Unit 1 Great scientists
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．characteristic n． 特征；特性
2．analyse vt. 分析
3．victim n. 受害者
4．neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近
5．pump n. 泵；抽水机
vt. (用泵)抽(水)
6．firework n. 烟火(燃放)
7．chart n. 图表
8．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
第二组：写其形
1．defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n. 失败
2．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n. 专家；行家
3．attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
5．cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
6．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
7．suspect vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
8．foresee vt. 预见；预知
9．blame vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
10．handle n. 柄；把手
vt. 处理；操纵
11．link vt.& n. 连接；联系
12．positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
13．reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
2．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；警告
3．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．传授→instructions pl.用法说明；指示；命令
5．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献；捐款
7．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；宣告者
8．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
9．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任；负责
10．movement n．移动；运动；动作→move v．移动；运动
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．put forward 提出
2．draw a conclusion 得出结论
3．expose ...to 使显露；暴露
4．apart from 除……之外；此外
5．be enthusiastic about 热衷于；对……充满热情
6．make sense 讲得通；有意义
7．(be) strict with ... 对……严格的
8．contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致
9．be to blame 应受责备
10．look into 调查
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”
悟原句 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
背佳句 (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
2．every time引导时间状语从句
悟原句 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
背佳句 (2017·浙江11月高考写作)Every time we camped, Mom would read a book or sing a soft song.
3．“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时主句要用部分倒装
悟原句 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
背佳句 He said before the whole class that only if we put our heart into our lessons could we make great progress.
1.后缀 ment抽象名词集锦
①movement 移动；运动
②development 发展
③disappointment 失望
④excitement 兴奋
⑤improvement 改善
⑥treatment 对待
⑦judgement 判断
2.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达
3.表达你的“观点；态度”
①positive 积极的
②negative 消极的
③subjective 主观的
④objective 客观的
⑤doubtful 怀疑的
⑥critical 批评的
4.“引起；导致；有助于”一览
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Mark is a cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.
2．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
3．Because of the severe pollution (pollute), the water in the river is too dirty to drink.
4．(2020·天津5月高考)According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle (handle) challenges of life
5．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (absorb) in conversation.
6．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)
7．In the class, our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct)
8．The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute)
9．The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
10．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed (expose) to daylight.
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．The official plan put forward by China to build the Belt & Road was supported by many countries.
2．We must be strict with our students while we should give them love and care as well.
3．I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look into the matter.
4．Apart from the English class, I took an active part in all kinds of English activities.
5．Long exposed to solar winds，the far side of the moon may have the special soil and minerals in its upper mantle (地幔)．
6．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
7．As is well known to us all, childhood memory contributes to guiding present behavior.
8．Mary announced to her teammates her success, which made them excited.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．defeat/beat/win
Yesterday I ①defeated/beat John at chess.He ②won only one set, while I ③won two sets.
2．attend/join/join in/take part in
Though I haven't ①joined the Party, I often ②attend meetings and sometimes I③ join them in the discussion. In addition, I like to ④take part in social activities.
3．if only/only if
①If only I were younger.
②Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．Sandy learned to cook Chinese food with the help of expert chefs. 专业的
2．This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 对……提出质疑
3．It was the last question on the paper that defeated me. 难住
4．The film star made as though to rise and conclude the interview. 结束
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．每次我听到这首歌，它就使我想起与祖母在一起的幸福时光。(every time)
Every time I hear the song, it makes me think of the happy days when I was with Granny.
2．只有当你找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。(only＋状语从句的倒装句)
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
3．秋天，这儿既不太热又不太冷。(neither ...nor ...)
In autumn, it's neither too hot nor too cold here.
4．他把考试失败归咎于老师。
①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame ...on)
②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame ...for)
③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n．)
1．conclude vt.& vi.推断出；结束；达成；缔结
(1)conclude 从……中推断出……
conclude sth. 以……结束……
to conclude 最后
(2)conclusion n. 结论；结束
come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
②I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)In conclusion, I believe that you can benefit a lot from the Chinese classical music concert.
?一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
④I drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
⑤I concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
[联想发散] 表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。
2．attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理vi.专心；留意
?单句语法填空
①As far as I know, the patients are attended (attend) well in the hospital.
②She was praised for having attended on/upon her sick mother in law for over thirty years.
③I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to.
?补全句子
④I then made it a point to attend those meetings and learn all I could.
于是我下定决心参加那些会议并学习我能学习的一切。
[归纳法记牢]
attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/class
参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/上课
attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照顾
3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
一语串起 We should expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.Being exposed to such atmosphere will greatly benefit their growth. 我们应该让孩子们接触尽可能多的艺术和文化，在这样的氛围的熏陶下将十分有益于他们的成长。
用法释义 (1)expose ...to ... 暴露……给……；使……接触……expose oneself to ... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到
[串联式巧记]
[名师指津] 及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；在expose ...to ...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
②Being exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
③When children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.
→Exposed to difficult situations, children are better at handling challenging situations. (分词作状语)
4．challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战
(1)face the challenge 面对挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
(2)challenge sb.to sth. 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事
(3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
challenged adj. 受到挑战的
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空
①I want to challenge him to a game of basketball.
②Teaching young children is a challenging (challenge) and rewarding job.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged (challenge)．
④(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.
5．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中absorb的含义①Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.吞并②After absorbing enough water, the plants grow well.吸收③I keep the lesson simple because the students can't absorb that much.理解
理明白 (1)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进……absorb oneself in 专心于；全神贯注于absorb ... from ... 从……中吸收……(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
④As we all know, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
⑤The boy sat beside the window, absorbing himself (him) in a novel.
⑥Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
⑦Absorbed in his work, Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(把⑥改为形容词短语作状语)
6．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备
(1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备
(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
take the blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备
[名师指津] be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空
①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.
②She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.
③(2018·江苏高考)Some social app companies were to blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
⑤Honestly speaking, Li Hua should take the blame for the conflict.
7．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，这有助于他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投稿到报社。
用法释义 (1)contribute sth. to ... 把某物捐献给……contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；捐款；稿件make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
[名师指津] contribute sth.to ..., contribute to, make a contribution/contributions to中的to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2017·江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
②It's a kind of contribution (contribute) to tutor a classmate who's having trouble or help clear up your neighbourhood.
③In conclusion, everyone should make contributions to protecting (protect) the environment.
④If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.
如果你想给我们的报纸投稿，请在截止日期前把你的文章寄给我。
1．put forward提出(建议)；推荐；提名；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中put forward的含义①(2016·天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.提出②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前
理明白 put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出put away 放好；积蓄put off 延期；推迟put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿put through 接通电话；完成；使经受
[针对训练] 选用put的短语填空
④As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I think it is a wise choice for you to explore the Chinese culture by yourself.
⑤Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy New Year's presents.
⑥It was because of the bad weather that the football match was put off.
2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)
(3)there is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/没意义
[演绎法练通] 用sense短语对比填空/句型转换
①It doesn't make sense to argue with him about such a small matter.
②Can you make sense of the sentence
③What she says is true in a sense, but not always.
④You can lie to your parents in no sense.
⑤In no sense can you lie to your parents. (用倒装句改写④)
3．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”
[教材原句] Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
用法规则 neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。
注意事项 遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：either ... or ...不是……就是……，或者……或者……；not only ... but also ...不但……而且……；not ...but ...不是……而是……
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①(2016·江苏高考书面表达)Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly nor can we deny it completely.
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now.
③(2020·江苏高考)Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are (be) becoming increasingly popular among foreigners.
④The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result.
→Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result. (用neither ...nor ...连接两个句子)
4．every time引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。
用法规则 (1)every time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每次……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：any time 任何时候next time 下次……时the last time 最后一次the＋序数词＋time 第……次(3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second) 一……就……
注意事项 (1)此类名词词组可单独引导时间状语从句，因此后面不再用when。(2)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般现在时态代替将来时态。
[针对训练] 补全句子
①Every time I see the national flag rising, I feel a sense of pride.
每当看到国旗升起，我都有一种自豪感。
②The first time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.
他第一次来到那个城市，就决定在那里安家。
③(2019·北京高考书面表达)I do hope that you can have a good time every time you come to China.
我真希望你每次来中国都能玩得开心。
④(2020·天津7月高考) Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
下次你去拜访鲍勃时，记得提前给他打个电话。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions (contribute)．
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging (challenge), or we think it's annoying and unnecessary.
3．(2017·天津高考)In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me.
4．(2016·浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution (pollute), I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
5．(2016·浙江高考)The relationships you develop now will probably be linked (link) to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2016·北京高考)However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed.专心致志②(2015·天津高考)The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to help cure him of his reading problem. 矫正
词类活用 ①(2015·天津高考)This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.v.战胜②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. v．抽；汲取
生词僻义 ①(2019·北京高考)Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients. 特征；特性②(2014·陕西高考)However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing. 不接受
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考) However, later when I learned from my friends that my dad 29 all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my embarrassment was a touch of pride.
A.convinced B．defeated
C．ignored D．evaluated
解析：选B 根据空格后的“won everyone's admiration”可知，作者的父亲打败了所有竞争者，并赢得了大家的赞赏。故选B。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Always water it down and don't let your ego (自我) get in the way. If you do, you won't be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone's day.
A．stress B．expect
C．handle D．blame
解析：选C 不要让你的自负妨碍你，如果这样，你就会难以应对，整件事就会发展为令人不愉快的情形，同时也会毁了每个人的一天。
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
A．attached B．allocated
C．exposed D．submitted
解析：选C 根据下文的“because of Italy's privacy laws”可知，由于意大利隐私法，他的真名不能透露。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)尽管有时候她对我们很严格，但是我们都喜欢并尊重她。(be strict with)
Though she sometimes is strict with us, we all like and respect her.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)新体育馆很大，老师和学生可以在里面参加学校体育运动会。(attend)
The new stadium is big enough for the teachers and students to attend the school sports meeting.
3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)为了让外国学生体验中国茶文化，我们把他们带到我们学校的品茶室。(expose)
In order to/To expose international students to our tea culture, we took them to the tea room in our school.
4．(2018·北京高考书面表达)被我的一举一动所吸引，外国留学生们对这种独特的文化感到惊讶，他们不停地拍照。(过去分词短语作状语；absorb)
Absorbed by my every move, the foreign students were amazed by this unique culture and they couldn't help taking pictures from time to time.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①creative □
②reliable □
③diligent □
④cooperative □
⑤virtue □
⑥inspiration □
⑦qualification □
⑧responsibility □
⑨establishment □
⑩undertake □
organize □
charge □
honour □
design □
develop □
devote to □
build up □
in the field of □
be considered as □
make contributions to □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．By this, he was telling us that, while simplicity is a virtue (美德), a correct solution to a problem must address all the relevant facts.
2．That young man is honest, cooperative (有协作精神的), always there when you need his help.
3．Professor Huggins was diligent (勤奋的) enough to obtain a diploma in space research.
4．She has met the minimum educational requirements for qualification (资格)．
5．The establishment (建立) of new international economic order is the essence of his article.
6．Two information research officers are to be in charge (负责) of information collection, research, primary analysis and report.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)I made up my mind to follow their examples to take my own responsibility (responsible) to be a reliable person in the future.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)One nonprofit organization (organize), which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jennifer is a first generation graduate and an inspiration (inspire) to her family — and that's pretty powerful.
4．(2020·江苏高考)He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
5．(2020·江苏高考)They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London.
6．(2020·浙江7月高考)When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative (create) my designs were.
7．The scientific investigation team devote themselves to seeking for traces of primitive man.
8．He made his mark in the field of geology after long years of research.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Scientific achievement is built up by every little bit, but the long term accumulation can be fed by intravenous drip of the sea.
科学成就是由一点一滴积累起来的，唯有长期的积聚才能由点滴汇成大海。
2．Qian Xuesen was a scientist who made important contributions to the missile and space programs.He returned to China in 1955 and led the Chinese rocket program, and became known as the “Father of Chinese Rocketry”．
钱学森是一位为导弹和航天事业做出重要贡献的科学家，他于1955年返回中国，领导中国火箭项目，并被誉为“中国火箭之父”。
3．Newton is considered as one of the greatest scientists in history for his discovery of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion.
牛顿因发现万有引力和三大运动定律而被认为是历史上最伟大的科学家之一。
4．At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy and that a child could not undertake this type of project.
起初，我的老师认为我疯了，一个孩子不能承担这种类型的项目。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Vinegar is great. It makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even clean your windows with it. And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planet's population to ease hunger.
Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.
This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world's supply of food will be much lower.
The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate(醋酸盐) — the main component of vinegar.
After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. It's hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive.
Jong Myong Kim, co author of the study, told Popular Science magazine that he's already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners.
Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn't as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. “Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system.” he said.
And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了醋可以使植物在干旱的环境中生存，从而解决因粮食而造成的饥饿问题。
1. What is mentioned as a feature of the Arabidopsis
A．It produces acetate in wet conditions.
B．It is mainly composed of acetate.
C．It can survive in nowhere but desert.
D．It can be tolerant of drought.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第四段可知，Arabidopsis的特点是可以忍受干旱，选D。
2. The scientists experimented further in order to .
A．find a simple way of keeping the crops of farmers alive
B．add acetate to the soils of other plants to stop watering
C．check the effectiveness of the acetate to resist drought
D．treat the dried up plants by adding acetate to them
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的理解，可以得知进一步实验的目的是检验把醋酸盐添加到植物中就能增加植物耐旱能力的有效性，选C。
3. What is the author's attitude to the discovery
A．Objective. B．Unsupportive.
C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
解析：选D 观点态度题。由最后一段可知，作者持乐观态度。objective “客观的”；unsupportive“不支持的”；indifferent “冷漠的”；optimistic“乐观的”，选D。
4. What may be the best title for the text
A．Vinegar could end hunger
B．Vinegar keeps plants living forever
C．How to survive climate change
D．Advantages and functions of vinegar
解析：选A 标题归纳题。由全文的主题句“And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planet's population to ease hunger.”可知，这篇文章主要讲了醋可以使植物在干旱的环境中生存，从而解决因粮食而造成的饥饿问题，选A。
B
Chinese New Year celebrations, also known as the Spring Festival start on the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month of the Chinese calendar, and end on the 15th day of the first lunar month in the following year in the Chinese calendar. Chinese New Year's Day's date is calculated according to the Chinese lunar calendar. In 2015 it's Thursday, February 19.
Many people clean their homes to welcome the Spring Festival. They put up the red posters with poetic verses on their doors, Chinese New Year pictures on their walls, and decorate their homes with red lanterns. It is also a time to reunite with relatives, so many people visit their families at this time of the year. In the evening of the Spring Festival Eve, many people set off fireworks and firecrackers, hoping to cast away any bad luck and bring good luck. Children often receive lucky money. Many people wear new clothes and send Chinese New Year greetings to each other. Various activities such as beating drums and striking gongs, as well as dragon and lion dances, are all part of the Spring Festival festivities.
The Spring Festival is a national holiday in China. Government offices, schools, universities and many companies are closed during the period from the Spring Festival Eve to the seventh day of the first lunar month in the Chinese calendar. However, some enterprises such as banks often
arrange for workers to be on shift duty. Public transport is available during the Chinese New Year period.
The red posters with poetic verses were initially a type of amulet (驱邪物), but now it simply means good fortune and joy. Various Chinese New Year symbols express different meanings. For example, an image of a fish symbolizes “having more than one needs every year”. A firecracker symbolizes “good luck in the coming year”. The festival lanterns symbolize “pursuing the bright and the beautiful”.
语篇解读：春节是中国人民最隆重的传统节日，也是对未来寄托新的希望的佳节，从腊月二十三到正月十五人们沉浸在欢乐的节日气氛中。
5．The passage mainly tells us .
A．Chinese New Year is around the corner
B．what people usually do during Chinese New Year
C．how people treat each other on the special day
D．Chinese New Year witnesses the longest holiday
解析：选B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在文中主要描述了中国的春节以及在春节前后人们的活动。
6．Traditionally Chinese New Year will last about .
A．23 days B．15 days
C．7 days D．25 days
解析：选A 细节理解题。依据第一段可知，春节始于腊月二十三，到来年的正月十五结束，历时约23天。
7．The original purpose of the red posters is .
A．to show some wonderful poems to others
B．to decorate the house with bright colors
C．to drive the evils away from their homes
D．to welcome friends and relatives warmly
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The red posters with poetic verses were initially a type of amulet (驱邪物)”可知，最初在门上贴红色的对联是为了辟邪，因此选项C正确。
8．It can be inferred from the passage that .
A．the New Year symbols mean good for the future
B．giving lucky money is a must for parents
C．the Chinese celebrate the festival differently
D．the staff in banks have a seven day holiday
解析：选A 推理判断题。依据最后一段可知，不管是对联、鞭炮、鱼还是灯笼都意味着对未来的美好祝愿。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Recently I found a donation box in my neighborhood. People come to them when they have old clothes, bags, newspapers and books to donate. This box, I think, was of great significance. My mother buys for me a lot of clothes, and I grow so fast. Much clothes don't fit me any longer. I've got no idea about what to deal with the clothes which are real new and still in good condition. However, with this donation box, I can help those people in needs. In a word, I do think it is a good idea that light up our life and makes the world better place to live in.
答案：第二句：them→it
第三句：was→is
第四句：去掉for; and→but
第五句：Much→Many
第六句：what→how; real→really
第七句：needs→need
第八句：light→lights; world后加a
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，为了帮助参加“一带一路”交流项目的来华留学生更好地了解中国的传统文化，你所在的学校决定举办春节联欢活动。请给你的朋友Paul写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1．时间、地点及参与者；
2．活动：写“福”字、包饺子、学剪纸等；
3．目的：感受“年”味及传统文化的魅力。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：“一带一路”One Belt One Road
参考范文：
Dear Paul，
How is everything going here in China I am writing to tell you that our school will hold a Spring Festival celebration in the Art Center on January 28. And we will invite all the students from the One Belt One Road exchange program to participate to know more about Chinese culture. I hope you can come too.
During the celebration, we will write the Chinese character Fu, make dumplings and learn paper cutting. We hope these will help you experience the Spring Festival atmosphere. Besides, the celebration will show the charm of Chinese traditional culture.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
22Unit 2 The United Kingdom
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．province n． 省；行政区
2．uniform n. 制服
3．currency n. 货币；通货
4．nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的
5．imaginary adj. 想象中的；假想的；虚构的
6．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的
7．splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
8．thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊
第二组：写其形
1．accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现
2．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突
3．unwilling adj. 不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)
4．enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的
5．possibility n. 可能(性)
6．quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架
vi. 争吵；吵架
7．sightseeing n. 观光；游览
8．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明
9．countryside n. 乡下；农村
10．alike adj. 相同的；类似的
11．consistent adj. 一致的
12．plus prep. 加上；和
adj. 加的；正的；零上的
13．fold vt. 折叠；对折
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．unite vi.& vt.联合；团结→united adj.团结的；联合的→union n．联合；联盟；结合；协会
2．convenience n．便利；方便→convenient adj.方便的
3．description n．描写；描述→describe vt.描述；形容；描绘
4．attract vt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的地方→attractive adj.有吸引力的
5．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．布置；整理；安排
6．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的
7．collection n．收藏品；珍藏；收集→collect vt.收集
8．furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish vt.装修；布置→furniture n．家具
9．rough adj. 粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly adv. 粗略地；粗糙地
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．consist of 由……组成
2．divide ...into 把……分成
3．leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
4．make a list of 列……的清单
5．break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
6．take the place of 代替
7．refer to 谈到；说到；参考；涉及
8．at one time 曾经；一度
9．keep one's eyes open 留心看
10．break down (机器)损坏；破坏
11．in memory of 纪念……
12．to one's credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；
在……名下
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．过去分词短语作状语
悟原句 Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
背佳句 Devoted to her work, she has no time to look after her child.
2．状语从句的省略
悟原句 It looked splendid when first built！
背佳句 Some people were in favor of going to Qingdao when discussing where to spend their summer holidays.
3．It seems/seemed strange that ...should do ...
悟原句 It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
背佳句 It seemed strange that he should have rejected the practical suggestion put forward by us.
1.名词后缀 ing集锦
①sightseeing 观光；游览
②fishing 钓鱼；捕鱼
③drawing 素描画
④advertising 广告；
广告宣传
⑤accounting 会计学
⑥banking 银行业
2.前缀a 高频形容词大全
①alike 相同的；类似的
②asleep 睡着的
③alive 活的；有活力的
④awake 醒着的
⑤afraid 害怕的
⑥ashamed 羞愧的
3.各种“代替”表达法
4.“to one's＋n.”必备短语荟萃
①to one's credit 为……带来荣誉
②to one's surprise/astonishment 令某人惊奇的是
③to one's delight/joy 令某人高兴的是
④to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．People working for big organizations like the police and the postal service all wear uniforms (uniform)．
2．Having quarrelled (quarrel) with his wife about who should wash the dishes, he felt very upset.
3．Roughly (rough) speaking, I would say that about 100 people attended the exhibition.
4．Two days later, I was delighted to hand in all of my work on time, to my teacher's delight.(delight)
5．It's very convenient for me to buy it for you.There is a convenience store near my home.(convenient)
6．He described the robbery in detail to the policeman and his description was very valuable — the police caught the robber in a short time.(describe)
7．What attracts me most in Beijing is that there are many attractions, like the Great Wall, the Summer Palace.They are so attractive as to attract eyes from every corner of the world.(attract)
8．Our department will be in charge of arranging the conference. Would you please give us some suggestions on the arrangements for it (arrange)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．Our country is like a big family, consisting of fifty six nations.
2. To his credit, Nathan gave back the money he found to the owner.
3．Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.
4．Small cars may take the place of big cars in the future.
5．William isn't connected with the bomb explosion, because he broke away from the organization a year ago.
6．Now they have made their fortunes, they divide into two types, depending on their attitude towards money and luxury.
7．You should often refer to your notes in your study, which is necessary.
Ⅲ.选词填空
divide/separate
The teacher ①divided the whole class into four groups to discuss the topic.After the discussion, we should ②separate the most valuable ideas from the common ones.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．William tried to join the basketball club but was rejected because of his poor health.
拒绝
2．If you have a positive attitude towards your work, you will feel happy. 积极的
3．He made an apology to me for his not attending the concert on time. 参加
4．They can withstand severe tests. 严峻的
5．Please instruct me how to do my work. 指导
6．Television stations around the world are linked by satellite. 联系
7．I have arranged my books neatly on my shelf. 整理
8．The company furnished the painter with the necessary information. 提供
9．It requires great efforts to clarify dirty water in cities. 净化
10．I was so thrilled about today's meet and greet that I couldn't fall asleep last night.兴奋的
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．我们乘坐的公共汽车竟然在途中坏了，这似乎很奇怪。
It seemed strange that the bus we took should break down on the way.
2．另外，一定要保存好这些东西，他们能够让你的心保持温暖。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
What's more, you must take good care of the things that can keep your heart warm.
3．从山顶上看，这座城市像一个大花园。(过去分词短语作状语)
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden.
4．当查找信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏来操作。(状语从句的省略)
When searching for some information, we can operate by touching the screen.
1．convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 It's a great convenience to live here. At my convenience, I can visit some of my favorite museums. Shopping is convenient to/for my wife. It is convenient for my son to go to school, for his school is only two blocks away.住在这里真方便。我方便时可以去参观我所钟爱的几家博物馆。我妻子购物很方便。我儿子上学也很方便，因为距学校只有两个街区的距离。
用法释义 (1)for convenience 为方便起见at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 某人方便做某事(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便inconvenient adj. 不方便的
[名师指津] (1)convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you。(2)convenience意为“方便；便利”时为不可数名词；表示“便利的事物；便利设施”时为可数名词。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your earliest convenience.
②The secretary arranged a convenient (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
③In the past several weeks, many cities in Northern China have been suffering from heavy fogs, causing great inconvenience (convenient) to people.
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) If it is convenient for you, I want to invite you to attend the classic music concert to be held in our school.
如果你方便的话，我想邀请你参加我们学校举办的古典音乐会。
2．attract vt.吸引；引起注意
(1)attract one's attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb.to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2)attraction n. 吸引力；吸引；有吸引力的地方
a tourist attraction 旅游景点
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意
的；引起兴趣的
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①The company is starting a new campaign to attract (attract) new customers to its stores.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive (attract) activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction (attract)．
④这个展览将会吸引来自国内外许多游客的注意力。
The exhibition will attract a large number of visitors' attention from home and abroad.
3．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
?单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
②If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements (arrange)．
?补全句子
③I'd like to tell you that I have arranged to pick you up at the airport. (2019·北京高考书面表达)
我想告诉你，我已安排好去机场接你。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for ... to do sth. 安排……做某事
(2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备；布置；整理
make arrangements for 为……做好安排
[名师指津] (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth.而不用arrange sb. to do sth.。
(2)make arrangements (for sth./for sb. to do sth.)中的arrangement常用复数形式(如句②)。
4．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.& vi.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 Much to my delight, my son delights in/takes delight in learning English. He is delighted to listen to English songs and sing after the tape again and again. Yesterday he came back home with delight and delighted me with the good news that he won the first place in an English competition.让我高兴的是，我儿子很乐意学英语。他很高兴听英文歌曲，并且跟着磁带一遍一遍地唱。昨天他高兴地回到家里，带给我一个让我感到很高兴的好消息，他在英语比赛中获得了第一名。
用法释义 (1)delight sb.with sth. 用某物使某人高兴delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐(2)take (great) delight in 以……为乐with delight 高兴地；愉快地to one's delight 令某人高兴的是(3)delighted adj. 欣喜的；快乐的；高兴的be delighted at/with/by 为……而高兴be delighted to do sth./in doing sth.为做某事而高兴；乐意做某事
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①Hearing Chinese Women Volleyball Team won the championship for the 10th time, we clapped our hands with delight.
②He takes great delight in painting, not noticing it was raining outside.
?一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我非常高兴有机会告诉你有关中国文化和餐桌礼仪的事情。
③What delights me most is that I have a chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners.(delight vt.)
④I'm more than delighted to have a chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners.(delighted)
⑤Much to my delight, I have a chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners.(delight n．)
1．consist of由……组成
由……组成
(2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 与……一致/相符
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①The company consisting (consist) of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.
②Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
③(2019·天津高考)Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
?一句多译
生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。
④Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.
⑤Life is made up of/is composed of not only sunshine but also hard times.
⑥Not only sunshine but also hard times make up life.
[名师指津] consist of不能用于被动语态和进行时态， 类似的短语还有belong to, come into being等。
2．take the place of代替；取代
?补全句子
①As fall turns into winter, other changes take place (发生)．
②To find them easily, you'd better put your books in place(在适当的位置)．
?一句多译
经理将要出差，我将代替他参加会议。
③The manager will be away on business and I'll take his place to attend the meeting.
④The manager will be away on business and I'll take the place of him to attend the meeting.
⑤The manager will be away on business and I'll attend the meeting in place of him.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)take one's place 代替；就位
take place 发生；举行
(2)in place 在适当的位置；适当
in place of 代替
3．break down (机器)损坏；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；(关系)破裂；身体垮掉；(化学)分解
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中break down的含义①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.失败②You will break down if you always stay up late.身体垮掉③We were downloading learning materials when our computer broke down.损坏④(2018·北京高考)Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. 分解
理明白 break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱break off 中断；折断break into 闯入break out 爆发；发生break up 驱散；打碎；分手；结束
[针对训练] 选用break的短语填空
⑤She is trying to break away from the bad habit, which makes her parents happy.
⑥A fire broke out last night, which caused a lot of damage.
⑦The room is in a mess. It must have been broken into while we were away.
⑧(2020·天津5月高考)History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
4．It seems/seemed strange that ...
[教材原句] It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
用法规则 (1)It＋seems/seemed＋adj.＋that ...“好像……，似乎……”；that从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略。 (2)should常用于名词性从句中，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”，意为“竟然，居然”。 (3)it作形式主语，而真正的主语是that引导的从句。常用句式还有：It is important/necessary/natural that ...；It is a pity/shame/pleasure/surprise that ...等。
注意事项 本句型如果描述现在或将要发生的事情，用“should＋do”的形式；如果描述过去发生的事情用“should have done”的形式。
[针对训练] 补全句子
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)It seemed strange that I should be so busy this weekend.
这似乎是一件怪事：这个周末我竟然这么忙。
②You can't imagine that a well behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
你想象不出这么彬彬有礼的绅士竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。
③It is a great pity that the young man should have missed such a golden opportunity.
真可惜，这位年轻人竟会失去这样一个绝好的机会。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination (imagine) of the world.
3．(2020·江苏高考)Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original (origin) purpose.
4．(2019·北京高考)Another possibility (possible) is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort.
5．(2018·浙江高考)The easiest way to accomplish (accomplish) this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)A new collection (collect) of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly (rough) 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
8．(2015·浙江高考)Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded (fold) can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2016·浙江高考)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.信用
词类活用 (2013·天津高考)On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.v.争吵
生词僻义 (2019·江苏高考)There's a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods.和……
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)Jones' idea has been fully realized — the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
A．break down B．put up
C．keep off D．take out
解析：选A 根据空后的“the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello”可知，Jones 设置的“快乐聊天”长椅有助于打破阻碍人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。
2．(2020·江苏高考) He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker.
A．accomplished B．crucial
C．specific D．innocent
解析：选A 根据上文的“not only did well as a student but also”可知，在那里，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且成了一名出色的公共演说家。故选A。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch.He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd last seen him.So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
I was 43 ！ I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet.The bay was bathed in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
42．A.delight B．relief
C．anger D．worry
解析：选A 前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此儿子发来电子邮件，说要来看望作者时，作者应该感到高兴(delight)。
43．A.scared B．shocked
C．thrilled D．ashamed
解析：选C 根据上文语境可知，多年没有见面的儿子要来看望自己，作者自然是感到激动的(thrilled)。后面的“arrived early”也给出了提示。scared“害怕的”；shocked“震惊的”；ashamed“感到惭愧或羞耻的”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)我们衷心希望学校今后能开展更多像这样令人愉快的活动。(enjoyable)
We do hope that the school will carry out more similar enjoyable activities in the future.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请尽早给我发电子邮件。(convenience)
If you are interested in the Chinese folk art, please email me at your earliest convenience.
3．(2017·江苏高考书面表达)因此，电影业应该更加努力地吸引更多的观众。(attract)
Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.
4．(2015·四川高考书面表达)你也应该记住，经常和你的同学交换笔记是提高你学习的好方法。(keep＋宾语＋宾补)
And you also should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①witness □
②invader □
③valuable □
④original □
⑤aggressive □
⑥multicultural □
⑦border □
⑧revolution □
⑨treasure □
⑩display □
independence □
dynasty □
population □
opportunity □
make an announcement □
leave out □
remain part of □
with a history of □
at the beginning of □
tourist destination □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In order to learn Chinese well, Grey took every opportunity (机会) to talk with the local natives.
2．The current multicultural (多元文化的) society is the ideal and goal of education.
3．People tend to be more aggressive (积极进取的) when they're young and more conservative as they get older.
4．Life on Earth will become unsustainable unless population (人口) growth is held in check.
5．Any new company is seen as an invader (入侵者) in an already competitive market.
6．The security forces sighted a group of young men that had crossed the border (边界)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Students can gain valuable (value) experience by working on the campus radio or magazine.
2．The robots, which were displayed (display), attracted the children's attention.
3．Succeeding emperors and dynasties (dynasty) continued the construction, spreading westward into the Gobi desert to guard the Silk Road.
4．Tea is one of the most favored drinks in our life.However, the origin (original) of tea is lost among history and tales.
5．Our city witnesses (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
6．Your composition shouldn't be too long, you'd better leave out the last paragraph.
7．Enjoy and learn from historical and archeological sites but respect these sites and treasures (treasure)．
8．How am I better today than I was at the beginning of the year
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．St Paul's Cathedral was built after the terrible fire of London in 1666, with a history of more than 300 years.
圣保罗大教堂是1666年伦敦那场可怕的大火以后建造的，有300多年的历史。
2．The Tower of London remained part of a royal palace and prison combined.
伦敦塔仍然是皇家宫殿和监狱的一部分。
3．Buckingham Palace is the Queen's house in London, which is a world famous tourist destination.
白金汉宫是女王在伦敦的居所，是一个世界闻名的旅游景点。
4．The minister will make an announcement this afternoon stating the future of the city's hospitals.
部长今天下午要宣布对本市医院的未来的举措。
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
The UK has a well respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research instructions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing.
October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar. Universities have something called Freshers' Week for their newcomers. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.
However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect (前景) of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve wracking (令人焦虑不安的)．Where do you start？Who should you make friends with？Which clubs should you join
Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years.
Here is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week：
Learn rules. Make sure you know British social etiquette (礼节)．Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends.
Be kind. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends.
Be sociable. The more active you are, the more likely you'll be to meet new people than if you're someone who never leaves his room.
Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you're in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you're friendly.
So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Freshers' Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you'll be passing on your experience to next year's new recruits.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当你在异国他乡求学，对于刚刚步入一个全新校园的你来说，也许一切都会显得很陌生。但是你不要怕，本文将向你介绍一些在英国如何度过新生周的方法。
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．October is generally the busiest month for universities.
B．It's a good idea to put a doorstop in your door.
C．A bit of planning can make Freshers' Week easier.
D．The first week of your every year at university is called Freshers' Week.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话可判断出D项表述错误，新生入学的第一周才叫Freshers' Week。 故选D。
2．The underlined word “recruits” in the last paragraph refers to .
A．courses B．freshers
C．neighbors D．challenges
解析：选B 词义猜测题。最后一段逗号后面的意思是：新生周可以让你的大学生活有一个很棒的开端，而且你将很快把你的经验传给下一年的新生。故选B。
3. We can infer from the 4th paragraph that .
A．the newcomers usually miss the days living at home
B．most of the students in the UK spend three years in universities
C．many freshers are worried about how to fit university life
D．all the new students will make new friends and join certain clubs
解析：选C 推理判断题。该段的第一句话说“数以千计的其他人也会和你一样担心如何正确地开始他们的大学生活”，由此可知应选C项。
4. The main purpose of the passage is to .
A．tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universities
B．introduce something about higher education system of the UK
C．discuss something about the Freshers' Week in the UK
D．advise the freshmen how to behave well in the beginning
解析：选A 写作意图题。从文章第五段的“Here is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week”可以看出该文的写作目的是A项。其中，“Freshers' Week”指的就是a new start in universities。故选A。
B
Although fires are still a danger in every major city today, they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries. The historic Fire of London was a serious example of the damage fire can cause. Finally, however, this disaster also positively affected the city.
In 1666, the Great Fire of London burned out of control for three days, destroying most of the central district of the city. The disaster caused a huge amount of damage — around seventy thousand people lost their homes. At the time, there were only about eighty thousand living in the city. There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire because the worst damage happened in poor neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the government didn't record the deaths of poor people in those early times.
When the fire happened, people in London were already struggling to survive a large plague (瘟疫) outbreak that had begun in 1665. London's housing troubles were a major cause of the problem. At the time, much of central London consisted of closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings. This created an unhealthy environment because germs travelled freely from home to home. In addition, the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets where people threw their garbage. Rats were attracted by the garbage, and they brought fleas (跳蚤) — the carriers of the plague. Once people caught the plague from flea bites, the disease spread rapidly throughout the city especially in the cramped central district. It was in these terrible conditions that the Great Fire raged through London.
Despite the damage, the fire had a positive effect because it destroyed the old, poorly made wooden buildings. It also killed most of the rats and fleas, which slowed the spread of the plague. After the fire, the government rebuilt the damaged areas. Whenever possible, they used brick or stone. Thus, the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter. Widened streets and improved garbage collection also helped to stop the disease from spreading from person to person because there was simply more room to walk.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。发生于1666年的伦敦大火灾造成了非常严重的损失，但同时也结束了自1665年以来伦敦的鼠疫问题。
5．Which of the following is TRUE about fires in the past
A．They mainly happened in large cities.
B．They always had some positive effects.
C．They caused small amounts of damage.
D．They were more dangerous than fires today.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段中的“they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries”可知，虽然火灾现在依然是大城市的一大威胁，但是在几个世纪前，火灾是更加严重的问题。
6．Why are there no accurate death records of the fire
A．The numbers were beyond counting.
B．The government intended to hide the facts.
C．The records were destroyed in another fire.
D．The deaths of poor people were unrecorded.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire ... the government didn't record the deaths of poor people in those early times.”可知，在伦敦大火中有多少人丧生并没有准确的记录，因为政府没有记录有多少穷人死亡。
7．What does the underlined word “cramped” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Ancient. B．Crowded.
C．Damaged. D．Popular.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由第三段中的“closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings”和“the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets”可知，疾病在整个城市蔓延，特别是在拥挤的中心城区；由此推断，cramped意为“狭窄的，拥挤的”。
8．Why did the government rebuild the city with brick and stone after the fire
A．To reduce building costs.
B．To make houses stronger.
C．To keep fleas out of the city.
D．To stop the plague spreading.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter”可知，政府用砖和石头来重建被烧毁的地区，目的是想把房子建得更坚固。
C
A new kind of surgical knife can tell cancerous from healthy tissue in seconds and may help improve tumor (肿瘤) removal in the operating room.
Known as the iKnife, the tool analyzes the vapour given off as surgeons use electrical current to cut away tissue, and it reports in real time whether the tissue is cancerous or not.
Tests in 91 human patients have shown the tool's diagnoses were extremely accurate, and may be reliable enough to begin widespread use in operating rooms.
The iKnife uses mass spectrometry (质谱法) to examine the surgical smoke given off by tissue, informing the surgeon in three seconds as to what it contains.
Other current techniques, which include sending removed tissue to a lab for analysis, are costly and frequently inadequate and take about 20－30 minutes.
“Remarkably, there are almost no technologies in routine clinical practice to assist the surgeon in improving the accuracy of cancer tissue clearance，” said the study.
For patients, this uncertainty can lead to repeat surgeries or worse, since returning to the operating table is not always an option for soft tissue tumors.
The iKnife can make current tumor diagnostics more accurate, and it has the potential to influence on table decision making and ultimately to improve oncological (肿瘤学的) outcomes.
In Britain alone, there are 300,000 new cases of cancer each year and 1.8 million surgical procedures performed in treatment.
The iKnife was tested on tissue samples from 302 patients, including those with tumors of the stomach, liver, lung, breast and brain, and later in the operating room during 91 procedures to cut tumor tissue away.The iKnife is not yet commercially available and likely will not be for at least another year.
“If perfected, this would help surgeons and patients avoid countless trips back to the operating room to try and obtain clear margins.A larger study needs to be carried out, but this preliminary data is very exciting，” said Stephanie Bernik, chief of surgical oncology at a hospital in New York.
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。最新研究表明：与传统的诊断方式不同，智能手术刀iKnife可以迅速并精确地诊断出病人是否患有癌症，这对病人来讲是一个福音。
9．The iKnife can identify unhealthy tissue by .
A．using electrical current to test it
B．testing the blood and cells of it
C．analyzing the smoke given off by it
D．cutting away tissue and examining it
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“analyzes the vapour given off as surgeons use electrical current to cut away tissue”和第四段中的“examine the surgical smoke given off by tissue”可知，智能手术刀主要通过分析组织释放的气体来确定不健康的组织。
10．It is implied in the passage that the iKnife .
A．can be purchased within several years
B．has been tested in more than 3,000 patients
C．should be perfected before it's put into use
D．can be used in other diseases besides cancer
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If perfected, this would help surgeons and patients avoid countless trips back to the operating room ...”可知，虽然智能手术刀非常厉害，但在投入使用前还有待完善。
11．What is Stephanie Bernik's attitude towards the iKnife
A．Negative. B．Doubtful.
C．Critical. D．Objective.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Stephanie Bernik非常客观地评价了智能手术刀。
12．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The iKnife can tell unhealthy from healthy tissue.
B．The iKnife will take the place of current techniques.
C．The iKnife can make doctors' diagnoses more accurate.
D．The iKnife will change people's attitude towards cancer.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知答案。
tips 着眼全局，客观理性地解观点态度题
观点态度题旨在考查考生是否理解作者或文中人物对某人或文中人物对某人/事物所持的观点或态度。这类题目相对而言难度较大，迷惑性也较强，因为考生很难找到具体对应的语言点，要从整篇文章或整个段落的叙述中去推测。另外，此类题所给的答案选项一般是四个形容词，考生应在审题时就把握好这四个形容词所表达的意思，然后返回文章去寻找信息。特别注意，解答此类题时切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点，同时要注意区分作者本人的态度与作者引用的他人的观点态度。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成；若用贬义词，显然是反对；若是客观陈述，则是中立的立场，不偏不倚。作者的态度常常在转折词后表明出来，因此转折词至关重要(如but, yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。
例如上文第11小题，根据全文论述特别是最后一段中Stephamie Bernik所说的话可推知，他非常客观地评价了智能手术刀。
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21Unit 3 Life in the future
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．belt n． 腰带；皮带
2．tablet n. 药片
3．greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的
4．swallow vt. 吞下；咽下
5．goods n. 货物
6．capsule n. 太空舱；胶囊
7．carriage n. 运输工具；四轮马车；客车
8．exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的
第二组：写其形
1．previous adj. 在前的；早先的
2．fasten vt. 系牢；扎牢
3．aspect n. 方面；层面
4．flash vt.& vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现
5．guide n. 指导；向导；导游
vt. 指引；指导
6．lack vi.& vt. 缺乏；没有
n. 缺乏；短缺的东西
7．switch n. 开关；转换
vt. 转换
8．optimistic adj. 乐观(主义)的
9．material n. 原料；材料
10．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
11．dustbin n. 垃圾箱
12．representative n. 代表；典型人物
adj. 典型的；有代表性的
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerance n．容忍
2．impression n．印象；感想；印记→impress v．(使)留下深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
3．constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地conj.一……就……
4．surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surround vt.围绕→surrounding adj.周围的
5．adjustment n．调整；调节→adjust vt.调整；使适应
6．press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)
7．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.马上
8．settlement n．定居；解决→settle v．定居；解决
9．motivation n．动机→motivate v．成为……的动机；激励
10．uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certain adj.确信的；有把握的→certainty n．确信
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．in all directions 向四面八方
2．be greedy for ... 对……贪婪的
3．lose sight of ... 看不见……
4．as a result 结果；因此
5．(a) lack of 缺乏……
6．speed up 加速
7．take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续
8．sweep up 打扫；横扫
9．suffer from 患有(疾病等)；为……受苦
10．slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……
11．remind sb.of ... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……
12．be back on one's feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．过去分词短语作状语
悟原句 Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
背佳句 Given more attention and caring, the child wouldn't have become so selfish and naughty.
2．形容词作伴随状语
悟原句 Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
背佳句 We went home, tired but happy.
3．地点状语放于句首，句子使用全部倒装句型
悟原句 Inside was an exhibition of the most up to date inventions of the 31st century.
背佳句 In front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of over 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now.
1.单复数意义不同的名词集锦
2.后缀 ive形容词大观园
①representative 典型的
②impressive 给人印象深刻的
③creative 创造性的
④constructive 建设性的
⑤expensive 昂贵的
⑥attractive 吸引人的
3.常见的“动词＋up”短语扫描
①take up 拿起；接受
②keep up 保持；维持
③set up 建造；创立
④bring up 教育；培养
⑤build up 建立；增强
⑥turn up 出现；露面
⑦clear up 整理；(天空)放晴
⑧hold up 举起；耽搁
4.“v.＋from”短语荟萃
①suffer from 遭受
②result from 起因于
③hear from 收到……的来信
④escape from 从……逃脱
⑤benefit from 从……中获益
⑥date from 始于；起源于
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．If a student lacks (lack) the motivation to study, he will quickly become tired of studying.
2．Teachers think highly of Alice, because she is constantly (constant) working hard.
3．(2020·浙江1月高考)Today's world is not an easy adjustment (adjust) for young adults.
4．Guided (guide) by the sun, they walked towards their destination through the woods.
5．All passengers on board are expected to fasten (fasten) the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.
6．We are in instant need of help. Please tell us instantly they arrive.(instant)
7．The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place. Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors. I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it.(impress)
8．The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was recognized and was surrounded by a crowd of fans.(surround)
9．The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable, so I have to accept this new job.(press)
10．An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement.(settle)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．Sue slid into the office of Mr Brown and took the important papers away.
2．Mary swept up all the broken glass before her mother came back home after work.
3．Because Susan was in France at that time, her youngest sister took up the prize in place of her.
4．Many countries are faced with the problem about how to speed up economic development.
5．I took a careful search in the crowds at the exit of the station, but I still lost sight of my cousin.
6．Her father fell off the truck and was able to be back on his feet after two weeks' treatment in the hospital.
7．She is greedy for wealth while he is dying for health.
8．Previous to coming here, I worked in London.
9．(2020·江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
10．(2020·浙江1月高考) When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
Ⅲ.选词填空
surroundings/environment
The girl grew up in beautiful ①surroundings but not in a happy home ②environment.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．This is the Lake District Attractions Guide for all the potential tourists. 旅游指南(或手册)
2．On February 24, 2020, the WHO China Joint Mission on COVID 19 held a press conference in Beijing. 记者招待会；新闻发布会
3．(2020·江苏高考)Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. 典型；代表
4．(2020·浙江7月高考)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. 用光发出(信号)
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 定居点
6．It is not because doing volunteer work brings her material rewards but because it makes her very happy that the author likes doing it. 物质的；实际的
7．We shouldn't lose sight of the fact that education is important. 忽视
8．Her excuse was an obvious lie，but it was surprising that Tom should have swallowed it whole. 相信；信以为真
9．The story was reported in the press and on television. 报刊
10．Never desert a friend in need. 放弃
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．得知我所处的境况，我的老师Michael鼓励我勇敢地、充满自信地走出困境。(分词短语作状语)
Learning what situation I was in, my teacher, Michael encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.
2．让我们感到宽慰的是，那个丢失的小孩子十天后返回了家里，疲惫不堪却很健康。(形容词作伴随状语)
To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy.
3．一只小狗坐在房间外。(全部倒装)
Outside the room sits a little dog.
1．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①I can't tolerate working (work) with Kate in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works.
②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go.
③We should learn the tolerance (tolerate) and patience, as impulse (冲动) is not good to yourself and your future dream.
④In some experts' opinion, living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.
依一些专家的观点，火星上的生存条件非常艰苦，难以忍受。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerance n. 宽容；容忍；忍受
tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
[联想发散] “ 容忍；忍受”的种种表达
①tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受
②bear vt. 忍受；忍耐
③stand vt. 忍受
④put up with 忍受；容忍
2．lack vt.& vi.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西
?单句语法填空
①For lack of human protection, some good fields have become deserts.
②While college graduates complain of a lack of available jobs, factories are facing difficulties in hiring workers.
③Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
?句型转换
④Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.
→Though lacking in experience, Jack made up for it in enthusiasm.(省略句)
[归纳法记牢]
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
a lack of 缺乏……
(2)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
[名师指津] lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。
3．press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；印刷；新闻
(1)press ...against/to ... 把……压/挤/贴在……
press sb.to do sth.＝press sb. into doing sth.
极力劝说/敦促某人做某事
(2)pressure n. 压力；压强；挤压；压迫(感)
put pressure on ... 给……施压
under pressure 面临压力；受到压力
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Pressed (press) by my friends, I decided to seize the opportunity.
②Out of curiosity, the little girl pressed her nose against/to the shop window.
③No matter how much pressure you are under, you will never give up halfway.
无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途而废。
[名师指津] press意为“新闻界或报刊”时常与定冠词the连用。
4．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的
一语串起 Suddenly an earthquake hit that area. For an instant all the buildings were in ruins. The victims were in instant need of help.People organized together to do what they can to help the victims instantly/the instant they heard the bad news. In an instant hundreds of thousands of instant noodles were ready to be sent to the disaster area.突然一场地震袭击了那个地区。一瞬间，所有的建筑物都成了废墟。受害者立即需要帮助。一听到这个坏消息人们立即组织起来，尽他们所能帮助受害者。一瞬间，数十万方便面准备送到灾区。
用法释义 (1)in an instant＝instantly 立刻；马上for an instant 一瞬间；顷刻
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse.
②In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
③Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the instant/instantly she read the letter.
让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就突然哭了起来。
1．take up占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；从事
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中take up的含义①We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占据②I put the telephone down and took up my work again.继续③Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.从事④I'm going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing. 接受
理明白 take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞take over 接管take down 写下；记下；拆除take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
[针对训练] 选用上述短语填空
⑤With the development of science and technology, my hometown has taken on a new look.
⑥The house where I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
⑦He didn't take in what he read because his mind was focused on something else.
2．lose sight of ...看不见……；忽略……
(1)catch sight of 望见；看到
lose one's sight 失明
come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘
(2)at first sight 乍一看
at the sight of 看到
out of sight 看不到
in/within sight 在视野内
[演绎法练通] 选用上述短语填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)They fell in love at first sight and then got married.
②(2020·浙江1月高考)When the boy caught sight of Poppy, he went rushing toward the dog and bent down to give her a big hug.
③Only a short sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.
④At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight.
3．speed up加速
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”
②Our physics teacher said that light travels at a speed of 300,000km per second.
③Once outside the station, the train began to pick up speed.
④Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
很明显，一个好的学习习惯可以帮助我们快速达到我们的目的地。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)reduce speed＝slow down 减速
pick up speed 逐渐加速
(2)at a speed of ... 以……速度
[名师指津] speed的过去式、 过去分词有两种形式： speeded, speeded或sped, sped。
4．过去分词短语作状语
[教材原句] Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
[用法规则]
(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。
(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。
(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空
①Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
②Located (locate) in the central district, the Xi'an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
③(2016·北京高考)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
5．形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句] Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
用法规则 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
注意事项 形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
[针对训练]
?用形容词作状语改写下面句子
①Because he was tired and hungry, they went into a restaurant.
→Tired and hungry, they went into a restaurant.
②She finished the work and she was tired out.
→Tired out, she finished the work.
③I was too nervous and couldn't think of anything at the beginning.
→Too nervous, I couldn't think of anything at the beginning.
?选词填空(helpless/helplessly)
④Helpless, we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.
⑤The old building was burned down as crowds watched helplessly.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)Perfect! I recorded myself with confidence. Then, I pressed (pressure) “play” to listen back.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Online learning allows me to learn English more conveniently and more efficiently (efficient)．
3．(2020·浙江1月高考)The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed (flash) a bright smile. “I guess this is it，” he said.
4．(2020·浙江7月高考)We instantly (instant) stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter.
5．(2018·江苏高考)Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a walking journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers' (徒步旅行者) guide.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping (sweep) up popcorns and gathering coke cups.
7．(2017·江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.
8．(2016·天津高考)Learning materials (material) are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.
9．(2016·天津高考)One day, mentally exhausted (exhaust), I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.
10．(2014·陕西高考)The purpose of the programme is to develop our interest in English learning and get us motivated (motivate)．
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e readers showed up in 2007.平板电脑②(2015·陕西高考)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 从事
词类活用 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump？” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. n．缺乏②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.n.导游
生词僻义 ①(2012·湖北高考)We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn't like the way the horses were treated, so we never did.四轮马车②(2012·江苏高考)One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body — and the body from them — until they can be released at just the right spot.胶囊
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The reason is obvious. If we admit it is a door, they'll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy.
A．gradually B．constantly
C．temporarily D．casually
解析：选B 根据上文可知，如果作者他们承认这是门，孩子就会一直(constantly)想出去，这会使他们发疯的。
2．(2019·江苏高考)How can we bridge the ever widening gap that separates us from other animals Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better 55 .
A．guide B．treat
C．example D．companion
解析：选A 根据转折词but可以推知，人类想当然地认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故A选项正确。
3．(2012·北京高考)As I look back on that day now, it surely 42 any sense of reality.I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief until I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day.I never actually expected to get the job.After being offered the position, I was completely astonished.I remember shaking with excitement.
A．lacks B．adds
C．makes D．brings
解析：选A 作者没有想到自己的梦想竟然成为了现实，所以如今回想起那一天，也肯定“缺乏”任何现实的感觉。
4．(2010·浙江高考)Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my first Christmas there special and memorable, I 29 remembered the women's visit.I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of importance for as many children as I could possibly reach.
A．hardly B．instantly
C．regularly D．occasionally
解析：选B 搬入新居后，“我”开始思考，如何让“我”在这里的第一个圣诞节变得特别而又难忘呢？“我”马上(instantly)想到了“我”12岁时候的那三个富有爱心的女子的造访。hardly表示“几乎不”；regularly表示“定期地”；occasionally表示“偶然地”，根据语境选B项。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)为了缓解学习上的压力，上周末我与同学们一起去了星星农场参加了一次采摘橘子活动。(pressure)
In order to release the pressure resulting from our study, I went to Xingxing Farm to pick some oranges together with my classmates last weekend.
2．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)我们的服装将给我们的海外同行留下深刻的印象：中国是一个伟大的国家，有着灿烂的文明和灿烂的文化。(impression)
Our costumes will leave a deep impression on our overseas peers that China is a great country with a glorious civilization and magnificent culture.
3．(2018·天津高考书面表达)我们知道，中国是世界上一个日益发展的大国，必将在各方面为世界作出巨大贡献。(定语从句；aspect)
As we know, China is an increasingly developing power in the world, which is sure to make great contributions to the world in all aspects.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①boom □
②robot □
③invention □
④harmony □
⑤assist □
⑥furnish □
⑦recyclable □
⑧invisible □
⑨automatic □
⑩enjoyable □
remarkable □
affordable □
efficiently □
space travel □
come true □
make use of □
take on a new look □
make an attempt □
have expectation on □
with the development of □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Great inventions (发明) change the world.
2．The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's well being and a dream of harmony (和谐), peace and development.
3．An economic boom (繁荣) followed, especially in housing and construction.
4．It didn't take long until I was deep enough for the house and the road to be invisible (看不见的)．
5．Let your child be an active member around the house with collecting recyclable (可回收利用的) items.
6．Use a kettle with an automatic (自动的) cut out so it doesn't boil for longer than necessary.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant (assist) professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
2．It is also a proven fact that students who have the knowledge of and interest in music tend to plan and organize actions efficiently (efficient) in their personal lives.
3．On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.
4．Do you have any expectation on these two theme parks
5．In the future, our houses will be furnished (furnish) with modern equipment, such as robots, solar energy.
6．Scientists have discovered remarkable (remark) new evidence showing how the body rebuilds itself while we sleep.
7．If you're looking for an affordable (afford) and comfortable way to get around China, train travel is the way to go.
8．The life in the future is described as the colourful, intelligent, and enjoyable (enjoy) one, which appeals to nearly every one of us.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．My dream of space travel will come true in the future.
我遨游太空的梦想在将来会实现。
2．In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my lovely hometown, making it take on a new look.
在过去的十年里，我可爱的家乡发生了很大的变化，呈现出崭新的面貌。
3．When you make an attempt to change your habits, you feel more comfortable just saying you're going to do it than actually doing it.
当你尝试去改变你的习惯的时候，你会觉得仅是这么说比真正这么去做舒服得多。
4．With the development of science and technology, we can travel to the moon, Mars or somewhere outer space.
随着科技的发展，我们可以去月球，火星或其他外太空旅行。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
A mother of a 12 year old boy visits us.She says，“Suresh is a nice and 1 boy, but we cannot stop him from watching television.Since he spends too much time on TV, he often 2 doing homework.Nothing seems to be 3 ， though we have tried our best.” This is the common 4 from parents who ask for help.
Parents feel helpless watching their children 5 themselves with television.Does television 6 one's growth Or is it a problem for children
The television has many roles to play, such as entertainment, education and so on.It also has some 7 ones.This is not like alcohol or smoking where one can absolutely say it is bad and 8 it.It is like a knife.To use it to cut an apple or to commit a crime 9 the user.Start a dialogue and 10 children's participation in the decision making process.By this, you are showing them that first you respect their opinions (which will 11 that they respect your opinion) and second tell them they are 12 for their behavior.
When this topic was brought up for discussion at our Parent Child Club meeting, both parents and children 13 actively.Children said watching too much TV was 14 not a good habit and that they were willing to work it out if their parents didn't push them too hard.With working parents, the 15 study schedule and the lack of play, children are under a lot of 16 .They need catharsis (宣泄), so they 17 TV.
So parents should 18 these needs of children first while helping them use TV 19 .Children should learn to 20 their time in a reasonable way.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了对于一些沉迷于电视的孩子，父母应该如何教育孩子的问题。
1．A.familiar B．hopeless
C．naughty D．intelligent
解析：选D 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。由本空前的并列连词and可知，应选与nice同类的单词， intelligent和nice属于同类褒义词。 Suresh是一个聪明的孩子，但是他的父母没办法阻止他沉迷于电视。
2．A.regrets B．tolerates
C．delays D．risks
解析：选C 由本空前spends too much time on TV可知，Suresh因为沉迷于电视总是耽误写作业。
3．A.proper B．effective
C．practical D．attractive
解析：选B 由本空后though可知，Suresh的父母试了很多办法，但是都没效果。
4．A.explanation B．warning
C．complaint D．suggestion
解析：选C 此处表示来寻求帮助的家长们经常有这样的抱怨。
5．A.provide B．equip
C．fill D．occupy
解析：选D 由上文内容可知，家长看到孩子沉迷于电视感到很无助。
6．A.apply to B．lead to
C．contribute to D．refer to
解析：选C 此处与下一句中的problem构成对比。意为：电视有利于孩子的成长吗？
7．A.difficult B．negative
C．unexpected D．unusual
解析：选B 此处与上句所列举的内容构成对比。除了娱乐、教育外，电视也有一些负面作用。
8．A.ban B．forget
C．ignore D．disturb
解析：选A 由本空前alcohol or smoking和bad可知，它不像酒或者烟，我们可以明确地断定它有害并且禁止它。
9．A.belongs to B．replies to
C．depends on D．calls for
解析：选C 由本空前所列举的knife的例子可知，究竟是用它干好事还是干坏事取决于使用者。
10．A.limit B．encourage
C．refuse D．observe
解析：选B 跟孩子们好好谈一谈，并且鼓励孩子们参与到这个决策的过程中来。
11．A.guarantee B．predict
C．require D．permit
解析：选A 由本空前respect their opinions可知，让孩子们知道你尊重他们的观点，这样可以保证他们也尊重你的意见，并且让他们知道要为自己的行为负责。
12．A.anxious B．grateful
C．regretful D．responsible
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
13．A.worked B．participated
C．cooperated D．answered
解析：选B 家长和孩子都很积极地参与了讨论。
14．A.similarly B．eventually
C．certainly D．nearly
解析：选C 孩子们说沉迷于电视确实不是一个好习惯，如果他们的父母别逼他们太紧，他们也愿意解决这个问题。
15．A.heavy B．flexible
C．strange D．useless
解析：选A 由本句中的the lack of play及下句中They need catharsis可知，双职工父母、繁重的课业安排、没时间玩耍，这些让孩子们压力很大。
16．A.attack B．control
C．examination D．pressure
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
17．A.turn down B．turn to
C．turn over D．turn around
解析：选B 他们需要宣泄，于是从电视中寻求帮助。
18．A.express B．prove
C．satisfy D．create
解析：选C 家长应该帮助孩子们合理使用电视以满足他们的需求。
19．A.simply B．naturally
C．frequently D．appropriately
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
20．A.arrange B．fix
C．cancel D．reduce
解析：选A 孩子们应该学会合理安排时间。
tips 完形填空之利用逻辑关系解题
完形填空是一篇完整的文章，上下文之间或句子之间都存在着一定的逻辑关系。利用逻辑关系解题就是通过分析设空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
例如本文第1题可根据空格前面的并列连词and解题，第3题可根据空后的转折连词though，第17题可根据空格前面的因果连词so等来选择答案。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
What will man be like in the future？How about in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. 1
Let's give an example.Man, even 500 years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on the average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may guess that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so，we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity (容量). As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more — and finally we shall need even larger ones! 2 The head, the forehead in particular, will grow larger.
3 In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. 4 At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair？This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer.In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at ! 5 He will still be a human being，with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.
A．Nowadays our eyes are in constant use.
B．This probably brings about mental changes.
C．These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker.
D．This is likely to bring about physical changes, too.
E．That's because man is slowly changing all the time.
F．As a result, future man will have little in common with us.
G．In spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的身体未来可能发生的变化。
1．选E 根据前句中的“we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today”可知，人类在未来的样子将不同于今天，且下文中的“Let's give an example.”及其后的内容举例说明人类将发生的变化，由此可推断所填句子在这里起承上启下的作用，故E项“那是因为人类一直在慢慢变化着”符合语境。
2．选D 根据下句“The head, the forehead in particular, will grow larger.”可知，此处指身体上的变化，与D项的physical相呼应。故选D项。
3．选A 设空后的两句讲述了眼睛可能会发生的变化，与A项中的eyes相呼应，故选A项。
4．选C 根据本段内容可知，使用较多的身体部位的功能会更强大，比如眼睛和手指，而使用较少的身体部位的功能将会变弱，比如胳膊和腿。C项中的These指代前一句中的arms and legs，且weaker 与前文中的stronger相对应，符合语境。
5．选G 根据设空后的“He will still be a human being”中的still可知，这里要说：尽管人类有了这些变化，但未来的人类和我们仍然有很多共同点。他仍然是一个在思想和情感上与我们相似的人。故选G项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Twenty five years ago, most young British people wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or to take up singing.But today, things stand 1 (different)．
According to a recent survey, the “dream job” of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger, or “vlogger (视频博主)”．The survey, 2 (carry) out among 1,002 people, found that over 40% of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of dream 3 (career)．
The change is largely due to the rapid development of information technology (IT)．The Internet and social media have made it easier and more 4 (convenience) to reach a global audience, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way.
“In the past, the biggest stars 5 (make) by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera may become a star，” said Phil Samuels, 6 expert from UK.“From fashion 7 comedy, these self made stars interact (互动) online with their fans about everyday life.”
However, what people see 8 (be) only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact that only those who are successful can gain fame and fortune.Actually, for every success there are a hundred others 9 never get off the starting block.This is why some young people still show 10 (prefer) for traditional jobs.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你的理想职业是什么？25年前，不少英国年轻人的答案或许会是律师、医生或歌手。而如今的英国年轻人的理想职业却是视频博主。
1．differently 考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词stand，因此需用different的副词形式。
2．carried 考查非谓语动词。carried out among 1,002 people是过去分词短语在句中作定语，修饰The survey, 分词动作carry out与其逻辑主语The survey之间是动宾关系。
3．careers 考查名词。a list of后接可数名词时，名词需用复数形式。
4．convenient 考查形容词。空格中所填单词在句中作宾补，需用convenience的形容词形式。
5．were made 考查动词的时态和语态。主语stars是谓语动词动作make的承受者，需用被动语态；时间状语in the past与一般过去时连用。
6．an 考查冠词。Phil Samuels是一位英国专家，expert以元音音素开头，故用an。
7．to 考查介词。from ...to ...“从……到……”是习惯搭配。
8．is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这里说的是一般性道理，用一般现在时；主语从句what people see是单数概念，谓语动词用单数。
9．who/that 考查定语从句。关系代词who/that指代先行词a hundred others, 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
10．preference 考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作show的宾语，需用prefer的名词形式。
tips 语法填空之考查定语从句
(1)分析句子结构，如果所填词引导的从句与空前部分为修饰与被修饰关系，则为定语从句；
(2)分析先行词，确定先行词是指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他；
(3)判断引导词在从句中充当的成分，如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，则用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语，则用关系副词；
(4)最后根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。
例如上文第9题：
(1)确定先行词，辨别人与物，先行词为a hundred others，指人。
(2)判断所缺成分，选择关系词，从句缺主语，因此填who/that。
PAGE
21Unit 4 Making the news
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．amateur n． 业余爱好者
2．update vt. 更新；使现代化
3．sceptical adj. 怀疑的
4．dilemma n. (进退两难的)困境；窘境
5．polish vt. 擦亮；磨光；润色
6．senior adj. 年长的；高年级的；高级的
7．involve vt. 牵涉；涉及；包括；使参与(卷入)……
8．photograph n. 照片
vt. 给……照相
第二组：写其形
1．delighted adj. 快乐的；欣喜的
2．eager adj. 渴望的；热切的
3．acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到
4．inform vt. 告知；通知
5．deadline n. 最后期限
6．meanwhile adv. 其间；同时
7．case n. 情况；病例；案例
8．accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告
9．demand n. 需求；要求
vt. 强烈要求
10．gifted adj. 有天赋的
11．department n. 部门；部；处；系
12．process vt. 加工；处理
n. 过程；程序；步骤
13．publish vt. 出版；发行；发表；公布
14．chief adj. 主要的；首席的
n. 首领；长官
15．thorough adj. 彻底的；详尽的
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．concentrate vi.& vt.集中；聚集→concentration n．专心；集中→concentrated adj.全神贯注的
2．guilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪
3．editor n．编辑→edition n．版(本)；版次→edit v．编辑
4．approve vt.赞成；认可；批准→approval n．赞成；认可；批准→disapproval n．不赞成；反对
5．appointment n．约会；任命→appoint vt.约定；任命
6．assess vt.评估；评定→assessment n．评定；评估
7．admirable adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→admire vt.钦佩；羡慕
8．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．帮助；协助→assistant n．助手；助理；售货员
9．profession n．职业；专业→professional adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于
2．so as to (do sth.) 为了(做)……
3．accuse ...of 因……指责或控告……
4．ahead of 在……前面
5．keep in mind 记住
6．depend on 依靠；依赖
7．inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
8．pass ...on to 把……传给……
9．have a nose for ... 对……很敏感；善于发现
10．look forward to 盼望
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．never置于句首，句子用部分倒装
悟原句 Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.
背佳句 I received a letter of my favourite football star.Never in all my life had I felt so happy.
2．not only ...but (also) ...结构，not only位于句首构成的部分倒装
悟原句 Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.
背佳句 (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作) After the race, we felt that not only did the event improve our physical and psychological quality, but it also helped us build a positive attitude towards life.
3．先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
悟原句 Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？
背佳句 We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
1.“获得；得到”家族
①acquire vt. 获得；取得
②achieve vt. 取得；获得
③obtain vt. 获得；得到
④gain vt.& vi. 获得；赢得
⑤win vt. 获得；赢得
⑥get vt. 得到；收到
2.“赞成”与“反对”高频词汇荟萃
①approve vt. 批准；赞成
②favour vt.& n. 赞成
③support vt. 支持；赞成
④oppose vt. 反对
⑤object v. 反对
⑥against prep. 反对
3.后缀 able形容词集锦
①admirable 令人钦佩的
②honorable 荣誉的
③reasonable 合情合理的
④respectable 可敬的
⑤valuable 值钱的
⑥suitable 合适的
4.“动词＋on”短语聚焦
①concentrate on 集中
②depend on 依靠；依赖
③insist on 坚持
④put on 穿上
⑤feed on 以……为生
⑥take on 承担
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Your brother looks quite delighted (delight); he must have been admitted as a member of the football team.
2．Jack looked back at the woman for approval (approve), but her face was unreadable.
3．The special class is made up of some gifted (gift) children in the art.
4．I still feel guilty (guilt) about what I said to my father at the party last night.
5．(2020·天津5月高考)With the information (inform) about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.
6．If you want to win a prize in the contest, you'd better have your essay polished (polish)．
7．Tom is an assistant teacher in the college.He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need.(assist)
8．Mary and I had appointed to meet at the shopping center, but she failed to keep the appointment, so I was very angry.(appoint)
9．In class, the naughty boy has little power of concentration; as a result, he could not concentrate on what his teacher says. But when he plays computer games, he can't be more concentrated.(concentrate)
10．We went to the gallery last weekend and all the artists were very admirable.In other words, we admired the artists for their admirable skills.(admire)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．She was in a dilemma whether to stay at school or get a job.
2．You must keep in mind that there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world, so don't be lazy and hate work.
3．The noise of the construction in the neighborhood was so loud that Jane had some difficulty concentrating on her study.
4．Thanks to your hard work, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
5．Some experts think that reading is the fundamental skill which school education depends on.
6．Though Jack is younger than Ann, he's senior to her.
7．Please don't accuse me of forgetting to lock the door.
8．Lawrence is just the illustration of his desire for a “harmonious society”．
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．eager/anxious
Zhou Yang is ①anxious to know the result of the exam, for he's ②eager to be admitted into the university.
2．accuse/charge/blame
①The judge charged him with murder.
②The teacher blamed the students for making so many mistakes.
③Accused of stealing money, the man was brought to the court.
3．so as to/in order to
①In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.
②The test questions are kept secret so as to/in order to prevent cheating.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．It will take a week for your application to be processed. 审核
2．In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan. 详尽的
3．An update is a news item containing the latest information about a particular situation. 最新消息
4．He is a lovable physicist who is deeply involved in defining the workings of the universe. 使忙于
5．We are confident that our country will be more powerful and prosperous in the process of relieving poverty. 过程
6．There is a particular urgency in this case, and it would help if you could bend the rules. 情况
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．(2015·浙江高考书面表达)通过这样做，我不仅能够和别人分享我的好的观点，还能够学会清晰地表达自己。(not only ...but also ...)
By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.
2．她一生之中从来没有感到如此孤单，如此无助。(never置于句首的部分倒装)
Never in her life had she felt so alone, so abandoned.
3．我想和史密斯医生预约。明天9点可以吗？(appointment)
I'd like to make an appointment with Doctor Smith.Would 9：00 tomorrow be all right
1．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
(1)assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助；协助
come to one's assistance 援助某人
(3)assistant n. 助手；助理；售货员
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①With the assistance (assist) of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life.
②Mary was chosen as an assistant (assist) to help Mr. Brown finish his research.
?一句多译
在我的日常生活中，我认为帮助母亲做家务是我的责任。
③In my daily life, I think it is my duty to assist my mother with the housework.
④In my daily life, I think it is my duty to assist my mother to do the housework.
⑤In my daily life, I think it is my duty to assist my mother in doing the housework.
2．inform vt.告知；通知
?单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I'm more than delighted to inform you of the good news that a volleyball match will be held next weekend.
②The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed (inform) of the programme's progress.
③(2020·天津7月高考)Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information (inform) in many formats (载体形式).
[归纳法记牢]
(1)inform sb. of sth. 告知/通知某人某事
keep sb. informed (of ...) 使某人随时了解(……)
(2)information n．[U] 通知；消息；情报；信息
[名师指津] 在英语中inform不能跟双宾语，要表达“告知某人某事”要用inform sb. of sth.。(如句①)
3．case n．情况；病例；案例
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 As is often the case, fire breaks out because of carelessness. In that case, remember to keep calm. In no case can you jump from the top of a high building, which is dangerous. You may call 119 or 110 in case of emergency and try to take some effective measures before the arrival of rescue in case you get burnt.由于粗心大意而发生火灾是常有的事情。那样的话，记得保持冷静。在任何情况下你都不能从高楼顶部跳下去，这是危险的。如遇紧急情况，可拨打119或110，并在救援到达前采取有效措施，以防烧伤。
用法释义 in case 假使；以防万一in case of 假如发生；万一发生in any case 无论如何in no case 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话as is often the case 这是常有的事
[针对训练] 选用上述短语填空
①(2018·浙江6月高考写作)I held the rope tightly in case I might fall off.
②As is often the case with other old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
③The meeting will be put off in case of the rain.
④Enough space should be given to the kids. In that case, they will get more life experiences.
⑤In no case should we do anything that goes against the interests of people.
4．demand n．需求；要求vt.强烈要求
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand of sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事
(3)demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的；费力的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.
②My father came down and demanded to know (know) what was going on.
③Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding (demand) customers.
?一句多译
这位老师要求学生们准时到校。
④The teacher demands that the students (should) go to school on time.(demand that ...)
⑤The teacher demands of the students to go to school on time. (demand of sb. to do sth.)
5．approve vt.赞成；认可；批准
(1)approve sth. 批准/通过某事
approve of (sb./one's) doing sth. 赞同/同意(某人)做某事
(2)approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；通过
get one's approval 得到某人的同意
give one's approval to ... 同意/批准……
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①The course was approved (approve) by the Department for Education last month.
②I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval (approve)．
?一句多译
(2017·北京高考书面表达)老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。
③The teacher gave his approval to us making a video to record our experiences at school.(approval)
④The teacher approved of us making a video to record our experiences at school.(approve)
1．concentrate on集中；全神贯注于
?单句语法填空
①Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate on our studies.
②He concentrated his energy on studying (study) the history of Britain.
③Speaking on the phone requires concentration (concentrate) and takes a driver's attention from the road.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事
concentrate one's mind/attention/energy on 集中注意力/精力于；致力于；专心于
(2)concentration n. 集中；专心
2．depend on依靠；依赖
?单句语法填空
①You can depend on it that I will help you when you are in trouble.
②You can never depend on his arriving (arrive) on time.
③He depends on his parents to take (take) care of his children.
④Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
[归纳法记牢]
depend on sb. to do/one's doing sth.
依靠某人做某事
depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人供给某物
depend on/upon it that ... 指望……；对……深信不疑
3．否定词置于句首的部分倒装
[教材原句] Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.
周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报社的第一项工作任务。
[用法规则]
(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。
(2)常用否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有：not, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor, at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition等。
[针对训练] 补全句子
①Never will I forget (我永远不会忘记) the accident that happened in my own childhood, which left a deep impression on me.
②Hardly had we left the dormitory (我们刚离开宿舍) the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
③On no condition can we give up our dreams (我们决不能放弃梦想); only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.
4．先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
[教材原句] Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick
你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？
用法规则 当先行词为抽象地点名词case, system, point, stage, occasion, position, situation, condition, activity, race, job, scene, competition, atmosphere等，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。
注意事项 抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语则需用关系代词that或which。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空
①I think I've gotten to a stage where I feel really comfortable, safe and mature.
②He is in a dangerous situation which/that he doesn't know how to deal with.
③(2018·浙江6月高考)Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done.
④This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that/which many others are short of.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)Multiple genes behaved differently, depending (depend) on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.
2．(2020·江苏高考)For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.
3．(2020·浙江7月高考)I am an active playgoer and play reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing (edit) this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.
4．(2020·天津7月高考) “Yes, sir，” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn't have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable (admire) manner.”
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed (assess) at 54 months of age.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.
7．(2018·浙江高考)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published (publish) in Britain.
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As you know, in order to acquire (acquire) a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history.
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
10．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It's delightful (delight) to see so many beautiful flowers.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. 最新消息②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. 需求；要求
词类活用 ①(2020·浙江7月高考)Polar bears — like all wild animals — should be photographed from a safe distance.v.拍照②(2019·江苏高考)She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.adj.专业的
生词僻义 ① (2020·天津7月高考)In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge ...专业人士，专家②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The creative team behind “Apes” used motion capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像)．处理
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
A．depends B．holds
C．keeps D．reflects
解析：选A 根据语境可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生的事件的看法。depend on为固定搭配，意为“取决于；依靠”，故选A。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44 him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.
A．convincing B．reminding
C．informing D．warning
解析：选C 由语境可知，此处表示丹尼斯收到一条群发信息，告知(informing)他一对他不认识的夫妇在医院里等待一个婴儿的到来。convince“说服”；remind“提醒”；warn“警告，提醒”。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck going over a fence — which wasn't hard to climb if you had both arms.I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 52 from.But even that challenge he accepted.I helped him move slowly over the fence.
A．praise B．advice
C．assistance D．apology
解析：选C 根据下文“I helped him move slowly over the fence.”可知，“我”帮助了他，但是“我”认为他是不想接受“我”的帮助(assistance)。praise“表扬”；advice“建议”；apology“道歉”。
4．(2014·福建高考)But then came the beautiful melody (旋律), from the same fingers that once baited (装饵于) my fishing lines.And I realized he had been doing what music teachers always stress: 53 the music and pretend the others aren't there.
A．pass over B．turn up
C．bring in D．concentrate on
解析：选D 联系空格后的“pretend the others aren't there”可知，空格处是说他(父亲)集中注意力于(concentrate on)音乐。pass over“对……不加考虑”；turn up“出现”；bring in“引入，采用”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我一生中从来都没有遇见过像李老师这样的好老师。(never置于句首)
Never have I met such a good teacher as Miss Li in my life.
2．(2020·新高考全国卷I写作)不管有多困难，所有的参赛者都不会半途而废。(case)
In no case would all the participants give up halfway no matter how difficult it was.
3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)看到你在论坛上说你渴望来中国接受大学教育，我迫不及待地表示热烈欢迎。(eager)
Seeing your words in the forum that you are eager to come to China for college education, I can't wait to show my warm welcome.
4．(四川高考书面表达)一些学生擅长在课上专心于老师所教的东西。(concentrate)
Some students are good at concentrating on what the teachers teach in class.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①cover □
②witness □
③spread □
④dismiss □
⑤confirm □
⑥condemn □
⑦interview □
⑧broadcast □
⑨accurate □
⑩edition □
brochure □
journalist □
emergency □
perseverance □
subscribe to □
keep up with □
reveal the truth □
creative thinking □
show the news to □
distinguish between ... and ... □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A journalist (新闻工作者) is a person whose job is to collect news and write about it for newspapers, magazines, television, or radio.
2．Fast, accurate (准确的) keyboard skills are essential in most jobs these days.
3．The brochure (小册子) details all the hotels in the area and their facilities.
4．The job calls for patience, perseverance (毅力) and confidence.
5．He has made every arrangement to meet any emergency (紧急情况).
6．Many new words and phrases have been included in the revised edition (版本).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Once broadcast (broadcast), the TV play will be very popular with young people.
2．It has been confirmed (confirm) that the agreement is to be signed.
3．The man was found guilty of armed robbery, and was condemned to eight years' imprisonment.
4．If you subscribe to this newspaper, you'll get an extra magazine.
5．In consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss (dismiss) you.
6．Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish (distinguish) between right and wrong.
7．Inside was a thank you note for the man who had just interviewed (interview) him, thanking him for his time and for the opportunity.
8．The last 30 years has witnessed (witness) the rapid development of China.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．A reporter's job is to reveal the truth and to defend the justice.
记者的工作就是揭示真相、捍卫正义。
2．Being a journalist, you need to keep up with the current affairs and be devoted to writing.
作为一个记者，你需要紧跟时事，并致力于写作。
3．The key to becoming a journalist is work experience, perseverance and creative thinking.
成为记者的关键是工作经验、坚持和创造性思维。
4．The news will always be the news, and only the delivery system has changed.You should always remember that your primary job, first and foremost, is to show the news to the waiting public.
新闻永远是新闻，只是传递系统发生了变化。你应该永远记住，你的首要工作，首先是向等待的公众展示新闻。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
If you are interested in the news, it means you care about what is happening in your community and the world. But sometimes news can be upsetting. If you find out about sad news and it makes you feel worried or upset, what should you do Dr. Harold Koplewicz, president of the Child Mind Institute, has some suggestions.
Sometimes, the news you watch on TV is not completely accurate. The news on TV is fast paced. When bad news affects our nation, all of us need time to understand and process it. Your parents and your teachers can be your first sources to get information.
Even someone who is strong and powerful weeps when he's very sad. It's part of being a human that sad events make us feel sad. That doesn't mean that we need to fall apart. It means that we just have to admit that we're sad and move forward.
People respond in different ways when facing sad news. There are certain kids who are very private and don't want anyone to see how they feel. But if you feel worried, talk to your parents and teachers, which can help you feel more comfortable.
If you still feel very nervous, another way to feel better is to take part in activities that are helpful to others. Go with your parents to the children's welfare institutions, or think of ways that you or your class can help others.
On the other hand, remember to go to sleep at the right time, play with your friends or go to the movies. It is okay to feel sad, but it's not good to stop doing the things you usually do.
语篇解读：新闻对孩子会产生影响。对于孩子接触到了负面新闻而变得情绪低落、忧虑这一问题，本文给出了相关建议。
1. The passage is written for .
A．news reporters B．school kids
C．teachers D．parents
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中Dr. Harold Koplewicz的身份是 president of the Child Mind Institute以及第二段中的“Your parents and your teachers can be your first sources to get information.”可知，本文的阅读对象应该是学校的孩子。
2. What does the underlined phrase “fall apart” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Cheer up. B．Ask for help.
C．Stop being nervous. D．Have a mental breakdown.
解析：选D 词义推测题。根据第三段中的“It means that we just have to admit that we're sad and move forward.”并结合上下文语境可推断出，fall apart是指“精神崩溃”的意思。
3. What can be inferred from the passage
A．More sleep is helpful for sad people.
B．To admit we are sad will leave us nervous.
C．Don't let sadness disturb your normal life.
D．Children should not watch too much news.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“It is okay to feel sad, but it's not good to stop doing the things you usually do.”可知，即便是悲伤的时候，也不要打乱自己的生活规律。
B
Along with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing (繁荣的) state in economic growth. It has recorded social changes in the past decades through the medium of the film. The film market of China has been much better than that of North America, becoming the largest in the world during the first season of 2019.
In the original stage of reform and opening up, old Chinese movies were rescreened and foreign movies dubbed (译制). Audiences' enthusiasm for movies was lighted up by both these practices. In 1979, the attendance of Chinese moviegoers reached a record high of 29.3 billion. However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.
The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry. With the introduction of free competition and reforms, it made an abundant recovery and experienced rapid growth. In the same period, China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market, especially those from Hollywood. Despite the argument that foreign movies occupy the space of home made ones, Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold in the local market with box offices setting several new records.
The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry. In 2015, the powerful Internet companies, one called Tencent and another Alibaba, developed their own film arm and began to adapt popular online stories for movies. With big data, more accurate marketing skills can target specific audiences to satisfy their personal preferences. Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones. Now the film industry is exploring more advanced film screening technologies to provide audiences with an improved movie experience.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着改革开放的发展，中国电影业也取得了显著的成就，成为经济增长形势下的一道繁荣景象。中国电影业通过电影媒介记录了中国过去几十年的社会变化，并且在不断地发展、创新。
4．Which threat did the Chinese film market face in the late 1980s
A．Popularity of televisions.
B．Development of online cinemas.
C．A slowdown in economic growth.
D．Introduction of overseas movies.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s ...film market faced a danger.”可知，中国电影业在20世纪80年代末期因电视和其他娱乐活动的突然兴起而面临威胁，故选项A正确。
5．What does the underlined word “it ” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The space of Chinese movies.
B．The Chinese film industry.
C．The socialist market economy.
D．The introduction of reform and opening up.
解析：选B 代词指代题。由画线词上文中的“when the film market faced a danger”和“The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry.”可推知，画线词指代“中国电影产业”。
6．What does the author indicate in the end
A．Online cinemas will replace traditional ones sooner.
B．The film screening technology is key to films' success.
C．The Internet is a two edged sword for the film industry.
D．Movies made by Tencent and Alibaba are most successful.
解析：选C 推理判断题。综合分析最后一段第一句“The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry.”和倒数第二句“Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones.”可知，互联网的发展对电影产生的发展有利有弊，故选C项。
7．What would be the best title for the text
A．The Ever changing Film Market
B．Popular Online Films
C．Advanced Film Technologies
D．Flourishing Chinese Films
解析：选D 标题归纳题。由文章的首句“Along with ... the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing (繁荣的) state in economic growth.”及全文的叙述即可概括文章主旨为中国电影业的繁荣发展，故选项D最适合作文章的标题。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Last month our class organized a hike along the Chaobai River, which run through Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin. Much to my disappoint, I found the river was serious polluted. At that moment, I was determined to do what I could protect it. First, under my teacher's help, I used the equipments from the school lab to test the quality of the river water. But then, I used the data I had collected it to analyze the pollution of the river. Finally, I write a report on the pollution of the river to the local government. I also gave a presentation in class where I suggested that we must make changes to protect our water resources.
答案：第一句：run→runs
第二句：disappoint→disappointment; serious→seriously
第三句：protect前加to
第四句：under→with; equipments→equipment
第五句：But→And; 去掉it
第六句：write→wrote
第七句：must→should或去掉must
Ⅲ.书面表达
你认为到了22世纪，世界会变得更美好还是更糟糕？请以“The world in 100 years”为主题写一篇英文演讲稿，从教育水平、环境保护以及科技发展等方面阐述自己的观点和理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文章开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone!
Thank you for listening!
参考范文：
Good morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “The world in 100 years”．
I believe the world will be a better place in 100 years for the following reasons：
Firstly, with the fast development of society, more attention will be paid to education. Thus, the next generation will have greater knowledge, which will result in better public order. Secondly, people today have realized the importance of protecting the environment and wildlife. There is no doubt that the earth will be a picture of green mountains and fresh water. Thirdly, more of the universe will be explored in 100 years. Human beings might be able to settle down on other planets so there will be fewer wars for energy and land.
Thank you for listening!
PAGE
19Unit 5 First aid
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．bleed vi.& vt. 流血
2．choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息
3．tissue n. (生物)组织；薄的织
物；手巾纸
4．essential adj. 最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的
5．scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀
6．basin n. 盆；盆地
7．infection n. 传染；传染病；感染
8．label vt. 加标签或标记；分类
n. 标签；标记
第二组：写其形
1．aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助；资助
2．barrier n. 屏障；障碍(物)
3．organ n. 器官
4．vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的
5．pour vt.& vi. 倒；灌；注；涌
6．ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节
7．complex adj. 复杂的
8．ambulance n. 救护车
9．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的
10．squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；挤；压榨
11．unbearable adj. 难以忍受的；不能容忍的
12．damp adj. 潮湿的
13．firm adj. (动作)稳定有力的；坚定的
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．pressure n．压力； 挤压； 压迫(感)→press v．压；按；逼迫
2．injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.受伤→injured adj.受伤的
3．poison n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的
4．variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary v．变化→various adj.各种各样的
5．mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地
6．swell vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen adj.肿胀的
7．tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地
8．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请(书)
9．bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地
10．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．first aid (对伤患者的)急救
2．fall ill 生病
3．make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
4．over and over again 反复；多次
5．act as 担任
6．squeeze out 榨出；挤出
7．in place 在适当的位置；适当
8．prevent ...from ... 阻止……
9．put one's hands on 找到
10．a knowledge of 懂……；了解……
11．a number of 若干；许多
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．unless引导条件状语从句
悟原句 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
背佳句 (2018·江苏高考)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
2．be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时……”
悟原句 John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
背佳句 I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.
3．There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”
悟原句 There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
背佳句 (2020·浙江1月高考写作)There is no doubt that you are qualified enough and experienced in presenting your ideas, because of your abundant skills.
1.“成双成对”的个体名词荟萃
①scissors 剪刀
②jeans 牛仔裤
③headphones 耳机
④trousers 裤子
⑤glasses 眼镜
⑥chopsticks 筷子
2.乐于“帮助”他人
①aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助
②favour n. 帮助；好意
③assist vt. 帮助；协助
④assistance n． 帮助；协助
⑤support vt. 支持；帮助
3. ure结尾高频名词小结
①pressure 压力；挤压
②pleasure 乐事；快乐
③exposure 暴露；揭发
④failure 失败
⑤mixture 混合物
⑥signature 签名
4.fall短语“集中营”
①fall ill 生病
②fall asleep 睡着；入睡
③fall behind 落后
④fall down 倒下；跌倒
⑤fall off 下降；跌落
⑥fall over 跌倒
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers (barrier), I wouldn't be where I am.
2．(2020·江苏高考)In rural areas, where ambulances (ambulance)can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.
3．She complained loudly to the shopkeeper, who answered her mildly (mild)．
4．The burning plastic gave off poisonous (poison) gas, which is harmful to our health.
5．Don't press me any longer.These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure on me.(press)
6．The applicants who want to apply for the position should hand in their applications.(apply)
7．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment sent by the government.(treat)
8．We like to live a life full of variety and our tastes are various.(vary)
9．He got injured during the football match and the injury was serious.(injure)
10．The people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster.Their bravery deserved to be praised.(brave)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．Tom took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water out.
2．When we visited Paris, my niece acted as our guide and showed us around lots of places of interest.
3．This morning, I spent more than an hour collecting all the books, newspapers and other things in my office and then putting them in place.
4．The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.
5．The new technology was applied to farming.
6．Keep everything right where one could put one's hands on it.
7．Some students often pour out their trouble to their teachers.
8．As everyone can see, education is vital to/for the country's future.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．fall ill/be ill
The teacher ①fell ill suddenly while she was giving class.Since then she has ②been ill for half a year.
2．treat/cure
The doctor ①treated his headache with a new drug but didn't ②cure him.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. 果皮
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.
倒 平底锅 炉子
3．You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. 轻微的；不严重的
4．In addition, new coffee growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater. 污染；破坏
5．Money was tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs. 拮据；不宽裕
6．His heart swelled with pride as he watched his daughter collect her prize. 充满
7．I stood there trembling and trying to choke back the tears. 抑制
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。(unless)
So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.
2．如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问，我们就能掌握英语。(there is no doubt that)
If we can do as mentioned above, there is no doubt that we can master English.
3．我正在想是否参加这项英语竞赛这时我的英语老师走过来并告诉我这是一个展示才华的好机会。(be doing ... when ...)
I was wondering whether to participate in the English competition when my English teacher came by, telling me that it was a good chance to show my talent.
1．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
(1)come to one's aid 帮助某人
give sb. first aid 对某人进行急救
with the aid of 在……的帮助下
(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面帮助某人
aid sb.with sth. 以某事/某物帮助某人
aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空/词汇升级
①Neighbours aided him with money when he almost lost everything in the fire.
②With the aid of our English teacher, we have made great progress this term.
③He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother to clean (clean) the table, even the furniture.
④The moment he saw the poor little boy on TV, he determined to aid him in continuing his study.
⑤She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not helped her (＝come to her aid)．(升级加蓝词汇)
2．vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①What's more, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey (obey) traffic rulers.
②As we all know, water is vital to/for keeping every living thing alive, without which the world would be a dead place.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Besides, it's vital that you should mind your table manners.
此外，重要的是你要注意餐桌礼仪。
[归纳法记牢]
be vital for/to sth. 对……极为重要
It is vital that ...(should) do sth. ……是十分重要的
It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要
3．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待
一语串起 He treated us as honored guests, and treated us to a big dinner. We all much appreciated his treat.他把我们当作尊贵的客人，用丰盛的晚餐招待我们。我们十分感激他的热情款待。
用法释义 (1)treat sb. as ... 把某人当……看待treat sth. seriously 认真对待某事/某物treat sb./oneself to 用……款待某人/自己(2)It's my treat. 我请客。(3)treatment n. 治疗；处理；对待
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练] 单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江6月高考)It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.
②Drunk driving should be treated as a crime regardless of whether the driver causes a crash.
③Men and women must be treated (treat) equally in education and employment.
④(2020·江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment (treat)．
[名师指津] 用作动词时，treat通常强调过程，指对病人进行“诊断和治疗”，不一定治好。cure通常强调结果，指“治愈(病人或疾病)”常用于cure sb.of ...。
4．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用；脚踩vi.申请；请求；使用；有效
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中apply的含义①You may apply in person or by letter; either will be OK.申请②At last he applied a little wax polish (蜡油) on the leg.涂；敷③The dog lying on the road, he applied his brake quickly.脚踩④The new discovery may be applied in medicine.应用；运用
理明白 (1)apply ... to ... 把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于apply to ... 适应/适用……apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请……(2)applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请；申请书；适用
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
⑤We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
⑥I'd appreciate it if you could take my application (apply) into account at your convenience.
?根据提示完成下面小语段
In order to further my study abroad, I have ⑦applied to four universities for (向四所大学申请……) postgraduate study. As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way.I hope it can ⑧apply to (适合) me.If I succeed, I will ⑨apply myself to (致力于) study, hoping to make contributions to the society.
?补全句子
⑩(2019·全国卷I书面表达)I am writing to apply for the position as a volunteer of the Chinese painting exhibition.
我写信是想应聘这次中国画展览的志愿者一职。
1．in place在适当的位置；适当
(1)out of place 不在适当位置；不合适
in place of 代替；取代
in the first place 首先；第一点
(2)take place 发生；举行
take one's place 就座；代替
take the place of 代替；取代
[演绎法练通] 根据语境选用place的短语填空/词汇升级
①You'd better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.
②Some of these books are out of place, making the whole room messy.
③Mary took the place of Tom to arrange the meeting which would take place in the company.
④Firstly (＝In the first place), with a good command of English, I'm quite qualified for the job.(升级加蓝词汇)
2．make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
(1)make a difference to 对……起作用/有影响
make some/no/little difference (to ...) (对……)有些/没作用或影响
(2)tell the difference (between ... and ...) 辨别/区分(……与……)
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①What you have said will make no difference to the naughty boy.
②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them.
③Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in our life.
只有言行一致我们才能在生活中产生影响。
3．be doing ...when ...
[教材原句] John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。
用法规则 (1)be doing ...when ... 表示“正在做……这时……”。(2)be about to do ...when ...表示“正打算做……这时……”。(3)be on the point of doing ...when ...表示“正要做……这时……”。(4)had just done ...when ...表示“刚做完……这时……”。
注意事项 when 为并列连词，表示“这时，突然”，相当于and then/and at that time。
[针对训练] 补全句子/句型转换
①Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
②I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.
我刚做完试卷铃就响了。
③I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
→I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly (firm) rooted.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In some cases, it's not so much the treatment (treat) of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.
3．(2020·浙江7月高考)However, a variety (various)of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama.
4．(2020·江苏高考)The WHO China Joint Mission on COVID 19 held a press conference in Beijing.
5．(2020·江苏高考)BBC poured (pour) tons of efforts into these films. All these efforts made the inaccessible things about China easily understood by the foreign audience.
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I am busy preparing for my final exam, which is vital to me, so I cannot keep the appointment.
7．(2016·四川高考)They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections (infect)．
8．(2013·陕西高考)Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2017·江苏高考)He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. 盆②(2014·北京高考)I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me.障碍物
词类活用 ①(2012·天津高考)If you are involved in an accident，you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.n.帮助②(2010·广东高考)Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.vt.毒害
生词僻义 ①(2018·北京高考)Also, sometimes pre anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.暂时的②(2015·浙江高考)Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph.Each axis will always have a label.标签；标记
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard earned.In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.
A．add B．expose
C．apply D．compare
解析：选C 联系空后的“to our future professions”可知，我们的论文是关于我们打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业中的。add ... to ... “把……添加到……”；expose ... to ... “使……暴露在……”；compare ... to ... “把……比作……”。
2．(2017·北京高考)In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of praises.For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.But through all this, Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 55 in the world.You can, too!
A．choice B．profit
C．judgement D．difference
解析：选D 汉纳是通过努力改变世界的年轻人之一。make a difference“使变得不同”。
3．(2013·北京高考)Lola doesn't want to be 48 differently from the other girls on her team.At competitions, the judges don't know about her vision problems.She doesn't tell them, because she doesn't think they need to know.Her mom is amazed by her positive attitude.
A．greeted B．treated
C．served D．paid
解析：选B 下一句提到在比赛时裁判都不知道她的眼睛有问题，由此可知她不想在比赛中被区别“对待”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·北京高考书面表达)通过这次活动，我相信劳动才是最重要的，每个人的小小努力都能给我们的社会带来巨大的改变。(make a difference)
Through the activity, I believe that it is labor that matters a lot and that small efforts made by everyone can make a great difference to our society.
2．(2018·浙江6月高考写作)我父亲想带我去度假，以前从来没有过。(treat)
My dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.
3．(湖北高考短文写作)如果我们要想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。(vital)
If we are to make a difference in life，it's vital that we (should) begin with small things.
4．(陕西高考书面表达)我写信是想申请学生志愿者这个职位。(apply)
I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
5．(北京高考书面表达)今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。(be doing ...when ...)
This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①rescue □
②breath □
③relieve □
④heal □
⑤dizzy □
⑥conscious □
⑦infected □
⑧injured □
⑨abnormal □
⑩shock □
pill □
clinic □
capsule □
depression □
operation □
fall ill □
keep calm □
be allergic to □
be advised to □
take the medicine □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The doctor told him that the medicine and rest would soon heal (治愈) his wound.
2．In addition to the school, the village has a clinic (诊所), which was also built with government support.
3．He was suffering from exposure and shock (休克) but his condition was said to be stable.
4．Rescue (救援) workers tried to free him by cutting away part of the car.
5．The doctor advised me to take a capsule (胶囊) this morning.
6．In actual fact, depression (抑郁症) affects not only the mind but also the body.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A fit of dizziness (dizzy) came over her so she had to lie down.
2．It's reported that a great number of people were rescued (rescue) from under the ruins yesterday.
3．The robber knocked him unconscious (conscious), and when he came to himself he was lying alone in the dark.
4．The number of people infected (infect) with HIV may reach 50 million by 2020 unless effective measures are taken to prevent the spread of the disease.
5．British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his colleagues performed more than 11,000 operations (operate), mostly on soldiers suffering from facial wounds from gunshots.
6．First aid treatment consists of pressure on the wound and mouth to mouth breathing (breathe) that can last for several hours.
7．The injured (injure) were taken good care of when he came there.
8．But soon, she came back with a bottle of pills (pill)．
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．First aid is very essential to life, especially when people suddenly fall ill or get injured.
在生活中，急救非常重要，特别是在有人突发疾病或受伤的时候。
2．In time of danger, you must keep calm to solve the problem.
危急时刻，你应该保持镇静以解决问题。
3．She was advised to take the medicine every four hours.
建议她每四小时服一次药。
4．She was allergic to that food, which is why she felt dizzy.
她对那种食物过敏，所以感到头晕。
5．Seeing she lying on the ground, unconscious, we call 120 immediately.
看到她躺在地上，不省人事，我们立即拨打120。
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
Children really need to know some basic first aid skills. This is true whether your child is four or fourteen. So what should you teach your children
Calling for help
Once your child reaches the age of four, he should know all about calling 911 in the event of an emergency. Explain all about what a real emergency is. For example, he should call 911 if an adult asks him to, if an adult passes out and cannot be woken, if there is a fire and he can't find an adult, or if people are hurt.
As I am typing this, I just realized that although my kids are taught about 911, the telephones in the house are out of reach for all but my oldest child (to prevent the other two from playing with the phone). Don't make this mistake yourself, or your children wouldn't get in touch with the police in time.
Cuts and scrapes (擦伤)
Teach children about basic care for cuts and scrapes. In my house, the kids all know that cuts must be cleaned and know where the bandages are. They also know how to put pressure on a cut to make it stop bleeding. Of course they should ask an adult for help, but they should also know a bit about self care. Believe it or not, I had to help a teenage neighbor once who had no idea what to do when he cut his hand on broken glass. He just ran around in a circle.
Burns
Tell your child that if he ever gets a burn, he should immediately call for help and then run the cool but not cold water for the burn. Getting a burn cooled down quickly can reduce the damage to the skin. This is important if no adult is with your child when a burn occurs.
语篇解读：本文为说明文。文章主要讲述父母该如何教孩子们一些急救措施。
1．What does the underlined part “this mistake” refer to
A．Letting kids play with the phone.
B．Stopping kids from using the phone.
C．Not telling kids to call 911.
D．Keeping the phone out of kids' reach.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“... are out of reach for all but my oldest child”可知，画线部分是指不让小孩接触电话这一错误。
2．What does the example of the author's teenage neighbor mainly tell us
A．Getting help is very important.
B．Even teenagers can cut their hands.
C．Not all teenagers are good at self care.
D．We should be prepared to help others.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Believe it or not ... just ran around in a circle.”可知，这个例子表明有些青少年还不知道怎么采取急救措施来照顾好自己。
3．What should we do if we get a burn
A．Look for the bandages.
B．Put some ice on the burn.
C．Cool the burn under water.
D．Wait for rescuers patiently.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据末段的“... run the cool but not cold water for the burn”可知应选C项。
4．What's the text mainly for
A．Kids. B．Parents.
C．Teachers. D．Students.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章中出现的“Once your child”“Teach children”以及“Tell your child”可知本文是针对父母写的。
B
It only took four hours of their time — but the parent and baby first aid course that Susan and Neale Blomley attended enabled them to save their baby daughter's life.
As they prepared for the birth of their twins last year, expectant parents Susan and Neale Blomley took part in a Red Cross parent and baby first aid course. Just a few months later they were faced with every parent's nightmare (噩梦), when one of their four week old twin babies suddenly stopped breathing.
Susan, from Dibden in Southampton, recalled：Emma and Lucy both had very bad coughs with lots of mucus (粘液) and running noses. They were trying to start coughing but they were so young and didn't have enough cough reflexes (反射动作). Then Emma stopped breathing — it was as if she was holding her breath. “She started to go blue from the forehead down. At first we felt panicky, then the training just kicked in. Neale used his hand to support Emma's head, then leaned her right forward and slapped (拍) her back. She continued trying to cough and suddenly started breathing again. We were so relieved — it was an awful moment.”
Although the couple had previously taken a standard first aid course, they signed up for the parent and baby first aid training because, as Susan explained: “We were concerned that if anything did happen to the babies while we were at home, we weren't sure of what we needed to do differently from adult first aid. The course was easy to pick up. It was a relaxing atmosphere, which helps learning.”
Looking back on the terrifying incident, Susan said：“It felt quite natural to do it. Having been shown how to deal with such a situation at the first aid course — and having had plenty of practice on the plastic dummy (人体模型) — we felt we had the experience to know what to do.”
“Our story is proof that just a few simple first aid skills can make a difference. Having the proper skills — and the confidence to use them — saved our baby's life.”
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一对参加过幼儿急救课程的父母用课堂所学急救知识救了自己的孩子。
5．What can be learned about Emma and Lucy when the incident happened
A．They broke their noses.
B．They were breathing fast.
C．They kept kicking their legs.
D．They couldn't let out a cough.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“They were trying to start coughing but they were so young and didn't have enough cough reflexes(反射动作)．”可知，孩子们咳不出来，导致不能呼吸。
6．What can be learned about Susan and Neale
A．They became parents last year.
B．They were both very quick learners.
C．They got a fright when the baby stopped breathing.
D．They took the parent and baby first aid course twice.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“At first we felt panicky”可知，夫妻俩受到了惊吓。
7．What can be inferred about the couple
A．They have a spirit of adventure.
B．They have a relaxed attitude to life.
C．They have a strong sense of responsibility.
D．They want to make a difference to the world.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第四段中的“We were concerned that if anything did happen to the babies while we were at home, we weren't sure of what we needed to do differently from adult first aid”可知，夫妻俩责任感很强。
8．What's the best title for the text
A．Neale and Susan's story
B．Sign up for first aid courses
C．Four week old twins' crucial moment
D．Four hour first aid course saved baby's life
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章主要讲的是一对参加过幼儿急救课程的父母用课堂所学急救知识救了自己的孩子，D项作标题概括全面。
C
The ancient city of Chichén Itzá in southern Mexico was one of the most powerful cities and one of the most powerful ancient cultures — the Maya.But today, no one lives there.It is only a group of old buildings.However, people from around the world still come to see it.People come to learn about its ancient culture, the cultural features of the Mayan people.
The Mayan culture began almost 3,000 years ago and grew in parts of Central America.But about 1,000 years ago a group called the Itzá invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells.They named the city Chichén Itzá， which means “mouth of the well of the Itzá”．The most interesting structure in Chichén Itzá is the Pyramid of Kukulcan (库库尔坎金字塔)，whose four sides all come together at one point at the top.Each side on the Pyramid of Kukulcan has 91 steps.And there is one more step at the top of the pyramid.The steps are as many as the days of a year.Some researchers believe the Maya could have used this building to help them know when to plant crops.Each day the sun falls on a different step of the pyramid, which could be a way to follow the year.
The documents showed that the people of Chichén Itzá especially designed one building to observe and study the movement of the stars and planets. Researchers say that the observatory (天文台) is one of the most complex structures the Maya built.A set of steps go up and around the observatory tower.And there are windows in the tower.Each window has a purpose. Researchers believe that a person looking through one of these windows can see particular stars on particular dates.The Maya might have believed that studying the stars could tell them the future.
Chichén Itzá is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an important part of the world's history.Get interested Then pay a visit to it to find more remains!
语篇解读：文章对世界文化遗产之一的玛雅文化遗址——奇琴伊察进行了详细的介绍。
9．Visitors came to the city of Chichén Itzá to .
A．view its beautiful scenery
B．experience and explore the Mayan culture
C．study and observe other stars on the observatory
D．learn something about when to plant crops
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“People come to learn about its ancient culture, the cultural features of the Mayan people.”可知，游客们来到奇琴伊察是为了体验和探索玛雅文化。
10．Why did the invaders name the city “mouth of the well of the Itzá”？
A．Because wells can be seen in or around the city.
B．Because it is large in size.
C．Because the city is newly built.
D．Because its location is vital.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But about 1,000 years ago a group called the Itzá invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells.”可知，入侵者之所以给它起这个名字，是因为这座城市到处可以看到天然井。所以选A项。
11．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage
A．To evaluate the Mayan culture.
B．To persuade readers to pay a visit.
C．To introduce the ancient city of Chichén Itzá.
D．To present the development of the Mayan construction.
解析：选B 写作意图题。本文对玛雅文化遗址进行了详细的介绍，并且根据最后一段可知作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观。所以选B项。
tips 分析文章结构，攻克写作意图题
写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解文章中的文字表述、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者的写作意图。
例如上文第11小题。本文先介绍世界各地的游客参观玛雅遗址，又介绍了它的古代文化和成就，最后一段推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观，此时文章的写作目的也就一目了然了，是为了推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观。
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