语从句。(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as ... as ... 句型，意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)。
注意事项 (1)as引导让步状语从句必须用倒装语序，如果表语是名词，前面不加冠词。(2)with意为“随着”时是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
[针对训练]
?句型转换
①With time going on, he contented himself with a simple life.
→As time went on, he contented himself with a simple life.
②Although they were tired, they stayed up preparing the report.
→Tired as/though they were, they stayed up preparing the report.(用倒装语序)
?补全句子
③I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just as I might do in China.
我离他们足够近能听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。
④As I was busy preparing for my final exam, I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it.
因为我正忙着准备期末考试，所以我没有一收到电子邮件就给你回复。
5．so/such ... that ... 引导结果状语从句
[教材原句] And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!
我的存储量变得如此之大，以至于我自己都不能相信！
用法规则 (1)so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构为：(2)such ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构为：
注意事项 在“so ...that ...”和“such ... that ...”结构中，当“so＋adj./adv.”及“such ...”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
[针对训练]
?句型转换
①Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
→Dalian is so attractive a place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
②The light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.
→So fast does the light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
?补全句子
③We had such terrible weather that we couldn't hold the school sports meeting on time.
天气这么糟，以至于我们没能按时举行校运动会。
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)So fast is the city developing that you can never imagine what it will be like tomorrow.
现在城市发展如此之快，你永远想象不到它明天会是什么样子。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally (total) transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Personally (personal), online learning benefits me a lot because so many learning materials are available.
3．(2020·天津5月高考)With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery powered planes, especially on short haul journeys, are set to become a reality (real) in the next few years.
4．(2019·天津高考)We can observe that artificial intelligence (intelligent) has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20,000－25,000 polar bears worldwide.估计
词类活用 (2019·北京高考)The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.n.信号
生词僻义 (2015·重庆高考)Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.普遍性
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort, and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare at it and wonder, “What if it isn't a door？” That is, “What if it isn't a 57 opportunity？”
A．real B．typical
C．similar D．limited
解析：选A 根据上文作者把门比作机会可知，“如果这不是一扇门怎么办？”也就是说，“如果这不是一个真正的(real)机会怎么办？”。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Don't take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she's had a row with her husband ...”
A．kindly B．secretly
C．personally D．casually
解析：选C take sth. personally，“认为某事针对自己而不快”。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions. On every single move you have to analyze a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.
A．announce B．signal
C．block D．evaluate
解析：选D 下象棋时每走一步都必须分析局势，判断对手的走法，从所有的选择中“估计(evaluate)”出最佳的走法。A项意为“宣布”；B项意为“发出信号”；C项意为“阻止”；D项意为“估计”。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words: “What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.”
A．confirmed B．simplified
C．clarified D．accompanied
解析：选D 特雷莎把照片发到了网上，并且配上(accompanied)了感人的话。confirm“确认”；simplify“简化”；clarify“澄清”；accompany“伴随，(附带着)补充”。
5．(2014·湖南高考)Besides, through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.“ 47 wrinkles one at a time，” as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”
A．Make up B．Deal with
C．Ask for D．Rely on
解析：选B 正如母亲所说，每次只处理一个褶皱，很快所有的问题就都能解决了。deal with“解决，处理”，符合语境。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·浙江1月高考写作)据我所知，你很擅长汉语。因此，我写信邀请您参加。(as a result)
As I know, you are good at Chinese. As a result, I am writing to invite you to compete in it.
2．(2020·浙江7月高考写作)在你巨大的帮助下，我们的英语比过去好了很多。(with the help of)
With the great help of you, we have a better command of English than before.
3．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)就我个人而言，在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装是一个明智的选择，这会给交换生留下良好的印象。(personally)
Personally speaking, it is a wise choice to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the ceremony, which will leave a good impression on the exchange students.
4．(2018·浙江6月高考写作)当我在一家旅行社做兼职工作时，我积累了一些相关经验。(as引导时间状语从句)
I accumulated some related experience as I worked part time in a travel agency.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①chat □
②develop □
③interrupt □
④harm □
⑤connect □
⑥download □
⑦communicate □
⑧security □
⑨technology □
⑩intelligence □
mobile □
instant □
addicted □
convenient □
electronic □
result in □
do research □
have a negative effect □
abandon oneself to □
with the popularity of □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·天津7月高考)For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology (技术) is definitely making noise.
2．(2020·江苏高考)After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile (可移动的) phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
3．To get started, you will first need to have a license to install Windows 10.You can then download (下载) and run the media creation tool.
4．This course introduces students to the basic knowledge representation, problem solving, and learning methods of artificial intelligence (智能)．
5．Now the rise of electronic (电子的) commerce has opened up famous brands to a wider audience.
6．Get started now, and all you need to join our free chat (聊天) rooms is an account and a basic profile. It takes only seconds to get started; just choose a name and go!
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Emoji can help communication (communicate) feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Personally, online learning benefits me a lot because so many learning materials are available. It allows me to learn English more conveniently (convenience) and more efficiently.
3．(2020·浙江1月高考)With the box tipping over, out came the little one, who was not shy and instantly (instant) got familiar with Poppy.
4．All passengers must go through a security (secure) check first.
5．A diet with no exercise is bad for the health, because it will result in a loss of both fat and muscle tissue.
6．Especially since the age of the Internet today, more people addicted to the computer table.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．In my free time, I will continue taking regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games instead of abandoning myself to computer games.
在我的空闲时间，我将继续进行有规律的锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动，而不是放任自己沉迷于电脑游戏。
2．Some people think smartphone can teach children a lot of things. For me, I think it will have a negative effect on children.
一些人认为智能手机可以教会小孩子们很多的东西。就我来说，我认为它会对小孩子们产生不利的影响。
3．Follow these tips, and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.
遵循这些窍门的话，你在网上做研究所花的时间就会更加值得。
4．With the popularity of the Internet and the rapid development of network applications, long distance education has been becoming one popular research in modern education.
随着网络的普及与应用的快速发展，远程教育已成为当前教育领域一个十分热门的研究方向。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Yan Wei, a 30 year old blind man, has just covered a marathon on Sunday.This time he 1 his personal record with a new time of 3 hours 15 minutes and 58 seconds.He had two 2 to help him and was 3 them with a safety rope.
Yan, who lost his 4 when he was a few months old, started running three years ago, after learning that volunteers were available to 5 blind runners at the 2015 Beijing Marathon.
When he started training with the help of his 6 and parents, he could run only for 2 or 3 km at a time.But soon he 7 so much that his sister had to ride a bike to stay 8 him and guide him.It took him just four months to be 9 for his first marathon.
Yan 10 his quick progress to daily exercise. “I'd like to 11 200 km per month.I feel 12 if I do not run for two days in a row，” says Yan.
But training is becoming 13 for Yan now, because there are few guides who can run faster than him.His guides need to be in better 14 condition than him.
“He's never missed a single training in the past three years.I am 15 not only by his strength but also his 16 to train，” says Shu Hao, an 17 runner who has taken part in a lot of marathons and one of Yan's running guides.
Instead of dying to prove himself 18 he ran, Yan has taken delight in running and now moved to 19 the process.He has completed fourteen 20 in the last two years and just wants to keep going.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位盲人运动员坚持跑马拉松的经历。
1．A.beat B．copied
C．researched D．preserved
解析：选A 由后面的“record”可知，此处是“打破纪录”的意思，所以选A项，意为“打破”。
2．A.dogs B．coaches
C．guides D．judges
解析：选C 他是位盲人，一定要有人来引导他，结合下文多次出现“guides”可知，选C项。
3．A.lifted by B．tied to
C．separated from D．fixed on
解析：选B 由后面的“with a safety rope”可知，此处意为“绑在身上”，故选B项。
4．A.parents B．strength
C．voice D．sight
解析：选D 主人公是盲人，所以他是失去了“视力”。lose one's sight “失明”。
5．A.assist B．comfort
C．represent D．consult
解析：选A 上文提到了“help”一词，此处选择同义词assist。
6．A.teachers B．classmates
C．brother D．sister
解析：选D 下文“his sister had to ride a bike”处有提示。
7．A.donated B．occupied
C．improved D．witnessed
解析：选C 前面提到他每次跑2～3千米，后面提到他的姐姐必须骑自行车才能保持在他的前面，所以应该是他跑的速度提高了，故选C项。
8．A.away from B．ahead of
C．behind D．for
解析：选B 姐姐骑自行车领跑，应该在他的“前边”，所以此处选择ahead of。
9．A.ready B．late
C．grateful D．harmful
解析：选A 根据本句意思判断，主人公已经“准备好了”。be ready for ...“准备好……”。
10．A.adjusts B．owes
C．devotes D．applies
解析：选B 他进步得那么快是因为每天的训练。owe ...to ...“把……归功于……”。
11．A.run B．drive
C．swim D．fly
解析：选A 他是马拉松运动员，此处应为“跑200千米”，所以选A项。
12．A.unlucky B．embarrassed
C．uncomfortable D．ignored
解析：选C 他不跑步就会觉得“不舒服”，所以选择uncomfortable。
13．A.stricter B．looser
C．easier D．harder
解析：选D 根据下文的“... because there are few guides who can run faster than him.”可知，训练越来越艰难。
14．A.living B．physical
C．mental D．educational
解析：选B 想给他领跑，“身体状况”就要比他好，故选择physical。
15．A.praised B．evaluated
C．impressed D．inspected
解析：选C 此处是领跑的人给他的评价：他在过去三年没有中断过一次训练，所以这里是指他给领跑的人“留下的印象”。
16．A.instruction B．pressure
C．absence D．determination
解析：选D 三年没有缺席过一次训练，所以此处指“训练的决心”。
17．A.experienced B．honest
C．overweight D．upset
解析：选A 根据空后的“... who has taken part in a lot of marathons and one of Yan's running guides.”可知，他是一个“有经验的”运动员。
18．A.soon after B．every time
C．as if D．even though
解析：选B 此处意为“每次跑步的时候”，故选择every time。
19．A.delay B．register
C．simplify D．enjoy
解析：选D 根据上文的“他每次跑步不是为了证明自己”可知，他开始“享受”跑步的过程，所以选D项。
20．A.projects B．operations
C．marathons D．tasks
解析：选C 本文讲的是他跑“马拉松”的故事。故选C项。
tips 完形填空之利用生活常识、背景知识解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推理”常常交织在一起，因为虽有背景常识，但仍需简单推理；逻辑推理也离不开背景常识。
例如上文第10题，由生活常识可推知他进步那么快应归功于每天的训练。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The modern competitive sport of weightlifting originated in 19th century Europe and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. 1 At that time, simple competitions were held to see who could lift the heaviest weight.
The first worldwide weightlifting championships were held in London in 1891.At that time, there were no female competitors.Today, the World Weightlifting Championships, organized by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), are held every year. 2
Weightlifting as an Olympic event got off to an unsmooth start.It was not held as a separate event in the first games held in 1896, but as a field event. 3 The sport returned to the Olympics again in 1904, this time as part of the athletics program.Not until 1920 did weightlifting make its real Olympic comeback.The 1920 Olympic Games, held in Antwerp, Belgium, marked weightlifting's debut (首次露面) as a separate event. 4 Previously, weightlifters in the Olympics were all required to compete against each other, regardless of their size.One hand lifting was dropped from the sport in 1928.Various weightlifting exercises were added and later removed over many years until 1972. 5 The 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney saw the introduction of the women's competition, although the IWF has held the World Weightlifting Championships for women since 1987.
A．The 1940 and 1944 Games were canceled.
B．It is a sport in which barbells are lifted competitively.
C．The 1900 Games had no weightlifting presence at all.
D．The championships include 15 separate weight types for both men and women.
E．The 1972 Olympic Games finally presented the weightlifting program in its present form.
F．The sport, however, dates back to ancient civilizations including China, Egypt and Greece.
G．The Antwerp Games also introduced one hand lifting and weight divisions to the new event.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代举重这项竞技运动，它起源于19世纪的欧洲，1896年被列入第一届现代奥运会。
1．选F 根据下文的内容可知，此处应指更早的举重活动，F项“然而，这项运动可以追溯到包括中国、埃及和希腊在内的古代文明。”符合此处语境。故F选项正确。
2．选D 根据上文内容及常识可知，现在的举重比赛中已经有女性选手了，由此可知D项“冠军包括15种不同的体重类型的男性和女性”符合此处语境。故D选项正确。
3．选C 根据上下文语境可知，空处承接上下文，C项“1900年奥运会根本没有举重比赛”符合此处语境。故C选项正确。
4．选G 根据上下文语境可知，空处承接上下文，故G项“安特卫普运动会还引入了单手举重和重量划分的新项目”符合此处语境。故G选项正确。
5．选E 根据上文“在1972年之前的很多年里，各种举重运动被添加和删除”可知，E项“1972年奥运会最终以现在的形式呈现了举重项目”符合此处语境。故E选项正确。
tips 怎样解阅读七选五之段中句
段中句可能是主题句也可能是展开句，解题时应重点关注上下文的行文逻辑和内容的连贯性，注意句间的衔接手段。具体解题方法有：
(1)根据并列或递进关系解题；
(2)根据转折或让步关系解题；
(3)根据因果关系解题；
(4)根据解释例证关系解题。
例如上文第1题，就是依据的转折关系来推出的正确选项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Today we visit a small museum in the American state of Maryland. It 1 (call) the National Cryptologic Museum (国家密码博物馆). There you will find information 2 was once secret.
The National Cryptologic Museum is on Fort George G. Meade, a military base near Washington, DC. 3 tells not only the story of cryptology but also the men and women who have worked in this 4 (usual) profession.
The word cryptology comes 5 the Greek “kryptos logos”. It means “hidden word”. Cryptology is writing or communicating in ways 6 (design) to hide the meaning of your words.
7 museum has many examples of equipment that was once used to make information secret. It also has 8 (equip) that was developed to read secret messages. The method of 9 (hide) exact meanings is called coding. People have used secret 10 (code) throughout history to protect important information.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了美国的国家密码博物馆和相关的密码学。
1．is called 考查时态和语态。 主语是it，与动词call之间是被动关系，根据Today可知应用一般现在时，故填is called。
2．that/which 考查定语从句。 先行词是information，在定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。
3．It 考查代词。it指代上文The National Cryptologic Museum，故填It.
4．unusual 考查语境辨析。 不同寻常的职业，故填unusual。
5．from 考查介词。 come from“来自”，故填介词from。
6．designed 考查非谓语动词。 ways与design是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填designed。
7．The 考查冠词。 表示特指，这个博物馆，故填the。
8．equipment 考查名词。 设空处作has的宾语，equip的名词是equipment。
9．hiding 考查非谓语动词。 of是介词，后面应填动名词形式，故填hiding。
10．codes 考查名词复数。 密码不止一个，故填codes。
PAGE
20Unit 4 Wildlife protection
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．wildlife n． 野生动植物
2．habitat n. 栖息地；(动植物的)自然环境
3．threaten vt.& vi. 恐吓；威胁
4．endanger vt. 危害；使受到危险
5．reserve n. 保护区
6．species n. 种类；物种
7．extinction n. 灭绝；消亡
8．carpet n. 地毯
第二组：写其形
1．decrease vi.& vt. 减少；(使)变小；或变少
2．loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失
3．hunt vt.& vi. 打猎；猎取；搜寻
4．laughter n. 笑；笑声
5．certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定
6．importance n. 重要(性)
7．contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍
8．powerful adj. 强大的；有力的
9．affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭
10．attention n. 注意；关注；注意力
11．inspect vt. 检查；视察
12．incident n. 事件；事变
13．fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的
14．ending n. 结局；结尾
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation n．感激；感谢
2．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→security n．安全
3．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→response n．回答；反应；响应
4．distant adj.远的；远处的；疏远的→distance n．距离；远方；疏远
5．relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.使减轻；缓解
6．succeed vi.成功vt.接替；继任→success n．成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地
7．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员；雇工→employment n．雇用；工作
8．harm n．& vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
9．protection n．保护→protect vt.保护；防卫
10．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的；怜悯的
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2．in peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
3．in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危
4．in relief 如释重负；松了口气
5．burst into laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
6．protect ...from 保护……不受……(危害)
7．pay attention to 注意
8．come into being 形成；产生
9．according to 按照；根据……所说
10．so that 以至于；结果
11．without mercy 毫不怜悯地
12．do harm to 对……有害
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”
悟原句 It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.
背佳句 (2019·北京高考书面表达)If you do as I tell you, I am sure you will have a great time.
2．with复合结构
悟原句 After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs.
背佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
3．主句＋the way＋定语从句
悟原句 They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
背佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)After a while, she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning.
1.“事事”相连
①incident n. 事件；事变
the July 7 Incident of 1937 七七事变
②accident n. 事故
traffic accident 交通事故
③event n. 重大事件
sports event 体育赛事
2.后缀 ful形容词荟萃
①powerful 强大的
②harmful 有害的
③doubtful 怀疑的
④faithful 守信的
⑤forgetful 健忘的
⑥helpful 有帮助的
⑦hopeful 充满希望的
⑧skillful 熟练的
3.“派生名词(v.＋ ing)”集锦
①ending 结局；结尾
②training 训练；培养
③feeling 感觉；感情
④painting 绘画；画
⑤meeting 会议
⑥beginning 开始；开端
4.“come into＋n.”短语一览
①come into being 形成；产生
②come into effect/force 开始生效
③come into existence 形成；产生
④come into power 开始执政
⑤come into use 开始使用
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．As is known to all, Madame Curie was merciful and she often shows mercy to the poor. (mercy)
2．None of the students responded to her question; that is to say, her question failed to get a response from any of the students.(respond)
3．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employee before he came to work.(employ)
4．Lacking proper protection against cold, we tried to make a fire to protect us from the cold night.(protect)
5．The man is always distant towards his neighbors, so his neighbors often keep him at a distance.(distant)
6．Eating too much every day is harmful to our health; that is to say, eating too much every day does harm to our health.(harm)
7．He succeeded his father as manager of the company. Soon their business became very successful. Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success.(succeed)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．But on the first night here, I burst into tears because I missed my family.
2．It is believed that in danger, one's mind works fast.
3．More and more animals have been hunted, some of which are dying out.
4．I'm curious to know when the dance club first came into being.
5．Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is on the decrease.
6．People of different religions have lived together in peace for centuries in this country.
7．Many people smiled in relief as the last of the children hurried out of the burning house.
8．Though the COVID 19 is under control, we must pay attention to wearing masks while going out.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．incident/accident/event
①That was one of the strangest incidents in my life.
②A traffic accident happened yesterday, three killed and five injured.
③The next event will be the 100 yards race.
2．contain/include
①Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, including old people.
②The orange juice contains a number of additives.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．It is said that the building has been carpeted throughout. 在……上铺地毯
2．①Don't sit here.These seats are reserved for the elderly and disabled. 保留；预留
②It's a tone of voice she usually reserves for dealing with officials. 把……留作，用于
③Do you have to reserve tickets in advance？ 预订
④Changdao Natural Reserve, the national natural reserve which is situated at the north end of Shandong Peninsula. 保护区
3．①If I am lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust. 雇用
②Employed in writing a novel, she even doesn't have time to look after her son.
忙于
③The report examines teaching methods employed in the classroom. 运用；使用
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．(2020·江苏高考)他们决定为这项工程增加工人，为的是它不被耽搁。(so that)
They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed.
2．作业做完了，孩子们出去打篮球了。(with复合结构)
With their homework finished, the children went out to play basketball.
3．再努力点吧！留给我们准备期末考试的时间不多了。(there be＋名词＋非谓语动词)
Study harder! There is little time left for us to prepare to take the final examination.
4．如果你按照我说的去做，你的梦想将很快实现。(as引导方式状语从句)
If you do as I say, your dream will come true soon.
5．诚实地说，我们钦佩他解决那个问题的方法。(the way＋定语从句)
To be honest, we admired the way (in which/that) he solved the problem.
1．contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍；克制(强烈的感情等)
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 (1)contain通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内。(2)include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或including sth.。
理明白 contain oneself 克制自己；自制container n. 容器
[针对训练]
?对比填空(contain/include)
①The container contains many kinds of fruits, including a pineapple/a pineapple included.
?单句语法填空
②Be especially careful of information contained (contain) in advertisements.
③He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself(he)．
?补全句子
④(2017·浙江11月高考写作)After the meal, a lucky charm and a red pocket which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other.
饭后，每个人都会收到一个吉祥饰物和一个装着好运钱的红包，并互相说一些吉利的话语。
2．affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①Seriously affected (affect) by human activities, the finless porpoises in the Yangtze River are in danger of becoming extinct.
②Affected with the disease, Tom had to turn to online learning at home.
③Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have an effect on you most deeply.
?补全句子
④The traffic issue not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives.
交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活，而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。
3．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到；欣赏
?单句语法填空
①I'd appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible.
②I would really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.
③(2018·浙江11月高考写作)Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find my lost wallet.
?补全句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.
我认为我能成为一名合格的志愿者。如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v. ing 欣赏/感激……
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
[名师指津] appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动名词作宾语(如句①)。当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句(如句②)。
4．succeed vi.成功vt.接替；继任
(1)succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
succeed sb. as 接替某人成为……
(2)successful adj. 成功的
be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事
(3)success n． [U]成功；成就；[C]成功的人或事
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江1月高考)I am looking forward to your involvement and do wish you a success!
②(2019·北京高考)Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The key to successful (succeed) small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
?补全句子
④(2016·浙江6月高考书面表达)The saying tells us that if we want to succeed, we should not only plan carefully but also act it out thoroughly.
这句名言告诉我们，如果我们想取得成功，不仅要周密计划，还要彻底实施。
5．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
(1)employ sb. as ... 雇用某人任……(职位)
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)employer n. 雇主
employee n. 雇员；雇工
employment n. 雇用；工作
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①It is against the law to employ children under sixteen to work (work) for any firm or factory.
②For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
?一句多译
她当时忙着做作业，因此没有注意到外面发生了什么。
③She was employed/employed herself in doing her homework, so she did not notice what was happening outside.
④Employed in doing her homework, she did not notice what was happening outside.(过去分词短语作状语)
⑤Employing herself in doing her homework, she did not notice what was happening outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
1．protect ... from保护……不受……(危害)
(1)protect ... against 保护……以免……
阻止……做……
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①We should protect the river from being polluted (pollute)．
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Scientists find from their studies that plants can protect themselves against insects.
?一句多译
必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。
③Effective measures must be taken to protect the environment from/against pollution.(protect)
④Effective measures must be taken to prevent/keep/stop the environment from being polluted.(prevent/keep/stop)
[名师指津] 以上短语在被动语态中from均不可省去，而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。
2．pay attention to注意；留意
draw/attract/catch one's attention 引起某人的注意
turn one's attention to ... 把注意力转移到……
fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on ... 把注意力集中在……
have one's attention 请某人注意
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①In order to protect the balance of nature, the professor suggested that we (should) pay attention to improving (improve) people's environmental awareness.
?一句多译
他站在那儿，集中注意力看墙上的布告。(fix)
②He stood there, his attention fixed on the notice on the wall. (独立主格)
③He stood there, and his attention was fixed on the notice on the wall.(被动语态)
④He stood there, fixing his attention on the notice on the wall.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
3．主句＋the way＋定语从句
[教材原句] They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
[用法规则]
(1)way表示“方式，方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略，作主语时不可省略。
(3)way表示“方式，方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way (that/in which) he speaks English.
②The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.
?补全句子
③School activities are usually considered a good way to make/of making new friends and develop/developing new interests.
学校活动通常被认为是一种不错的交友和培养新兴趣的方法。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection (protect) to promote economic growth.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded (success) in improving your work culture.
3．(2020·天津7月高考)How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request
4．(2020·江苏高考)The class experiment that day was to show how heating a container (contain) of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface.
5．(2020·江苏高考)For in person humor, quality isn't as important (importance) as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed (employ) only since the mid 1980s.
7．(2019·天津高考) Like stinky tofu, my uncle's Down syndrome made me keep my distance (distant) at first.
8．(2019·江苏高考)It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful (power) animal on earth.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2016·北京高考)On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children.侵袭②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.狂野的
词类活用 (2017·江苏高考)So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.v.降低
生词僻义 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served.意识到
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)I had needed someone else to show me what I 31 in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won; it was more than that. I began to recognize that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions.
A．recommended B．tolerated
C．doubted D．appreciated
解析：选D 根据空后的“It wasn't the fact that he'd won; it was more than that.”可知，此处指作者需要别人向他指明他欣赏父亲身上的什么品质。故选D。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis 46 .The baby was born and update texts were coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.
A．responded B．interrupted
C．predicted D．repeated
解析：选A 丹尼斯收到短信，当然要作出回复。respond“答复，回应”，符合题意。
3．(2018·天津高考)From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 33 the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and encouraged them.I helped them to see themselves differently, and they built themselves into winners.
A．surprise B．serve
C．interest D．affect
解析：选D 作者知道了球队领导(教练)的态度对队员的影响。surprise“使吃惊”；serve“为……服务”；interest“使……感兴趣”；affect“影响”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我最热爱和尊敬的老师就是李老师，她对我的一生影响很大。(affect)
The most beloved and respected person around me is my teacher, Ms Li, who affected me a great deal in my life.
2．(2020·天津5月高考书面表达)我也喜欢在网上看些有趣的电影，这对提升我的听力和口语技能很重要。(importance)
I also enjoy watching some interesting English films on the Internet, which is of great importance to improve my listening and speaking skills.
3．(2020·江苏高考书面表达) 最近很多外国人对BBC拍摄的纪录片“杜甫，中国伟大的诗人”特别关注。(pay attention to)
Recently many foreigners pay special attention to the documentary Du Fu: China's Greatest Poet made by BBC.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你能给我机会当志愿者，我将感激不尽。(appreciate)
I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance to work as a volunteer.
5．(2014·湖南高考写作)众所周知，鞋子在生活中发挥着重要作用，因为它能保护我们的脚不受伤害。(protect ...from)
As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for it can protect our feet from being hurt.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①threaten □
②decrease □
③disappear □
④affect □
⑤reserve □
⑥protect □
⑦survive □
⑧danger □
⑨loss □
⑩extinction □
branch □
habitat □
fierce □
endangered □
cut down □
natural reserve □
have an effect on □
keep the balance of □
take effective measures □
play an important role in □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous (危险)．
2．Animals do not live in the cage in the natural reserve (保护区)．
3．Studies find out how computers and the Internet are going to affect (影响) our lives.
4．On Halloween, children would usually wear strange costumes, knock on their neighbours' doors and threaten (威胁) them with “trick or treat”．
5．Mountain gorillas are distinguished by their thicker, darker fur that protects them from the cold and incessant rain of their habitats (栖息地)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)The bear exposed his sharp teeth, staring at us fiercely (fierce) as he ran forward.
2．The sun slid behind trees, its last light diffused by wintry branches (branch)．
3．I was at a loss when I first entered the classroom with these students.
4．This almost certainly resulted in the deaths of the endangered (endanger) mountain gorillas.
5．An animal's sense of smell is still crucial to its survival (survive)．
6．This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
7．My roommate loves to throw parties here, but she always pulls a disappearing (disappear) act the next day when everything needs to be cleaned up!
8．The local government started a campaign to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction (extinct)．
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．如果我们现在不采取有效措施来保护地球，将来我们会无处生存。
We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take effective measures to protect the earth now.
2．很多树木正在被砍伐，越来越多的森林消失，这使得动物们失去了它们赖以生存的家园。
Many trees are being cut down and more and more forests are lost, making animals lose their homes to live in.
3．对于我们来说，保持生态平衡和保护环境是多么重要和必要啊！
How important and necessary for us to keep the balance of nature and protect the environment!
4．全球变暖正对世界各地成百上千的动植物物种产生巨大的影响，改变了一些生活方式。
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.
5．所有动植物都是重要的，因为每一物种都有助于地球上生命种类的多样性的形成，而且对维持生命起着重要的作用。
All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In spring 2016, Liza Goldberg asked scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center if she could do research there.There was a problem, though.She was just 14 years old, and NASA's internship (实习) program only accepts students starting at age 16.
David Lagomasino and Temilola Fatoyinbo are NASA satellite experts.They saw Liza's request.In it, she talked about how she had studied trees in her own backyard to learn about climate change.The two NASA scientists were impressed.“This girl sounds great，” Lagomasino remembers saying.“Let's bring her in.” They made a special role for her outside the internship program.
Lagomasino and Fatoyinbo thought Liza could help them use satellite data to map mangroves, a small tree that grows in muddy forests on the coastlines of many tropical (热带的) countries. Mangroves are very important as they store huge amounts of carbon, which makes them helpful for fighting global warming.They are also home to fish that millions of people depend on for food.
Less than two years later, Liza has developed what might be the world's first satellite based system to determine where mangroves are in trouble. The work uses data from four satellites.It covers mangrove growth and loss, rainfall, agriculture and city growth.
Lagomasino and Fatoyinbo brought Liza in during the summer before she started high school. The teen had seen mangroves only once before, during a trip to Fort Myers, Florida.Soon, she would see many more, at least on her computer screen.
Liza learned that half of the world's mangroves had disappeared.She was shocked and motivated to do something.“I wanted to create some kind of solution，” she said.She would even work during school breaks or at home on her projects.Liza's hard work is starting to pay off. Already, environmental groups are eager to use her system to make their work more effective.
Now that she has turned 16, Liza has finally joined NASA's official internship program.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Liza进入NASA开始进行科学研究，其成果对保护生态植物红树林很有帮助。
1．Why was Liza outside the internship program at first
A．She didn't meet the required age.
B．She didn't show her talent properly.
C．She knew little about global warming.
D．She lacked the experience of data collecting.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，Liza没有达到年龄要求，所以没有进入这个实习项目。
2．Why are mangroves so important
A．They are food for fish.
B．They are commercial crops.
C．They forecast climate change.
D．They keep a balanced ecosystem.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Mangroves are very important ...people depend on for food.”可知，红树林在维持生态平衡方面起到很大作用。
3．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The satellite. B．The data.
C．The system. D．The work.
解析：选 B 代词指代题。根据画线词上一句“The work uses data from four satellites.”及画线词所在句可知，It在此处指“收集到的数据”。
4．Which of the following can describe Liza's work in NASA
A．It is fruitful.
B．It earned her fame.
C．It took up her school time.
D．It will lead to a future job with NASA.
解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知，Liza所设计的系统有望使环保机构的工作变得更高效。由此可知，Liza在NASA的工作是卓有成效的。
B
As an international body charged with the mission of keeping world peace and development, the United Nations cannot operate without financial support from its member countries. And as a firm defender of multilateralism(多边主义) and a beneficiary of globalization, China knows how important it is to safeguard the current world order in which the UN plays an important role. China is aware how important it is that it does its bit to ensure the UN can accomplish its missions, and knows that this is a responsibility it must undertake for the benefit of all.
And Chinese people can take pride in the fact that the country has overtaken Japan to be the second largest contributor to the UN regular budget. Since how much a country pays to the regular budget of the United Nations is a standard on how powerful the country is, at least financially, it is therefore natural that China's contribution to the UN budget should rise from 2.05 percent in 2005 to 12.01 percent this year. That hike is an indicator of what the country has achieved over the past 13 years. With the country's further development, there is no doubt that its financial contribution to the UN will continue to rise. China will pay as it should.
However, the more money a country pays, the more responsibility it shoulders and more say it is entitled to enjoy as a major player on the world stage. But the reality is that the rights and international standing China enjoys are still disproportional(不相称的) to what it does for the UN and its contribution to the development of the world economy. As a responsible member of the international community, China is struggling for reform of the UN and the global governance system so they are more effective and representative of the international community as a whole.
Although peace and development remain the themes of the times, uncertainty and instability are on the rise. With this in mind, all countries should make combined efforts to deepen understanding, increase trust and promote cooperation. China is committed to building a community with a shared future for humanity and will continue to work with the UN to realize that vision.
语篇解读：中国在维护当今世界和平中扮演着积极的角色。中国致力于构建人类命运共同体，将继续与联合国一道为实现这一愿望而努力。
5．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．China is against multilateralism and globalization.
B．The UN needs financial help from its member countries.
C．China doesn't agree with the UN on keeping the current world order.
D．The UN must undertake the responsibility to ensure China's benefit.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“As an international body charged with the mission of keeping world peace and development, the United Nations cannot operate without financial support from its member countries.”可知，作为一个肩负着维护世界和平与发展使命的国际机构，联合国的运行离不开各个成员国的财政支持。故选B项。
6．What does the underlined word “hike” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Walk. B．Rise.
C．Budget. D．Contribution.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“it is therefore natural that China's contribution to the UN budget should rise from 2.05 percent in 2005 to 12.01 percent this year”可知，中国对联合国预算的贡献从2005年的2.05%上升到了今天的12.01%。结合画线词“hike”前的That可知，此处指贡献率的大幅增长，是rise的同义词。故选B项。
7．What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A．If a country pays more money, it can take on less responsibility.
B．China's contribution to world economy is proportional to the rights it enjoys.
C．China is making great efforts to improve the situation of the UN.
D．The global governance system is satisfying now.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“China is struggling for reform of the UN and the global governance system ...”可知，中国在努力帮联合国改革、提高其国际影响力，努力改善其处境。故选C项。
8．What is the main idea of the text
A．China is keeping world peace and development instead of the UN.
B．China contributes most to the UN regular budget.
C．China enjoys more say as a great power on the world stage.
D．China is working with the UN in search of common good.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据各段大意，并结合文章最后一句话“China is committed to building a community with a shared future for humanity and will continue to work with the UN to realize that vision.”可知，中国致力于构建人类命运共同体，将继续与联合国一道为实现这一愿望而努力。故选D项。
Ⅱ.短文改错
The other day I as well as my parents were eating in a restaurant when we noticed a foreigner coming in.He seats himself at a table by the window.Soon a waitress came and wanted to take her order.However, the foreigner couldn't got his needs across.Seeing this, I went up immediate to offer some helps.We communicated with simple English for a while but I knew why the waitress couldn't understand him.The foreigner actually wanted Beijing Roast Duck, but he had a wrong Chinese pronunciation.Hearing my explanation, the waitress couldn't help to laughing.The foreigner himself also laughed.
答案：第一句：were→was
第二句：seats→seated
第三句：her→his
第四句：got→get
第五句：immediate→immediately; helps→help
第六句：with→in; but→and
第七句：Beijing前加a
第八句：去掉to
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你校外教Chris对中国传统文化很感兴趣，刚好你们学校邀请著名书法家张华到校举行书法讲座。请你给Chris发一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加。写作要点包括：
1．讲座时间；
2．讲座地点；
3．活动安排。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Chris，
Here is good news for you! Learning that you're interested in traditional Chinese culture, I'm writing to invite you to the lecture on Chinese calligraphy, the art of writing Chinese characters.
As scheduled, the lecture will be given by Zhang Hua, a famous calligrapher. It is supposed to take place at 8 am in the music hall on July 1st, and will last three hours. The lecture mainly covers the two parts: listening to the lecture and free discussion. What makes it appealing is to observe the calligrapher performing on the spot. Surely, you will enjoy it.
What do you think of it Your presence is surely appreciated. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
19Unit 5 Music
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．classical adj. 古典的；古典文艺的
2．passer by n. 过路人；行人
3．fame n. 名声；名望
4．instrument n. 工具；器械；乐器
5．millionaire n. 百万富翁；富豪
6．reunite vt. 再统一；再联合；重聚
第二组：写其形
1．musician n. 音乐家
2．pretend vt. 假装；假扮
3．attach vt.& vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接
4．form vt. (使)组成；形成；构成
5．earn vt. 赚；挣得；获得
6．extra adj. 额外的；外加的
7．actor n. 男演员；行动者
8．rely vi. 依赖；依靠
9．broadcast n．& v. 广播；播放
10．familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
11．addition n. 加；增加；加法
12．afterwards adv. 然后；后来
13．sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．invitation n．邀请；招待→invite vt.邀请
2．perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行；做→performance n．表现；演奏；表演→performer n．表演者；执行者
3．humorous adj.幽默的；诙谐的→humor n．幽默
4．attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→attract vt.吸引；引起→attraction n．吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物
5．confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidence n．自信；信任；信心
6．brief adj.简短的；简要的n.摘要；大纲→briefly adv.简要地；短暂地
7．devotion n．投入；热爱；奉献→devote vt.致力于；奉献→devoted adj.献身的；忠诚的
8．painful adj.痛苦的；疼痛的→pain n．疼痛
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．dream of 梦见；梦想；设想
2．to be honest 说实在地；实话说
3．attach ...to 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接
4．in cash 用现金；有现钱
5．play jokes on 戏弄
6．rely on 依赖；依靠
7．be/get familiar with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来
8．or so 大约
9．break up 打碎；分裂；解体
10．in addition 另外；也
11．sort out 分类
12．above all 最重要；首先
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
悟原句 The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.
背佳句 (2016·北京高考书面表达)During his lifetime, he wrote a great number of excellent poems, all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture.
2．not ...without ...“没有……就不能……”，双重否定句式表示肯定意义
悟原句 Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.
背佳句 (2016·浙江6月高考书面表达) However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.
3．as if/though “似乎；好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句
悟原句 Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.
背佳句 They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.
1.后缀 ian表示“从事……职业的人”
①musician 音乐家
②physician 内科医生
③electrician 电工
④comedian 喜剧演员
⑤magician 魔术师
⑥technician 技术员
⑦politician 政治家
2.合成名词一览
①passer by 过路人
②steamboat 汽船
③armchair 扶手椅
④sandstorm 沙尘暴
⑤teamwork 协作
⑥airport 飞机场
3.多种“付款”方式任你选
①cash 现金
②check/cheque 支票
③bill 钞票
④change 零钱
⑤balance 余额
4.to短语来“插”队
①to be honest 说实在地
②to be frank 坦白地说
③to begin with 首先
④to be sure 无疑；诚然
⑤to be brief 简单地说
⑥to tell you the truth 说实话
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考) “...I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.” The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation (invite) from the President.
2．He gave her a confident smile and his confidence made her faced with challenge bravely.(confident)
3．After a brief pause, he began to end the meeting briefly with only a few words.(brief)
4．Few people are able to devote themselves fully to their careers.Once they are devoted to them, their devotion must bring them a big success.(devote)
5．The Great Wall is an attraction, whose scenery is very attractive, and it attracts a large number of tourists every day.(attractive)
6．The doctor performed the operation quite well and the director was very satisfied with his performance and praised him as a real performer of difficult operations.(perform)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)The author's initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles is to sort out what we have known.
2．You should rely on your own judgement.
3．Her friends are always playing jokes on her, which sometimes makes her angry.
4．He was saving his money for the house that they had dreamed of owning someday.
5．The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
6．Beyond, a famous rock band, played its last concert in 2005 and then it officially broke up in Singapore.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．be familiar with/be familiar to
①Since I am familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their way in the city.
②If you are not sure about the topic, you may write something that is familiar to you.
2．above all/first of all/at first
①At first he didn't agree to cut down the price, but later he did.
②What a student should do, above all, is to do well in his studies.
③First of all, let me tell you the news.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．Hundreds of invitations are being sent out this week. 请帖
2．You're going to have to work extra hard to pass the exam. 非常
3．According to the inspector, the brief of the government report should be typed carefully. 摘要
4．The machine is performing very poorly, which means there must be something wrong with it. 运转
5．①To be well informed, we should form the habit of reading newspapers and magazines. 养成
②He was about to give up when a good idea began to form in his mind. 形成；产生
③You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question.
形式；方式
④If you want to apply for the job, please fill in the form. 表格
⑤In English the past tense of a verb is usually formed by adding “ed”． 构成；形成
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) 没有英语老师无私的帮助，我不可能在英语上取得那么大的进步。(not ... without ...)
I couldn't have made such great progress without my English teacher's selfless help.
2．(2020·天津7月高考)这位舞蹈演员的演出精彩绝伦，使观众在演出结束时站起来鼓掌达10分钟之久。(performance)
The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
3．总而言之， 在任何情况下都不可以忽视任何一个测验或考试。 (brief)
In brief, no tests or exams should be ignored in any situation.
4．应一些英语学习者的要求，他出版了许多书，其中一本是关于英语习语的。(名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词)
At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of which is about English idioms.
1．pretend vt.& vi.假装；假扮；扮演
一语串起 The police are setting a trap for the drug dealers. One pretends to be an ice cream seller standing at the corner. One pretends to have just finished shopping and be waiting for the bus. One pretends to be reading a newspaper. 警察正在给毒品贩子设陷阱。一个假装是站在角落里卖冰淇淋的。一个假装刚刚购完物正等公共汽车。一个假装在看报纸。
用法释义 pretend
[串联式巧记] [针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①(2019·天津高考)So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading (read)．
②(2016·浙江高考)He would ask who we were and pretend not to know (know) us.
?句型转换
③Tom pretended that he hadn't heard about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week.
→Tom pretended not to have heard about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week.
[联想发散] 和pretend用法类似(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen, appear, seem, claim等及be said to结构。
2．attach vt.& vi.系上；附上；附加；连接；贴上；使依恋
?单句语法填空
①After graduation, he has been working in a hospital, which is attached to the medical college nearby.
②Across the stream, a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net attached (attach) to a pole.
③Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
?补全句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Chinese people attach great importance to the seating order at formal dinners.
中国人非常重视在正式宴会上的座次顺序。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)attach ... to 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接
attach importance/significance/value to sth. 认为……有重要性/意义/价值
(2)attached adj. 依恋；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
3．form vt.(使)组成；形成；构成n.形状；表格；形式
?单句语法填空
①This kind of object often exists in the form of liquid.
②Ask your partner the following questions and then fill in/out the form.
?补全句子
③Since then, I have formed the habit of playing basketball with my friends regularly, which helps me to grow stronger and become more confident.
自从那时起，我就养成了与朋友有规律地打篮球的习惯，这有助于我身体更强壮、变得更自信。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)form the habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯
(2)in the form of 以……的形式
fill in/out the form 填表格
4．perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行
一语串起 As everyone knows, Doctor Li performs an important role in our hospital.Yesterday evening a man badly injured in a traffic accident was sent to our hospital. She promised that she would perform her duty and try her best to perform the operation well. As a result, she performed her promise and the operation was a great success.众所周知，李医生在我们医院起着重要的作用。昨天晚上，一个在交通事故中严重受伤的人被送到了我们医院。她承诺她会履行她的职责，尽最大努力把手术做好。结果，她履行了诺言，手术非常成功。
用法释义 (1)perform a(n) ... role in 在……中起……作用perform an operation/a play 进行手术/演一场戏perform one's duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺(2)performance n. 执行；表演；演奏；履行put on/give a performance 表演(3)performer n. 执行者；表演者
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The children who played with puzzles performed (perform) better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转) and translate shapes.
②(2019·江苏高考)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances (perform) in the last three months.
?补全句子
③To make members of a team perform better, the trainer, first of all, has to know their strengths and weaknesses.
为了使队员们表现得更好，教练首先得了解他们的优点和缺点。
5．familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
?句型转换
①They are not familiar with charity work, which is still at an early stage in China.
→Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar to them.
?补全句子
②I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but help improve your Chinese.
我认为这些捐赠的书不仅能使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)be/get familiar with 熟悉……；与……熟悉起来
be familiar to 为……所熟悉
(2)unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的
[名师指津] be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。(如句①)
1．rely on依赖；依靠；指望；相信
?单句语法填空
①Many people now would rely on surfing the Internet rather than read newspapers for news.
②To be honest, he is not a man who can be relied (rely) on.
?句型转换
③We rely on his finishing the work today.
→We rely on him to finish the work today.
→We rely on it that he will finish the work today.
[归纳法记牢]
rely on/upon sb./sth. 指望某人/某事物
rely on sb.to do sth. 指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on (doing) sth. 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
[名师指津] rely on后跟that从句时，常在从句之前加it，有类似用法的动词(短语)还有：love, like, appreciate, hate, depend on, see to等。
2．break up打碎；分裂；解体；分拆；驱散；分手；(关系)破裂；结束；放假
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中break up的含义①In order to get some money, the man broke up that old machine and sold some parts.分拆②I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.分手③The police came running and broke up the crowd.驱散④When does the school break up for the summer holiday？放假
理明白 break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into 强行闯入；突然……起来break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)break away from 脱离；挣脱
[针对训练]
?补全句子
⑤Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.
只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且从不与他们联系是多么地傻。
?对比填空(break into/break in)
⑥Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers breaking into your house.
⑦Don't break in when he is telling his own story.
[名师指津] break into中into为介词，其后须接宾语；而break in中in为副词，为不及物动词短语。
3．above all最重要；首先
一语串起 You should not have scolded the boy at all; he is a child after all. Above all, he made only two mistakes in all.你根本不该责备那个小男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子；更为重要的是，他总共犯了两处错误。
用法释义 after all 毕竟；终究all in all 整体说来；总而言之in all 全部；合计at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练]
?选用上述短语填空
①He is hardworking, cheerful, and above all honest.
②I was very upset to find out that he didn't like my gift at all.
③We should help each other. After all, individual strength is limited.
?翻译句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)总之，我真诚地邀请你到我们学校来亲自看看。
All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.
4．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[教材原句] The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.
组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗乐。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
[用法规则]
(1)常见形式：most/both/all/neither/none/some/several/a few/many/more/the largest ...of which/whom。
(2)关系代词：指人时用whom，指物时用which。
(3)“the＋n.＋of＋which”结构一般可以与“whose＋n.”互换。
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control.
②There are one hundred people present at the meeting, thirty of whom are foreigners.
③The girl lives in the house, the windows of which (＝whose windows) face south.
?补全句子
④Your school organizes two travel routes to China, both of which are fascinating.
你们学校组织了来中国旅行的两条路线，它们都很吸引人。
5．not ... without ...双重否定句式，表示肯定意义
[教材原句] Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.
弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。
用法规则 常见的双重否定结构：not/no/never ...without ...“没有……不……”；“除……不……”cannot ...too ...“越……越……”；“无论怎样……也不为过” nothing/not/no ... impossible ...“没有……不……”
注意事项 英语中有些句子“貌相”(形式)否定，实则表示肯定的意义，甚至表示非常强烈的肯定意义。此类句子尤其容易出现在阅读理解中给考生增加干扰因素。
[针对训练] 补全句子
①(2019·浙江6月高考写作)I would not have made so great progress in English learning without your help.
没有你的帮助，我在英语学习上不会取得这么巨大的进步。
②You can't be too careful while driving the car.
你开车时再怎么小心也不为过。
③Use your head and you will find nothing is impossible in the world.
动动脑筋你就会发现世上无难事。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn (earn) her degree.
2．(2020·江苏高考)Some people — and I was one of them — believe that humorous (humor) complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case.
3．(2020·天津7月高考)From now on, I am a young adult and I'm confident (confidence) that the future is bright in front of me.
4．(2020·天津7月高考)It produces a deafening sound so painful (pain) that it temporarily disables a person.
5．(2020·浙江1月高考)Wisconsin, also called “America's Dairyland”， is famous (fame) for its cheese.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.
7．(2019·北京高考)Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance (perform).
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They look so attractive (attract) and alive that I think you could be interested in the exhibition.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2020·江苏高考)Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.额外的②(2019·江苏高考)One day，Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight.附上
词类活用 (2014·安徽高考)I'll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her kindness, filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.adj.短暂的
生词僻义 ① (2016·北京高考)If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.漠不关心的②(2015·重庆高考)I don't see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.乐器
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2018·浙江6月高考)When I got into college, things changed.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this 41 time, there was no sense of urgency to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a habit.
A．extra B．difficult
C．valuable D．limited
解析：选A 课程结束得早，作者就有了额外的(extra)时间。difficult“困难的”；valuable“有价值的”；limited“有限的”。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred to me.Those brown eyes were very 53 . “What's his name？” I asked the instructor.“Ben，” he replied, and immediately I knew.That stranger was my son!
A．sharp B．pleasant
C．attractive D．familiar
解析：选D 下文提到被救者是作者的儿子，因此这里表示在作者眼里，对方的褐色眼睛看起来很熟悉(familiar)。sharp“尖锐的”；pleasant“令人愉快的”；attractive“吸引人的”。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating without speaking attracted me.
A．recorded B．performed
C．recited D．discussed
解析：选B 根据句中的关键词“watched”可知，此处指作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(performed)。record“记录，录音”；recite“背诵”；discuss“讨论”。
4．(2014·四川高考)One day, as Tom was working, Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch.Tom 19 he didn't see her and kept working to see what she would do next.
A．supposed B．realized
C．hoped D．pretended
解析：选D pretend“假装”。根据“kept working to see what she would do next”可推知，Tom假装并没有看到她，想看看她下一步会做什么。故D项正确。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)说实话，我很感谢老师对我的支持和帮助。(to be honest)
To be honest, I appreciated my teacher for her support and help.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)除了我的英语能力外，我是一个很容易相处友善的人。(in addition to)
In addition to my English abilities, I am a friendly person who is easy to get on with.
3．(2018·天津高考书面表达)附在这个邮件中的是我为我的小组制订的训练计划，我希望你能读一下，看看它是否实用。(attach)
Attached to this email is the training plan I have worked out for my team, which I hope you'll read to see if it's practical.
4．(2016·浙江6月高考书面表达)当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向同学或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。(pretend)
When I am faced with difficulties in learning, I won't pretend to have known them, but turn to my classmates or teachers.
5．(2016·四川高考书面表达)一年有四个季节，每个季节都有自己的特点。(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
There are four seasons in a year, each of which has distinctive features.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①live □
②popular □
③folk □
④overnight □
⑤musician □
⑥piano □
⑦instrument □
⑧love □
⑨enjoy □
⑩inspire □
collect □
perform □
entertain □
conduct □
broadcast □
in addition □
listen to □
dance to music □
form a band □
relax one's mood □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·江苏高考)CCTV 9 broadcast (播放) Du Fu: China's Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC.
2．The last ten years have seen a significant rise in the number of published memoirs by female rock musicians (音乐家)．
3．So because so much popular (流行的) music and particularly rock music has those chords in root position we can track them more readily.
4．Read album reviews, discover festivals and events, and track the recorded and oral history of the most famous folk (民间的) songs.
5．Learning a musical instrument (乐器) introduces a child to an understanding of music.
6．She indeed lives in a fool's paradise as she always dreams about making a huge fortune overnight (一夜之间)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浙江1月高考)In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco friendly option.
2．This area is often used for entertainment (entertain) such as concerts, games or TV watching.
3．Tom has been learning to play the piano since he was four years old in the kindergarten.
4．She drew her inspiration (inspire) from her childhood experiences.
5．I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable (enjoy) day for you.
6．Robert's collection (collect) of prints and paintings has been bought over the years.
7．The conductor (conduct) won great applause after the performance.
8．The children's performance (perform) gave the elders a lot of pleasure last week.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Moreover, listening to some soft music does relax your mood and give you a new start.
另外，听一些轻音乐的确能使你心情放松，给你一个新的开端。
2．The live concert was so successful that the audience was unwilling to leave for a long time.
这场直播的音乐会非常成功，观众久久不愿离去。
3．Listening to classical music can often make you feel powerful while soft music can be the perfect way to help you relax at the end of a long day.
听古典音乐常常能使你感到有力量，而轻音乐可能是帮助你在漫长的一天结束后放松的最佳方式。
4．I'm writing to ask you for some advice on how to form a music band.
我写信想就如何组建乐队向你征询一些意见。
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
(2021·石家庄模拟)
Live at Leeds Festival, United Kingdom
A weekend of indie (非主流) music taking over Leeds for one day in May, Metronomy, Sundara Karma and Tom Grennan will headline, but there's a focus on the city's newer bands, with the festival aiming to bring new artists into the spotlight. Events take place across the city, with wristbands giving you access to all the places. And to go to this festival, you need to be over 14 years old.
Time: 4 May
Midnight Sun Film Festival, Finland
Almost a hundred miles north of the Arctic Circle, Sodankyl is where Finnish film director brothers Aki and Mika Kaurism ki rock up every summer for their Midnight Sun Film Festival, a five day and night celebration of new cinema. A mix of silent films, contemporary Finnish ones, recent festival hits and box office classics are screened around the clock.
Time: 12 16 June
Fuji Rock Festival, Japan
The first ever Fuji Rock Festival was held at the bottom of Mount Fuji back in 1997 and has brought in music and rock fans from all over the world. The festival is now held in the Naeba Ski Resort and is celebrating its 23rd anniversary this year. The artists who perform aren't all rockers. Your wristband has to be checked at the entrance. We offer facilities for children, but they can't be left unaccompanied.
Time: 26 28 July
The White Nights Festival, St. Petersburg, Russia
The White Nights Festival is held at the city's famous Mariinsky Theatre and shows some of the world's best opera and ballet. It's the best time to visit St. Petersburg because it's held during the magical summer period when there's almost 24 hours of sunlight a day.
Time: 11 May 31 July
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个艺术类节日，包括英国的Live at Leeds音乐节、芬兰的午夜太阳电影节、日本的富士摇滚音乐节以及俄罗斯的白色夜晚节。
1．Which festival lasts the longest time
A．Live at Leeds Festival.
B．Midnight Sun Film Festival.
C．Fuji Rock Festival.
D．The White Nights Festival.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“lasts the longest time”定位至四个节日介绍的时间，由“Time: 4 May”“Time: 12 16 June”“Time: 26 28 July”“Time: 11 May 31 July”可知，持续时间最长的是俄罗斯圣彼得堡的白色夜晚节，从5月11日持续到7月31日，故D项正确。
2．Where will you enjoy a 24 hour movie activity
A．In Leeds, United Kingdom.
B．In Sodankyl ， Finland.
C．In the Naeba Ski Resort, Japan.
D．In St. Petersburg, Russia.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据Midnight Sun Film Festival, Finland部分中的“A mix of silent films ... are screened around the clock.”，并结合该部分其他内容可知，在芬兰的Sodankyl 这个地方你能享受一个24小时的电影活动，故B项正确。
3．What do Live at Leeds Festival and Fuji Rock Festival have in common
A．They are of the same music style.
B．They focus on new artists.
C．They require entrance wristbands.
D．They have age limits.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Live at Leeds Festival, United Kingdom部分中的“with wristbands giving you access to all the places”可知，英国的Live at Leeds音乐节入场需要带上腕带；根据Fuji Rock Festival, Japan部分中的“Your wristband has to be checked at the entrance.”可知，参加富士摇滚音乐节要在入口处检查腕带。据此可知，这两个节日的共同之处是观众需要带上腕带进场，故C项正确。
B
One night in 1966, Michael Chapman rushed into a folk music club in Cornwall, England to get out of the rain, and soon found himself onstage playing the guitar.
“They offered me a job to play for the rest of the summer. And I've been playing ever since，” Chapman says. “I've told that story so many times, but it's absolutely true. If it hadn't been raining that night, I wouldn't be talking to you.”
The British guitar player has spent the 50 years since then on the road. He released some praised albums in the 1970s, but his health went downhill in the 80s and 90s. Like a lot of British artists in the 1960s, Chapman taught himself to play the guitar by listening to American jazz and blues records.
Chapman actually taught photography, but quit when he was 26 to play music full time. When he was starting out, he was often compared to other British acoustic (原声的) guitar heroes of the time, like John Martyn and Bert Jansch.
“The fascinating thing about Michael Chapman is that he doesn't fit in with those guys of his generation，” says Andrew Male, a music journalist. “He's always been an outsider. He never moved to London.”
And while he never became part of the London music scene, Chapman was noticed by those musicians. “The 70s caught up with him in the 80s，” Male says. “He had a huge heart attack at the end of the 80s that nearly finished him off. When he made his way back into the world in the early 90s, people had forgotten about him.”
But not everyone. A younger generation of musicians in America, including Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth and a younger singer and guitarist named Steve Gumi, recently rediscovered Chapman.
“We wanted to capture Michael's voice and character where he is now. You know, it's a little road weary, but he still has it，” Gunn says. “For me, it was really important to get that right.” “He's the right old musician for present times，” Male says. “I think the music he makes seems quite in tune with where we're at.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位吉他演奏老艺术家Chapman的演艺经历以及新一代吉他演奏家Steve Gumi认为Chapman创作的音乐和他们现在所处的环境很协调，所以他让老艺术家重新攀登音乐事业的高峰。
4．What word can best describe Michael Chapman's first involvement in music
A．Untrue. B．Accidental.
C．Unfortunate. D．Reasonable.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推断， Michael Chapman走上音乐之路是出于偶然的机会。故选B。
5．What can we learn about the British guitarist John Martyn from the text
A．He used to teach photography full time.
B．He cannot get along well with other musicians.
C．He may be very familiar with American jazz and blues.
D．He may be one of the best guitar players in the early 90s.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句和第四段第二句可推断， John Martyn作为那个年代的吉他艺术家，应该很熟悉美国的爵士乐及蓝调音乐。故选C。
6．Why did Michael Chapman quit his music career once
A．He lost his special voice.
B．He suffered from a severe heart attack.
C．He got tired of competing with others.
D．He was almost forgotten by everyone.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第六段第三句和第四句可知， Michael Chapman中断他的音乐职业生涯是因为一次严重的心脏病发作。故选B。
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．The Rise and Fall of Guitar Music
B．The Sad Story of a Guitar Musician
C．A New Generation Helps an Old Guitar Musician
D．A Guitar Musician's Back with the Help of a New Generation
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了一位老艺术家在新一代艺术家的帮助之下，重新攀登音乐事业的高峰的故事。故选D。
C
Al Gore has been concerned with climate change, or “climate crisis” as he calls it, for the majority of his political career.As the years passed and he became more passionate about this issue, he started travelling the world in order to educate people about the effects of global warming using computer slide shows.Free of charge, he explained to his audiences that the world is facing a “planetary emergency” and that it isn't too late to stop it if appropriate action is taken now.
It was during this time of touring and giving lectures that Gore was spotted by Hollywood producer Laurie David, who asked him to turn his slide shows into a documentary in which he would play the starring role.At first, Gore was reluctant, as he has always been a very private person, despite being used to being in the public eye.Eventually, though, David managed to persuade him.The result was a fascinating documentary combining references to Gore's own life story with horrifying predictions about the future of our planet.
Little did Gore know that just one year later he would be walking along the red carpet at the Cannes Film Festival and later collecting an Oscar for “Best Documentary”．Advertised as “the scariest movie you'll see，” the movie concentrates on the potentially terrifying consequences of climate change.
An Inconvenient Truth certainly gives us much to consider.As the title of the film suggests, it may be inconvenient for us to have to think about the future of the planet, but think we must.
The profits from the film are now funding other campaigns to spread the message about global warming.Gore is delighted that some schools are even using the DVD to help them teach awareness of environmental issues to their students.
So can this one man's efforts really make a difference Well, according to Gore, if we are clear about what the problem is, then we are more likely to introduce changes into our daily lives.It may not seem as if the decisions of individuals can achieve very much, but put them all together and they may add up to something that will, literally, change the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了阿尔·戈尔作为环保专家所做出的种种努力。
8．Why did Gore make a worldwide tour
A．To build his political career.
B．To research on climate change.
C．To provide private education for children.
D．To raise public awareness about climate change.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“in order to educate people about the effects of global warming”可知，Gore环游世界是想提高人们对于全球变暖这一气候问题的关注度。
9．What does the underlined word “reluctant” in Para.2 mean
A．Cheerful. B．Curious.
C．Surprised. D．Unwilling.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文的“as he has always been a very private person”和“Eventually, though, David managed to persuade him.”可知，Gore一开始并不愿意接受好莱坞制片人Laurie David的提议。
10．What can we infer about the film
A．It was a great success.
B．It brought Gore in great money.
C．It was far too scary for many people.
D．It avoided the inconvenient crisis consequences.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“he would be walking along the red carpet at the Cannes Film Festival and later collecting an Oscar for ‘Best Documentary’”和第五段中的“Gore is delighted that some schools are even using the DVD ... to their students.”可知，这部名为《难以忽视的真相》的纪录片取得了巨大成功。
11．What does the author try to say in the last paragraph
A．Personal contributions count.
B．We'd better begin to change from now on.
C．Gore's efforts will make no difference to the world.
D．Everyone shares the responsibility for the environment.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“It may not seem as if the decisions of individuals can achieve very much, but put them all together and they may add up to something that will, literally, change the world.”可知，作者认为，每个人的一小步加起来将是人类的一大步。所以个人的贡献很重要，故选A。
tips 利用正向思维解推理判断题
所谓正向思维，就是人们在创造性思维活动中，沿袭某些常规去分析问题，按事物发展的进程进行思考、推测，是一种从已知到未知的揭示事物本质的思维方法。做题时，我们可以根据文章的关键信息(事实)，沿着作者原来的思路从正面去分析问题，从而得出新的结论。
例如C篇阅读中的第11题，抓住本文关键信息“It may not seem as if the decisions of individuals can achieve very much, but put them all together and they may add up to something that will, literally, change the world.”，利用正向思维去分析、判断，我们可以得出结论：每个人的一小步加起来将是人类的一大步。所以个人的贡献很重要。
PAGE
21
