人教版（新课程标准）必修3 Unit1-5学案（5份打包）

Unit 1 Festivals around the world
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．ancestor n．　　　　　　 祖先；祖宗
2．feast n. 节日；盛宴
3．worldwide adj. 遍及全世界的；世界性的
4．parking n. (汽车等)停放
5．wipe vt. 擦；揩；擦去
6．weep vi. 哭泣；流泪
n. 哭；哭泣
7．beauty n. 美；美人
8．weave vt.& vi. 编织；(使)迂回前进
第二组：写其形
1．belief n. 信任；信心；信仰
2．gather vt.& vi. 搜集；集合；聚集
3．award n. 奖；奖品
vt. 授予；判定
4．custom n. 习惯；风俗
5．obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的
6．gain vt. 获得；得到
7．forgive vt. 原谅；饶恕
8．trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门
vt. 欺骗；诈骗
9．fool n．愚人；白痴；受骗者 vt.愚弄；欺骗vi.干傻事；开玩笑adj.傻的
10．clothing n. 衣服
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．remind vt.提醒；使想起→reminder n．起提醒作用的东西
2．arrival n．到来；到达；到达者→arrive vi.到达
3．independence n．独立；自主→independent adj.独立的；自主的
4．permission n．许可；允许→permit vt.允许n.许可证；执照
5．apologize vi.道歉；辩白→apology n．道歉
6．origin n．起源；由来；起因→original adj.原来的→originally adv.原先
7．starve vi.& vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死→starvation n．饿死
8．celebration n．庆祝；祝贺→celebrate v．庆祝；祝贺
9．energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的→energy n．能量；精力
10．sadness n．悲哀；悲伤→sad adj.悲伤的→sadly adv.伤心地；悲伤地
11．agriculture n．农业；农艺；农学→agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的
12．admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admiration n．敬佩；钦佩；羡慕
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．take place 发生
2．in memory of 纪念；追念
3．dress up 穿上盛装；打扮；装饰
4．play a trick on 搞恶作剧；开玩笑
5．look forward to 期望；期待；盼望
6．day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天
7．turn up 出现；到场
8．keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言
9．hold one's breath 屏息；屏气
10．have fun with 玩得开心
11．set off 出发；动身；使爆炸
12．remind ...of ... 使……想起……
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式
悟原句 At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.
背佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
2．It＋be＋adj.＋that ..., it为形式主语
悟原句 It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...
背佳句 (2019·北京高考书面表达)It is obvious that the trip will be colorful.
3．while引导时间状语从句
悟原句 While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.
背佳句 (2017·北京高考书面表达)While the students and teachers were watching the video, they were greatly touched.
1.“悲喜”交加
①sadness　 悲伤；悲哀
②sorrow 悲伤；悲痛
③shock 震惊；难过
④depression 沮丧；抑郁
⑤happiness 高兴
⑥pleasure 愉快
2.“相信”与“不相信”聚焦
①belief n．　 信任；信心
②faith n. 信任；信念
③trust n．& vt. 信任
④convince vt. 使确信
⑤doubt n．& vt. 怀疑
⑥suspect v． 怀疑；猜想
3.“骗，欺骗”家族
①trick vt.　 欺骗；诈骗
n. 诡计；恶作剧
②cheat v. 欺骗；欺诈
n. 欺骗(行为)
③fool vt. 愚弄；欺骗
n. 愚人
④deceive v. 欺骗；蒙骗
4.word相关短语全接触
①keep one's word 履行诺言
②break one's word 违背诺言
③in other words 换句话说
④in a/one word 总之
⑤have a word with sb. 与某人交谈
⑥have words with sb. 和某人吵架
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I find that doing physical exercise a couple of times a week makes me feel more energetic (energy)．
2．The drought in this area has severely affected agricultural (agriculture) production.
3．On arriving (arrive) at the ancient village, you can find many cultural (culture) relics.
4．They are celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival and many people are joining in the celebration.(celebrate)
5．The young man kept apologizing to his girlfriend for his being late, but she refused to accept his apology.(apologize)
6．The old temple has kept many of its original features, which tells us the origin of the legend.Originally, people knew little about it, but now it becomes very famous.(origin)
7．The moment I saw the scientist admired by everyone, words failed to express my admiration.(admire)
8．Even if you have a permit, I won't permit you to enter the hall without my permission.(permit)
9．Della's eyes were full of sadness at the sad news and she looked sadly at her husband.(sad)
10．After three days without food, the men were close to starvation.If we had come later, they would have starved to death.(starve)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．We set off at dawn so that we could get to the coast before lunch time.
2．I admire Mother Teresa for her unwavering devotion to the poor.
3．We will build a monument in memory of the persons who sacrificed their lives for our country.
4．The first day of April is commonly known as April Fools' Day, and it is customarily on this day to play a trick on a friend.
5．We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.
6．The girls in our office all dressed up to take part in the evening party.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．take the place of/in place of
①Although the computer has many advantages, it can't take the place of human beings.
②Our monitor is away. I will go to the meeting in place of him.
2．turn up/turn out/turn to/turn down
①She turned up the radio when she heard her favorite song.
②I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
③ —You look upset. What's the matter
—I had my proposal turned down again.
④Some all A students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．We have awarded the contract to a New York based company. 给予
2．If I plant nothing at all, I harvest nothing at all. 收获
3．I am familiar with the saying “Small gains bring good wealth.” 收益
4．Believe it or not, I'll forgive you the debt. 免除
5．A train blew its whistle and drowned his voice. 淹没
6．①He tricked me into lending him 10,000 yuan. 欺骗
②(2020·江苏高考)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for whatever. 技巧；技艺
③The children loved playing tricks on their teacher. 恶作剧
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．就我个人而言，这道数学题很难算出来。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
As far as I'm concerned, this maths problem is very difficult to work out.
2．随着时间的推移，中国已不再是三十年前的中国。(with复合结构)
With time going by, China is not what it used to be thirty years ago.
3．显而易见，手机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。(It＋be＋adj.＋that ...)
It is obvious that smartphones play an important role in our daily life.
4．当在北京大学学习时，我见到了这位歌手并与之成了好朋友。(while)
While (I was) studying at Beijing University, I met with the singer and we became good friends.
1．gain vt.获得；得到n.获利；利益
　?单句语法填空
①She hopes to gain experience by/from working abroad for a year.
②Just as the old saying goes, “No pains, no gains (gain)．”
?翻译句子
③如果我们到国外旅行，我们可以拓宽视野，获得从书本上得不到的知识。
If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)gain sth. by/from ...　　　　 从……中获益
gain other's respect/trust 获得别人的尊敬/信任
(2)No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。
2．admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕；欣赏；观赏
[串联式巧记]
　一语串起 Many people admire the famous actor for his excellent performance, which they enjoy with/in admiration, and to express their admiration for him, some of them even email him frequently.很多人因他出色的表演而钦佩这位名演员。他们带着钦佩之情欣赏他的表演。他们中的一些人为了表达对他的钦佩之情甚至经常给他发邮件。
用法释义 (1)admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩某人(2)admiration n．　　　　 　钦佩；羡慕；敬佩with/in admiration 钦佩地express/have admiration for sb./sth.表达对某人/物的羡慕/钦佩
[针对训练]　
?单句语法填空
①Molly is admired (admire) for her charming personality and remarkable ability.
②I'd like to express my admiration (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters.
③Deeply moved by her performance, the whole audience all stood up and applauded with/in admiration.
?翻译句子
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我周边有很多值得尊敬的人，其中我非常钦佩李老师。
There are many respectable people around me, among whom I admire Miss Li very much.
3．apologize vi.道歉；辩白
(1)apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n．　　　　　 　　 　 道歉；辩白
make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.
?句型转换
②If you are really wrong, you should apologize to your roommate.
→If you are really wrong, you should make an apology to your roommate.
?翻译句子
③(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店向你道歉。
I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
4．remind vt.提醒；使想起
remind sb. of (doing) sth. 提醒某人(做)某事；使某人想起(做)某事
remind sb. to do sth.　　　 　　 提醒某人去做某事
remind (sb.) that/how/what ... 提醒(某人)……
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①Please remind me to write (write) an email to my mother tomorrow, for it's her birthday.
②Passengers are reminded (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.
?补全句子
③(2020·江苏高考)The phone boxes are making a comeback to remind people of a historical period.
公共电话亭回归的原因是它们可以使人们想起某一历史时期。
[联想发散]　常见的“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”短语还有：
①cure sb. of sth.　　　　　　 治好某人的病
②accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
③rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
④inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
⑤convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
5．forgive vt.(forgave, forgiven) 原谅；饶恕；宽恕；免除(债务)
forgive sb. sth.　　　　　　　 原谅某人某事
forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive one's doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事
forgive and forget 既往不咎
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may be forgiven (forgive) for thinking they are in a city gallery.
②Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don't agree with that.
?补全句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Although Chinese family will forgive you for your being late, I suggest you should arrive on time.
虽然中国家庭会原谅你迟到，但我建议你要准时到达。
1．look forward to期望；期待；盼望
look around　　　　　　　　 环视
look down on/upon 轻视；瞧不起
look into 调查；向……里看
look up 查阅；抬头看
look up to 尊敬；敬仰
look back (on) 回忆；回顾
look forward 向前看
[演绎法练通]　
?用look的相关短语填空
①The kid is looking forward to being taken to the zoo this weekend.
②(2020·天津5月高考)The relationship I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I've grown.
③He stood up and looked forward to see what was going on outside.
④It is wrong of you to look down on/upon the disabled in need.
?补全句子
⑤(2019·北京高考书面表达)If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to let me know. Looking forward to your early reply.
如果你有任何问题，请不要犹豫，让我知道。期待你的早日答复。
[名师指津]　在look forward to中，to为介词，其后要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。look forward意为“向前看”，其后接动词不定式表示目的(如句③)。
2．turn up出现；到场；被找到；开大(音量)；调高(温度)；向上翻
　一语串起 This morning, my grandmother turned on the radio to listen to news as usual. She felt she could not hear clearly. So she turned it up. But it was no use. She had to turn to my father for help. I saw my father turned off the radio and turned it over to see what was wrong. It turned out that the button did not work any more. My father repaired it and told my grandmother to turn down the radio, for the neighbor's little baby was asleep at the time.今天早上，我奶奶像往常一样打开收音机听新闻。她觉得自己听不清楚。因此她把音量调大了，但是没用。她不得不向我父亲求助。我看见我父亲关掉收音机，把它翻过来看看有什么问题。原来那个按钮出故障了。我父亲修好了，并告诉我奶奶把收音机的音量调低，因为邻居的小婴儿当时正在睡觉。
用法释义 turn down　　　　　 拒绝；关小；调低turn in 上交；拐入turn out 结果是；证明是；生产；制造turn over 翻身；移交；转变turn off 关闭(开关等) turn to 求助于；致力于turn on 打开；接通(电流、煤气、水等)
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练]　用turn的相关短语填空
①Things turned out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Some famous Chinese artists will turn up and perform at the exhibition.
③The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be turned down.
④The moment the bell rang, all the students turned in their papers immediately.
3．set off出发；动身；使爆炸；引起
　[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中set off的含义①(2018·浙江11月高考)This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents' homes, sleep away camps and lifeguard stands.出发②The slightest spark can set off the explosives stored here.使爆炸③If uncontrolled, the shortage would set off a new rise in meat prices.引起
理明白 set aside　　　　　　　 留出；忽视；不顾set about (doing) 着手/开始(做)……set out (to do) 动身；出发；开始(做)……set down 写下；记下set up 建立；安排；搭起
[针对训练]　用set相关短语填空
④A great many boys were setting off fireworks in the street during the Spring Festival.
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well known painter.
⑥(2019·北京高考)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.
4．It＋be＋adj.＋that ..., it为形式主语
　[教材原句]　It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave — he wiped the tables，then sat down and turned on the TV — just what Li Fang needed!
很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开——他擦好桌子，然后坐下来，打开电视机。这正合了李方的意！
用法规则 (1)It＋be＋形容词(possible, obvious, important ...)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, an idea, no wonder ...)＋that从句/to do(3)It＋不及物动词(seems/happens/turns out ...)＋that从句(4)It＋be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported ...)＋that从句
注意事项 在句型“It is/was strange/important/necessary/essential ...＋that从句”中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
[针对训练]　补全句子
①It is obvious that without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today.
很明显，如果没有全社会的帮助就不会有今天的新学校。
②It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming what it takes to be a good doctor.
人们普遍认为沟通技巧正在成为作为一名好医生必备的技能。
③It happened that he met his teacher in the street.
他碰巧在街上遇到他的老师。
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'm very delighted to know that you're invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend. It is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese culture.
我很高兴得知你被你的中国朋友邀请参加晚宴。这是一个体验中国文化的好机会。
5．while引导的状语从句
　[教材原句]　While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.
当她在人间时遇到了牛郎，然后两人相爱了。
用法规则 (1)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 (2)while用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比，意为“然而；可是”。(3)while引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折，意为“虽然；尽管”。
注意事项 while意为“虽然，尽管”时，比although, though语气要轻，也不与but连用。
[针对训练]　 补全句子
①I came across my former English teacher while I was walking in the park the other day.
前几天我在公园散步时遇到了我先前的英语老师。
②While traveling can broaden your mind, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱不是一个好主意。
③(2019·江苏高考书面表达)Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su Hua prefers the school uniform.
李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华则更喜欢校服。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The beauty (beautiful) of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
3．(2020·浙江1月高考)Eudora is nine years old and has my permission (permit) to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults.
4．(2020·天津7月高考)It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish (fool) leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
5．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic (energy)．
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Generally speaking, your arrival (arrive) shouldn't be later than the fixed time.
8．(2018·江苏高考)Technology is vital for agricultural (agriculture) development.
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence (independent), giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
10．(2017·浙江高考)And I do look forward to receiving (receive) your reply letter as soon as possible.
11．(2015·天津高考)It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take (take) medicine or taking family photos.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2020·浙江7月高考)Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.采集②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.消灭
词类活用 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90 year old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain's oldest full time employee — still working 40 hours a week.v.授予
生词僻义 ①(2020·江苏高考)Chinese customs began NAT (核酸检测) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry.到达者②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.起初
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)My dad came to our New Year party, 22 as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs.
A．dressed up　　　　　　　 B．broken down
C．settled down D．signed up
解析：选A　根据空格后的“as Donald Duck”可知，作者父亲在晚会上装扮成唐老鸭。dress up“装扮”，符合语境。
2．(2020·浙江7月高考) ...The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.
Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the vehicle move.
A．Fortunately B．Generally
C．Immediately D．Obviously
解析：选D　根据上文可知，作者看见拖拉机突然动了，而作者之前是拉了手刹的，所以作者认为这很明显是Don造成的，因为当时只有它在拖拉机上，故选D项。
3．(2017·浙江6月高考)She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a safe place, but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands.Secretly, she brought books home every night, filling her car late after work.
A．permission B．confirmation
C．explanation D．information
解析：选A　根据本空后的“but they refused”可知，她想转移图书需要获得政府的许可。permission“许可”，符合语境。confirmation“确认”；explanation“解释”；information“信息”。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)His words freed me from my bad dreams.I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me.I was right to have 59 him.From that day on, I grew bigger and a little more real.
A．challenged B．cured
C．invited D．admired
解析：选D　根据上文作者对Miller的赞扬可知，此处指作者一直佩服他是对的。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)显然，网上的一些汉语口语课程有助于你适应汉语环境。(obvious)
It is obvious that some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
2．(2018·天津高考书面表达)无论谁获得世界青少年机器人技能竞赛的第一名都会被授予金牌。(award)
The gold medal will be awarded whoever wins the first place in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition.
3．(2018·浙江6月高考写作)从那次志愿活动中，我不仅开阔了视野，而且获得了一些宝贵的经验。(gain)
From that voluntary activity, not only did I broaden my horizons but also gained some valuable experience.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我坚信我的建议对你会有很大的帮助。盼望着早日收到你的来信。(belief, look forward to)
I hold the firm belief that my suggestions will be of great help to you.I'm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①award　　　 □
②predict □
③treat □
④harvest □
⑤apologize □　　　
⑥decorate　　 □
⑦celebrate □
⑧feast □
⑨candle □
⑩fashion □　　　
region　　　 □
custom □
discount □
clothing □
set off □　　　
attend a ceremony　　　　 □
place an order for □
on special occasions □
free of charge/for free □
in memory of/in honor of □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Unusual fashion (时装) shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)The current challenges of life were predicted (预言) by the ancestors.
3．(2020·江苏高考)We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs (风俗), and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food.
4．On the following day a feast (盛宴) was given in King John's honour.
5．Children depend on their parents for food and clothing (衣服)．
6．If we want to reap a harvest (收获), we have to make the best of time and work hard.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．These shirts are sold at a discount because some sizes are not available.
2．Many teachers have been awarded (award) prizes in various professional competitions.
3．I owe you an apology (apologize); you must have found my attitude very annoying.
4．A fund was launched to set up a monument in memory of the dead in the war.
5．Do you wish to place an order for the bicycles at present
6．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment (treat) sent by the government.
7．We had our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration (decorate) of the house is finished.
8．They held a party to celebrate their success and the celebration lasted about two hours.(celebrate)
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．The most unforgettable matter to me is that I can set off fireworks with my brothers and sisters in New Year.
在新年最令我难忘的事是我可以和我的兄弟姐妹放鞭炮。
2．I only ever use that on special occasions so it's as good as new.
我只在特殊场合下才使用它，所以它跟新的一样。
3．Performers dressed as ancient Chinese scholars attend a ceremony to celebrate Confucius' birthday at the Confucius Temple in Qufu.
在曲阜孔庙，表演者穿着中国古代学者的衣服参加庆祝孔子诞辰的庆典仪式。
4．The town gardens should be open to the public free of charge/for free.
城里的花园应该对公众免费开放。
[单元主题语篇训练]　
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2021·兰州诊断)When I was a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery (射箭), but for me, the most memorable 1 was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you've ever 2 a mountain, you know it's a physical challenge, 3 when you're carrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got 4 ， they certainly started complaining.
“How much farther is it？”
“I can't go any further.”
“My 5 is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”
The reply of the 6 was, “Suck it up (忍气吞声)”. The truth is that the complaining campers were 7 near the point of 8 . If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the 9 and given them care. The kids simply weren't used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren't getting any sympathy they 10 the discomfort, and in most cases 11 having a great time. In my camp days, I don't 12 a single camper complaining at the 13 of the mountain.
There are two ways to deal with an 14 situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like you're getting that 15 energy out, but you're probably not going to cause a positive change. It's much more likely that your complaining will cause the 16 of those around you. No one likes a complainer. They're 17 and they hurt the plaining makes life 18 for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own 19 ， to move past it and focus on a 20 ， it's my experience that you'll realize it wasn't bad in the first place.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，期间和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。
1．A.experience　　　　　　 B．behaviour
C．occasion D．situation
解析：选A　根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。experience“经历”符合语境，故选A。
2．A.seen B．reached
C．climbed D．described
解析：选C　根据上文中的“mountain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。climb“爬”符合语境，故选C。
3．A.especially B．normally
C．obviously D．naturally
解析：选A　根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其(especially)是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。故选A。
4．A.ashamed B．tired
C．puzzled D．shocked
解析：选B　根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项意为“羞愧的”；B项意为“劳累的”；C项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“震惊的”。故选B。
5．A.food B．water
C．shelter D．backpack
解析：选D　根据上文中的“when you're carrying your food and shelter on your back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。backpack“背包”符合语境，故选D。
6．A.parents B．teachers
C．guides D．partners
解析：选B　根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed ... care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。
7．A.somewhere B．anywhere
C．nowhere D．everywhere
解析：选C　根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。nowhere near意为“远没有”，故选C。
8．A.camp B．exhaustion
C．mountain D．destination
解析：选B　参见上题解析。
9．A.signs B．activities
C．gestures D．scenes
解析：选A　根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项意为“迹象”；B项意为“活动”；C项意为“姿态”；D项意为“场面”。故选A。
10．A.shared B．understood
C．suffered D．overcame
解析：选D　根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。overcome“克服”符合语境，故选D。
11．A.couldn't help B．ended up
C．insisted on D．gave up
解析：选B　参见上题解析。A项意为“忍不住做某事”；B项意为“最终”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“放弃”。故选B。
12．A.recall B．forget
C．disturb D．forgive
解析：选A　根据第一段中的“the most memorable”并结合语境可推知，“我”不记得在山顶(top)有人抱怨过。A项意为“回忆起”；B项意为“忘记”；C项意为“打扰”；D项意为“原谅”。故选A。
13．A.foot B．top
C．back D．base
解析：选B　参见上题解析。
14．A.unbelievable B．unexpected
C．unusual D．unpleasant
解析：选D　根据下文中的“complain” “make the best of it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。A项意为“难以置信的”；B项意为“出乎意料的”；C项意为“不寻常的”；D项意为“令人不快的”。故选D。
15．A.great B．spare
C．negative D．potential
解析：选C　根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。negative“负面的”符合语境，故选C。potential“潜在的”。
16．A.dislike B．respect
C．sympathy D．enthusiasm
解析：选A　根据下文中的“No one likes a complainer.”可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。A项意为“不喜欢”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“同情”；D项意为“热情”。故选A。
17．A.amazing B．shocking
C．worrying D．annoying
解析：选D　根据该句中的“they hurt the group”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。A项意为“惊人的”；B项意为“令人震惊的”；C项意为“令人担忧的”；D项意为“讨厌的”。故选D。
18．A.poorer B．harder
C．easier D．better
解析：选B　根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难。harder“更艰难的”符合语境，故选B。
19．A.life B．mind
C．suffering D．mistake
解析：选C　根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。suffering“痛苦”符合语境，故选C。
20．A.trip B．plan
C．solution D．dream
解析：选C　参见上题解析。
tips 完形填空之利用词汇复现解题
完形填空重在考查考生是否具有全面的、整体的思维意识，考生如果没有较强的整体意识和大局观，往往很难找出正确答案。换言之，完形填空需要考生能够仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注重前后文的呼应。在一部分完形填空题目中，考生不需要做出推理判断，仅利用上下文的复现信息，即可轻松确定正确答案。这些词汇复现包括：
①原词复现：在上下文中同一词汇重复出现。
②同根词复现：有词形变化的词汇复现。
③同义/近义词复现：意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的语言复现。
④反义词复现：意思相反的表达方式复现。
⑤上下义词复现：总括与分述的词汇复现。如rose(玫瑰花)是flower(花)的下义词，flower是rose的上义词。
例如上文第2题选项C(climbed)与上一句中的“mountain climbing”为原词复现。
　　　　
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Whoever wrote the song “It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1 . Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don't force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can't stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response — no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2 .
Let out sadness
The results of the bus driver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3 . We don't like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4 . Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well being. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences. And don't forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。
1．选D　承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。
2．选E　结合本段小标题Don't force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。
3．选G　根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don't like contradictory behavior.”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉不开心，故选G。
4．选F　根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。
5．选B　根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In recent years, many original Chinese children's novels and picture books, with moving stories and Chinese elements, 1 (reach)great heights in the international markets.Children's books have clocked 7.3 million volumes, 2 (account) for 50.33 percent of all books exported.
Three factors have 3 (great) contributed to the 4 (grow): the depth of the story, traditional Chinese elements and emotions of the characters.
The meaning of children's books lies in conveying the profound connotation (内涵) behind the story.Through the unique interpretation of the humanity and the environment, 5 (write) share the same feelings with Chinese and Western readers.
Cao Wenxuan, 6 is the writer of Bronze and Sunflower, even won Hans Christian Andersen Award.The English version of the book was published in 2015 by a British company, 7 republished in 2017.It was included in “the voice of the world — the world's 8 (beautiful) novel series”．
The book tells the story of the growing relationship 9 a city girl, Sunflower, and a country boy, Bronze.The author displays the extreme struggle of the characters in 10 face of hardship, and describes the true, the good and the beautiful in human nature with vigor (活力) and warmth.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国儿童文学在国际市场上越来越受欢迎的原因，并着重介绍了儿童文学作家曹文轩及他的获奖作品《青铜葵花》。
1．have reached　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“In recent years”，可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是“many original Chinese children's novels and picture books”，所以谓语动词应用复数形式，故答案为have reached。
2．accounting　考查非谓语动词。句意：儿童书籍的销量达到730万册，占所有图书出口的50.33%。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故答案为accounting。
3．greatly　考查副词。句意：有三个因素极大地促进了销量的增长。此处contribute是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为greatly。
4．growth　考查名词。句意参见上题。定冠词the用在名词前面，故答案为growth。
5．writers　考查名词复数。句意：通过对人文和环境的独特解读，作家们与中西方读者有着同样的感受。结合句意并根据谓语动词“share”可知此处用名词复数，故答案为writers。
6．who　考查定语从句。句意：曹文轩，《青铜葵花》的作者，甚至赢得了安徒生奖。此处Cao Wenxuan是先行词，指人，后面的定语从句缺少主语和引导词，故答案为who。
7．and　考查并列连词。句意：这本书的英文版于2015年由一家英国公司出版，并于2017年再次出版。此处表示递进的并列关系，故答案为and。
8．most beautiful　考查形容词最高级。句意：它被收录在“世界之声——世界上最美丽的小说系列”中。由句意可知此处用形容词的最高级，故答案为most beautiful。
9．between　考查介词。句意：这本书讲述了一个城市女孩向日葵和乡村男孩青铜的故事。between ... and ...“两者之间”，故答案为between。
10．the　考查固定搭配。句意：作者展示了面对苦难时人物的极端斗争，并用活力和热情描述了人性的真实、善良和美丽。in the face of “面对着……”，固定搭配。
tips 语法填空之提示词为动词 (2)
第一步：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语动词时，应考虑该空考查非谓语动词。
第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，确定用非谓语动词的哪种形式。
第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。
例如文中第2题：Children's books have clocked 7.3 million volumes, 2 (account) for 50.33 percent of all books exported.
分析：考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词have clocked，因此account应用非谓语动词形式，又因为7.3 million volumes与account之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式。
　　　
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24Unit 2 Healthy eating
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．muscle n．　　　　　　　　 肌肉；(食用)瘦肉
2．digest vi.& vt. 消化
n. 摘要；概要
3．glare vi. 怒目而视；闪耀
n. 怒视；炫目的光
4．spy vi.& vt. 窥探；秘密监视
n. 间谍；侦探
5．obesity n. 过度肥胖
6．garlic n. 大蒜
7．cooperation n. 合作；协作
8．fibre n. 纤维；纤维制品
9．vitamin n. 维生素
10．protein n. 蛋白质
第二组：写其形
1．diet n. 日常饮食
vi. 节食
2．fry vt.& vi. 油煎；油炸
3．slim vi. 变细；减肥
adj. 苗条的；纤细的
4．lie n. 谎话；谎言
vi. 说谎
5．customer n. 顾客；消费者
6．consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量
7．sigh vi. 叹息；叹气
n. 叹息；叹息声
8．debt n. 债；债务
9．hostess n. 女主人；女主持人
10．discount n. 折扣
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．balance n．天平；平衡vt.平衡；权衡→balanced adj.均衡的
2．curiosity n．好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地
3．weakness n．缺点；虚弱；弱点→weak adj.虚弱的
4．strength n．强项；长处；力量→strengthen vt.加强；巩固→strong adj.强壮的；坚强的
5．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．范围；限制
6．benefit n．利益；好处vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的
7．combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合→combination n．结合；联合
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．lose weight 体重减轻；减肥
2．get away with 受到从轻发落；
(做坏事)不受惩罚
3．tell a lie 说谎
4．win ...back 赢回；重新获得
5．earn one's living 谋生
6．in debt 欠债
7．spy on 暗中监视；侦查
8．cut down 削减；删节
9．before long 不久以后
10．put on weight 增加体重
11．glare at 怒目而视
12．balanced diet 平衡膳食
13．for the benefit of 为了……的利益
14．keep fit 保持健康
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
悟原句 “Nothing could be better，” he thought.
背佳句 Everyone knows that nothing is more important than health in our daily life.
2．as引导的方式状语从句
悟原句 Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
背佳句 Something unpleasant must have happened to him if he didn't smile as he always did.
3．can't have sb.doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”
悟原句 He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！
背佳句 To be honest, you can't have your child playing games all day without doing his homework.
1.“看”法大全
①glare vi.& n. 怒视
②stare vi.& n. 凝视
③glance vi.& n. 扫视
④witness vt.& n． 目击(者)
⑤observe v. 观察
⑥spot vt. 发现；认出
2.“购物”相关名词一览
①discount　　 折扣
②customer 顾客
③consumer 消费者
④bargain 便宜货
⑤cashier 出纳员
⑥receipt 收据；收条
⑦refund 退款
3.“in＋n.”表示“处于……之中”
①in debt　　 欠债
②in trouble 在困境中
③in danger 处于危险中
④in progress 正在进展中
⑤in surprise 吃惊地
⑥in fashion 正在流行
4.“v.＋down”短语聚焦
①cut down　 削减；删节
②bring down 降低
③slow down 慢下来
④break down 出故障
⑤turn down 拒绝；关小
⑥settle down 定居；平静下来
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Most of us need to lead more balanced (balance) lives to be healthy and happy.
2．David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him.(strength)
3．Everyone knows the benefit of learning English and if you learn it well, it will be beneficial to your future career.It is reported that many graduates have benefited from having a good command of English.(benefit)
4．We can't always combine work with pleasure, and the combination is hard to get.(combine)
5．The natural resources we have are limited.Therefore we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit.(limit)
6．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear.They will ask all kinds of questions curiously.To meet their curiosity, we'd better answer them patiently.(curiosity)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．Bill's heavily in debt at the moment, but hopes to pay it off when he gets paid.
2．You may escape punishment from cheating others, but you never get away with cheating yourself.
3．Learn to combine your knowledge with experience, and you are sure to succeed.
4．He worked hard to win back his boss's trust and respect.
5．The doctor told Bob his heart was in poor condition and that he must cut down on alcohol and smoking.
6．The newcomer feels his neighbours are always looking out of their windows, spying on him.
7．You should be on a diet; otherwise you will get fatter and fatter.
8．The water supply has been cut off because of the terrible earthquake.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．consult/look up
①When you meet with any new words, you'd better look up them in the dictionary.
②When you are in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult a dictionary.
2．long before/before long
①We'll meet each other again before long.
②She said she had seen the film long before.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．Import raw materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 未加工的
2．They learn well but seem to need time to digest information. 领会
3．It is said that the museum is full of historical curiosities. 珍品
4．There is a slim chance that he will get away from his work for the holiday. 微小的
5．Hunger, cold and illness have cut down many of the villagers. 杀死
6．①He turned around, balancing awkwardly on one foot. (使)保持平衡
②You need a good sense of balance to ride a bicycle. 平衡
③We balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained. 权衡；比较
④They are weighing the leather on the balance. 天平
⑤I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car. 账户余额
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．如果你对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好立刻咨询你的医生。(consult)
If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better consult your doctor at once.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)你本不应该因为他表现不佳而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。(should have done sth.)
You shouldn't have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
3．中国一定是做了非常对的事才产生了我们见到的经济奇迹。(must have done)
China must have done something supremely right to produce the economic miracle we observe.
4．天气这么好，没有人愿意待在家里不出去。 (such ... that ...)
It was such a fine day that no one wanted to stay at home.
5．就我个人而言，努力学习最重要。(否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义)
As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than hard study.
1．balance n．天平；平衡；账户余额vt.平衡；权衡
(1)keep/lose/break one's balance　 保持/失去/打破平衡
(2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A与B
(3)balanced adj. 保持(或显示)平衡的
keep a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①You'd better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.
②You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.
?补全句子
③(2018·北京高考书面表达)You should balance your strengths and weaknesses when applying for a university.
当你申请一所大学的时候，你应该权衡你的优缺点。
2．lie vi.说谎；躺下；位于 n．谎言；谎话
(1)tell a lie/lies (to sb.)　　 (向某人)撒谎；说谎话
a white lie 一个善意的谎言
(2)lie to sb. 向某人撒谎
lie in 位于；在于
lie down 躺下
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①Generally speaking, parents won't have their kids lying (lie) to them no matter what happens.
②The survivors lay (lie) on the beach, exhausted and shocked.
③The moment the bell rang, he laid (lay) the book and rushed out of the classroom.
?补全句子
④(2018·浙江6月高考写作)My advantage over others lies in my ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
我比别人的优势在于我能用英语与外国人交流。
⑤It hurt me to think that he should lie to me.
一想到他竟然对我说谎，我就很伤心。
[名师指津]
单词 词性 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie vi. 说谎 lied lied lying
lie vi. 躺下；位于 lay lain lying
lay vt. 放置；下蛋 laid laid laying
3．strength n．[C]长处；强项；[U]力量；体力
(1)build up one's strength/body　　　 强身健体
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
The strength of ... is that ... ……的优点是……
(2)strengthen vt.& vi. 加强；巩固
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①As a good teacher, you should know your students' strengths (strength) and weaknesses.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I would like to volunteer to help visitors, introduce Chinese paintings, spread Chinese culture, and strengthen (strong) world cultural exchanges.
?补全句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Taking exercise not only keeps the students amused, but also builds up their strength.
做运动不仅能娱乐学生，而且能锻炼他们的体力。
④The strength of his lecture is that it is interesting and instructive.
他的讲座优点是它既有趣又有教育意义。
4．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度
(1)limit ... to ...　　　 把……限制在……内
(2)beyond the limit 超过限度
set a limit to sth. 对……规定限度
there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
(3)limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.
②(2019·江苏高考)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited (limit) resources.
③Life is limited, but there is no limit to serving (serve) the people.
?补全句子
④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.
文章的长度应限制在四百词左右。
5．benefit n．好处；利益；优势vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益
(1)benefit from/by ...　 从……中受益；得益于……
(2)for the benefit of 为了……的利益
(3)beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的
对……有益；有益于(to为介词)
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①A large number of students will benefit from/by the online learning during the COVID 19.
②It was for the benefit of your company that we did that.
③(2020·江苏高考)For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial (benefit) for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
?一句多译
(2016·天津高考书面表达)你们来我们学校参加交流项目已经两周了，这项活动让我们所有人都受益。
④It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us. (benefit vt.)
⑤It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has been of benefit to all of us. (benefit n．)
⑥It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has been beneficial to all of us.(beneficial adj.)
6．combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合
　?单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The study of traditions should be combined (combine) with practice.
②It was several factors that combined to harm (harm) our friendship.
③The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.
?补全句子
④If he can combine his ability with/and hard work, he should be very successful.
如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来，他应该会非常成功的。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)combine ... with/and ...　 把……与……结合起来
combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事
(2)combination n． 结合；联合；组合；联合体；结合物
in combination (with) (与……)联合/结合
1．get away with受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
get away (from)　　　　 (从……)脱身；摆脱(……)
get along/on with 与……相处；进展
get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真地做/对待某事
get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来
get through 完成；接通电话；通过
get across (to sb.) (向某人)解释清楚；使(某人)了解
[演绎法练通]　
?介、副词填空
①(2019·天津高考)The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a confusing world.
②I rang him several times this morning but could not get through to him.
③(2020·浙江7月高考)Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action.
?补全句子
④Our English teacher is very strict with us. He won't have us getting away with cheating in the exam.
我们的英语老师严格要求我们，他绝不允许我们在考试中的作弊行为不受处罚。
2．cut down削减；删节；减少；砍倒；降低；杀死
　
一语串起 He cut in, “We shouldn't cut down the tree because it'll give us shade in the summer. What we need to do now is to cut off the branches from the trunk.” We accepted his advice and cut away all the dead branches. Then we cut across the field and went home.他插话说：“我们不应该砍倒这棵树，因为夏天时它可以为我们提供树荫。我们现在要做的就是剪掉树干上的小分枝。”我们接受了他的建议，并且把树上的枯枝通通砍掉。然后我们穿过田野抄近路回家了。
用法释义 cut in　　　　 插话；(马达或发动机)发动cut up 切碎；切开cut off 切断(供应)；中断(电话通话等)cut away 切除；剪去cut across 抄近路；走捷径
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练]　
?用cut的相关短语填空
①(2020·天津7月高考)It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.
②Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot.
③She kept cutting in on our conversation, which made us very angry.
?翻译句子
④Immediate actions should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees to better the environment.
应当马上采取措施，像停止砍伐树木来改善环境。
3．否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
　[教材原句]　“Nothing could be better，” he thought.
他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
[用法规则]
(1)“否定词＋比较级”结构表示最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……的了；没有像……一样……的了”。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等
(2)比较级＋than＋
(3)can/could＋never/not＋be＋
[针对训练]　
?补全句子
①You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
过马路时，你越小心越好。
②In conclusion, we should be aware that nothing is more valuable than health.
总之，我们应该意识到没有什么比健康更有价值。
?一句多译
(2019·北京高考书面表达)它是中国最大的城市。
③It is larger than any other city in China.
④It is larger than all the other cities in China.
⑤It is the largest city in China.
4.can't have sb. doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”
　[教材原句]　He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！
用法规则 (1)have sb. doing sth.常用于否定句中，意为“允许某人做某事”；用于肯定句中时，意为“让某人一直做某事”时，强调动作的持续性(2)have sb. do sth.让某人做某事(3)have sth. done让/叫别人做某事；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；使某事完成(主语参与)(4)have sth. to do有事情要做(不定式作定语)
注意事项 该句型的关键在于明白have 的含义：(1)have是使役动词就要考虑have sb. doing; have sb. do; have sth. done(2)have是及物动词“有”含义时，就要考虑have sth. to do
[针对训练]　
?单句语法填空
①You can't have your air conditioner working (work) day and night, which is a waste of electricity.
②There is no need to worry about. I will have Tom pick (pick) you up at the airport.
③I intended to take up a part time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened (broaden)．
④(2020·浙江1月高考)She wished me to have my own library card to check (check) out books for myself.
?根据提示完成小片段
⑤Yesterday, Jack had his hair cut. However, when he returned home, he found he had his document stolen. He was very worried because his boss would have him work on weekends if he lost it.
昨天，杰克去理发了。但是，当他回到家时，他发现他的文件被偷了。他非常着急，因为如果他丢失了这份文件，他的老板会让他周末加班的。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)This struggle continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance.
2．(2020·天津7月高考)After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance — curiosity (curious) and discontent.
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight (weigh) to 180 pounds.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial (benefit) Vitamin D.
5．(2019·天津高考) With a broader perspective, we will be more free, more open minded, and less limited (limit) in what we can become!
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths (strong), your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)！”标语
词类活用 (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I？adj.苗条的
生词僻义 ①(2020·天津7月高考)Making a full length clay (黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！力气②(2017· 北京高考)Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons.宗教的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I hate lying to the kids. One day they'll wake up and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48 .
A．dream　　　　　　　　 B．lie
C．fantasy D．fact
解析：选B　根据空前一句中的“lying to the kids”和该句中的“discover”可知，有一天，他们会醒悟过来，发现他们一直知道的关于窗户的一切都是谎言(lie)，fantasy“幻想，想象”。
2．(2016·浙江10月高考)Then I asked him if he had 48 the amount of feed he had given the chickens.He was shocked.It was like he did not think anyone would ever know what he had done.After a long silence, he said yes.He thought he would make more money if he gave them less food.I asked him, “Did you fool the chickens？”
A．balanced　　　　　　 B．checked out
C．cut down D．measured
解析：选C　根据下文中的“gave them less food”可知，此处表示“我问他是否减少了鸡的饲料量”。balance“平衡”；check out“检查”；cut down“减少，削减”；measure“测量，度量”。
3．(2015·天津高考)My fiancé (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home.But our funds were 16 ， and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
A．needed B．limited
C．enough D．large
解析：选B　根据空后的“none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory”可知，在我们能支付的价格范围内没有一所房子令人满意，故我们的资金有限。limited“有限的”，符合语境。needed“需要的”；enough“足够的”；large“大的”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)她是我们学校最好的老师之一。当我们有问题时，我们总会向她请教。(consult)
She is one of the best teachers in our school. When we have a problem, we will consult her about it.
2．(2020·浙江1月高考写作)如果你有时间和热情的话，请通过邮件报名参加。(sign up for)
If you are available and have the eagerness, please sign up for it by e mail.
3．(2019·浙江6月高考写作)培养自信和快乐的孩子的最好方法就是发现他们的长处并表扬他们。(strength)
The best way to raise confident and happy kids is to find their strengths and praise them.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)希望这些建议对你有很大帮助。(benefit)
Hopefully, these suggestions would be of great benefit to you.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①cook　　 □
②limit □
③protect □
④digest □
⑤absorb □　　　
⑥raw　　　 □
⑦protein □
⑧muscle □
⑨energy □
⑩custom □　　　
discount　　　 □
health □
weakness □
cut down □
break down □　　　
suffer from　　　　　　　 □
do harm to □
put on weight □
go on a diet □
build up one's strength □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness (缺点)．
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest (消化) milk as adults.
3．The body is made up primarily of bone, muscle (肌肉), and fat.
4．Fish is a rich source of protein (蛋白质)．
5．We import raw (未加工的) materials and energy and export mainly industrial products.
6．Motorists should observe the speed limit (限制). Otherwise they will be fined.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy (health)．
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Modern women are energetic (energy), ambitious, and most of all, persistent in pursuit of their goals.
3．The high prices have frightened off many customers (custom)．
4．News came that all goods in this store would be sold at a discount.
5．Don't put too much pressure on students. If they carry on working like that, they will break down sooner or later.
6．Cut down on fatty foods and alcohol if you want to lose weight.
7．WHO therefore recommends, for COVID 19, a series of protective (protect) measures aimed at preventing human infections in persons at high risk of exposure.
8．If you keep on eating the junk food, you will put on weight very soon.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．With the development of social economy, more and more people pay attention to their health and going on a diet becomes extremely popular.
随着社会经济的发展，越来越多的人关注他们的健康，节食也变得极其受欢迎。
2．As far as I'm concerned, we should develop a healthy eating habit to build up our strength.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study.
我认为，为了增强体质，我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯来强身健体。只有这样我们才能有足够的精力学习。
3．The majority of people take in too much fat and not enough fibre, which does great harm to their health.
大多数人摄入的脂肪太多，纤维不足，这对他们的健康很有害。
4．With the improvement of the living standards, more and more people, especially children, are suffering from obesity.
随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的人，尤其是孩子，正在饱受肥胖之苦。
[单元主题语篇训练]　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn't long for a favorite Chinese dish But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one's well being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach (菠菜), are seen as “hot”， while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes (小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual's health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick me up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of pig brain soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you are looking for.
语篇解读：本文主要对中国的滋补食物进行了简要的介绍。
1．What is the present situation of tonic food
A．It is catching less attention.
B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well known worldwide.
D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，目前滋补食物不再受到追捧。故选A。
2．What is believed to benefit new mothers
A．Chinese cabbage.　　　 B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil hotpot. D．Pig brain soup.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，人们认为麻油闷罐对新妈妈有益。
3．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant.
C．Education. D．Fashion.
解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可推知，滋补食物对餐饮业有一定的影响，故“catering”与restaurant意思相近。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Charm of Chinese Cuisine
B．The Popularity of Tonic Food
C．An Introduction to Chinese Tonic Food
D．Differences Between Hot Food and Cold Food
解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要对中国的滋补食物进行了简要的介绍。
B
(2021·浙江1月高考)At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”， quickly followed by “I'm hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent accompanied walks.Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning — running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones — but it's certainly worth trying.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今，在澳大利亚的孩子们体育活动量减少，文章分析了造成这种情况的原因。作者通过自己与儿子散步的经历呼吁父母和孩子要多在一起进行体育锻炼。
5．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A．To make comparisons.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument.
D．To provide examples.
解析：选B　推理判断题。文章第一段借沃特金斯对未来生活的预测“人每天都要走10英里”是错误的引出话题，孩子走路步数越来越少。
6．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A．Plain laziness.　　　　 B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time. D．Security concerns.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是第二句中“Families are pressed for time”可知，澳大利亚的孩子体育活动减少的原因是缺乏时间。
7．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A．She can get relaxed after work.
B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study.
D．She can know her son better.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第五段中“I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.”可知，作者发现和儿子一起散步可以听到儿子的一些事情，这样可以更好地了解儿子，因此作者觉得和儿子一起散步是值得的。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Nowadays fewer students take exercise due to various reason and some students fall ill every now and then because of they are not healthy or strong enough.However, we should take exercise regularly to improve our health.
First of all, taking PE classes seriously.In PE classes we can build up our bodies with the careful guidance of PE teachers.Secondly, it is of great important to make it a routine to exercise after class or during breaks.In addition, it was also a good idea to join a sports club that you are interested.
As the old saying go, “The first wealth is health.” Let's do more exercise to live a better and healthy life.
答案：第一句：reason→reasons; 去掉of
第二句：However→Therefore/Thus
第三句：taking→take
第四句：with→under
第五句：important→importance
第六句：was→is; interested后加in
第七句：go→goes
第八句：healthy→healthier
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你校的英国交流生Tom写邮件想向你了解一下中国的太极拳，希望自己能够在不久的将来参加这方面的社团，加强体育锻炼。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．表示乐意交流；
2．简要介绍太极拳；
3．希望一起锻炼，强身健体。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：太极拳tai chi
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
Glad to learn that as an exchange student, you'd like to join our school's society concerning tai chi in the future to build up your body.
As a martial art and specifically as a defensive art in China, tai chi enjoys a long history. However, nowadays it is popularly practiced mostly because of its miraculous effects on humans' health. It features that a series of slow movements are aimed at training us physically and mentally, just like a dance, combining the body's movements with the calm mind.
I'd like to join you to do exercise to have a strong body.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
21Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．pavement n．　　　　　　　 人行道
2．passage n. 船费(包括食宿)；
通道；(一)段
3．charity n. 慈善(团体)；施舍
4．barber n. 理发师
5．scream vi. 尖声叫
n. 尖叫声；喊叫声
6．genuine adj. 真的；真诚的
7．bow vi.& n. 鞠躬；弯腰
8．fake n. 假货；欺骗
adj. 假的
第二组：写其形
1．wander vi. 漫游；漫步；漂泊
2．envelope n. 信封
3．scene n. (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
4．spot vt. 发现；认出
n. 斑点；污点；地点
5．account vi.& vt. 认为；说明；总计有
n. 说明；理由；计算；账目
6．seek vt.& vi. 寻找；探索；寻求
7．contrary n. 反面；对立面
adj. 相反的；相违的
8．manner n. 礼貌；举止；方式
9．indeed adv. 真正地；确实；实在
10．stare vi. 凝视；盯着看
11．fault n. 过错；缺点；故障
12．amount n. 数量
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．novel n．小说；长篇故事adj.新奇的；异常的→novelist n．小说家
2．adventure n．奇遇；冒险→adventurous adj.冒险的
3．permit vt.& vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照→permission n．许可；允许
4．patience n．耐性；忍耐→patient adj.能忍耐的；有耐心的n.病人；患者→patiently adv.耐心地；有毅力地
5．unbelievable adj.难以置信的→believable adj.可信的→belief n．信念；信仰→believe v．相信
6．rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudely adv.粗鲁地→rudeness n．粗鲁
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．bring up　　 　　 抚养；培养；教育；提出
2．stare at 凝视；盯着看
3．account for 是……的原因；解释；占……比例
4．on the contrary 与此相反；正相反
5．go ahead 前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说；开始做
6．by accident 偶然；无意中；不小心
7．a large amount of 许多；大量
8．take a chance 冒险
9．in rags 衣衫褴褛
10．as for 关于；至于
11．from the bottom of one's heart 发自内心
12．make a bet 打赌
13．on the scene 在现场
14．find fault with 吹毛求疵；找毛病
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构
悟原句 Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
背佳句 Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams, I found myself on the point of giving up totally.
2．“It is/was ...that ...”强调句型
悟原句 And it was the ship that brought you to England.
背佳句 (2020·江苏高考)But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
3．whenever引导让步状语从句
悟原句 Indeed, sir, I hope you'll come here whenever you like.
背佳句 (2020·浙江1月高考)The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world.
1.“真正，确实”家族
①indeed adv. 真正地；确实
②real adj. 真实的
③truly adv. 真正地
④genuine adj. 真的；真诚的
⑤sincere adj. 真诚的；诚挚的
sincerely adv. 真心实意地
2.“允许”与“禁止”聚焦
①permit v．& n． 允许
②permission n. 允许；许可
③allow vt. 允许
④forbid vt. 禁止
⑤ban vt.& n. 禁止；禁令
⑥prohibit vt. 禁止
3.“v.＋for”高频短语全扫描
①account for 解释
②apply for 申请
③call for 要求；需要
④care for 照看；照料
⑤answer for 负责
⑥arrange for 安排
4.“take a(n)＋n.”大盘点
①take a chance　 冒险
②take a break 休息一下
③take a seat 就座
④take a shower 淋浴；洗澡
⑤take an exam 参加考试
⑥take an example 举例；示范
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Good manners (manner) are a very important key to your social success.
2．Although the patient was out of patience, the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently.(patience)
3．It was rude of you to hurt his pride last night, so you must offer him an apology for your rudeness.(rude)
4．He is the most believable person, but on the other hand, how unbelievable it is that he should believe in the liar.(believe)
5．As we all know, Mo Yan, a famous novelist, won Nobel Literature Prize and wrote many excellent novels.(novel)
6．Lucy, a young girl from America, is fond of adventure.Her adventurous experience is unbelievable.(adventure)
7．I will come after the meeting if time permits, but I should ask for my headmaster's permission first.(permit)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．It was rude of you to say that to your father just now.
2．The manager brought up the issue again at the meeting.
3．I saw a man in rags walking about in the street.
4．I enjoy swimming.But as for my sister, she enjoys playing tennis.
5．Reporters soon came on the scene after the accident.
6．He seems to be giving the impression that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris.On the contrary, he had a wonderful time.
7．He could not account for his absence from school, so the teacher phoned his parents.
8．A lot of famous scientists made some amazing discoveries by accident while they were actually looking for something else.
9．He can find fault with the goods even if he is quite satisfied with them.
10．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．stare at/glance at/glare at
①The audience stared at him when he played the magic tricks on the stage.
②I didn't know why she glanced at her watch and left in a hurry.
③The mother was trembling with anger.She glared at her son and said nothing.
2．bring up/bring down
①The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
②If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius, they are kind of one sided.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．You can't fault them for lack of invention. 批评
2．If this offer is genuine, I will gladly accept it. 真诚的
3．It's not a novel idea to open a Chinese restaurant in a foreign country. 新奇的
4．I'm sorry, but my mind was wandering.What did you say？ 走神
5．My father couldn't afford the passage to America. 船费
6．①It's bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 礼貌；礼仪
②The issue has been settled in a manner that is fair to both sides. 方式；方法
③Her manner towards him seems to have changed. 举止；态度
④He bought a book about the life and manners of Victorian London. 规矩；习俗
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．(2020·天津7月高考)总统看上去好像很认真地考虑她的想法。(seem to do)
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously.
2．(2019·北京高考)就像在拔河比赛中，每当有人加入时，其他人都会用较小的力量拉绳子。(whenever)
Just as in a game of tug of war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
3．直到她把墨镜摘下来我才意识到她是一个著名的电影明星。(It is/was ...that ...强调句型)
It was not until when she took off her sunglasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
4．我们转过身来时，发现一个小女孩在湖中挣扎，大声呼救。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
We turned around and found a girl struggling in the lake, crying for help.
1．scene n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
　?单句语法填空
①(2020·天津5月高考)Most kids want superheroes, sports team logos or princesses, while babies often receive scenes (scene) with flowers, trees and sea creatures.
②The firefighters were on the scene within minutes of being called.
?补全句子
③The hall was full of fans before the star appeared/came on the scene.
在这个明星出场之前，大厅里挤满了他的粉丝。
④Arriving at the top of the hill, we were faced by a most impressive scene.
到达山顶时，呈现在我们面前的是一片令人惊叹的景色。
?句式升级
⑤On receiving the call, the police rushed to the scene. There a traffic accident happened.
→The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene, where/in which a traffic accident happened.(定语从句)
[归纳法记牢]
on the scene　　　　　　　　 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后；在后台
appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
[名师指津]　 scene有“场景；场面；地点”的含义，后接定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，一般用关系副词where或in which来引导(如句⑤升级后句子)。
2．permit vt.& vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照
(1)permit sb. to do sth.　　　　　 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)a driving permit 驾驶执照
(3)permission n. [U] 允许；许可；批准
with/without permission 得到允许/未经允许
ask for permission 请求许可
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏高考)People need permission (permit) to be funny in social settings because there's always a risk that comes with humor.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The government has already permitted the company to use (use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.
③The owner doesn't permit parking (park) cars in front of the shop.
?一句多译
时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间与朋友在一起度过，以便于提升我们的友谊。
④If time permits, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(条件状语从句)
⑤Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(独立主格结构)
[联想发散]　动词permit 的常见用法为：permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，有类似用法的动词还有：
①allow doing sth./sb. to do sth.　　　 允许(某人)做某事
②forbid doing sth./sb. to do sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
③advise doing sth./sb. to do sth. 建议(某人)做某事
④encourage doing sth./sb. to do sth. 鼓励(某人)做某事
3．spot vt.发现；认出；点缀n.斑点；污点；地点
　?单句语法填空
①On the way, we spotted a man holding (hold) a piece of paper that said，“Lost my job.Family to feed.”
②He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him.
③His shirt was spotted with oil.
?补全句子
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Not only will all kinds of paper cutting works be on display, but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.
不仅将要展出各种剪纸作品，工匠们还将在现场向参观者展示如何将纸剪成各种形状。
[归纳法记牢]
spot sb. doing sth.　　　　　　 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with 散布；点缀
on the spot/scene 当场；到/在现场
4．account vi.&vt.认为；说明；总计有n.说明；理由；计算；账目；报道
　(1)account for 解释；说明(……的原因)；占……(比例)
(2)on account of (＝because of)　　　　 由于；因为
on no account (＝in no way) 决不
考虑……
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏高考) In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.
②The flight was postponed on account of bad weather.
?补全句子
③(2019·天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
那位教授告诫这些学生们，在他的课堂上绝对不能使用手机。
④(2019·北京高考书面表达) I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.
我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。
[名师指津]　 on no account意为“决不”，放在句首时常用部分倒装(如句③)，有类似用法的还有：by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等。
5．manner n．举止；方式；方法；态度；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪；习俗
　?单句语法填空
①The work should have been done in a more satisfactory manner.
②It's bad manners (manner) to break in while others are speaking.
?翻译句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)下面是你在中国如何注意餐桌礼仪的一些建议。
The following are my suggestions on how to mind your table manners in China.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)in a ...manner　　　　　 以……的方式
(2)It's bad/good manners to do sth. 做……是没有/有礼貌的
(3)table manners 餐桌礼仪
[名师指津]　当manner意为“方式；方法；举止；态度”时，常用单数形式；当它意为“礼貌；礼仪；习俗”时，常用复数形式(如句②)。
1．bring up培养；抚养；养育；教育；提出；呕吐　
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中bring up的含义①Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.教育②He brought up a practical plan at the meeting，which brought down the cost of production.提出③He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight.呕吐④Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to fit in in the countryside.抚养
理明白 bring about　 　 引起；产生；导致；带来bring sth. back 使某物恢复；带回某物；使想起某事bring down 让……降下来；使倒下bring in 引入；赚(钱)bring out 使显现出；取出；阐明；出版
[针对训练]　用bring的相关短语填空
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
⑥Many people are beginning to reflect on why we pay so much to study abroad and what kind of consequences it will bring about.
⑦(2017·江苏高考)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.
⑧This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of my high school days.
2．take a chance冒险；碰运气
by chance＝by accident　　　　　 　 　 偶然；碰巧
(The) chances are that ... 有可能……
There is a chance that ... 有可能……
have a chance to do sth./of doing sth. 有机会做某事
take a chance/chances to do sth.冒险做某事；做某事碰运气
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①You should never take a chance when driving a car.
②By chance/accident, he found the place where his brother had hidden the treasure.
③(2019·北京高考) You may have chances to meet (meet) new people who'll become your lifelong friends.
④The player is under good treatment and the chances are that he will recover from his injury in time for the next game.
?补全句子
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective as well as improve my spoken English.
我很珍惜这个机会来拓宽我的视野，提高我的英语口语。
3．find＋宾语＋宾补
　[教材原句]　Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
嗯，傍晚时分我发现自己被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
[用法规则]
(1)find oneself ...“发现自己处于某种状况中”，而且含有一种“在不知不觉中……”的意思。
(2)find后接复合宾语时常用以下形式：
(3)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do (it是形式宾语， to do是真正的宾语)
[针对训练]　
?单句语法填空
①He hurried back to the company, only to find the door closed (close)．
②(2019·天津高考)I often found myself telling (tell) my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
?补全句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I find myself interested in playing badminton, for it doesn't cost me too much strength and time.
我发现自己对打羽毛球很感兴趣，因为这不会花费我太多的力气和时间。
④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Frankly speaking, maybe you'll find it difficult to learn Tang poems by yourself.
坦率地说，也许你会发现自己学唐诗很难。
4．It is/was ... that/who ...强调句型
　[教材原句]　And it was the ship that brought you to England.
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
用法规则 (1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？(4)not ... until ...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until ... that ...
注意事项 (1)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，句子完整，则为强调句。(2)强调句型用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分，不能强调谓语。被强调部分是人时，可以用who或that，其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后谓语动词应与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
[针对训练]　
?补全句子
①What was it that made his parents so happy
是什么使他父母这么高兴？
②It's the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for.
英国朋友们追求的是中国文化。
③Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry
是不是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯老师才生气的？
?句型转换
④She didn't mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.(用强调句型改写)
→It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
⑤I firmly believe that with your generous help I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.(强调黑体部分)
→It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) She always talks to us patiently (patience) and helps us find a solution.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted (spot) two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.
3．(2020·浙江1月高考) Then she became so excited that she accidentally (accident) knocked over the box in an attempt to get closer.
4．(2019·浙江6月高考)They held large concerts and performed at clubs.They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.
5．(2019·天津高考)If you fail to check out in this manner，the staff will hold an inspection in your absence and assess whether any payment is required.
6．(2018·天津高考)A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
7．(2018·江苏高考)It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission (permit)．
8．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2017·天津高考)During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.走神②(2015·陕西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally.发现
词类活用 ①(2017·浙江6月高考)At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million ...总计②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.n.尖叫
生词僻义 ①(2019·江苏高考)Explore the heights with Go Ape，the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Poole's Cavern.探险②(2015·福建高考)One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault finder.However, life can be great when you are not busy finding fault with it.吹毛求疵的人
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) ... and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, “What if it isn't a door？”
A．get hold of B．stare at
C．knock on D．make use of
解析：选B　根据语境可知，他们仅仅是盯着(stare at)这扇门在犹豫而不是打开它，抓住机会。
2．(2020·浙江7月高考)One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land.
A．dropped B．spotted
C．carried D．returned
解析：选B　根据语境可知，一天早上，“我”发现了一头迷路的羔羊，故选B项。spot“发现，看见”。
3．(2017·江苏高考)However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school's standard curriculum, he was playing idly (随意地) on the piano and found it easy to pick out tunes.With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually enjoyed doing it.He tried to hide his obvious pleasure from the music teacher, who had 45 over to listen.
A．run B．jogged
C．jumped D．wandered
解析：选D　音乐老师已经踱步到了他的面前来听他弹奏。wander“漫步，徘徊，闲逛”，符合句意。
4．(2019·天津高考) Simon, a seven year old boy in an African Children's Home, couldn't sleep at night after he lost his parents.When asked to choose his “buddies”， Simon 28 a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night.I never dreamed Cuddle Buddies would work this way.
A．picked out　　　　 B．came across
C．showed off D．brought up
解析：选A　根据“When asked to choose his ‘buddies’”可知，Simon被要求选择时挑选了一个熊猫玩具，pick out“挑出”；come across“偶然遇见”；show off“炫耀”；bring up“提出；抚养”。故选A。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·天津高考书面表达) 最后但同样重要的是，我真诚地希望你能认真考虑我的建议，并祝你在我们学校的旅途愉快。(account)
Last but not least, I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account seriously and wish you a wonderful trip to our school.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) 至于我，我对篮球感兴趣，因为它给了我面对生活中的挑战的力量。(as for)
As for me, I'm interested in basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我们学校有一个大的体育馆，无论什么时候我有时间就去那儿锻炼。(whenever)
Our school has a big gymnasium, and I will go there for exercise whenever I have time.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)此外，一些著名艺术家将会现场表演如何剪纸。(spot)
In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①permit　　 □
②translate □
③reflect □
④novel □
⑤vivid □　　　
⑥original　　　 □
⑦appreciate □
⑧unbelievable □
⑨indeed □
⑩comment □　　　
patience　 　 □
birthplace □
adventure □
author □
inspiration □　　　
description　　　　　　 □
be set in □
adapt ... from □
make comments on □
have an influence on □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It's about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author (作者) and reader.
2．It is unbelievable (难以置信) that as a result of this narrow mindedness a group of people should suffer.
3．Almost everybody knows the proverb: A friend in need is a friend indeed (真正地)．
4．England has been the birthplace (发源地) of most of the great English language theater written throughout history.
5．She came up with a novel (新奇的) solution to the problem at the meeting.
6．The phrase “adventure (冒险) travel” might be a new term for some people, but its popularity is on the increase worldwide.
7．Please accept this gift in appreciation (感激) of all you've done for us.
8．The film vividly (生动地) reflects the life of the college students.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)The last COVID 19 patient (patience) in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.
2．If we love life we will never run out of our inspirations (inspire)．
3．The description (describe) which he had been given was brief and to the point.
4．It is not the story itself but what is reflected (reflect) in the story that counts.
5．I think you should go back to your original (origin) plan.
6．It is assumed that this is the best possible translation (translate).
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Would you make comments on our women's garments in current design
您对我们流行女装款式有何评论？
2．This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
据说这部新影片是根据简·奥斯汀的一本小说改编的。
3．A child receives its early education at home.A well educated mother will have a great influence on her child's future.
孩子在家里接受早期教育。一个受过良好教育的母亲会对她孩子的未来有很大的影响。
4．This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.
这篇演说需要放到20世纪60年代的英国这一背景之下来看待。
[单元主题语篇训练]　
A
I started reading Shakespeare when I was nine, after my grandfather, an actor, sent me a copy of Romeo and Juliet.The story and the language attracted me.I found out about Shakespeare Globe Centre New Zealand (SGCNZ) and started volunteering for it when I was about 10.When I was 13, I managed to run a film project with SGCNZ.
I'm home educated and a part time correspondence student (函授生) as well.We have a drama group made up of quite a few people who are also home educated.I've also joined Wellington Young Actors, a youth theatre company.There are many similarities and differences between being home educated and attending a five day program.I love hearing other students' reactions when meeting them and share my different ways of experiencing the world with them.While explaining the way I learn can be a challenge, I love helping people to understand there isn't just one way of learning.
Being home educated has offered me the freedom to have an individualized education and to pursue my passions.My education has always been about making those focuses but I do lots of the same things as people who attend five day programs do.Shakespeare is a great approach to lots of things around English, history and the arts.I think something you learn when you perform is connection.You have to have a connection with your fellow actors, with the audience and with Shakespeare.I learn this from actually being on stage and from taking part in different Shakespeare festival programs.
I believe it's the emotion in Shakespeare that makes it relevant today.You can be reading something that was written 400 years ago and be able to see parts of your life in the work as it shows you how to understand the world and explore a lot of different ideas.
语篇解读：我喜欢莎士比亚的作品，它们让我学会用不同的方式理解这个世界，并懂得如何更好地与人相处。
1．What does the underlined part “a five day program” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．A film project.　　　 B．A reading activity.
C．School education. D．Stage performance.
解析：选 C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“There are many similarities and differences ...when meeting them”可知，a five day program与being home educated之间有同有异，且通过前者，作者可以接触到其他学生，故可推知，该短语指的是学校教育。
2．Why does the author choose home education
A．To be different from others.
B．To better focus on his passions.
C．To enjoy more personal freedom.
D．To improve his academic performance.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Being home educated ...to pursue my passions.”可知，在家接受教育给了作者接受个性化教育的自由，让作者可以追求自己热爱的事物。
3．What do we know about the author
A．A famous young actor.
B．A loyal program volunteer.
C．A home education writer.
D．A devoted Shakespeare lover.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第三段中的“I learn this from actually being on stage and ...”可知，作者从小阅读莎士比亚的作品，并且通过舞台表演和参加不同的莎士比亚戏剧节的节目学到要与周围的人保持联系。由此可知，作者对莎士比亚的作品非常喜爱。
B
(2021·成都诊断)Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.
The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children, and for writing books for young people that covered different subjects. “Myers has written about all those subjects with deep understanding and a hard won, qualified sense of hope，” said Leonard S. Marcus in 2008.
He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence Dean and Herbert after his mother died while giving birth to his younger sister. They loved him very much and his mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.
He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him. “It's what you do，” she said.
He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service, he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.
In an essay published in The New York Times earlier this year, Myers described how a short story by James Arthur Baldwin helped change the course of his life. “I didn't love the story, but I was lifted by it，” he wrote, “for it took place in Harlem, and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. By humanizing the people who were like me, Baldwin's story also humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didn't know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”
“I write books or the troubled boy I once was，” he wrote, “and for the boy who lives within me still.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家Walter Dean Myers的生平。
4．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A．How popular Myers was.
B．How Myers became successful.
C．What makes Myers' works popular.
D．What people think of Myers' works.
解析：选C　段落大意题。通读该段可知，该段首句“The prolific author ... covered different subjects”为该段主题句，结合该段其他内容可知，这位多产的作家因其对非裔美国儿童生活的生动描述，以及为年轻人写的涉及不同话题的书籍而深受喜爱。由此可知，该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故C项正确。
5．Who discovered Myers' writing talent
A．James Arthur Baldwin.
B．His mother.
C．Leonard S. Marcus.
D．One of his teachers.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，他在高中时写作就很好，一位英语老师认识到这一点并建议他无论发生什么事都要坚持写下去。据此可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位英语老师发现的，故D项正确。
6．What does the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Productive.　　　　　　 B．Unfortunate.
C．Conservative. D．Humorous.
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，Walter Dean Myers写了100多本儿童和年轻人的读物，并获得了许多最高奖项。由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家。productive意为“多产的”，故A项正确。B项意为“不幸的”，C项意为“守旧的”，D项意为“幽默的”，都与语境不符。
7．Why was the short story by James Arthur Baldwin so important for Myers
A．It helped him survive the dark period.
B．It inspired him to pursue his writing career.
C．He learned many writing techniques from it.
D．The author of the story permitted him to write.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“how a short story ... the course of his life”以及最后一句可知，Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求他自己的写作事业，故B项正确。
C
(2021·石家庄模拟)Coca Cola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced that it wants to “help fix the world's plastic waste problem one community (社区) at a time”．
The soda giant is doing so by providing 5.4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve recycling rates.
“We focus on areas where we have the ability to make the biggest influence on communities through the funding and expert skills of Coca Cola employees，” Carlos Pagoaga, Coca Cola's group director of community partnerships, said in a statement. “In each city, local partners will work together to identify barriers to recycling on a local level and test a range of solutions，” he added. “We hope the learning from these ‘model markets’ can offer solutions to other cities facing similar challenges.”
As part of the effort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the Coca Cola company's headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and can't recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.
“Two of the most urgent problems with recycling in the U. S. today are lack of access and the pollution in recycling，” Keefe Harrison, CEO of The Recycling Partnership, said in a statement. “We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.”
Last year, Coca Cola announced its task to collect and reuse a bottle or can for each one it sells, and increase the amount of its products out of recycled materials to 50% by 2030. It also aims to make all its packaging fully recyclable by 2025.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。可口可乐公司宣布将帮助解决世界上的塑料垃圾问题，该公司将联合其他组织一起实施塑料垃圾回收利用计划。
8．What does Coca Cola company intend to do in the program
A．Produce less packaging.
B．Help deal with plastic waste.
C．Pick up waste in communities.
D．Build a plant to recycle plastic waste.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Coca Cola ... announced that it wants to ‘help fix the world's plastic waste problem one community (社区) at a time’．”可知，可口可乐公司计划帮助解决塑料垃圾问题，故B项正确。
9．What's Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How Coca Cola conducts its program.
B．What organizations participate in the program.
C．How Coca Cola chooses cities for the program.
D．What the local people do in Coca Cola's program.
解析：选A　段落大意题。阅读第二段内容可知，该段主要介绍了可口可乐公司实施该计划的过程：给各大城市的回收利用项目提供资金，这些城市的合作伙伴收到资金后将一起合作来提高回收利用率，故A项正确。
10．What do street teams do to help
A．Sort out all kinds of waste in the city.
B．Look into the cause of pollution.
C．Instruct local people what to recycle.
D．Hand cards to the locals in person.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“will send street teams ... informing them what they can and can't recycle, and let them know how their efforts work”可知，街道队伍帮助指导当地市民要回收利用什么样的垃圾，故C项正确。
11．What does Keefe Harrison think of the program
A．Promising.　　　　　　　 B．Difficult.
C．Pioneering. D．Costly.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.”可推知，他认为该项目是有希望的；A项意为“有前途的，有希望的”，故A项正确。
tips 如何正确推断隐含意义
对隐含意义的推断在阅读理解题中难度较大。命题者要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，进行合乎情理的推理与判断，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层含义。对隐含意义的推测属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解，考生在做这类题时，一定要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词句，然后利用相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
解此类题时，要特别注意对关键词、短语以及句子的把握，它们往往隐藏着深层的意思。
例如上文第11题，根据题干中的Keefe Harrison可定位第五段最后一句“We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.”，进一步分析语言信息，可知本句中的关键词是success，其隐含意义是，他认为该项目是有希望的。
　　　
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21Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．fundamental adj. 　　　　　　 基本的；基础的
2．chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链
3．dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散
4．acid n. 酸
5．multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加
6．gravity n. 万有引力；重力
7．extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的
8．exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽
9．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星
10．spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
第二组：写其形
1．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛
2．solar adj. 太阳的；日光的
3．thus adv. 因此；于是
4．gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的
5．climate n. 气候
6．crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落
7．pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
8．float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
9．system n. 系统；体系；制度
10．theory n. 学说；理论
11．physicist n. 物理学家
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．reaction n．反应；回应→react v．反应
2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地
3．unlike prep.与……不同；不像→like vt.喜欢prep.像n.爱好→dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌n.不喜欢的事物→likely adj.可能的
4．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．& vt.伤害→harmless adj.无害的
5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
6．puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的
7．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的
8．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家→biological adj.生物的
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．in time 及时；终于
2．lay eggs 下蛋
3．give birth to 产生；分娩
4．in one's turn 轮到某人
5．watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防
6．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
7．depend on 依靠；取决于
8．break out 突发；爆发
9．prevent ...from 阻止；制止
10．block out 挡住(光线)
11．get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
12．now that 既然
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．动词＋it＋adj./n.＋to do
悟原句 This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
背佳句 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) I think it a good idea to bring a small gift when we attend a dinner party.
2．倍数表达法：倍数＋as ...as ...
悟原句 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
背佳句 Li Ping devoted three times as much time and energy as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.
3．形容词作伴随状语
悟原句 We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.
背佳句 After two hours' volunteer work in the community, we came home, tired and hungry.
1.“推，拉”家族
①pull n．& vt. 　　　　 拉(力)；拖
②draw vt.& vi. 拖，拉
③drag vt.& n． 拖，拉，拽
④push v．& n． 推，推动(力)
2.有关“太空”的高频词集锦
①gravity n．　 万有引力
②astronomy n. 天文学
③satellite n. 卫星
④spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
⑤orbit n. 轨道
⑥astronaut n. 宇航员
⑦universe n. 宇宙
⑧launch vt. 发射
3.后缀 ist名词集合
①biologist　 生物学家
②physicist 物理学家
③tourist 旅游者；游客
④scientist 科学家
⑤psychologist 心理学家
⑥violinist 小提琴家
4.“动词＋out”短语荟萃
①block out　 挡住(光线)
②break out 突发；爆发
③find out 查出；弄明白
④die out 灭绝
⑤put out 扑灭
⑥run out 用完
⑦let out 泄露
⑧come out 出版
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I could feel the wind gently (gentle) blowing through my hair and it was a warm summer breeze.
2．Some believe in the existence (exist) of life on Mars, while others consider it as a myth.
3．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)
4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom.(religion)
5．Since my younger brother is fond of biology, he is determined to become a biologist when he grows up.(biology)．
6．As is known to us, everyone has his likes and dislikes.My little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)
7．Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．Last night, Mrs.Green had a heart attack.But luckily, the doctor came in time to save her life.
2．(2020·浙江1月高考) “What should we do to cheer Poppy up？” asked Dad. “We've tried everything.”
3．The COVID 19 broke out which has meant an abrupt change in our life and work.
4．Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.
5．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in its turn.
6．Only by practising time and time again can you get the hang of the grammar rules.
7．She married at 25 and gave birth to her first child shortly after.
8．She bought a heavy curtain to block out the light.
9．Do remember to watch out for your behavior when visiting others.
10．The driver lost control of the car on slippery road and crashed into a truck.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．in turn/by turns
①All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
②The shop assistants had to have their days off by turns.
2．cheer up/cheer on
①The audience stood up to cheer on their team.
②When the professor turned up on the stage, all the students cheered up.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．The present system of funding for higher education is unsatisfactory. 体制
2．As we know, the economic climate remains uncertain. 形势
3．She hadn't chained her dog up, so it got killed on the main road. 用链条系住
4．We nearly exhausted our coal reserved for the winter, which worried me a lot. 耗尽
5．The idea was first floated in a speech given by the president a few months ago. 提出
6．(2020·浙江1月高考)The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year！ 十亿
7．(2020·江苏高考)Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. 理论
8．①It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory. 繁殖；增殖
②In maths class the children are already learning to multiply and divide. 乘；乘以
③Our problems have multiplied since last year. 迅速增加
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经成为事实。(what引导主语从句)
What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
2．这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。(动词＋it＋adj./n.＋to do)
The girl knows three foreign languages, which makes it easier for her to find a good job.
3．李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。 (倍数＋as ...as ...)
Li Ming's mobile phone looked the same as Zhang Hua's, but it cost twice as much as his.
4．长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。(形容词作伴随状语)
After the long journey, the three of us went back home, hungry and tired.
1．harmful adj.有害的
　?单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful (harm) chemicals in groundwater.
②(2020·天津5月高考)Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming (harm) the planet.
③These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.
?一句多译
众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
④What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health.(harmful)
⑤It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to our health.(harm n．)
[归纳法记牢]
(1)be harmful to sb./sth.　　　　　 对某人/某物有害
对某人有害
做某事没有坏处
2．exist vi.存在；生存
(1)exist in　　　　　　　　　 存在于……之中
exist on (＝live on) sth. 靠某物生存
there exist(s) ... 有……；存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
(3)existing adj. 现存的；现行的
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．
②You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he is earning.
?补全句子
③The parking place for bikes was an existing problem for a long time in our school.
在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。
④As is known to us, there exists a generation gap between the young and the old.
众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。
[名师指津]　 exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
3．puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)困惑n.谜；难题
(1)puzzle about/over　　　 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；感到困惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
(4)puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)
②She lost heart when she failed the exam, because her future was puzzling (puzzle)．
③People have long puzzled over/about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
?补全句子
④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)You will be puzzled about their meanings if you don't learn about the background of these Tang poems.
如果你不了解这些唐诗的写作背景，你可能会对它们的含义感到很困惑。
[名师指津]　puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等以 ed结尾的形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile, feeling, appearance, cry, face (表情), voice, mood, look (表情), eye (眼神)等表示某人情感状况的名词。
1．in time及时；终于；迟早
(1)in time for ...　　　　　 刚好赶上……
in time to do sth. 及时做某事
(2)in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
at one time 曾经；一度
at the same time 同时
at times 有时；偶尔
from time to time 有时；偶尔
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.
②Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time.
③We reached on the top of Mount Tai, just in time to enjoy (enjoy) the rising sun.
?句式升级
④In my view, you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble.
→In my view, at no time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble.(倒装句)
?补全句子
⑤As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will，there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time.
常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。
[名师指津]　(1)in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。(2)in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.(如句③)。
2．in one's turn轮到某人；接着
in turn　　　　　　　　　　　 依次；相应地；反过来
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that ... 结果是……
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①Now that we have finished the design, it is in their turn to construct.
②At the meeting they took turns to put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.
③The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.
?补全句子
④People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which in turn creates more problems.
人们试图使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。
3．cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
　?单句语法填空
①Cheer Mary up, and things will work out for the best.
②(2016·天津高考)Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.
?补全句子
③I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!
我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！
④All her family and her friends come to the game and cheer for her.
她所有的家人和朋友都来参加这个比赛并为她欢呼。
[归纳法记牢]
cheer sb.up　　　　 使某人振作起来
cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油
cheer for 为……喝彩叫好/鼓劲加油
4．make it＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do
　[教材原句]　This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
用法规则 (1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find, feel等。
注意事项 在习惯用法中，hate, like, love, appreciate, enjoy, take, have后常先接it再接由if或when等引导的从句。
[针对训练]　
?单句语法填空
①(2018·北京高考书面表达) I explained every step of the process in detail, which made it possible for them to understand (understand) how to make tea.
②Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
③I considered it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.
?补全句子
④My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.
我的英语还可以，我学习中的两个主要问题是我觉得用心学习单词很难，而且我经常在说英语的时候感到紧张。
5．倍数表达法
　[教材原句]　But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
用法规则 倍数表达法的常见结构：倍数( ... times)
注意事项 (1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达。
[针对训练]　
?单句语法填空
①The red ruler is three times as long (long) as the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times the length (long) of the yellow one.
?补全句子
②The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Our new school stadium covers an area of about 400 square meters, which is three times the size of the old one.
我们学校的新体育馆占地面积约400平方米，是旧体育馆的三倍大。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan's village.　
2．(2020·江苏高考)The health security systems (system) of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation.
3．(2020·江苏高考)Success depends fundamentally (fundamental) on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
4．(2019·北京高考) A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing (exist) relationships.
5．(2019·北京高考)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.He was shaking violently (violent)．
7．(2017·浙江6月高考)Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
8．(2016·浙江6月高考)If we know that gossip can be harmful (harm), then why do so many of us do it
9．(2016·天津高考)I began to learn this when I had my car crashed (crash)．
10．(2015·浙江高考)If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to float (float) on the sea
11．(2015·四川高考)So one day, just to see what she would do, I gently (gentle) placed one on top of the groundhog's head.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2020·天津7月高考)The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.温柔的②(2018·北京高考)However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.暴力的
词类活用 ①(2017·天津高考) They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.n.撞车②(2017·江苏高考)His not for profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.adj.漂浮的；流动的
生词僻义 ①(2020·天津7月高考)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.氛围②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.提出
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考) He has recently made a significant discovery — loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 17 in a clever way.
A．experienced　　　　　　　 B．suffered
C．prevented D．felt
解析：选C　根据上文可知，it指代孤独所造成的社会问题，再结合空后的“in a clever way”可知，应该选C项，表明这种情况是可以预防(prevented)的。
2．(2020·浙江1月高考)I took advantage of my brief freedom to dash across the lawn (草坪)— and hit a large maple tree ...Mom always adds here that, as many times as I zoomed across the lawn after that, I never again 45 into that tree.
A．crashed B．broke
C．climbed D．looked
解析：选A　根据上文的“hit a large maple tree”“never again”和下文的“into that tree”可知，有了这次经历之后，作者再也没有撞到那棵树上。crash into sth.意为“撞上某物”。
3．(2019·江苏高考) However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the extinction (灭绝) of this precious species.With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a 47 of artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction.This enabled Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
A．combination　　　　　　 B．collection
C．strategy D．system
解析：选A　人工繁殖和自然繁殖是两种繁殖方式，此处指动物园饲养员把这两种方式成功地结合起来了，故选combination(结合，联合)。collection“收集”；strategy“策略”；system“系统”。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I still can't believe what a coincidence it was.I'm just so glad I was there 60 to help my son.
A．on board B．in time
C．for sure D．on purpose
解析：选B　这里表示作者感慨自己及时出现在事故现场帮助了自己的儿子，因此选in time表示“及时”。on board “在(船、飞机、火车等)上”；for sure“确信”；on purpose“故意地”。
5．(2016·天津高考) She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks.Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to 22 her from it all.But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit ready to go!
A．pull B．tell
C．hide D．fire
解析：选A 　我想让女儿从游泳队中退出，也就是不想让她参加。pull sb.from/out of“从……中退出”，符合语境。tell ...from ...“从……区分……”；hide ...from ...“隐藏”；fire“解雇”。
6．(2012·福建高考)I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict.I'm left 36 .Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other races
A．interested B．pleased
C．puzzled D．excited
解析：选C　根据空后的作者的疑问“为什么这些人有那些不信任和问题呢？”可知作者感到非常困惑，选择puzzled。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·浙江6月高考写作)现在父母过多地表扬他们的孩子，这对他们是有害的，会使他们变得不那么自信和快乐。(harmful)
Nowadays, parents praise their kids too much, which is harmful to them and makes them grow less confident and happy.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。(倍数＋as ...as)
The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school is three times as big as that ten years ago.
3．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)虽然许多人对于网络投票的负面影响感到困惑，但是现在网络投票仍然受欢迎。(puzzled)
While many people are puzzled at the negative side of the voting, Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①globe　　　 □
②universe □
③weightless □
④technical □
⑤invent □　　　
⑥contribute　 □
⑦science □
⑧theory □
⑨satellite □
⑩advance □　　　
atmosphere　 □
spacecraft □
climate □
watch out □
dream of □　　　
face to face　　　　　　　 □
have access to □
make a difference □
come into being □
with the development of □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft (宇宙飞船) on the far side of the moon.
2．(2020·江苏高考)Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory (理论), should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.
3．Mars has an insubstantial atmosphere (大气层), consisting almost entirely of carbon dioxide.
4．Scientists said that the signals were sent by satellite (卫星) link.
5．Founded by former Vice President Al Gore, we're bringing the world together to solve the climate (气候) crisis and make a sustainable future a reality.
6．I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly (失重地) around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth becoming smaller and the moon larger.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific (science) research.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature.
3．(2020·天津5月高考)While there has been real progress in the e plane industry, the technical (technique) challenges that remain are keeping everyone's feet firmly on the ground.
4．(2020·天津7月高考)Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
5．(2020·天津5月高考)For Parry, the reward is knowing he hopefully made a difference in a child's life, and except for his drawings on bandages, “they can go on and live their lives and never know I was in it，” he said.
6．(2020·浙江7月高考)He looked irritated and charged at us again. I cried out, “Watch out！” We instantly stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter.
7．(2020·浙江7月高考)When I'm face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens.
8．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally (globe)．
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Do you know how the differences between AE and BE come into being
你知道美式英语和英式英语的差异是怎样形成的吗？
2．The Chinese people have been dreaming of exploring the outer space for a long time.
长期以来，中国人一直梦想探索外太空。
3．With the development of science and technology, more and more scientific inventions are being made, which brings great convenience to our daily life.
随着科技的发展，出现了越来越多的科学发明，这给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的便利。
4．You may have access to them via your public library.
你可以通过公共图书馆来使用它们。
[单元主题语篇训练]　
Ⅰ.完形填空
In my childhood, there were no smart phones or computers. Still, I never felt bored. The field, 1 and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground. I can remember once hiking to a nearby 2 and walking slowly around it. At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before. It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but 3 it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I 4 on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure someone was 5 in my ears to ask me to turn around and 6 back home but I was 7 and even a bit stupid, so I walked on. There was still neither a car nor a house 8 . My legs were getting tired. I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew 9 . I didn't want to end up 10 on this road in the dark of night, and I was worried that it would be dark 11 I could make my way back to the lake again.
I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me. My heart was 12 and my legs were aching. When I 13 one last corner and saw a house that I 14 ， I jumped up and down and laughed out loud. I knew the way home! It was still over a mile away, but 15 felt like feathers. I 16 into the house with a big smile just in time for dinner. Then I ended my adventure with a good night's sleep.
I remembered this recently when I saw a 17 that said, “All roads lead home.” This is true. I also remembered a sage (智者) compared life to a journey. Are we going to make this life a terrible 18 or are we going to make the life a joyful one It 19 our own choice.
All roads no matter how they twist and turn, can 20 us home in our hearts. May you always walk your path with love! May you always help your fellow travelers along the way!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”沿着湖边一条不熟悉的小路散步，不知不觉天色已晚，“我”很害怕但还是在晚饭前回到了家。回家的路不止一条，心中有家，总能找到回家的路。
1．A.towns　　　　　　　　 B．farms
C．hills D．villages
解析：选C　根据上句，并结合该句“The field, and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.”可知，“我”家周围的田野、山地(hills)、树林都是完美的游乐场，故C项正确。
2．A.lake B．farmhouse
C．forest D．highway
解析：选A　根据该句中的“and walking slowly around it”，并结合第二段尾句中的“the lake”可以推断，“我”绕着附近的一个湖泊(lake)散步；A项意为“湖泊”，故A项正确。
3．A.appreciating B．refusing
C．introducing D．exploring
解析：选D　根据上文中的“At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.”可知，这条古旧的土路“我”从来没有看到过；结合该句内容可知，土路上满是泥泞的轮胎印迹，两边是深林，但探索(exploring)它仍然像是一次美妙的冒险。D项意为“探索”，故D项正确。
4．A.drove B．walked
C．flew D．rode
解析：选B　根据上文“walking slowly”可以推断“我”一直走(walked)，似乎走了几个小时，故B项正确。下文中的“walked on”亦是提示。
5．A.scolding B．whispering
C．singing D．waving
解析：选B　根据该句中的“in my ears”，并结合全句内容可知，“我”确信有人在“我”的耳边低语(whispering)；B项意为“低语”，故B项正确。
6．A.wander B．land
C．pace D．head
解析：选D　根据该句中的“turn around and”和“back home”可知，有一个人在“我”耳边低语，让“我”转身、回家；head back home意为“回家”，故D项正确。
7．A.stubborn B．desperate
C．sad D．anxious
解析：选A　根据该句中的“and even a bit stupid, so I walked on”可推知，空处应和形容词“stupid”对应，故A项“固执的”，符合语境。
8．A.in order B．in comfort
C．in sight D．in need
解析：选C　根据该句“There was still neither a car nor a house ”，并结合上文的内容可知，“我”沿着一条古旧的土路一直走，仍然看不到一辆车、一间房子；C项意为“看得见，在视野内”，符合语境，故C项正确。
9．A.thrilled B．disappointed
C．astonished D．scared
解析：选D　根据该句中的“I noticed that the sun was starting to go down”及常识可推知，“我”注意到太阳开始下山了，“我”感到害怕(scared)。
10．A.exposed B．trapped
C．injured D．worried
解析：选B　根据语境可推知，“我”不想在黑夜里被困(trapped)在这条路上；B项意为“被困的”，故B项正确。
11．A.though B．if
C．when D．before
解析：选D　根据语境可知，“我”担心在“我”再次回到湖边之前(before)天会黑下来。
12．A.beating B．sinking
C．blocking D．racing
解析：选D　根据空前一句“I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me.”可知，“我”继续前进，心里越来越害怕；据此可以推断，“我”的心急速跳动(racing)着，双腿隐隐作痛；D项意为“急速跳动”，故D项正确。
13．A.searched B．turned
C．checked D．examined
解析：选B　根据该句中的“When I one last corner and saw a house”可知，当“我”转过最后一个拐角时，“我”看到了一幢房子；B项意为“转弯”，故B项正确。
14．A.owned B．overlooked
C．recognized D．defined
解析：选C　根据该句中的“I jumped up and down and laughed out loud”可知，“我”上下跳了起来，并笑出了声；据此可以推断，“我”认出(recognized)了一幢房子；C项意为“认出”，故C项正确。
15．A.arms B．legs
C．head D．hands
解析：选B　根据空前一句“I knew the way home！”可知，“我”知道了回家的路；结合该句“It was still over a mile away, but felt like feathers.”且和该段第二句中的“my legs were aching”呼应可推知，虽然离家还有不止一英里，但“我”感到双腿(legs)轻松起来，故B项正确。
16．A.danced B．stormed
C．dragged D．jumped
解析：选A　根据上文中的“I jumped up and down and laughed out loud”可知，看到认识的房子，“我”很兴奋；结合该句中的“with a big smile just in time for dinner”可推知，“我”蹦蹦跳跳(danced)地进了房子，刚好赶上吃晚饭；A项意为“雀跃，轻快地移动”，故A项正确。
17．A.design B．signature
C．signal D．sign
解析：选D　根据该句“I remembered this recently when I saw a that said, ‘All roads lead home’”可知，“我”看到一个标牌(sign)，上面写着：“回家的路不止一条。”D项意为“标牌”，故D项正确。
18．A.scene B．trip
C．event D．sight
解析：选B　根据上文中的“a journey”并结合该句内容可推知，我们是要人生之旅(trip)变得糟糕，还是要让它变得快乐？B项意为“旅行”，故B项正确。
19．A.depends on B．decides on
C．deals with D．refers to
解析：选A　结合该句“It our own choice”可推知，这取决于(depends on)我们自己的选择。A项意为“取决于”，故A项正确。
20．A.move B．urge
C．lead D．transport
解析：选C　根据上文中的“All roads lead home”可知，回家的路不止一条；结合该句语境可知，道路不管多么曲折，都能指引(lead)我们回家。C项意为“引领”，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2021·江西八校联考)Flextime is a flexible hours schedule in which employees choose their own working hours, usually working within approximate limits set by the employer or by the government. 1
For employees, flextime has a clear advantage. 2 For example, people can use flextime to create schedules which will allow them to go to school, handle childcare, assist relatives, and perform other tasks. Employees may also use their flextime to create a schedule which optimizes creativity, as in the case of someone who would prefer to work earlier in the day to get more accomplished.
3 First, it tends to increase employees' satisfaction. This makes the company a better and more productive place to work. In addition, flextime can allow companies to serve clients for a greater portion of the day, as employees will be around at varying hours to answer phones, attend meetings, and so forth.
Most flextime schedules include core time. 4 Employees are also usually given an hourly, daily or weekly limit to ensure that they do not violate laws about working hours. Or the company is only willing to pay wages for so many hours of work each week.
A classic example of a flexible time schedule is that someone who works four 10 hour shifts a week can take three days off. Flextime can also be combined with flexplace, in which the environment is better than that of the office. 5 Employers may also allow people to work in untraditional settings such as coffee houses.
A．Employers benefit from flextime a lot.
B．It's also seen as a family friendly policy.
C．However, flextime may not be applicable to all fields.
D．It is a period of the day in which everyone is expected to be at work.
E．Many employers all over the world offer this method to their employees.
F．For example, home offices are increasingly popular among many companies.
G．It allows them to make changes to their work schedule which will suit their lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了弹性工作时间制的相关内容。
1．选E　根据空处所在位置可知，空处为段尾句，承上启下；空前一句是说弹性工作时间制是指员工可以选择自己的工作时间，通常在老板或政府的设定范围内工作；紧接着第二段开头说弹性工作时间制对员工有好处，故E项“世界上的许多雇主都会向他们的雇员提供这种方法”符合语境，衔接上下文。
2．选G　空前一句是说对于雇员而言，弹性工作时间制有明显的好处，由此可推知空处应是具体介绍好处体现的方面，故G项“这允许他们对自己的工作时间表作出改变来适应他们的生活”符合语境。
3．选A　根据文章结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的段首主题句；阅读该段可知，该段主要介绍了弹性工作时间制对于雇主的好处。故选A。
4．选D　根据空前一句“Most flextime schedules include core time.”可知，大多数弹性工作时间包括核心时间。据此可推知，空处应是介绍核心工作时间的内容，即每个人被要求工作的时间段。故D项正确。
5．选F　根据空处上文的内容可知，弹性工作时间制与弹性工作地点也可以结合在一起；据此可推知，空处应是举例说明弹性工作地点的相关情况，故F项符合语境。
tips 怎样解阅读七选五之段尾句
(1)空处为总结、概括句
做题时一要注意空格前的一句或两句；二是注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，如to conclude, in a word, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, therefore, as a result等词语；三是要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、对比、并列或排比的关系。
(2)空处为承上启下句
除了作为总结、概括句之外，段尾句很有可能是承上启下句，用于引出下一段的内容。如果选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接关系。
例如上文的第1题，作为尾句，起着连接上下文、承上启下的作用，解题时应分析空前一句及下一段首句来推知答案。
　　　
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·湖北八校联考)The hardships involved in building the Great Wall are beyond imagination. Large numbers of people had to leave their homes and families to go to the north, 1 they worked hard for years. Of the legends about the Great Wall, the story of Lady Meng Jiang is the most 2 (move). Lady Meng Jiang lived during the reign of the First Emperor of Qin. After her husband 3 (call) up to build the Great Wall, she missed him so much 4 she traveled many miles to see him but only 5 (tell) that her husband had died and was buried under the Wall. She was 6 (extreme) sad and cried for three days and nights until the Great Wall fell down one section after another.
Over the past centuries, the Great Wall 7 (become) a symbol of unity and 8 (strong) for Chinese people. It symbolizes that the great achievement can be made with 9 common will and joined effort. For example, the national anthem, composed during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, called on people to “build our new Great Wall 10 our flesh and blood”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了有关长城的一个传说，还介绍了长城在中国人民心目中的重要地位。
1．where　考查定语从句。句意：很多人不得不离开他们的家园和家人去北方，在那里他们努力工作了多年。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the north”，在从句中作地点状语，故用where来引导该从句。
2．moving　考查形容词。句意：在关于长城的传说中，孟姜女的故事最令人感动。该句主语为表示物的“the story”，故用形容词moving“令人感动的”。
3．was called/had been called　考查动词的时态和语态。该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；该句主语为“her husband”，和动词call之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；根据该句中的“After”和“missed”可知，孟姜女的丈夫被传唤去筑长城后，她非常想念她的丈夫；据此可知，空处也可以用过去完成时。故应填was called/had been called。
4．that　考查固定搭配。句意：她如此思念她的丈夫，以至于走了很多路去看望他。so ... that ...为固定结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。
5．to be told　考查动词不定式的被动式。根据语境可知，该处表示未曾想到的结果，故用动词不定式作结果状语；该句主语为“she”，和动词tell之间为被动关系，表示“被告知”，故用动词不定式的被动式。
6．extremely　考查副词。句意：她非常悲伤，哭了三天三夜，直到长城一段段倒塌。修饰形容词用副词，故用extreme的副词形式修饰形容词sad。
7．has become　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：历经数个世纪，长城已经成为中国人民团结和力量的象征。根据该句中的“Over the past centuries”可知，该处应用现在完成时；该句主语为“the Great Wall”，为单数形式，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has become。
8．strength　考查名词。根据语境以及该句中的“unity”可知，空处和名词“unity”并列，作介词“of”的宾语，故用其名词形式。
9．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一个共同的意愿”，will当“意愿”讲时为可数名词，且common的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
10．with　考查介词。句意：例如，在抗日战争期间谱写的国歌，号召人民“用我们的血肉筑成我们新的长城”。该处指“用我们的血肉筑成我们新的长城”，空处表示“用”，故用介词with。
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23Unit 5 Canada — “The True North”
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　
第一组：明其义
1．continent n．　　　　　　　 洲；大陆
2．baggage n. 行李
3．harbour n. 海港
4．urban adj. 城市的；市镇的
5．quiz n. 测验；问答比赛
6．approximately adv. 接近；大约
7．multicultural adj. 多种文化的
8．polar adj. 极地的；近极地的
9．mist n. 薄雾
10．bush n. 灌木(丛)；
矮树(丛)
第二组：写其形
1．chat vi.& n. 聊天；闲聊
2．scenery n. 景色；风景
3．measure vi.& vt. 测量；衡量；判定
n. 计量制；计量单位；措施
4．aboard prep.& adv. 在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；上(船、飞机、火车等)
5．within prep. 在……之内
6．broad adj. 宽阔的；广泛的
7．nearby adv. 在附近
adj. 附近的；邻近的
8．pleased adj. 欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的
9．topic n. 话题
10．confirm vt. 证实；证明；批准
11．dawn n. 黎明；拂晓；破晓
12．downtown adj. 市区的
adv. 在市区；往市区
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　
1．surround vt.包围；围绕→surroundings n．(复数)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的
2．slight adj.轻微的；微小的→slightly adv.稍稍；轻微地
3．tradition n．传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统地
4．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的→impression n．印象
5．terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的→terrifying adj.令人恐惧的→terror n．恐惧→terrible adj.恐怖的；恐惧的
6．wealthy adj.富有的→wealth n．财富
7．mix vt.& vi.混合；调配→mixture n．混合(物)；混合状态
8．distance n．距离；远方→distant adj.远的；远方的；疏远的
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　
1．dream of/about 梦想……
2．settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
3．be surrounded by/with 被……包围
4．manage to do 设法做
5．catch sight of 看见；瞥见
6．have a gift for 有……天赋
7．in the distance 在远处
8．at dawn 在黎明；在拂晓
9．be impressed with ... 给……留下深刻印象
10．in charge of 负责
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　
1．rather than“与其；而不是；不愿”，连接两个并列成分
悟原句 Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver ...
背佳句 (2017·浙江6月高考写作)As we intend to climb mountains, do be sure to wear gym shoes rather than leather shoes.
2．独立主格结构
悟原句 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.
背佳句 (2017·浙江6月高考写作)Time permitting, we will watch a film there, which is surely about the history of Yandang Mountain.
3．as far as ...“远至……；就……而言；尽……所能”
悟原句 It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa, Canada's capital.
背佳句 Your plan is a good one as far as it goes, but there are several points you've forgotten to consider.
1.美丽“景色；风景”入画来
①scenery n． 风景；景色
②scene n. 景色
③sight n. 风景；名胜
④view n. 景色；视野
⑤outlook n. 景色；景致
2.众“说”纷纭
①chat vi.& n． 聊天；闲聊
②whisper vi. 小声说；耳语
③speak vi.& vt. 说；演讲；发言
④inform vt. 通知；告知
⑤announce vt. 宣告
⑥declare vt. 宣布；声明
3.“ y”后缀常见形容词聚焦
①wealth→wealthy 富有的
②thirst→thirsty 渴的；渴望的
③taste→tasty 美味的
④sleep→sleepy 困的
⑤guilt→guilty 内疚的；有罪的
⑥health→healthy 健康的
⑦salt→salty 咸的
4.“可怕的”高频形容词
①terrifying 可怕的；吓人的
②frightening 吓人的；可怕的
③alarming 令人惊恐的
④awful 可怕的；惊人的
⑤horrible 恐怖的
⑥terrible 可怕的
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) We will wander in traditional (tradition)small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
2．The little boy mixed vinegar with sugar, and the mixture tasted not so bad.(mix)
3．With so many trees and flowers surrounding it, the school looks very nice.I'd like to bring up my son in healthy surroundings, so I would like to send him to it.(surround)
4．When they saw the terrifying scene, everyone on the spot felt terrified and couldn't say a word.(terrify)
5．So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad.To tell you the truth, I am deeply impressed by its beautiful scenery.(impress)
6．Though there is a long distance between Tom and his family, they don't feel distant.(distance)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)Building such a bridge over the bay was a hard nut to crack, but the local government made it within two years.
2．After they married, they settled down in a small village, leading a quiet life.
3．The first time I visited Guilin, I was impressed with/by its beautiful scenery.
4．The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.
5．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.
6．She begged her mother to give her permission to go on a trip.
7．The farmer surrounded his house and garden with a fence.
8．The driver didn't catch sight of another car in time, so the accident happened.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．manage/try
He ①tried to do it time and time again, and at last he ②managed to get a pass.
2．at a distance/in the distance
①You can't imagine how excited I was when I saw the ancient tower in the distance.
②One can see the ancient ruins at a distance of 20 miles.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．Once over the border and into Turkey everything changed. 边界
2．That is a measure of how bad things have become at the bank. 衡量标准
3．After the quarrel Sue remained cold and distant. 冷漠的
4．As far as I know, she has a very broad range of interests. 广泛的
5．Without my glasses, everything is misty. 模糊的
6．①It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 确认
②The recent airplane crash confirms my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed. 证明；证实
③He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season. 批准；认可
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．她在附近的一个农场停下，那里的工人们已经在田里忙碌起来了。(nearby)
She stopped at a nearby farm, where the workers were already busy in the fields.
2．如果你们有时能把工作和娱乐结合起来那就更好了。(mix)
It's much better if you can sometimes mix business with pleasure.
3．今天早上我顺便去她家看她时，同她长谈了一会儿。(chat)
I had a long chat with her when I went by her house this morning.
4．中秋节，中国人坐在一起吃月饼、水果和赏月是一种传统。(tradition)
During the Mid Autumn Festival, it is a tradition for Chinese to sit together and eat moon cakes and fruits, enjoying the full moon together.
5．我们应该从这些错误中吸取教训，而非重复它们。(rather than)
We should learn from these faults rather than replicate them.
6．照片中的女孩在甜蜜地微笑，长发在微风中飘扬。(独立主格结构)
The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly, her long hair flowing in the breeze.
7．在我看来，这是个完美的计划。(as far as)
As far as I can see, it is a perfect plan.
8．琳达说她要去见汤姆，并且不会告诉任何人有关这次约会的事情。(and连接两个并列的宾语从句)
Linda said (that) she would meet Tom and that she wouldn't tell anyone about the appointment.
1．surround vt.包围；围绕
(1)surround ...with ...　　　 用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
(3)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江7月高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.
②The surrounding (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
?补全句子
③In a word, you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings soon.
总之，欢迎你来我们学校并且我希望你能很快适应新环境。
2．measure vi.&vt.测量；衡量；判定n.计量制；计量单位；措施
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 Much to my sadness, I have to wear the coats made to my own measure because I'm getting fatter nowadays. Although I know beauty shouldn't be measured by a good shape, it's time for me to take measures to lose weight.令我伤心的是，我不得不穿照我自己的尺寸做的衣服，因为我现在越来越胖了。虽然我知道美丽不应该用身材来衡量，但现在是我采取措施减肥的时候了。
用法释义 (1)measure ... by ...　 　 用……来衡量……(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事make sth. to sb.'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
[针对训练]　
?单句语法填空
①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured (measure) only by examination results.
②In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival approaching.
③Some villagers reported a huge snake, measuring (measure) over two metres long, was found dead in a nearby cave.
?补全句子
④The number of finless porpoise is less than 1,000, so I hope you can take some effective measures to protect them.
中国长江江豚的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。
[名师指津]　measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式(如句③)。
3．confirm vt.证实；证明；批准
confirm a theory/rumour　　　　 证实一种理论/谣言
confirm sb. in the belief that ... 使某人坚信……
confirm that ... 确定/证实……
It has been confirmed that ... 已经确定/证实……
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①They worked out an effective method, which was confirmed (confirm) by the leadership.
②(2020·江苏高考)The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed (confirm) cases.
?补全句子
③The teacher's encouragement confirms me in the belief that I will surely win the champion of the competition.
老师的鼓励使我坚信我一定会赢得这次比赛的冠军。
4．distance n．距离；远方；遥远；疏远 v．拉开距离；与……疏远
(1)in the distance　　　　　　 在远处
at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远
(2)keep one's distance (from) (与……)保持距离
keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
(3)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①That afternoon we saw land at a distance of 10 miles from us.
②(2019·天津高考)To many people, technology means computers, hand held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant (distance) planets.
?补全句子
③It was difficult to get along well with her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很难与她融洽相处，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。
5．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记；给……留下极深的印象
(1)impress sb. with sth.　　　 某事给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory (mind) 使某人对某事有印象；使某人铭记某事
be impressed with/by/at ... 对……印象深刻；被……所感动
(2)impression n. 印象；感想
leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.
②(2019·江苏高考书面表达) Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive (impress)．
③The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.
?补全句子
④(2019·天津高考书面表达)What impressed us most are their art skills, in which they showed outstanding talent.
给我们印象最深的是他们的艺术技巧，显示出了他们过人的天赋。
1．settle down定居；平静下来；专心于；开始认真做
[辨析法理清]
　辨清楚 写出下列句中settle down的含义①When are you going to get married and settle down？定居②They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.开始认真做③It always takes the class a while to settle down at the start of the lesson.安静下来
理明白 settle down to (doing) sth.开始专注于(做)某事物；着手认真做某事settle in/into安顿下来；适应(新的工作环境等)settle a problem/an argument解决问题/争论
[针对训练]　单句语法填空
④In the past, he often dreamed of retiring in England and settling down in the country.
⑤Before we settle down to discussing (discuss) other things, I've a question to ask you.
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
2．manage to do设法做
manage sb.　　　　　　　　 设法对付某人
manage sth. 经营/管理……
manage it 成功做到；设法完成
[演绎法练通]　
?单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I managed to get (get) an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.
②That's not a hard job. I'm sure I can manage it myself.
?对比填空：manage, try
③No matter what happened, I tried to finish my task on schedule. Luckily, with my teacher's timely help, I managed to finish it ahead of time.
[名师指津]　manage to do sth.相当于succeed in doing sth.，表示“成功地做成了某事”，重在结果；try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，重在动作，不一定成功。
3．rather than“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分
　[教材原句]　Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.
她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
用法规则 (2)rather than　　　　而不是other than 不同于；除了……外or rather 更确切地说more than 多于；不仅仅；非常
注意事项 (1)rather than用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可不带to，但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。
[针对训练]　
?单句语法填空
①In my opinion, it is you rather than he that are (be) to blame for the terrible accident.
②Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer to go (go) to find out what on earth has happened.
?一句多译
如果我不得不放弃其中一个，我会关掉电视而不是关掉我的手机。
③If I have to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone.
④If I have to give up one of them, I would rather turn off the TV than switch off my cellphone.
⑤If I have to give up one of them, I prefer to turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone.
4．as far as “远至；就……而言；尽……所能”
　[教材原句]　It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa，Canada's capital.
很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
用法规则 as far as的常见用法：as far as sb./sth. be concerned　 　 就某人/物而言as far as the eye can see/reach 就视力所能及as far as I can see 依我看as far as sb. know 据某人所知
注意事项 as far as意为“远至……”时，在否定句中可用so far as。
[针对训练]　补全句子
①His parents supported him as far as they could.
他父母竭尽全力支持他。
②(2017·天津高考)As far as I know, he never came late to class.
据我所知，他上课从来不迟到。
③(2019·浙江6月高考写作)As far as I am concerned, only by studying hard at ordinary time can we succeed eventually.
就我而言，只有平时努力学习，我们才能最终取得成功。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management (manage) shared through chambers of commerce (商会) and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
3．(2020·浙江7月高考)Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears — like all wild animals — should be photographed from a safe distance (distant).
4．(2020·浙江1月高考)The contest, which is scheduled to be held in our school hall on January 18th, will focus on the traditional (tradition) Chinese culture.
5．(2020·天津5月高考)But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated (疏远的). The world needs a mixture (mix) of personalities.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in.使用；打理
词类活用 (2018·江苏高考)It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”．v.衡量
生词僻义 (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include introducing British visitors to the 120 plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.雾蒙蒙的
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．
A．curious about　　　　 B．displeased with
C．patient with D．uncertain about
解析：选B　根据下文中的“nothing was right”可知，她对一切都不满意。be displeased with“对……不满意”。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Where do you go when you want to learn something School？A friend？A tutor？These are all 41 places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want lies somewhere else instead.
A．public　　　　　　 B．traditional
C．official D．special
解析：选B　上文提到的学校、朋友、导师都是传统的学习的方式。
3．(2015·浙江高考)In a society that tends to 38 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our decisions in financial terms.But what about the personal and social costs involved in pursuing money over meaning These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.
A．measure B．suffer
C．digest D．deliver
解析：选A　“In a society that tends to everything in terms of dollars and cents”意为“在一个用金钱来衡量一切的社会里”。根据句意选A。measure“衡量”；suffer“遭受”；digest“消化”；deliver“递送，接生”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)知道你有音乐天赋，我邀请你加入我们的团队，展示你的才华。(have a gift for)
Knowing you have a gift for music, I invite you to join us and show your talents.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)中国人喜欢用筷子吃饭，而不是像西方人那样使用刀和叉子。(rather than)
Rather than use knives and forks as Westerners do, Chinese like to eat with chopsticks.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)那些漂亮的剪纸艺术作品一定会给你留下深刻的印象。(be impressed with)
You will surely be impressed with those beautiful paper cutting art works.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，设法阅读一些在中国文学中起重要作用的有关唐诗的资料。(manage to do)
At first, please manage to read some materials about poetry of the Tang Dynasty, which plays a significant role in Chinese literature.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①attract　　 □
②broaden □
③distant □
④local □
⑤capital □　　 　
⑥national　　　 □
⑦commercial □
⑧position □
⑨downtown □
⑩landmark □　 　　
baggage　　　 □
mountain □
countryside □
take on □
serve as □　 　　
lie in　　　　　　 □
manage to do □
be located in □
be made up of □
divide ... into □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Journey through the beautiful countryside (农村) of Provence, France, with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)For ticket information, please ask at your local (当地的) station or call 13 12 30.
3．Well, we've been waiting for our baggage (行李) for about one hour.
4．There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial (商业的)．
5．We have shuttle buses leaving for the airport from downtown (市区) every 20 minutes.
6．This is the landmark (地标) of Xi'an, the Dayan Pagoda.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浙江1月高考)Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)I can read some interesting English articles and download some listening materials, which broadens (broad) my horizons and helps me to know more about western culture.
3．In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.
4．Mother was worried about whether she could adapt to living in the mountainous (mountain) village alone.
5．I taught my daughter how to do division (divide) at the age of six.
6．We should develop our national (nation) economy in breadth and depth.
7．There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too distant (distance) future.
8．These websites will serve as a good introduction to the language.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．China lies in the east of Asia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
中国位于亚洲东部，太平洋的西岸。
2．Located in the south of China, Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.
广州位于中国的南部，被认为是我国最现代化的城市之一。
3．New Zealand is an island country which lies off the eastern coast of Australia.It is made up of two major islands.
新西兰是一个位于澳大利亚东海岸附近的岛国。它由两个主要岛屿组成。
4．As we can enjoy, the scenery is beautiful and the air is fresh, attracting a number of tourists from all over the world.
正如我们所喜欢的，这里风景优美，空气新鲜，吸引了许多来自世界各地的游客。
[单元主题语篇训练]　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Brits (英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half (51%)　are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.
Almost two thirds (62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city's culture (38% of respondents), talk with locals (24%) and go beyond the guide book (21%)．
Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn't travel because of the problem.
The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.
If languages weren't an issue then one in eight (12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.
“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention world class cuisine！”
They had his message for Brits thinking about visiting: “Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you'll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’ — road signs and train stations are in English, you'll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don't, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”
语篇解读：本文主要说明了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。
1．What do we know from the first two paragraphs
A．Brits are poor at languages.
B．Brits regret what they have done.
C．Brits like relying on others.
D．Brits are good at languages.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选A。
2．How many Brits can't order food correctly because of language barriers
A．About 10%.　　　　　 B．About 12%.
C．About 20%. D．About 21%.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The survey ...had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确订餐，故选C。
3．How is the text mainly developed
A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving examples.
C．By making description. D．By listing data.
解析：选D　篇章结构题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来发展的，故选D。
B
China will give the green light to Internet medical services conducted by medical institutions as part of a broader push to promote Internet Plus Healthcare, which was decided at a State Council executive meeting held by Premier Li Keqiang.
Medical institutions will be allowed to provide online diagnostic services for patients with common and chronic diseases in their follow up visits to their doctors. The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services, including consultations(会诊), reservations and test result inquiries.
As China joins the ranks of middle income countries, the demand for health services has increased accordingly. Internet Plus Healthcare can help reduce the problem of inaccessible and expensive public health services that have long been a big concern for the general public.
One decision coming out of the meeting says the intelligent review of health insurance will be applied and that the one stop settlement will be advanced. The real time sharing of prescription and drug retail sales will be explored as well.
“We must waste no time in pushing forward the measures once the decision is made，” Li said.“In recent years, top level hospitals in major cities have seen steady increases in the number of patients. Medical bills have become a heavy burden on families and high end medical resources still fall short of meeting the growing demand of the public.”
To solve the problem, a two pronged(双管齐下的) approach must be taken.One is to establish medical partnerships to strengthen cooperation between major hospitals and community clinics. The other is to bring forward Internet Plus Healthcare to promote the sharing of quality medical resources.
The government will see to it that long distance healthcare services cover all county level hospitals. So more efforts will be made to ensure that high speed broadband network will be extended to cover medical institutions in urban and rural areas. Dedicated Internet access services will be set up to meet the needs for long distance healthcare services.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了李克强总理在国务院常务会议上强调中国将大力推进的“互联网＋”医疗服务的相关情况。
4．According to the text, which of the following services won't a patient enjoy online
A．Receiving a medical operation.
B．Asking doctors for advice after the test.
C．Knowing their situation about the disease.
D．Making an appointment with a doctor in advance.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services, including consultations(会诊), reservations and test result inquiries.”可知，病人获得的在线服务包括会诊、预约和检查结果咨询，所以选项B、C、D都是这句话所涉及的内容。故选A。
5．What makes the demand for health services increase in China
A．The expense of medical care.
B．The recognition of health insurance.
C．The improvement of people's life quality.
D．The inconvenience of hospital equipment.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“As China joins the ranks of middle income countries, the demand for health services has increased accordingly.”可知，应选C。
6．What does Li mean by saying “We must waste no time in pushing forward the measures”？
A．The bills are impossible to afford.
B．The situations need urgent improvement.
C．The measures are perfectly worked out.
D．The hospitals are unwilling to admit patients.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Medical bills have become a heavy burden on families and high end medical resources still fall short of meeting the growing demand of the public.”可知，医疗费用已成为家庭的沉重负担，高端医疗资源仍无法满足公众日益增长的需求。故选B。
7．What can be the suitable title for the text
A．Modern Hospitals
B．Online Healthcare on Its Way
C．No more Burden for General People
D．Wide Applications of Internet Medical Services
解析：选B　标题归纳题。阅读全文尤其是首尾段可知，本文讲述互联网医疗服务正在发展中。故选B。
Ⅱ.短文改错
I'm 18 years old.As the final year high school student, I was thinking about my future.Because I'm interesting in culture and history, I would like to study Anthropology (人类学) in university.My parents have greatly expectations of me.They think about that Computer Science is getting very important so they should study Computer Science.My parents believe I can make a lot money with a Computer Science degree and they say I can't even find a job unless I stick to my interest.That they say may be true.Should I follow my parents' advices or my own interest
答案：第二句：the→a; was→am
第三句：interesting→interested
第四句：greatly→great
第五句：去掉about; 第二个they→I
第六句：lot后加of; unless→if
第七句：That→What
第八句：advices→advice
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你校将开设剪纸(paper cutting)这门选修课，请发邮件邀请你校英国交换生Linda一起参加。内容包括：
1．发出邀请；
2．介绍剪纸；
3．你的期望。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Linda，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Linda,
I'm too excited to share with you the good news that our school will open a new optional course, paper cutting. I know you adore Chinese traditional culture, so I'm writing to invite you to take it with me.
Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts. People use scissors to cut red papers into different vivid shapes, like plants and animals, whose color symbolizes health and prosperity. On seeing the works, you'll be greatly amazed. Besides, paper cuttings can be used to beautify your home to enhance the joyous atmosphere.
So attractive will the course be that I am eager to become an expert in paper cutting. Why not sign up for it
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
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