Unit 1 Women of achievement
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．specialist n． 专家；专业工作者
2．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
3．welfare n. 福利；福利事业
4．modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
5．project n. 项目；工程；规划
6．rate n. 比率；速度
7．bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带
8．outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚
9．career n. 事业；生涯
10．institute n. 学会；学院；协会
第二组：写其形
1．generation n. 一代；一辈
2．support n．& vt. 支持；拥护
3．crowd n. 人群；观众
vt. 挤满；使拥挤
4．campaign n. 运动；战役
vi. 作战；参加运动
5．deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
6．worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的
7．respect vt.& n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意
8．childhood n. 童年；幼年时代
9．audience n. 观众；听众；读者
10．shade n. 荫；阴凉处
vt. 遮住光线
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．achievement n．成就；功绩→achieve vt.完成；达到
2．connection n．连接；关系→connect vt.连接
3．organization n．组织；机构；团体→organize vt.组织
4．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性
5．observe vt.观察；观测；遵守→observation n．观察；观测
6．argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵
7．inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n．鼓舞；灵感
8．refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n．提及；涉及；参考；查阅
9．intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．打算；目的；意图
10．considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v．考虑；认为→consideration n．考虑；体谅→considering prep.考虑到
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．move off 离开；起程；出发
2．lead/live a ...life 过着……的生活
3．crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
4．look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
5．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；提及
6．by chance 碰巧；凑巧
7．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见
8．carry on 继续；坚持
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．only＋状语置于句首句子要用部分倒装
悟原句 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
背佳句 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can you behave properly.
2．once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”
悟原句 Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
背佳句 (2020·天津7月高考) Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e mail, so you can pick it up.
3．“It hits/hit sb.＋从句”表示“某人突然想到……”
悟原句 Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
背佳句 It hit me that this foreigner was the one I saw in the supermarket!
4．It is/was ...that/who ... 强调句型
悟原句 Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
背佳句 (2019·浙江6月高考写作)It is with your help that I have made great progress in English.
1. ency结尾名词小聚
①emergency 突发事件
②efficiency 效率；功效
③fluency 流畅
④frequency 频繁；频率
⑤agency 代理
2.“支持， 反对”表立场
①support n．& vt. 支持
②in favour of 支持
③approve v. 赞成
④argue against 反对
⑤be against 反对
⑥oppose v. 反对
3.“v.＋off”短语速记
①move off 离开；起程；出发
②pay off 偿清；取得好结果
③put off 推迟
④give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
⑤take off 起飞；脱掉
4.“v.＋on”短语聚焦
①carry on 继续；坚持
②work on 继续工作
③put on 穿上
④try on 试穿
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The connection (connect) between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.
2．(2020·天津7月高考)Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery (deliver) vehicles.
3．(2020·天津7月高考)Your local library can help you start a business by providing relevant information and supporting (support) services.
4．The teenager from China was respectable (respect) for what she had done.
5．The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others.(behave)
6．Some went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune, while others intended to learn some skills of earning money.(intend)
7．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement.(achieve)
8．He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health.At last, he argued us out of smoking.(argue)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
2．Everything has been well prepared for the scientific research and the team is about to move off.
3．Memories crowded in on me when I saw the photo.
4．Last month I came across my old school friend on the flight to Beijing.
5．You can refer to this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.
6．Don't look down upon/on any people around you since each of them is equal and important in this world.
7．They all know success doesn't happen by chance.Only through hard work can we manage to achieve our dream.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．worthwhile/worth/worthy
①It is worth/worthwhile listening to the lecture, though it is rather long.
②He who does his duty is worthy of being praised.
③I think it worthwhile to see the film again.
2．argue/debate/quarrel
①The couple are always quarrelling about small things.
②She argued him out of leaving his job and helping her.
③Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.
3．in/with
①His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
②His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝词汇在语境中的含义
1．When we attend the parade to observe (庆祝) the National Day, we must observe (遵守) the traffic regulations.If we observe (看到) someone run a red light, we should stop him.
2．The coat was sold at a modest price so I bought it at once. 合适的
3．(2020·天津5月高考)Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. 激发
4．As an educational specialist, his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country. 专家
5．These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and welfare of immigrants.
福利
6．Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.
突发事件；紧急情况
7．Today the police have launched a campaign to reduce road accidents. 运动
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．只有当他告诉我这个消息时我才知道真相。(倒装句)
Only when he told me the news did I know the truth.
2．他一旦作出决定，我们就无法使他改变他的想法。(once引导的状语从句)
We cannot make him change his mind once he has made a decision.
3．就在她正要上床睡觉的时候，电话铃响了。(强调句型)
It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.
4．我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。(hit)
It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.
1．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对某人表现好/差
behave oneself 规矩；表现得体
(2)well behaved adj. 表现好的
badly behaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behavio(u)r n． [U] 行为；举止；习性
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us very disappointed.
②Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general, I was quite pleased with his behavio(u)r.(behave)
③Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves (them)．
?补全句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As far as I'm concerned, you should mind your behaviour during the meal.
就我个人而言， 用餐时，你应该注意你的行为举止。
2．observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝；看到；注意到
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中observe的含义①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守②It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝③(2019·天津高考)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.注意到④The thief was observed to open the window and run away.看到
理明白 observe sb.do sth.观察/注意到某人做某事(全过程) observe sb.doing sth.观察/注意到某人正在做某事observe that ... 观察/发现……
[名师指津] observe后跟不带to的不定式或v. ing作宾语补足语，即observe sb.do/doing sth.，但在被动语态中必须带to，即sb./sth.be observed to do sth.
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
⑤The guard observed a young man stealing (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.
⑥In my 20 days in Xi'an, I got the opportunity to observe (observe) Chinese culture closely, and thus it left an unforgettable mark on me.
?句型转换
⑦(2017·北京高考书面表达)On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea of clouds.
→On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed the sun rising from the sea of clouds.
3．respect vt.尊敬；尊重；遵守 n．尊敬；尊重；敬意；细节；方面；问候
(1)respect sb.for sth. 因某事而尊敬或敬重某人
(2)have/show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊敬或敬重
give/send one's respects to 代某人向……问候
in respect of/with respect to 关于；就……而言
out of respect for ... 出于对……的尊敬；顾及
(3)respected adj. 受人尊敬的；受敬重的
respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①In the past, everyone passed by the Confucian Temple on foot, showing respect for Confucius.
②The moment you meet your parents, please give my respects (respect) to them.
③Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out of respect for farmers' labor.
?翻译句子
④(2020·浙江1月高考)经过多年的努力，我已经在一所中学里成为一位受尊重的老师，为需要帮助的学生服务。
Through years of efforts, I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high need students.
[名师指津] respect表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数名词；表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；表示“敬意；问候”时，多用复数形式(如句②)。
4．argue vi.& vt.争论；辩论；讨论；证明；主张；认为
(1)argue for/against sth. 据理力争/反对某事
argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人争论/辩论某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵；论据
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①They argue constantly about money and their relationship is becoming increasingly fragile.
②After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue)．
③As our family income decreased, father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
?补全句子
④We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice, but in vain.
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。
[联想发散] “说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：
①persuade sb.to do sth. ②persuade sb.into doing sth.
③convince sb.to do sth. ④talk sb.into doing sth.
5．support vt.& n．支持；拥护；供养；资助；支撑
?单句语法填空
①His suggestions put forward at the meeting were supported (support) by his supporters.
②With his wife's support, Mr Wang contributed a lot of money to the people in the stricken area.
?补全句子
③Only a few people were in support of his plan, which made him very disappointed.
只有少数人支持他的计划，这使他很失望。
④When he was about to give up the struggle, his companions came to his support.
正当他要放弃斗争之际，他的同伴们来支持他了。
[归纳法记牢]
in support of sb./sth. 支持或拥护某人/某事
with one's support 在某人的支持下
come to one's support 来支持某人
6．intend vt.计划；打算
(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth.(＝intended to have done sth.)
本来打算做某事(但实际未做)
(2)be intended for/to do ... 打算为……所用；专门给……
(3)intention n. 意图；目的；打算
with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算……
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空
①(2020·天津7月高考) Making a full length clay (黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do (do)!
②I had intended (intend) to catch the early train, but I didn't get up in time.
③The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children.
④With the intention of raising the awareness of the environmental protection, about 100 local villagers have said goodbye to what once was a glacier (冰川)．
1．look down upon/on蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
一语串起 Nowadays, he is looked on/upon as a hero and looked up to by his fans; when looking back, he never forgets those days when he was looked down upon because he was good for nothing.His determination and efforts have helped him make it.现在他被看作是一名英雄，被粉丝们崇拜；回顾过去，他永远忘不了自己不务正业而被人看不起的日子。是他的毅力和努力让他成功了。
用法释义 look up to 尊敬；仰视look forward to 盼望；期待look into 调查；观察；窥视look up 抬头看；查阅look out (for ...) 注意，当心，留神(……)look through 浏览；仔细查看look on/upon ...as 把……看作……look back 回顾；回头看
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练] 用look的相关短语填空
①I often look up the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
②We shouldn't look down upon/on a person because he is poor.
③I looked through today's newspaper but I found nothing important.
④The reason why I look up to the artist is that his works are inspiring.
⑤(2019·全国卷I书面表达)I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.Looking forward to your reply.
2．refer to 提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把……称作……
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中refer to的含义①If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅②Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are preparing for a test.参考③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及
理明白 (1)refer to ...as ... 把……称作……refer ...to ... 把……提交给……；让(人)参考……(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅
[针对训练] 单句语法填空
④People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．
⑤(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)His judgment and references (refer) are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.
⑥As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.
[名师指津] (1)refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：referred, referred, referring。
(2)“查词典”可表达为：refer to the dictionary; consult the dictionary; look up a word in the dictionary; search through a dictionary等。
3．it hit/hits sb.＋从句“某人突然想到……”
[教材原句] Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
突然我想到在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
[用法规则]
it hit sb. how/that/wh ...意为“某人突然想到……”， it在句中作形式主语。类似的句式还有：
It occurs/occurred to sb.that ... 某人突然想到……
It strikes/struck sb.that ... 某人突然想到……
It happens/happened that ... 碰巧……
[针对训练] 补全句子/一句多译
①It happened that they spent their childhood in the same village.
碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。
②我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。
→It hit me that I had met him somewhere.
→It struck me that I had met him somewhere.
→It occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections (connect), and keep my ideas to myself.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Though she has been teaching English for twenty years, she is still passionate about teaching.She is kind and considerate towards us just like our dear mother.
3．(2020·天津7月高考)How should you start Modestly (modest), so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements (achieve), your desires, etc.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment (entertain)．
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations (organize)．
7．(2017·天津高考)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
8．(2017·天津高考)The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.You write an unkind message about someone, intending (intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you're discussing.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.激发
词类活用 (2019·浙江6月高考)Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．adj.拥挤的
生词僻义 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.项目
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·江苏高考) He proved that it's not what happens to us that 55 our lives — it's what we make of what happens.
A．distinguishes B．determines
C．claims D．limits
解析：选B 根据下文的“it's what we make of what happens”可知，他证明了不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。故选B。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he brought the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin.
A．chosen B．received
C．ordered D．moved
解析：选D 根据上文“When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily”可推测，Nicolo把两幅画和那个餐桌都从Turin带到了 Sicily。
3．(2017·天津高考)Influenced by her story, I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals 24 .My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise 50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This combination of healing myself and healing the world struck me as the perfect solution.
A．project B．business
C．system D．custom
解析：选A 这是作者创办的一个项目，因此用名词project表示“项目，方案”。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn't reaching the top.Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures.This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.
A．studied B．observed
C．explored D．regarded
解析：选D 由“spiritual places by many cultures”可知，山被许多文化视为心灵之地。study“学习，研究”；observe“观察”；explore“探索”；regard“把……看作”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) 我们都很尊重她，因为她总是尝试着一些新方法使她的课既生动又有趣。(respect)
We all respect her because she always tries new ways to make her classes lively and interesting.
2．(2019·浙江6月高考写作)更重要的是，正是你不断的鼓励激发了我的自信。(强调句；inspire)
What's more, it was your constant encouragement that inspired me to be confident.
3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)这所大学以其面向国际学生的语言和文化课程而闻名。(intend)
The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.
4．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)因此，应该制订网络投票的规则并严格遵守。(observe)
Therefore, rules of online voting should be worked out and strictly observed.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①specialist □
②childhood □
③argue □
④observe □
⑤achieve □
⑥connect □
⑦consider □
⑧encourage □
⑨support □
⑩sick □
facial □
brave □
confident □
diligent □
determined □
outspoken □
devote oneself to □
won the gold medal □
enjoy world wide fame □
make great contributions to □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·浙江1月高考)I was born legally blind. Of all the stories of my early childhood (童年), the one about a tree is my mother's favorite.
2．(2020·天津7月高考)And I'd like to embrace it bravely (勇敢地), no matter what the challenge is.
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)There was a man sick (生病) in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy.
4．When you talking about your achievement (成就), be confident but don't exaggerate, brag or lie.
5．In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear, nose and throat specialist (专家)．
6．Uncle Frank is an outspoken (直率的) man and easy to get along with.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected (connect) than I ever had to any sports team.
2．Staff voted to continue an unofficial strike in support of seven colleagues who were dismissed last week.
3．She was quite optimistic and energetic, which brought me a lot of happiness and courage.I learned something precious from her — confidence (confident) in life.
4．Her facial (face) expression suggested that she was satisfied with what she had done in the research.
5．Her encouraging (encourage) words inspired us to move on.
6．Her bravery (brave) and virtue won her much fame in the world.
7．She was so diligent (diligence) that she worked day and night.And this explained why she had so many great inventions.
8．As far as work is concerned, she is determined (determine) to become a film maker.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Devoted to the science research, she is highly thought of by the people around.
她致力于科学研究，受到周围人们的高度评价。
2．The Chinese Women Volleyball Team, coached by Lang Ping, won the gold medal in the game.
由郎平执教的中国女排在比赛中夺得金牌。
3．Setting up several organizations and launching a campaign to protect animals have made her enjoy world wide fame.
她成立了几个组织，发起一项保护动物的运动，使她世界闻名。
4．Owing to the fact that she can do whatever she has chosen with great perseverance, she has made great contributions to the development of our society.
由于她能够坚持不懈地做她所选择做的任何事情，所以她对我们社会的发展做出了巨大贡献。
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
Where some people see creepy (令人毛骨悚然的) insects, Jennifer Angus sees beauty: Rather than rely simply on paints and dyes, the 55 year old professor of textile (纺织品) design creates patterns from thousands of lively insects.
As a kid, Angus had a penchant for patterns, but she didn't develop an interest in insects until her late 20s, when she was researching textiles in Thailand and discovered a table cover.“The fringe (饰边) was made with metallic looking green beetle (甲虫) wings，” says Angus.“I'd never seen beautiful insects — maybe because I grew up in Canada, where all the insects were brown or black. I realized I could take insects and turn them into patterns.”
Angus's insects aren't backyard ones. Most come from countries like Peru, Malaysia and Indonesia.“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people，” says Angus. And she refuses to work with endangered species：“If an insect seems hard to find, I won't use it.”
Since 2002, Angus has created site specific works of art at galleries and museums around the world — like her latest piece at the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery in Washington，D.C. “My collection is very fragile，” says Angus. “I've been refusing some insects for more than 15 years, so I drive it everywhere myself. That means working out exactly how many insects I'll use. I can't get to a gallery and go, ‘I need another 500 cicadas！’”
Angus hopes to inspire a sense of wonder and appreciation in her viewers.“If people leave one of my shows thinking about insects in a new way — one that doesn't involve a fly killer — that's a success，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了以昆虫为创作材料的艺术家Jennifer Angus。
1．What does the underlined part “had a penchant for” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Had respect for. B．Had a liking for.
C．Was frightened of. D．Was confused about.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据上文“the 55 year old professor of textile (纺织品) design”和后面的“researching textiles” 可知，Angus 从小就对设计各类图案感兴趣。
2．What kind of insects does Angus use in her patterns
A．Rare ones. B．Winged ones.
C．Common ones. D．Backyard ones.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people”和“If an insect seems hard to find, I won't use it.”可以推知，Angus用的是普通的昆虫。
3．What can be learned about Angus's works of art
A．They can be seen around the world.
B．They sometimes take over 10 years to finish.
C．They are mostly created at Angus's own house.
D．They are mostly in the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Angus has created site specific works of art at galleries and museums around the world”可知，Angus的作品在世界各地都可以看到。
4．What are Angus's hopes for her works of art
A．They will win her more followers.
B．They will bring her a sense of success.
C．They will inspire more research on insects.
D．They will raise public awareness about the protection of insects.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可以推知，Angus希望自己的作品能够提高公众对昆虫的保护意识。
B
In most circles, a collection of algae specimens (海藻标本) wouldn't cause much excitement, but for botanist (a scientist who studies plants) Anna Atkins, born on March 16, 1799, the aquatic plant life helped to solidify her place in history.Atkins had an unusual upbringing for a woman of her time. In the footsteps of her zoologist father, she developed a love for botany and botanical illustration (插图)．Her early paintings of shells, for example, can be found accompanying work by her father.But it wasn't until she studied under two pioneers of the then new field of photography, that her career took off.
In 1825, Anna married a merchant, John Pelly Atkins, who happened to be a friend of photographer William Henry Fox Talbot.Atkins would study directly under Talbot and was said to have had access to a camera as early as 1841.Because of this, some have declared Atkins, one of the few women in photography during that century, the first ever female photographer, though Talbot's wife Constance is thought to possibly hold the title.
In 1842, another friend of the Atkins family, Sir John Herschel, invented a photographic process called the “cyanotype，” which didn't involve a camera at all.Atkins quickly learned the process, in which light sensitive chemicals are used to produce a brilliant, dark greenish blue print.In 1843 she used the process to create an album of algae specimens and the next year she privately published a book illustrated with photographs.Only 13 copies are known to exist, in various states of completeness.
Despite the undeniable (不可否认的) beauty of cyanotype prints, scientists like Atkins weren't so much interested in photography as an art form. Instead, they used photography for scientific purposes, replacing the watercolors and woodcuts used as illustrative mediums at the time.The cyanotype process was also used to create copies of architectural plans, and these copies were called blueprints.Even though the process is no longer used, any construction document or detailed plan is still referred to as a blueprint.
Atkins and her husband had no children together.She died in 1871 at the age of 72.We can only imagine what she would think of how drastically the realms (领域) of science and photography have expanded since then.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在早期摄影史上留下了光辉印记的英国女植物学家——安娜·阿特金斯。
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．The first camera was invented in 1841.
B．Anna Atkins' father had a great love for drawing.
C．Photography was something new in the early 19th century.
D．Few females chose science as a career in Anna Atkins' time.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“the then new field of photography”可知，在安娜·阿特金斯生活的年代摄影还是新兴领域。
6．What can be learned about Anna Atkins
A．Her 13 books with photographs are in good condition.
B．Her husband had a big influence on her choice of career.
C．She was noted for her combining photography and science.
D．She was officially regarded as the first female photographer.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，安娜·阿特金斯学习摄影后使用朋友新发明的氰版照相法记录植物的标本，出版了作品集《不列颠藻类》，再结合第一段中的“the aquatic plant life helped to solidify her place in history”可知，安娜·阿特金斯因将摄影技术应用于科学研究成果而颇负盛名。
7．What do we know about the cyanotype
A．It was the brainchild of Talbot.
B．It is a simple but high cost technique.
C．It is still employed by contemporary architects.
D．It enables people to produce images without a camera.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which didn't involve a camera at all”可知，该摄影技术不用照相机就能产生影像。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．A photographic invention.
B．The history of photography.
C．The effect of photography on science.
D．A great female botanist and photographer.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，文章以时间为线索介绍了英国女植物学家安娜·阿特金斯的生平以及在科学和摄影领域的成就。故D项可以恰当地概括文章主旨。
C
Don't get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying.He simply may not be able to resist.A University of Iowa(UI) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long term pay off of studying.
“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study.“They draw adolescent.Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager's best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”
For parents, that means limiting distraction (分心的事情) so teenagers can make better choices.Take the homework and social media dilemma: At 9 p．m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facehook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “I'm not saying they shouldn't be allowed access to technology，” Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse control skills.”
In their study，Vaidya and co author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher level reasoning.
“We wanted to try to understand the brain's reward system how it change from childhood to adulthood.” Says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision making.“We've been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an under developed frontal lobe，” he adds.For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.
In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological (神经学上的) aspects of their results.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年对即时效应和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年来说总是充满吸引力。
9．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．The initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the long term pay off of studying.
B．Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.
C．Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.
D．Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“... teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.”可知，本文介绍了青少年对即时效应和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力，故B项正确。
10．Which statement agrees with Vaidya's idea
A．The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.
B．Parents should help children in making decisions.
C．Children should have access to the Internet.
D．Children need help in refocusing their attention.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Vaidya认为帮助孩子们集中注意力是必要的，这样他们就能发展出控制冲动的技能，故D项正确。
11．What result does teenagers' brain underdevelopment lead to
A．Doing things after some thought.
B．Making good decisions.
C．Joining in dangerous actions.
D．Escaping risky behavior.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In their study ... teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.”可知，大脑前庭发育不良会导致青少年冲动、做错误的决定和参与危险的行为，故C项正确。
12．How did the researchers carry out their study
A．By making a comparison of brain examinations.
B．By examining adults' brain.
C．By examining teenage brain.
D．By building the train's reward system.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“For their study，the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents，aged 13 and 16，and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”可知，研究人员是通过对比40名青少年和40名成人的检查结果而展开研究的，故A项正确。
tips “四步法”巧解推理判断题
(1)浏览试题，明确要求。在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项，带着问题阅读文章，便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
(2)通读全文，抓住主要内容。抓住中心思想和段落大意，注意文章的第一段或每段开头的前两个句子，这些地方往往包含着文章/段落的中心思想、作者的意图或是全文/段落的概述。
(3)进行合理的推理判断。根据句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等对上下文之间的关系进行推理判断。
(4)认真复读，验证答案。用全文的中心思想统领各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，确保理解无误。
例如上文第12题，根据题干中的“carry out their study”定位倒数第二段最后一句“For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”，在此基础上进行适度、合理推测可知，“让这些不同年龄段的人参与是为了作比较”。
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22Unit 2 Working the land
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．statistic n． 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
2．sunburnt adj. 晒黑的
3．output n. 产量；输出
4．circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传
5．skim vt. 浏览；略读
6．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领
7．personality n. 性格；个性；人格
8．organic adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的
9．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物
10．industrial adj. 工业的；产业的
第二组：写其形
1．decade n. 十年；十年期
2．soil n. 土壤
3．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要
4．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾；懊悔
5．comment n. 评论；议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论
6．focus n. 焦点；中心点
vt. 集中；聚焦
7．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
8．reduce vt. 减少；减缩
9．struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力
10．expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展
11．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
12．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争
vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗
13．export vt.& vi. 输出；出口
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的
2．freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的
3．production n．生产；制造→produce vt.生产→producer n．生产者；制片人
4．discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者
5．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．装备；设备(不可数)
6．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的
7．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.心烦意乱的；心神不安的→disturb vt.扰乱；打扰
8．nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．rid ...of 使……摆脱或除去
2．be satisfied with 对……感到满意
3．would rather 宁愿；宁可
4．build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
5．thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
6．lead to 导致；造成(后果)
7．focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
8．keep ...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；
使……不含(有害物)
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式
悟原句 If so, what did you do to grow them？
背佳句 (2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) Would you like to join our school table tennis team If so, please email me as soon as possible.
2．“make it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构
悟原句 This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
背佳句 Your smile is one of the strongest tools that makes it possible for you to meet new people.
3．would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”
悟原句 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
背佳句 (2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We would rather make delicious dumplings with our own hands than buy some for the elderly.
1.纷纷发表“评论”
①comment 评论；议论
②remark 评论
③review 回顾；复习；评论
④criticism 批评
⑤statement 声明；陈述
⑥announcement 声明；通告
2.“扩大；扩展”方式多变
①expand 使变大；伸展
②enlarge 扩大；放大
③spread 拓展；蔓延；传播
④extend 延伸；扩大
⑤broaden 使……变宽；扩展
⑥widen 加宽；使扩大
3.“集中注意力”聚焦
①focus on 集中注意力于
②be absorbed in 全神贯注于
③pay attention to 注意
④concentrate on 集中精力于
⑤fix one's attention on 集中注意力于
⑥put one's heart into 全神贯注于
4.各有各的自由(free)
①keep ...free from/of 使……免受
②as free as a bird 自由自在
③free and easy 自由自在的
④set free 释放
⑤for free 免费
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Our foreign trade has expanded (expand) during recent years in spite of COVID 19.
2．(2020·天津5月高考)Fuel consumption could be reduced (reduce) as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on take off and landing.
3．The reporter commented (comment) that the film Lost and Love was very moving.
4．Every year, China exports (export) a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.
5．Having struggled (struggle) for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university.
6．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
7．He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)
8．The discoverer of electricity was Franklin; like many discoveries, it benefits us greatly.(discover)
9．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb)
10．Paper produced every year is three times the weight of the world's production of vehicles.(produce)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．Thanks to their support, we were able to finish our work in time.
2．I'm sure that modern medical technology will rid us of this terrible disease.
3．He learned later that it was his carelessness that led to his failure in the exam.
4．Mr.Brown works hard to keep his families free from/of worries in their life.
5．All of us were satisfied with the perfect service of the restaurant after we had dinner there.
6．Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind.
7．We should focus our attention on our study at school.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．expand/stretch/extend
①The city plans to expand its airport.
②The road builders worked hard to extend the highway.
③She stretched out a hand and picked up the book.
2．to/by
①They reduced the trees by 50%.
②They reduced the tress to three.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝词汇在语境中的含义
1．We would really encourage you to circulate to whom could be interested in. 传播
2．The report underlines the importance of pre school education. 强调
3．It was a struggle for them to carry on with the research without so much money.
困难
4．(2020·天津7月高考)For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. 渴望
Ⅴ.补全句子/翻译句子
1．你应该改掉那些可能损害你健康的坏习惯。(rid)
You should get rid of the bad habits that might damage your health.
2．近年来我们的对外贸易扩大了。(expand)
Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years.
3．据说这类动物的数量已经减少到了1 600只。(reduce)
It is said that the number of the animals has been reduced to 1,600.
4．他评论说这部电影很精彩。(comment)
He commented that it was an excellent film.
5．他因触犯法律而被关进监狱。(therefore)
He broke the law, therefore he was put into prison.
6．大雨使我们很难按时到达学校。(make it＋adj.＋动词不定式)
The heavy rain made it hard for us to get to school on time.
7．(2020·天津7月高考)自从上次去公共图书馆也有一段时间了吧？如果是这样，你会很惊讶地发现图书馆有了更好的变化。(状语从句的省略)
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library
If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
8．他们宁愿尝试后失败了也不愿放弃这个计划。(would rather do ...than do ...)
They would rather try and fail than give up the plan.
1. struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎
?单句语法填空
①At present, the whole world has to struggle against/with the COVID 19.
②Workers are struggling for a clean canteen and healthy food.
③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to lead (lead) an active life.
[归纳法记牢]
struggle for 为争取……而斗争
struggle with 与……斗争；与……并肩作战
struggle against 为反对……而斗争；与……斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
2．equip vt.& vi.装备；配备
(1)equip ...with ... 用……装备……；让某人具备(知识、技能等)
be equipped with 配备着/具有……(常用过去分词作状语)
equip sb./sth. for 为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物
be equipped to do sth. 能够胜任做某事
(2)equipment n．[U] 装备；设备
a piece of equipment 一件装备
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak (speak)．
②He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.
③In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment (equip), fuel and boat repairs.
④We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for future life.
?句式升级
⑤Equipped with much experience in teaching, he is well respected by all his students.(用过去分词作状语升级句②)
3．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆
(1)confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆；辨别不清
be confused by 被……弄混；糊涂
(2)confused adj. 迷惑的；不清楚的
confusing adj. 难以理解的；使人困惑的
confusion n. 困惑；混淆
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①I always confuse John with/and his brother; they are so much alike.
②I would often get confused (confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling.
③There was a confused look on his face when he met with a confusing problem.(confuse)
④To avoid confusion (confuse), please write the children's names clearly on all their school clothes.
?补全句子
⑤For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.
例如，有大量的参考书，我经常会对选择哪本感到困惑。
4．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜；可惜；后悔n.遗憾；懊悔
一语串起 I regretted to tell her that she had been dismissed. Much to my regret, she said to me, “I have no regret. I only regret having taken the wrong job.”我很遗憾地告诉她她被解雇了，让我深感遗憾的是，她对我说：“我没有任何遗憾，我只是后悔选错了工作。”
用法释义 (1)regret 后悔做了某事regret to do sth. 对要做的事情感到遗憾regret that ... 很遗憾……(委婉表示不能做某事)(2)with great regret 非常遗憾to one's regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练] 一句多译
(1)我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京了。
①I regret to tell you that I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(regret vt.)
②Much to my regret/To my great regret, I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(regret n．)
③It is with great regret that I tell you that I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(regret n．)
(2)约翰后悔没参加上周的讲座。
④John regretted not attending last week's lecture.
⑤John regretted not having attended last week's lecture.
⑥John regretted that he had not attended last week's lecture.
5．focus n．焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦
?单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”
②With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
③With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
?补全句子
④It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.
这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)focus on 集中于……
focus one's attention/eyes/energy on 集中注意力/目光/精力于……
(2)the focus of ... ……的焦点/中心
1．build up逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中build up的含义①To learn a language well you must build up useful vocabulary.积累②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐渐增强③You ought to take more sports after school so as to build up your strength.增强……的体质④Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build up a low carbon city by riding bicycles.建立
理明白 pick up 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载take up 拿起；开始；从事；占据(时间或空间)make up 虚构；弥补；组成break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假
[针对训练] 选用以上短语填空/补全句子
⑤A neighbour downstairs asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke up.
⑥It didn't take me long to pick up the basic knowledge of the language.
⑦I must get rid of this large table — it takes up too much room.
⑧There are more than two million farmers, making up two thirds of the total population of the province.
⑨In China, the shape of dumplings is like “jinyuanbao”， a kind of money, which symbols that your wealth will build up next year.
在中国，饺子的形状就像“金元宝”，它是一种货币， 它象征着你的财富将在来年越积越多。
2．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……
一语串起 He led the way, leading us to a village of Shangri La, where we found the local people leading a happy life in such beautiful surroundings. The trip leads us to have a strong desire to explore the mysterious place once more.他带路，领我们来到香格里拉的一个村庄，在那里我们发现当地人在如此美丽的环境中过着幸福的生活。这次旅行使我们有了再次探索这个神秘地方的强烈愿望。
用法释义 lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事lead sb. to/into someplace 带领某人进入某地lead/live a ...life 过……的生活lead the way 引路；带路
[串联式巧记]
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①As the old saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome.”
②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to practice (practice) speaking English in an interesting way.
③The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being caught (catch)．
④With the boy leading (lead) the way, we had no difficulty in finding the destination.
[名师指津] (1)lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或v. ing形式。
(2)表示“导致”的短语还有：result in, contribute to, bring about, account for等。
3．if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式
[教材原句] If so, what did you do to grow them
如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
[用法规则]
(1)if so为“if it is so”的省略形式，if为连词，so指代上文的内容，意为“如果是这样的话”，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。
(2)if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
[针对训练]
?选词填空(if so/if not)
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'm Li Hua. I'm wondering if you are available at the weekend. If so, let's have a face to face talk about Chinese table manners.
②We should do it with all our hearts. If not, we will leave it unfinished.
?补全句子
③If so, please respond to me as quickly as possible.
如果是这样的话，请尽快给我回信。
④If possible, try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。
⑤The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.
这里的气候非常宜人，气温，如果有过的话，在夏天很少达到30摄氏度。
4．would rather do sth. “宁愿做某事”
[教材原句] He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
用法规则 (1)would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做……(3)would rather that＋sb.＋did sth.宁愿某人做某事(表示对现在或将来的虚拟)(4)would rather that＋sb.＋had done sth.宁愿某人做过某事(表示对过去的虚拟)
注意事项 (1)使用would rather ... than ...句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。(2)牢记would rather 后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①She would rather you came (come) tomorrow than today.
②I would rather you had finished (finish) your homework yesterday.
?一句多译
简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。
③Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay (stay) in the library than go to see a movie.
④Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie.
⑤Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers staying (stay) in the library to going to see a movie.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)The hungry (hunger) bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced (reduce) to tears.
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals (chemical) in groundwater.
4．(2019·浙江6月高考)Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.
5．(2019·浙江6月高考)However, when she hung up, she regretted (regret) the way she had handled the call.
6．(2018·江苏高考)Within five minutes, we ordered the one we were satisfied (satisfy) with.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2019·天津高考)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.一件困难的事情②(2018·江苏高考)It's vital that new compulsory age appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.使……具备某种能力
词类活用 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.n.评论②(2017·江苏高考)A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping.v.种庄稼
生词僻义 ①(2019·天津高考)Many of us equate (视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.职业②(2018·天津高考)There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food.焦点
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·天津5月高考)．.. He wore his socks too high, listened to horrible country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment ... This 23 continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance.
A．debate B．party
C．progress D．struggle
解析：选D 此处指的是父亲让作者在朋友面前丢脸，作者也因为有这样的父亲而感到尴尬，这简直是在“挣扎”。故选D。
2．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.
A．precious B．interesting
C．disturbing D．awkward
解析：选C 根据下文表述的洪水发生后，鸟和蛇的数量都减少了可知，这里指的是他家周围发生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
A．rebuilt B．discovered
C．left D．managed
解析：选B 根据空前的“Molai went looking on his own”以及空后的“a nearby island where he began to plant trees”可知，此处表示他发现(discovered)了一个附近的岛屿，他可以在那儿种树。
4．(2016·浙江6月高考)I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents.I told them I was giving up and coming back home.I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer.I 27 be in prison! My father answered my letter with just two lines — two lines that will always sing in my memory — two lines that completely changed my life：
Two men looked out from prison bars，
One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.
A．ought to B．might well
C．would rather D．had better
解析：选C 由该空所在句可知，作者在信中告诉父母，她一分钟也坚持不下去了，她宁愿(would rather)去蹲监狱。
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job.Family to Feed.”
At this store, a sight like this is not normal.My 10 year old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.
A．suggestion B．comment
C．decision D．call
解析：选B 根据后面“how bad it must be ...”可知，这个十岁的孩子是对这个人的行为作出了评论(comment)。make a comment on“对……作出评论”，符合语境。make a suggestion“提建议”；make a decision“作决定”；make a call“打电话”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)因为我们学校新体育馆配备了现代化的设施，因此我们可以在体育馆里举办各种各样的活动。(equip)
As our new stadium is equipped with modern facilities, we can organize a variety of activities in it.
2．(2015·广东高考书面表达)尽管DNA测试有助于增强人们的健康意识，然而也很可能会导致过度焦虑。(lead to)
While DNA test will help strengthen people's health consciousness, it is more probable that it will lead to over anxiety.
3．(2014·安徽高考书面表达)重要的是学会控制自己的脾气，这样你就不会做或说任何你会后悔的事情。(regret)
The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret.
4．(四川高考书面表达)如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。(focus)
If we find those materials interesting, we'll focus our attention on them for a long time.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①discover □
②struggle □
③scientist □
④crop □
⑤root □
⑥freedom □
⑦nationality □
⑧intelligence □
⑨talented □
⑩generous □
reliable □
consider □
confident □
outstanding □
ability □
thanks to □
at the mercy of □
be devoted to □
be worthwhile to do □
make great achievements in □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·江苏高考)In looking for the stories of discovery (发现), I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
2．(2020·浙江7月高考)By about 6000 BC, people had discovered the best crops (农作物) to grow and animals to raise.
3．(2020·天津5月高考)Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots (根) and being open minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
4．What matters for most scientists (科学家) is money and facilities.
5．Asked about his nationality (国籍), Tom said he was British.
6．Thanks to the automobile, Americans soon had a freedom (自由) of movement previously unknown.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)Thanks to all the classmates' efforts and teachers' help, we lived the life to the fullest, without regrets left.
2．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling (struggle) to make ends meet.
3．He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money.Instead, he made a generously (generous) contribution to help the community.
4．Trains are reliable (rely), cheap and best for long distance journey.
5．It was considerate (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
6．Whether or not the secretary will be fired is at the mercy of her boss.
7．The limits of a person's intelligence (intelligent), generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
8．Lionel Messi having set the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented (talent) football player in Europe.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.
她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。
2．In recent years, Chinese scientists have made great achievements in space exploration.
近年来，中国的科学家们在太空探索方面取得了巨大成就。
3．He felt it worthwhile to do it when he enjoyed his outstanding achievement.
当他享受到自己的杰出成就时，他觉得这么做是值得的。
4．He is devoted to his research, making him one of the most outstanding scientists in the field.
他致力于他的研究，使他成为该领域最杰出的科学家之一。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2021·贵州模拟)University was a new experience for me. I had grown up in the confines (范围) of a small seaside town in the south of England, and 1 I was thrown together with 2 of my age from all over the country. People were speaking in 3 that I had only ever heard on TV, and sometimes using words that I had never 4 before.
I had only been at the 5 for about a week when I met Dave Pitman, from Liverpool in the north of England. We discovered that we both played tennis, and 6 to meet up one afternoon for a 7 .
I went to the sports hall at the time we'd agreed, and went into the 8 rooms. Dave was already there, and immediately I could see that he wasn't very 9 . He was searching 10 for something inside his bag. He 11 me as I walked in. “I've forgotten my 12 ，” he said. “You haven't got any, have you？”
Unfortunately, I had no idea 13 he was talking about. In a panic I thought: Tennis balls Shorts Trainers What But I said: “Sorry？” Dave 14 ， “Have you got any spare kecks with you？”
Of course, I could easily have asked him what the 15 meant, but I was too 16 and didn't want to offend (冒犯) him. Finally, Dave saw the 17 on my face, and said, “You know — kecks. Shorts.”
Then I 18 and luckily, I did have some spare shorts in my bag. I lent them to him, we played, and he won. Then we went to get a 19 . The woman at the canteen asked me what I wanted. “I'd like a Black Vanilla, please，” I said. (Where I come from, that's cola and ice cream.) “What on earth is that？” said the woman. I knew 20 how she felt.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者进入大学后，接触到了来自全国各地的人；在刚与这些人交流的时候，由于语言表达的差异，他感到非常不适应；渐渐地，他认识到了这种差异，并努力去适应它。
1．A.immediately B．suddenly
C．easily D．probably
解析：选B 根据语境可知，“我”一直的生活范围是个海边小镇，当进入大学后，“我”突然发现自己被扔进一群来自全国各地的同龄人中。故选B。
2．A.children B．colleagues
C．people D．players
解析：选C 根据空后的“of my age”可知，这里表示与“我”同龄的人。故选C。
3．A.accents B．relief
C．surprise D．summaries
解析：选A 根据空后的“I had only ever heard on TV”可推知，这里指人们说话的口音，故选A。
4．A.spoken B．learned
C．used D．heard
解析：选D 根据空前的“using words”和语境可知，人们有时使用“我”之前并没有听过的单词。故选D。
5．A.university B．field
C．company D．library
解析：选A 根据文章首句可知，“我”到大学大约一周后遇到了Dave Pitman。故选A。
6．A.were made B．arranged
C．were asked D．attempted
解析：选B 根据空前的“we both played tennis”和下文中的“we'd agreed”可知，我们两个都打网球，于是我们就安排(arranged)了一个下午会面，来进行一场比赛(game)。故选B。
7．A.dinner B．party
C．game D．bet
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
8．A.dining B．resting
C．waiting D．changing
解析：选D 根据下文Dave找短裤可知，“我”在约定的时间到达体育馆，走进了更衣室。changing room意为“更衣室”。故选D。
9．A.cheerful B．positive
C．nervous D．shy
解析：选A 根据语境可知，Dave忘记了自己的物品，因此“我”立刻就发现他不是很高兴。故选A。
10．A.unfortunately B．deliberately
C．desperately D．quickly
解析：选C 根据语境可知，Dave在急切地寻找自己的物品。C项意为“拼命地”，符合语境，故选C。B项意为“故意地”。
11．A.looked forward to B．looked up at
C．looked around for D．looked up to
解析：选B 根据空前一句“He was searching 10 for something inside his bag.”以及空后一句可知，当“我”走进更衣室的时候，Dave正在找东西；“我”进来的时候，他抬头看“我”，想问“我”借东西。B项意为“抬头看”，符合语境，故选B。A项意为“盼望”；C项意为“到处寻找”；D项意为“钦佩，尊敬”。
12．A.kecks B．shorts
C．trainers D．trousers
解析：选A 根据下文中的“Have you got any spare kecks with you”可知，这里指的是“kecks”，故选A。
13．A.who B．what
C．which D．whom
解析：选B 根据语境可知，“我”不知道Dave说的是什么。故选B。
14．A.noted B．added
C．predicted D．repeated
解析：选D 根据语境及空前的“Sorry？”可知，“我”没有听懂他的话，于是他又重复了一遍。故选D。
15．A.sentence B．phrase
C．idiom D．word
解析：选D 根据语境可知，“我”当时不知道“kecks”这个词的意思。故选D。
16．A.awkward B．skeptical
C．surprised D．sorry
解析：选A 根据语境可知，“我”听不懂Dave所说的话，但又不好意思问他。A项意为“尴尬的，难堪的”，符合语境。B项意为“怀疑的”。
17．A.guilt B．look
C．anxiety D．scare
解析：选B 根据空后的“on my face”可知，Dave觉察到了“我”的神情，于是告诉“我”这个词的意思。故选B。
18．A.remembered B．translated
C．understood D．hesitated
解析：选C 根据空后的“I did have some spare shorts in my bag”可知，“我”弄懂了“kecks”这个词的意思。故选C。
19．A.lesson B．drink
C．match D．ride
解析：选B 根据下文中的“cola and ice cream”可知，我们在打完网球之后，去买饮料喝。故选B。
20．A.exactly B．hardly
C．primarily D．ambiguously
解析：选A 根据上文中的“What on earth is that？”可知，那位女士非常迷茫，不知道“我”说的是什么饮料；结合上文内容可知，“我”刚好有过类似的经历，能确切地(exactly)知道她的感受。C项意为“主要地”；D项意为“含混不清地”。
tips 完形填空之利用“四种意识”解题
(1)重视首句，要有推断意识
首句是全文的关键句，也是主导句，我们可以从这个窗口领悟文章的关键信息，根据关键信息推断文章的大意及主题，从此找到一个突破口展开思维，准确答题。
(2)通读全文，要有作者意识
我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照基线，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。例如上文第16题，根据语境以及第四段中的“in a panic”可知，作者此时应是感到很“尴尬”。
(3)瞻前顾后，要有结构意识
我们主张在做完形填空的时候要合理想象，其实就是合理思考和推理，不能脑洞大开，甚至“胡思乱想”，必须“随文应变”，不可“一意孤行”，要随着文段发展脉络，调整预测偏差。
(4)反复推敲，要有纠错意识
题目做完后，要将选择项带入文中，反复推敲，纠错防错。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Teen Read Week is a week long celebration of reading. The event was founded by the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) in 1998 and is observed each year during the third week of October. 1 Reading for recreational purposes boosts test scores and lays the foundation for future success as an adult. Public libraries schedule events in honor of Teen Read Week. Activities can range from simple programs to well designed events featuring special guests and refreshments (点心)．
2 During an open house, the librarian may talk about services for teens, upcoming teen programs, and the collection housed within the teen department. Often, the library will serve refreshments and give away door prizes.
Other libraries may use Teen Read Week as an opportunity to form a teen advisory board. 3 They help the librarian develop program ideas, brainstorm improvements within the teen department, and suggest new materials to add to the library collection.
Another potential activity for Teen Read Week includes providing a lock in at the library. Teens spend the night in the library playing games, reading, watching movies, and eating snacks. 4
If the budget permits, some libraries may choose to invite a popular writer to the library. 5 They can read selections from their work, answer questions from teens, and speak about the writing process. At the conclusion, the library can offer the author's book as a door prize to one of the teens in the audience.
A．The board usually consists of teen volunteers.
B．The library staff look after the teens throughout the night.
C．Some libraries host an open house for teens during Teen Read Week.
D．The theme for this year's Teen Read Week is Turn Dreams into Reality.
E．YALSA has lots of resources and ideas for celebrating Teen Read Week.
F．Authors who write books for teens can make a public appearance at the library.
G．For seven days, the library increases its efforts to encourage teens to read for fun.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了图书馆为了庆祝“青少年读书周”所举办的活动。
1．选G G项中的“seven days”与上文中的“week”呼应；且G项中的“read for fun”与下文中的“Reading for recreational purposes”构成同义复现。
2．选C C项中的“an open house”原词复现了设空处后面的“an open house”；且C项中的“Some libraries”与下文中的“Other libraries”构成并列关系。
3．选A A项中的“board”原词复现了上文中的“board”；且设空处后面的“They”指代A项中的“teen volunteers”。
4．选B B项中的“night”原词复现了上文中的“night”；且B项中的“look after”与上文中的“lock in”相呼应。
5．选F F项中的“Authors”与上文中的“writer”构成同义复现；且设空处后面的“their work”与F项中的“Authors”相呼应。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·合肥质检)The game of Go (围棋) is an important board game with origins in China from more than 2,500 years ago. In China, Go 1 (recognize) as “hand conversations” as well, through which players communicate with each other. 2 other words, they “talk” through the placing of pieces on the board. The metaphor (暗喻) first 3 (use) by Zhi Daolin, reflects the nature of the game. While scholars of his time often lost 4 (they) in philosophical (哲学的) debates on life and universe, he preferred to play Go, 5 he believed was full of hows and whys of life.
Master Go players often feel as if they were playing a real life game; sometimes one can move forward, while at other times, one must slow down; sometimes one can 6 (direct) face the challenger, at other times one must take an indirect approach. Appropriate placement of each tiny Go piece is similar to 7 one might solve a difficult problem of life. The purpose of 8 (play) Go is not just to win but also, more importantly, to seek 9 (wise) through the process. The players unite with each other on the board. Instead of fighting as 10 (enemy), they cooperate to play a good game. One thoughtless move could ruin the enjoyment.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了下围棋这项游戏。下围棋的过程是双方合作的过程，也反映了人生的智慧。
1．is recognized 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处表示“围棋被认为是手谈”，Go和recognize之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时，且主语Go为第三人称单数，故填is recognized。
2．In 考查介词。in other words为固定搭配，意为“换句话说”。
3．used 考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，主语The metaphor和use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作定语。
4．themselves 考查代词。此处表示“尽管与他同时代的有学问的人都沉迷于人生和宇宙的哲学辩论上。”lose oneself in意为“沉迷于……”。
5．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为“Go”，故用which。
6．directly 考查副词。此处修饰动词face应用副词directly。
7．how 考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，空处在从句中作方式状语，故用how。
8．playing 考查非谓语动词。介词of后面要用动名词，故填playing。
9．wisdom 考查名词。动词seek后面缺少宾语，故填名词wisdom。
tips 语法填空之提示词为名词、代词
10．enemies 考查名词复数。根据空后的they可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。
(1)所给提示词是名词时，一般考查名词单数变为复数；有时考查构词法，主要是名词转换为形容词或动词，偶尔考查转换为其他词义的名词。
例如上文第10题，提示词为名词，根据语境提示，考查的是名词单复数的变化。名词变复数时还应注意其形式正确。
(2)所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需要考虑人称代词主格变宾格，单数变复数或人称代词变为反身代词。
例如上文第4题考查的便是主格变反身代词。
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22Unit 3 A taste of English humour
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．depressed adj. 忧愁的；沮丧的
2．charming adj. 迷人的；有魅力的
3．vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的
4．leather n. 皮革
5．chew vt.& vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼(食物)
6．costume n. 服装；戏装
7．budget n. 预算；开支
8．actress n. 女演员
9．comedy n. 喜剧
第二组：写其形
1．content adj. 满足的；满意的
n. 满足
vt. 使满足
2．ordinary adj. 平常的；普通的
3．throughout prep. 遍及；贯穿
adv. 到处；始终；全部
4．overcome vt.& vi. 战胜；克服
5．outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的
6．worn adj. 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的
7．gesture n. 姿态；手势
vi. 做手势
8．occasion n. 时刻；场合
9．slide vt.& vi. (使)滑动；(使)滑行
n. 滑；滑动；幻灯片
10．whisper n. 耳语；低语
vt.& vi. 低语；小声说
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．humour n．幽默；滑稽→humorous adj.幽默的；滑稽的
2．performer n．表演者→perform vt.表演→performance n．表演
3．astonish vt.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊诧；震惊→astonished adj.感到惊讶的
4．fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortune n．运气；财富
5．entertain vt.& vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的→entertainment n．娱乐；款待
6．convince vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.坚信不移的；确信的
7．direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的→direction n．指导；方向→director n．导演→directly adv.直接地；径直地conj.一……就……
8．particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的n.细节；细目→particularly adv.特殊地；特别地
9．amuse vt.使发笑；使愉快→amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的→amused adj.逗乐的→amusement n．愉快；快乐
10．explanation n．解释；讲解；说明→explain vt.解释；说明
11．react vi.作出反应；回应→reaction n．反应；回应
12．bored adj.厌烦的→boring adj.令人厌烦的
13．failure n．失败(者)；失败的人或事→fail vi.失败
14．mess n．脏或乱的状态→messy adj.脏的；乱的
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．feel/be content with 对……满足
2．cut off 切断；断绝
3．badly off 穷的；缺少的
4．pick out 挑出；辨别出
5．in search of 寻找
6．star in 在……担任主角；主演
7．up to now 直到现在
8．in particular 尤其；特别
9．react to 对……作出反应；回应
10．convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．as引导定语从句
悟原句 As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face” ...
背佳句 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As is known to us all, Chinese are rather particular about table manners.
2．现在分词短语作结果状语
悟原句 Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off ...
背佳句 The mud stuck to her boots, making her feet heavy and her legs tired.
3．as if引导状语从句，通常用虚拟语气
悟原句 Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.
背佳句 The child talks to us as if he were a grown up.
1.总有一款让你“满足；满意”
①content adj. 满足的；满意的
②satisfy vt. 使满意；满足
③satisfaction n. 满意；满足
④pleased adj. 高兴的；满意的
⑤meet vt. 满足
2.“ ous”后缀形容词扫描
①humourous 幽默的
②dangerous 危险的
③mountainous 多山的
④continuous 连续的
⑤poisonous 有毒的
⑥generous 慷慨的
3.各种“惊讶”
①astonishing
令人感到惊讶的
②amazing 令人吃惊的
③surprising 出人意料的
④shocking 令人震惊的
4.“v.＋out”常用短语荟萃
①pick out 挑出；辨别出
②run out 用光；耗尽
③give out 分发；耗尽；用光
④turn out 结果是；生产
⑤work out 制定；解决；结果
⑥carry out 实行；实施
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He took some books with him in order that he would not get bored (bore) during the long journey.
2．It is whispered (whisper) that the mayor has been arrested.
3．He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)．
4．He told an amusing (amuse) story as a lead in to the serious part of his speech.
5．The famous performer is said to have performed a humorous performance at yesterday's evening party, which leaves a deep impression on the audience.(perform)
6．To my astonishment, he didn't feel astonished at the astonishing news that his brother died at all.(astonish)
7．Fortunately, when he went abroad to try his fortune, he gained great wealth.(fortune)
8．The children in the mountain village have no entertainment, so their teachers often tell entertaining stories to entertain them after class.(entertain)
9．The boy is particularly interested in making model planes but he is not particular about what he eats.(particular)
10．After school, she directly went off in the direction of the cinema to see the new film directed by the famous director.(direct)
11．Although he failed many times, he didn't admit he was a failure.He would face the challenge bravely and tried to achieve his goal.(fail)
12．She tried to convince me that I was mistaken.What she said was so convincing that I was completely convinced.(convince)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．Up to now, the dog has become a member of our family and everyone enjoys its company.
2．I mentioned that point in particular, for it was quite important.
3．Last year, Maria starred in a popular film directed by a famous director.
4．With the summer vacation approaching, it's high time that parents picked out some training courses for their children.
5．I don't know how Mr.Brown will react to the news that his son has won first place in the competition.
6．Mary felt cut off from the outside world, since she lacked an Internet connection and couldn't receive any e mail.
7．Those who are content with their present situations will surely make no more advances in life.
8．(2020·江苏高考)On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．with/as
①With spring coming on, trees turn green.
②As spring is coming on, trees turn green.
2．when/where
①Have you ever met with the occasion where you are mistaken
②It's a cheerful occasion when my birthday arrives.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝词汇在语境中的含义
1．As is known to all，Yuan Longping is an outstanding Chinese scientist in agriculture. 突出的；杰出的
2．But when she put on her costume to perform on the stage，she was filled with confidence. 戏服
3．Some children in mountainous areas in our country still can't go to school because of poverty. 多山的
4．She speaks in a whisper so as not to wake him up. 低语
5．They communicated entirely by gesture that we couldn't understand. 手势
6．We are against any plan to cut down the education budget. 预算
7．He was so worn out that he fell asleep immediately his head touched the pillow.
筋疲力尽的
8．The line was cut off while I was talking to a friend by telephone. 切断
9．We can't go abroad this year, so we'll have to content ourselves with a holiday in Shanghai. 使满足
10．Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral. 受影响
Ⅴ.补全句子
1．常言道，只工作不玩耍聪明的孩子也变傻。(as引导定语从句)
As the old saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
2．在很多领域电脑已经代替了人类，使得我们的工作更容易、更高效。(分词短语作状语)
Computers have replaced humans in many areas of our life, making our work much easier and more efficient.
3．他夸夸其谈，好像什么都知道似的。(as if)
He talks big as if he knew everything.
1．content adj.满足的；满意的n.满足；内容；目录；成分 vt.使满足
?单句语法填空
①That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content to live (live) in the country.
②We shouldn't be content with such a small achievement.
③This is all I have, so you'll have to content yourself (you) with ￡5 for the moment.
④(2019·天津高考)How much time and money would it cost to replace the contents (content) of that little wallet
[归纳法记牢]
(1)feel/be content with 对……感到满足/满意
be content to do sth. 满足于做某事
(2)content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人满足于某事
[名师指津] content作形容词时，只能作表语，不能作前置定语；作名词，意为“成分，所含之物”时，通常用其复数形式(如句④)。
2．astonish vt.使惊诧
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 To my astonishment, they weren't astonished at the astonishing news, so I looked at them in astonishment. 让我吃惊的是，他们听到这个令人惊讶的消息时并不吃惊，于是我惊讶地望着他们。
用法释义 (1)It astonishes sb. that ... 令某人惊讶的是(2)astonishing adj. 令人感到惊讶的astonished adj. 感到惊讶的be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶(3)astonishment n. 惊讶to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是in astonishment 吃惊地
[针对训练]
?选词填空(astonishing/astonished)
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey's husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visit.
②(2017·江苏高考)Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
?一句多译
使我特别惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字。
③Much to my astonishment, she still remembered my name.(astonishment)
④It astonished me that she still remembered my name.(astonish)
3．convince vt.使信服；使相信
(1)convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的；坚信不移的
be convinced of sth. 确信；坚信；深信
be convinced that ... 相信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①There is now convincing (convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
②We were able to convince the students of the need for wide reading.
③They tried to convince him to support (support) them.
④I'm firmly convinced (convince) of the importance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
?句式升级
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I believe that you like paper cutting, so I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→Convinced that you like paper cutting, I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(升级加蓝词汇；分词作状语)
4．direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的adv.直接
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中direct的词性和词义①A policeman stood in the middle of the road, directing the traffic.vt.指挥②In 97 A．D. the Chinese general Ban Chao established direct military contacts with the Parthian Empire (帕提亚帝国). adj.直接的③The film directed by him is popular with young people.vt.导演④He directed that we (should) keep calm in the face of danger.vt.指示
理明白 (1)direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事(2)direction n． 方向；方位；指示；说明书(复数)in the direction of 朝……方向in all directions＝in every direction朝四面八方(3)directly adv. 直接地；径直地conj. 一……就……(常用于引导时间状语从句)
[名师指津] 作为副词，direct常用于具体意义，意为“中途不停；直接”；directly常用于抽象意义，意为“直接地；立即；马上”。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/补全句子
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace, and emoji can contribute directly (direct) to that positive outcome.
⑥He went in the direction of the village, for the children wanted to draw pictures under his direction.
⑦If you had read the directions (direct) carefully, some mistakes in the exam would have been avoided.
⑧(2019·天津高考书面表达)I consider it an easy and direct way to help us to get close to each other while appreciating music.
我认为这是一种简单而直接的方式，可以帮助我们在欣赏音乐的同时亲近对方。
5．particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的 n. 细节；细目
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①He is a very open minded man, and won't be particular about/over these small things.
②This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and in particular it contains a lot of minerals.
③(2020·浙江1月高考)This is particularly (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)You are particularly welcome to show up on stage, which will definitely add color and fun to our concert.
特别欢迎你到场，一定会给我们的音乐会增添色彩和乐趣。
[归纳法记牢]
be particular about/over sth. 对某事讲究/挑剔
particularly adv. 尤其；特别地；特殊地
in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别地；格外地
1．pick out挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解
[辨析法理清]
辨清楚 写出下列句中pick out的含义①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.挑出；挑选②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out.辨别出③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.领会；理解
理明白 pick up 捡到；拾起；收到；开车接；(偶然)获得；学会；逐渐康复；恢复；好转；(在无线电里)收听到pick off 摘去pick over 精挑细选
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
④If you have to pick out your top 5 favorite books to a place where is no telephone, TV or Internet, what is your choice then
⑤Pick off a leaf of maple and put it in the leaving boat. It will be a glorious scenery in the autumn after our separation.
?写出下面语段中pick up的含义
One day, I ⑥picked up (收到) my wife's message, saying “When I was on the way to ⑦pick up (开车接) our son, I ⑧picked up (拾起) a wallet. And I handed it in to the police”. My son told me that he ⑨picked up (学会) a song. On the second day, we ⑩picked up (捡到) an old and valuable bowl on the way to see my sick mother. Seeing she picked up (逐渐康复), we were very delighted.
2．cut off切断；断绝
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 The earthquake happened abruptly. The water and power supplies were cut off. The phone didn't work, and they felt cut off from the outside. Seeing almost everything in ruins, all of them were cut up.地震突然发生了， 供水和供电中断，电话也无法使用，他们觉得与外界隔绝了。看到几乎所有的东西都成了废墟，他们都感到十分悲伤。
用法释义 cut down 砍倒；削减；压缩cut up 切碎；使伤心；使悲伤cut out 删掉；剪除cut away 砍掉；切掉
[针对训练] 用cut的相关短语填空
①She was really cut up when all her friends refused to help her.
②When you give a speech, you'd better cut out unimportant details.
③I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were cut off.
④It is bad manners for you to always cut in when other people are talking.
3．as引导定语从句
[教材原句] As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.
正如维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天”。关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。
用法规则 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。(2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被the same, such, so等修饰。(3)在such ... as ...中，as引导限制性定语从句，而such ... that ...中，that引导结果状语从句。
注意事项 (1)与as不同，which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后，意为“这一点”，且无“正如/正像……”之意。(2)在such ... as ...定语从句中，as在从句中作宾语。(3)在such ... that ...状语从句中，that不作任何成分。
[针对训练] 补全句子/句型转换
①As the saying goes，“A good beginning is half the battle.”
常言道：“好的开始是成功的一半。”
②This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
这支钢笔和我昨天丢失的钢笔一样。
③(2015·四川高考书面表达)As is often the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.
正如和学习语言一样，学习普通话也需要大量的练习。
④This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out.
→This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out.
4．现在分词短语作结果状语
[教材原句] Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难，因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。
[用法规则]
(1)现在分词作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。
(2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making (make) it one of the most popular events in gardening.
②The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving (leave) nothing valuable.
③They reached the company out of breath, only to be told (tell) they were fired.
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Unfortunately (fortunately), Zhinü was taken back to Heaven by the Goddess of Heaven.
2．(2020·江苏高考)If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment (entertain), you're missing some of its biggest benefits ...
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt free fur — unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，” says Cree McCree, project director (direct) of Righteous Fur.
4．(2018·天津高考)Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome (overcome)．
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless (home) man sleep in his truck.
6．(2017·天津高考)Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored (boring)．
7．(2016·北京高考)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
8．(2016·浙江10月高考)“Daddy, I'm so glad to see you，” I whispered (whisper)．“I'm in town for the writer's class, but I just couldn't miss your show.” I gave him a quick hug and ...
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.内容②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well.Some of the early ventures (企业) were immediate failures. 失败者
词类活用 (2020·浙江7月高考)The police arrived and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my luck — it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been awful.adv.厉害地；严重地
生词僻义 ①(2017·天津高考)Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle's music and trying to find myself again.忧愁的；沮丧的②(2015·四川高考)Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.使更愉快；使更有希望
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)They'll have out half the goods in the shop, and want the only style you don't have left in a 46 colour.
A．particular B．different
C．matching D．natural
解析：选A 顾客们只想要店里卖完的某一特定颜色的款式。different“不同的”；matching“相同的，相配的”；natural“自然的”。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The instructors called for an ambulance. 55 ， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.We chatted about everything and then Ben turned to me.“I just want to say thank you，” he said.“You saved my life！”
A．Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
解析：选A 幸运的是(Fortunately)，本在医院里待了很短时间就康复了。frankly“坦率地”；sadly“悲伤地”；suddenly“突然”。
3．(2018·江苏高考)This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and surprising recovery.When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.They planned to keep the 41 low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.
A．budget B．revenue
C．compensation D．allowance
解析：选A 空前提到，他们只有320英镑，空后提到他们以煮面条为食，由此可知他们计划保持低预算(budget)。revenue“税收，收益”；compensation“补偿费，赔偿金”；allowance“津贴，零用钱”。
4．(2012·江西高考)Several thoughts crossed my mind as I watched him work.He wasn't well dressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a simple T shirt.The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on.But he seemed 47 with life.There he was, working hard at his small business, waving at passers by and stopping to chat now and then with elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.
A．busy B．content
C．careful D．bored
解析：选B But表示转折，前面提到他的穿着和所骑的车子都不时尚，后面又提到和他自己时不时的和路人闲聊可以看出他是对一切都满意的人，老人的精神世界很丰富。seem content with表示“似乎对……满意”。
5．(2012·浙江高考)Oscar 28 the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales.Just as he thought, a name matched the seat where Oscar had found the umbrella.The name was Mrs.Katie O'Brien.
A．convinced B．forced
C．encouraged D．advised
解析：选A 根据下文可知，Oscar说服了经理去查先前的售票记录，如他所料，有一个名字对上了。此处用convince sb.to do sth.表示“说服某人去做某事”。force“强迫”；encourage“鼓励”；advise“建议”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在她的帮助下，我的英语进步很大，取得好的成绩给了我信心。(confidence)
With her help, my English improved greatly and getting good results gave me confidence.
2．(2019·全国卷I书面表达)我可以做一名志愿者，引导参观者参观画廊，我相信我有资格胜任这项工作。(convince)
I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors round the gallery and I am convinced that I am qualified for the job.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)对我来说，排球是我最喜欢的运动，因为国家女排的精神一直是我克服生活中一切困难的力量源泉。(as)
As for me, volleyball is my favourite sport, as the Spirit of the National Women's Volleyball Team has always been my source of strength to overcome all difficulties in life.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①content □
②depressed □
③ordinary □
④homeless □
⑤humor □
⑥topic □
⑦candidate □
⑧profession □
⑨apply □
⑩assist □
employ □
appoint □
develop □
benefit □
hesitate □
overcome □
Such is ... □
be strict with □
win the first place in □
a household name in China □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor (幽默) and feeling, keeping intention clear.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)First of all, the play is based on a love story between Niulang, an ordinary (普通的) boy on earth.
3．With so much work to do within a week, Tom seemed somewhat depressed (郁闷的)．
4．Though it is a small town, she is content (满足) to remain where she is now.
5．The young people would soon be penniless and homeless (无家可归的) if they couldn't find suitable work.
6．Western officials say the problem is minor, and should be quickly overcome (克服)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Race walking shares many fitness benefits (benefit) with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.
2．(2020·天津7月高考) Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation (hesitate)．
3．(2020·江苏高考)You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics (topic) that are ripe for others to add humor.
4．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional (profession) competence.
5．If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant (assist) to reduce the price.
6．The secretary arranged a convenient time and place for the applicants (apply) to have an interview.
7．While all of them are strong candidates (candidate), only one will be chosen for the post.
8．I have an appointment (appoint) with Dr.Smith, but I need to change it.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Such is our teacher, respected and loved by everyone.
这就是我们的老师，受到大家的尊敬和爱戴。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Without her help, I couldn't have won the first place in the English speaking competition.
要是没有她的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
3．Lang Ping, a household name in China, inspires people a great deal.
郎平是一个在中国家喻户晓的名字，极大地激励了人们。
4．He was strict with everybody and in everything he did, which makes him deeply loved and respected.
他对所有人及自己所做的任何事情都严格要求，这让他深受人们的爱戴和尊敬。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Comedy and Psychology
Earlier this year I did a part time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian.I had performed a show, which wasn't originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn't understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.
“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child，” explained Ryan.“Don't try to be clever.Don't try too hard to be funny ...and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That's what people want to see on stage.” Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like，“Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you're the lowest status person here.”
I'd say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse Engineer the Mind.Its main idea is that any self directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault.There's a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we'd be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.
Here's a joke in the book：Two fish are in a tank.One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing？” It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing — that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in — and, just in time，the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong — it's a heavy vehicle.For correctly figuring out the error，we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling.The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction，and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny bone in order to make us laugh.
Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn't help us that much as a comedy.During one exercise in the course，four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, and I brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out of control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I'll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny.But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper.It was a joyous, found moment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了喜剧和心理学之间的关系。
1. Why did the author attend the comedy course
A．He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.
B．He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.
C．He worried about how other performers would find him.
D．He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者参加了喜剧课程，是因为他发现自己在喜剧方面有一定的天赋。故选B。
2. Ryan required the people on the comedy course to .
A．copy their favorite performance
B．imagine other people's reactions
C．help themselves feel comfortable
D．behave in a more playful manner
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much.Just behave in a silly way.That's what people want to see on stage.”可知，Ryan要求喜剧课上的人们以一种更有趣的方式表现。由此可知答案为D。
3. What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To discuss what humor brings about exactly.
B．To give an example of another kind of humor.
C．To prove the point about psychology of humor.
D．To show why some people are funnier than others.
解析：选C 写作意图题。根据第四段最后一句可知，第四段提到笑话的目的是证明幽默心理学的观点。故选C。
4. What view does the author put forward in the end
A．Visual humor is what appeals to people most.
B．What people find funny is often unpredictable.
C．Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.
D．Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者认为人们觉得有趣的东西往往是不可预测的。故答案为B。
B
If you followed the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bodies. These bruises were the result of “cupping therapy(拔火罐疗法)”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.
Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow.”
However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people's feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.
To figure out whether cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.
In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the false treatment. But in the false treatment, the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldn't create the proper suction(吸力)．
The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either a traditional cupping or “soft cupping” . But they were not informed that the so called “soft cupping” was a false treatment.
It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.“The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself，” the researchers told the Live Science website.
The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered.“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle changing，” Dr Brent Bauer, director of the US Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic, told Live Science.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了中国的传统医疗方式——拔火罐的实际疗效。
5．Why is Michael Phelps mentioned in the passage
A．To give athletes a new way to swim faster.
B．To provide athletes with a new way of treatment.
C．To introduce the topic on cupping therapy.
D．To show swimmers suffering from disorders.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章前两段的内容可知，提到运动员菲尔普斯是为了导入文章的话题——拔火罐疗法。
6．The purpose of the test by researchers from Germany was to .
A．promote the health effects of cupping therapy
B．see whether cupping therapy has a physical effect
C．compare traditional cupping with the soft cupping
D．compare cupping therapy's effects on different groups of people
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段“To figure out whether cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.”可知，试验的目的是验证拔火罐是否真的有效。
7．What can be learned from the passage
A．Different people need different types of cupping therapy.
B．The real treatment and false treatment almost have the same effects.
C．The results show that cupping therapy is not part of the treatment.
D．Cupping therapy is only effective when used with lifestyle changing.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.”可知，实验证明两种不同的拔火罐的方法效果是一样的。
8．According to Dr Brent Bauer, cupping therapy .
A．is a fast and easy treatment for people to carry out
B．is a newly invented way to cure some diseases
C．needs a long period of time to take effect
D．can be used together with other treatments
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle changing ...”可知，Dr Brent Bauer认为拔火罐疗法可以和其他方法一起配合治疗。
Ⅱ.短文改错
In the past two years, our school had organized many activities.What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”．In an autumn afternoon, we went to the farm, where we learned to plant potatoes.Having been in the city for such a long time, we are so happy to go to the countryside.After we got there, we were divided into three groups, we started to work.Some students cut potatoes into pieces, some dug hole, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the holes, put the earth back and pushed them down hard.We were all busy working as all the work was done.Though we were tired out, we felt pleased on our way back to home.
答案：第一句：had→has
第二句：calling→called
第三句：In→On; the→a
第四句：are→were
第五句：第三个we前加and
第六句：hole→holes; them→it
第七句：as→until/till
第八句：去掉to
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，前不久在旗袍设计大赛上获奖。你的英国朋友Peter将参加他学校举办的服装表演赛，来信邀请你暑期加入他们的设计小组，而你因故无法加入。请根据以下要点给他回信：
1．表示感谢；
2．说明拒绝原因；
3．表达祝福。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：服装表演赛the Fashion Show Competition
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
Many thanks for your kindly inviting me to join your team to take part in the Fashion Show Competition to be held in your school in your last letter.
Much to my disappointment, I shall not be able to honour the invitation because I have been suffering from ill health these days. I am firmly advised that it should be unwise to undertake any distant travel in the near future. I feel very sorry to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many other fellows as well as improving myself.
I wish your competition a complete success and express my regret again.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
21Unit 4 Body language
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．flight n． 飞行；航班
2．cheek n. 面颊
3．facial adj. 面部的
4．posture n. 姿势；体态
5．crossroads n. 十字路口
6．frown vi. 皱眉；蹙额
7．fist n. 拳头
8．yawn vi. 打呵欠
9．respectful adj. 恭敬的
10．subjective adj. 主观的
11．employee n. 雇员
12．misread vt. 读错；误解
第二组：写其形
1．dormitory n. 宿舍
2．major adj. 主要的；严重的
3．approach vt.& vi. 接近；走近；靠近
n. 接近；方法；途径
4．likely adj. 可能的
5．hug vi.& vt. 拥抱
6．function n. 作用；功能；职能
vi. 起作用；运转
7．represent vt. 代表；象征
8．canteen n. 食堂
9．ease n. 安逸；舒适
vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
10．adult n. 成人；成年人
adj. 成人的；成熟的
11．rank n. 等级；军衔
12．dash vi. 猛冲；突进
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．statement n．陈述；说明；声明→state v．陈述；说明；声明
2．greet vi.& vt.迎接；问候→greeting n．问候；招呼
3．association n．社团；联系；联想→associate vt.联想；联系
4．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
5．defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫
6．misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会
7．spoken adj.口语的→unspoken (反义词) adj.未说出口的；非口语的
8．anger n．怒气； 怒火→angry adj.生气的
9．truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的→truth n．真实；真理
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．be curious about 对……感到好奇的
2．get close to 接近；靠近
3．as if 好像
4．turn one's back to 背对
5．lose face 丢脸
6．defend against 防御；保卫……以免受
7．on the contrary 相反地
8．be likely to 很可能……；有希望……
9．in general 总的来说；通常
10．at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth.
悟原句 The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
背佳句 I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
2．not all“并非所有的都……”，表示部分否定
悟原句 Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
背佳句 Not all are willing to do such work, for it is quite hard for some of them.
3．be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”
悟原句 However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
背佳句 If you study hard, you are likely to be admitted to your dreaming university.
1. or结尾形容词扫描
①major 主要的
②minor 次要的
③junior 身份或地位低的
④senior 身份或地位高的
⑤superior 更好的；更高的
2.后缀 ly形容词集锦
①likely 可能的
②costly 昂贵的
③daily 日常的
④friendly 友好的
⑤lively 活泼的
⑥lovely 可爱的
3.“通常；总之”词语大全
①in general 通常
②on the whole 总之
③in a word 总之
④all in all 总之
⑤in conclusion 总之
⑥in short/brief 总之；简言之
4.变“脸”真神奇
①lose face 丢脸
②make a face 做个鬼脸
③face to face 面对面
④in the face of 面对
⑤save one's face 挽回面子
⑥be faced with 面对
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)Through your tireless work, all of us have achieved much progress in English study, especially in spoken (speak) English.
2．(2020·浙江7月高考)And again the bear stood on his back legs, wanting to snap at the fence like a monster. It seemed that his mouth was full of blood and his eyes were red with anger (angry)．
3．(2020·江苏高考)It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood (misunderstand)．
4．(2020·浙江7月高考)What's more, with the approaching (approach) of the College Entrance Examination, we are making full preparations for it.
5．Linda and I, representing (represent) our class, will take part in the contest to be held this weekend.
6．The couple hugged (hug) each other when they heard the exciting news.
7．The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)
8．Entering a supermarket, I was warmly greeted by the greengrocer.His cheery greetings made me feel at home.(greet)
9．I wouldn't want to be associated with the illegal association.(associate)
10．He stated the other day that the statement was not made by him.(state)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)What a wonderful time we had! Not only did it give us relaxation, but also it got us closer to nature.
3．(2020·浙江1月高考)Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
4．To make her family members feel at ease, Mrs Green lied that she was travelling together with her friends.
5．Our duty is to defend the country against its enemies.
6．Rosie gave her daughter an affectionate kiss on each cheek.
7．All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries.
8．Mr Liu was so angry that he turned his back to his son, without saying anything.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．represent/stand for
①The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries.
②What does “VIP” stand for
2．defend/protect/guard
Soldiers are on ①guard to ②defend our country while our government ③protects their legal rights.
3．likely/probable/possible
①It is possible for me to change jobs, but I am not sure.
②I'm likely to be very busy tomorrow.
③It is probable/likely/possible that he will set a world record in 2020.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝词汇在语境中的含义
1．It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way. 处理
2．It is astonishing that the picture represents a hunting scene. 呈现
3．Colleagues are trying to ease the pressure she is under at work. 减轻
4．It is certain that our company is now at a crossroads. 在关键时刻
Ⅴ.句型转换/一句多译
1．He was curious about Australian cities, so he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.
→Curious about Australian cities, he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.(形容词短语作状语)
2．When we approached the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
→Approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(现在分词短语作时间状语)
3．面对危险，并非所有的人都能保持冷静。(部分否定)
①Not all the people can keep calm in the face of danger.
②All the people cannot keep calm in the face of danger.
4．如果你继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。(likely)
①You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
②It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
1．represent vt.代表；象征；描绘；声称；呈现
(1)represent ...as/to be ... 宣称……为……；把……描绘成……
represent/on behalf of sb. 代表某人
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明/传达某事
(2)representative n. 代表；译员
adj. 典型的；有代表性的
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The physicist represented his abstract theory to the students in a simple way.
②She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.
③In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
④(2017·浙江6月高考写作)I'd like to represent my class and invite you to join us in the outing.
我代表班级邀请你参加我们的郊游活动。
[名师指津] represent作“向……描述/表达”讲时，不能直接跟“人”作宾语，常用结构为“represent sth.to sb.”或“represent to sb.sth.”(如句①)。
2．curious adj.好奇的
[串联式巧记]
一语串起 The boys were curious about the new toy car, and curious to know how it worked. Out of curiosity, they tried to take it apart, but in vain. All of them looked at it more curiously.孩子们对这辆新玩具车很好奇，也很想知道它是怎么工作的。出于好奇，他们试图把它拆开，但没有成功。他们都更好奇地看着它。
用法释义 (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇be curious to do sth. 很想做某事(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
[针对训练]
?单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Filled with curiosity (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
②(2020·浙江1月高考)Poppy jumped with joy at the sight of the little dog. She lowered her head to watch it curiously (curious)．
③(2019·天津高考)Opportunity favors those with a curious (curiosity) mind.
④People gathered round, curious to know (know) what was happening.
?补全句子
⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)The life of American high school students is a good choice because Chinese students are curious about the school life of American students.
美国的高中生生活是一个不错的选择，因为中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。
3．approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近；处理；对付 n．接近；方法；途径
(1)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching 临近；靠近
(2)an approach to (doing) sth. 接近；近似；(做)某事的方法/途径
at the approach of ...(＝with＋n.＋approaching) 在快到……的时候
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①All the approaches (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.
②The job market has changed and our approaches to finding(find) work must change as well.
?句型转换
③As the final exam is approaching, the students are busy preparing for mathematics and physics.
→With the final exam approaching, the students are busy preparing for mathematics and physics.(用with复合结构改写)
[联想发散] 注意下面“(做)某事的方法”的正确搭配：
①the approach to (doing) sth.
②the way to do/of (doing) sth.
③the means of (doing) sth.
④the method of (doing) sth.
4．defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护
?单句语法填空
①They help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections.
②When the dog attacked me, I defended myself (I) with a stick.
③The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence of their country.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)defend ...from/against 保护……免受；防御
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
[易混辨析] defend, protect, guard
(1)defend 指抵御或击退外来威胁或攻击。
(2)protect 指采取保护措施，使不受伤害或损伤，常用于防御风雨、寒冷、烈日、疾病或保护经济、法律权益等。
(3)guard 指小心谨慎地对可能出现或存在的危险进行防御，以维护安全，含“警戒”之意。
5．major adj.主要的；严重的；重要的n.专业vi.主修
?单句语法填空/升级加蓝词汇
①(2016·北京高考书面表达)In fact, he inspired me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
②In that company I once worked, women workers are in the majority.
③Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, most of them (＝the/a majority of them) are over the age of fifty.
[归纳法记牢]
(1)major in 主修
(2)majority n. 多数；大多数
in the/a majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
1．in general总的来说；通常
(1)as a general rule 一般而言；通常
generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言
(2)on the whole＝to sum up 总的来说
as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说
in a word 总之
in short/brief 简而言之；总之
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①We're trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution in particular.
②As a general rule, the more expensive the computer is, the better it is.
?一句多译
总体来说，酒后开车的人的数量越来越少。
③Generally speaking, the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.
④In general, the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.
2．at ease舒适；快活；自由自在
(1)feel at ease 感到心情放松
put sb. at ease 使某人放松
take one's ease 休息；轻松一下
(2)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
(3)ease one's mind 使某人安心
ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[名师指津] at ease既可作表语，又可作状语；with ease只能作状语。
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏高考书面表达)We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day.
②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
③I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.
?补全句子
④When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease.
当你感到紧张时，你最好听一些轻音乐使自己放松一下。
3．the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth.
[教材原句] The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
用法规则 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。
注意事项 (1)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。(2)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空
①Master Wu was not merely the first to perfect (perfect) the techniques. His true accomplishment was in weaving them into a style of his own.
②There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact (contact) you failed.
③She has only a little room to live in.
4．be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”
[教材原句] However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。
用法规则 (1)sb./sth.be likely to do sth. 某人/某物很可能做某事It's likely that ... 很可能……(2)unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的be unlikely to ... 不可能……
注意事项 likely不用于“it is likely for sb./sth.to do sth.”句型中。
[针对训练] 句型转换/补全句子
①If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.
→If you grow up in a large family, it is more likely that you develop the ability to get on well with others.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) It is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know Chinese table manners.
如果你不懂中国人的餐桌礼仪，很可能会让你的朋友感到尴尬。
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·天津7月高考)She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended (defence) herself.
2．(2020·浙江7月高考)With an angry (anger) roar (吼叫), the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.
3．(2020·浙江1月高考)The family hugged (hug) and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions (function)．
5．(2020·浙江1月高考)A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop (develop) persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
6．(2020·天津7月高考)Simply (simple) turn the machine on, point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.
8．(2019·天津高考)If special clothes are used, they should truly (true) represent a given period.
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding (misunderstand) of traditions.They think tradition means old things from the past.
10．(2018·天津高考)Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults (adult)．
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.排名
词类活用 (2019·浙江6月高考)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)．adj.主要的
生词僻义 (2014·安徽高考)You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses.协会
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it's merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door.
A．result B．danger
C．method D．truth
解析：选D 由下文中的but并结合语境可知，此处表示孩子们显然知道真相(truth)。
2．(2020·浙江7月高考)I couldn't see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.
A．abandoned B．approached
C．recognized D．repaired
解析：选B 根据语境可知，“我”没有看到Don，但当“我”靠近拖拉机的时候，它一下子跳到了马路上。approach“靠近”。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions (交往)．Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.
A．official B．foreign
C．body D．spoken
解析：选D 根据上文中的“My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.”及下文中的“languages were enough in all my interactions”可知，口语对作者所有的(社会)交往来说已经足够了。spoken language“口语”，符合语境。official“正式的，官方的”。
4．(2014·四川高考)This grouse came into our lives in spring.Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field.She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be 16 about what he was doing.
A．crazy B．curious
C．concerned D．cautious
解析：选B grouse(松鸡)在田地边活动，无所畏惧，似乎很好奇Tom在做什么。故curious“好奇的”符合语境。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)李江和苏华在迎接英国学生时穿什么不能达成一致。(greet；省略句)
Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear when greeting the British students.
2．(2014·陕西高考书面表达)欢迎来到我们学校参加活动。我代表我们学校，很高兴告诉你一些关于这些活动的安排。(represent；现在分词短语作状语)
Welcome to our school and take part in the activities.Representing our school, I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
3．(2014·天津高考书面表达)如果你来我们学校，你可能会在生活中遇到一些困难。(likely)
If you come to our school, you are likely to meet some difficult problems in your life.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①shoulder □
②finger □
③nod □
④clap □
⑤cough □
⑥drag □
⑦enrich □
⑧recognize □
⑨major □
⑩false □
delighted □
universal □
facial □
gradually □
expression □
communicate with □
the first impression □
be delivered through □
cause misunderstanding □
play an important part in □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) Fields of flowers, tile roofed (瓦屋顶) villages and tasty meals enrich (使丰富) this wonderful experience.
2．(2020·浙江1月高考)When I made my major (重点的) life decisions, I was still that little girl tearing full speed across the lawn.
3．(2020·天津7月高考)But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers (手指), in thought.
4．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)He was so delighted (高兴的) that he could hardly speak, but his bright smiling face spoke for him.
5．Make as many funny faces as you can to exercise all of your facial (面部的) muscles.
6．It seems a false (错误的) economy to me to cut down on libraries.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浙江1月高考)The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
3．Tired of dragging (drag) your bag through busy airports Then you might want to consider CX 1, which uses facial recognizing software to follow its owner.
4．As my little group carried the boxes in, the old woman smiled and nodded (nod)．
5．The audience cheered and clapped (clap) to show their appreciation.
6．I don't show any noticeable symptoms except for a few coughs (cough) here and there.
7．Then wooden castles were gradually (gradual) replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls.
8．I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I'm tempted to blame someone in a secret for something recognized (recognize) as wrong.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.
尽管对于肢体语言的解释五花八门，但某些手势语似乎是通用的。
2．There is no denying the fact that 93% of human communication is delivered through body language.
不可否认的是，人类信息交流中的93%靠肢体语言来传递。
3．An actor's body language plays an important part in telling the audience about the character they are playing.
一个演员的肢体语言在告诉观众他们表演的角色时起到很重要的作用。
4．If we can't understand the cultural differences between different countries, it may cause misunderstanding.
如果我们不了解不同国家之间的文化差异，这可能会引起误解。
5．But we found the fact that the first impression begins with a handshake at the beginning of the interview.
但是我们发现第一印象以面试刚开始时的握手开始。
[单元主题语篇训练]
A
It is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs when they're meeting another person or a group of people.However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr Harry Witchel shows this isn't always the case.
In his research，he asked 44 participants aged 18－35 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong.Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces were video recorded.
After the quiz，the participants were asked to rate their experience using a range of 12 emotions including“bored”，“interested”and“frustrated”．Meanwhile，their facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.
Dr Witchel said：“According to some researchers，a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness or amusement. However, behavioural ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions, meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling. Our study showed that in these human computer interaction experiments, smiling isn't driven by happiness; it is associated with subjective involvement (主观参与), which acts like a social fuel for smiling, even when socialising with a computer on your own.”
Surprisingly, participants didn't tend to smile during the period when they were trying to figure out the answers.However，they did smile right after the computer game informed them if their answer was correct or wrong.Participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong.Dr Witchel added：“During these computerised quizzes，smiling was greatly increased just after answering questions incorrectly.This behaviour could be explained by self ratings of involvement，rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定是快乐的。
1．Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game
A．To make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.
B．To make the answer period last as long as possible.
C．To discover the most intelligent participants.
D．To create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，设计难题的目的是让参与者难以答对题目，故A项正确。
2．What can we infer from what Dr Witchel said in Paragraph 4
A．Other researchers' opinion of a real smile is quite right.
B．Smiles aren't necessarily useful tools in social interactions.
C．Subjective involvement doesn't motivate smiling in social interactions.
D．Witchel's study finding is consistent with behavioural ecology theory.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段尾句可知，试验结果表明，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关；结合第四段第二句可知，行为生态学理论认为，所有的微笑都是社会交往中使用的工具，这意味着快乐对微笑来说既不是必要的，也不是丰富的。据此可以推断，研究的结果与行为生态学理论一致，故D项正确。
3．What do we know about the text
A．Participants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.
B．Participants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.
C．In Dr Witchel's opinion, smiling is connected with subjective involvement.
D．Dr Witchel thinks that a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，Witchel博士认为，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关。故C项正确。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．What Contributes to Real Happiness
B．How to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy
C．Smiling Doesn't Necessarily Mean Happiness
D．People Generally Hold a Wrong View on Happiness
解析：选C 标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合文章第一段第二句可推知，文章陈述了这样的事实：微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定快乐。故C项最适合作本文的标题。
B
It's hard to avoid getting angry. Even those who are relatively easy going find themselves angry from time to time. Consider the following example：
You've been under extraordinary amounts of stress lately and your daughter is late coming home from a date. As she walks in the door, you blow up at her, screaming that she's grounded for a month.
Anger is a messenger that tells us the fact that what is occurring is wrong, according to our beliefs and standards. In any event, anger like any other emotion, is not inherently (内在地) bad or wrong. Every feeling has a purpose and understanding what that is is critical to knowing how to use it in a positive and constructive way.
Good anger is beneficial and results in positive changes for all those concerned. It finds solutions, uplifts, protects, corrects, and enriches lives. Bad anger, on the other hand, makes matters worse.It can cause physical, emotional and/or psychological pain, cause fear, damage relationships, cause the destruction of property, send people to prison, destroy lives, and even kill.
Example: Your neighbor's children ride their bikes on your lawn (草坪) even though you've asked them several times not to.
Bad anger: You are very angry and want to go next door immediately and scold the parents, telling them that their kids are unruly and that if they were good parents they would teach their kids to respect other people's property. You then want to demand that they pay for the damages done to your lawn and threaten them with a lawsuit (诉讼) if they don't.
Good anger: However, by giving yourself time to consider the real issues here, you determine that this is not necessarily an issue of bad parenting. Your real concern is the continued financial burden and time expended correcting the ongoing damage done by the children. The real issues, then, are your time and money. Having clearly identified them, you are now able to discuss those issues only, leaving any comments about your neighbor's parenting abilities out of the discussion. In this regard, you can hopefully preserve a respectful relationship with them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了如何理性地表达愤怒。
5．What does the underlined part “blow up at her” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Care about her. B．Fill her with anger.
C．Hurt her accidentally. D．Become very angry with her.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。本文围绕如何理性地表达愤怒展开论述。根据第二段第一句及画线部分后的“screaming that she's grounded for a month”可推断，画线部分的意思应该是“对她发火”。
6．What is necessary to know how to use anger positively according to Paragraph 3
A．Realizing what is going wrong.
B．Knowing that being angry is bad.
C．Finding out the purpose of your anger.
D．Letting yourself calm down immediately.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Every feeling has a purpose and understanding ...in a positive and constructive way.”可知，弄清楚愤怒的目的对于正确表达愤怒很关键。
7．What is the main difference between good and bad anger in the lawn problem
A．If you talk to the parents.
B．If you seek financial compensation.
C．If you criticize the parents for bad parenting.
D．If you mention the damage caused by the kids.
解析：选C 推理判断题。对比最后两段可知，关于邻居家的孩子在草坪上骑车的问题，理性的愤怒不会批评邻居教子无方，而是着眼于问题的本质——修复草坪带来的时间和金钱问题。这样，双方才有希望继续保持良好的关系。
C
In the United States, the baby boomer generation include those that were born in the time after World War Ⅱ. Those babies have retired or are now reaching the retirement age. As these adults age, many of their adult children worry about how to take care of their aging parents. In the United States, it is not common for several generations to live under one roof. Once children grow up and get married, they move out, leaving their aging parents to care for themselves. When these aging parents can no longer take care of themselves because of age or illness, it is not uncommon for adult children in the US to place their elderly parents in a nursing home.
A nursing home is a place that offers care for the elderly and ill. As the name suggests, nursing homes have professionals include nurses, doctors and social workers to help aging adults deal with the challenges of daily life. And their mental health could be guaranteed for elderly people get relaxed, accompanied by those of the same age. Most nursing homes also have social activities for the elderly to participate in and keep active. These activities range from games to dance classes, and movie nights. Nursing homes are supposed to provide three nutritious meals for their residents (住户)．
Nursing homes are controversial, however. There have been cases across the country of staff in nursing homes treating the elderly residents badly and even robbing them. There are different states and federal agencies that are supposed to oversee (监管) nursing homes.
Some people feel that it should be the responsibility of family members, especially adult children, to care for their aging or ill parents. However, many adult children have their own children and families to take care of, and do not have the means to care for their elderly parents; others worry about medical skills needed if their elderly parents are seriously ill. And these problems of caring for parents are bothering more and more adults in the US at present.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论的是美国的成年子女们目前面临的“养老问题”，介绍了“送养老院”和“在家养老”的利与弊，最后作者简要介绍了“在家养老”的实际困难，引发读者的思考。
8．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．When the baby boomer generation in the US were born.
B．Whether the elderly and their children should live together.
C．Why Americans put their elderly parents in nursing homes.
D．How Americans look after their aging parents differently.
解析：选C 段落大意题。第一段说明了生育高峰期出生的一代人都渐渐变老，并且在美国，几代人同住一个屋檐下的情况很少见，因此养老问题日趋迫切，一些成年子女们将年迈的父母送到养老院。因此本段主要讲了这一行为的历史原因和文化原因。
9．How many advantages of nursing homes are mentioned
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
解析：选B 细节理解题。第二段介绍了养老院的基本情况和四个优势：有专业人员负责老人们的身体健康；与同龄人轻松相处保障了老年人的良好心理状况；多种多样的社交活动；营养美味的饭菜。
10．What's the writer's attitude toward sending parents to nursing homes
A．Indifferent. B．Understandable.
C．Favorable. D．Disapproving.
解析：选B 观点态度题。第二段介绍了养老院的相关情况，说明了养老院养老的优势；第三段介绍了养老院存在的问题，这是人们反对养老院养老的原因之一；最后一段中在However一词后作者介绍成年子女也面临着实际困难，养老问题困扰着越来越多的美国成年人。所以作者对“养老院养老”是理解的。
11．What's the purpose of the text
A．To discuss how to care for aging parents.
B．To ask the government to oversee nursing homes.
C．To prove nursing homes do more harm than good.
D．To show problems facing American adult children.
解析：选D 写作意图题。阅读全文可以看出，文章主要围绕美国成年子女们所面对的“养老问题”展开，这已成为美国的一大社会问题，面对这一现状，成年人大都选择将年迈的父母送去养老院，这是美国的传统观念和现实情况造成的，但这种养老方式却引起了争议。另一方面，“在家养老”虽然天经地义，但也面临很多难题。
tips 关注特定措辞，推断作者态度
所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。解答此类题目时，要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
例如上文第10题：
PAGE
21Unit 5 Theme parks
(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形
第一组：明其义
1．cartoon n． 漫画；动画片
2．fantasy n. 幻想；怪念头
3．souvenir n. 纪念品
4．carpenter n. 木匠
5．sword n. 剑
6．tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛；(中世纪)骑士比武
7．jungle n. 丛林
8．creature n. 生物；动物
9．brand n. 商标；牌子
10．shuttle n. 往返汽车；航天飞机
11．sneaker n. 运动鞋
12．brochure n. (作宣传或介绍用的)小册子；指南
第二组：写其形
1．theme n. 题目；主题(曲)
2．swing n. 秋千；摇摆
vt.& vi. 摇摆；摆动
3．unique adj. 独一无二的；仅有的
4．preserve vt. 保存；保留
n. 保护区
5．outing n. 外出；短途旅行；远足
6．sunlight n. 阳光
7．tourism n. 旅游业
8．deed n. 行动；事迹
9．whichever pron. 无论哪一个；任何一个
10．wherever adv.& conj. 无论在什么地方；各处
(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用
1．various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样性→vary vt.& vi.使多样化；变化
2．length n．长度；长→lengthen v．加长→long adj.长的
3．settler n．移民；殖民者→settle vt.& vi.安家；定居；解决
4．translator n．译员；翻译→translate v．翻译→translation n．翻译；译文
5．advance vt.& vi.前进；促进；提前n.前进；进步→advanced adj.高级的；先进的
6．admission n．允许进入；入场费；承认→admit v．承认
7．amusement n消遣；娱乐(活动)→amuse vt.使发笑；使快乐
8．attraction n．有吸引力的事物；吸引→attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的
9．minority n．少数；少数民族→majority n．(反义词)多数
10．central adj.中心的；中央的→centre n．中心
(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用
1．be famous for 以……而闻名
2．be familiar with 对……熟悉
3．as well as 除……之外，还……；和
4．no wonder 难怪；不足为奇
5．come to life 活跃起来；苏醒过来
6．in advance 提前
7．have fun 玩得高兴
8．be modelled after 根据……模仿；仿造
9．face to face 面对面
10．get close to 接近
11．come true 实现
12．take part in 参加
(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用
1．some ...others ...“有些……有些……”
悟原句 Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.
背佳句 There are a large number of people in the park.Some are singing and dancing, others drawing.
2．“疑问词＋ ever”引导让步状语从句
悟原句 Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you！
背佳句 (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
3．not only ...but also ...“不但……而且……”
悟原句 Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.
背佳句 (2020·江苏高考)There, he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker.
1.参观“动物园”
①creature 生物；动物
②kangaroo 袋鼠
③squirrel 松鼠
④panda 熊猫
⑤shark 鲨鱼
⑥dolphin 海豚
2.后缀 sion高频名词集锦
①admission 承认；允许进入
②impression 印象
③possession 拥有
④conclusion 结论
⑤confusion 困惑；混淆
⑥permission 允许；许可
3.后缀 th高频名词荟萃
①length 长度
②strength 力量
③warmth 温暖
④width 宽度
⑤depth 深度
⑥wealth 财富
4.“no＋名词”短语聚焦
①no wonder 难怪
②no way 没门；不行
③no problem 没问题
④no sense 没道理
⑤no hurry 不急；勿慌
⑥no comments 无可奉告
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length (long) of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour.
2．You will need time to settle (settle) in and assess your surroundings.
3．The wind blew so hard just now that the branches swung (swing) rapidly from side to side.
4．A minority of the children are (be) longing for a dance, but the majority prefer a picnic.
5．You know, deeds (deed) are much better than words when people are in need of help.
6．There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The variety attracts many customers.(various)
7．The audience was amused by the performance in the amusement park.(amuse)
8．With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance.(advance)
9．Some tourist attractions in Beijing attract many foreigners to pay a visit because they are attractive.(attract)
10．Tom applied for admission to the graduate program at Northwestern University but wasn't admitted into it at last.(admit)
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
1．When they were about to get close to the top of the mountain, it began to rain heavily.
2．Having lived in this town for more than ten years, he is familiar with everyone in the town.
3．The Dead Sea is famous for its health benefits.People from all over the world go there to swim in its water.
4．Why don't you book the air ticket in advance It will be much cheaper.
5．His funny way of speaking is modelled after a famous actor in our country.
6．With spring approaching, the flowers in the garden begin to come to life.
7．I'm not interested in computer games.I think it makes no sense spending time playing something with strangers.I prefer chatting face to face with my friends.
8．Taking part in our activities means you get to do all sorts of things including building a fire, which you wouldn't normally be allowed to do at home.
9．Much to our amusement, no one appeared at the party.
10．The young man sat safely within, till at length it ran to an unknown land.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．for/to/as
①He is famous for his skill in playing football.
②Virginia is famous as the birthplace of several USA presidents.
③The pop star is famous to young people.
2．in length/at length
①Measured more than 6,000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the longest wall in the world.
②We have already discussed this matter at length.
Ⅳ.写出加蓝词汇在语境中的含义
1．The date for the meeting was advanced from July 10 to July 7. 提前
2．One of the attractions during visiting Mount Tai is seeing the sun rising in the morning. 有吸引力的事物
3．In faraway Dali, Yunnan, a similar method is adopted by the Bai Minority to transform milk. 少数民族
4．A carpenter is a craftsman whose job is making and repairing wooden things. 木匠
5．In the Disneyland，you will see many interesting cartoon characters, such as Snow White or Mickey Mouse. 动画片
6．We dived into the sea and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange and blind creatures. 生物
7．Before we ended our trip, the guide persuaded us to buy as many souvenirs as possible in the shop. 纪念品
Ⅴ.一句多译
1．智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且非常有害于我们的身体健康。(not only ...but also ...)
①Smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.
②Not only do smartphones take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.(倒装句)
2．(2015·福建高考书面表达)不遗余力地获取知识，不管情况多么困难都不要轻易气馁。
①Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily however difficult the situation may be.
②Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.
1．various adj.不同的；各种各样的
一语串起 While visiting the museum, we can find various topics, varying from modern science to remote history. In addition, there are varieties of animal specimen on display.参观博物馆时，我们可以发现各种各样的主题，从现代科学到遥远的历史。另外，还展出了各种各样的动物标本。
用法释义 (1)variety n． 变化；多样性；种类 种类繁多的；各种各样的(2)vary vt.& vi. 改变；变化；不同；使多样化vary from ... to ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
[串联式巧记]
[名师指津] a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages vary (various) from 10 to 15.
②There are varieties (variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn't include English words.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)There will be a wide variety of activities to make this unforgettable occasion.
将有各种各样的活动来庆祝这个难忘的时刻。
2．preserve vt.保护；维护；保存；保留 n．保护区
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①Social activities usually preserve old people from the loneliness of old age.
②Some suggestions are made at the meeting that these traditional customs (should) be preserved (preserve) and handed down one generation after another.
③The local government has built a nature preserve to protect (建立自然保护区来保护) this endangered animal.
④For various reasons, only the temple in the north is well preserved (保存完好)．
[归纳法记牢]
(1)preserve sb./sth.from sth. 保护某人/某物免受……
(2)nature preserve 自然保护区
(3)well preserved 保存良好的
[名师指津] preserve(保存)，reserve(保留；预订)，conserve(保护；节省)，deserve(应受；值得)这四个词有相同的词根 serve。
3．advance vt.& vi.前进；促进；提前n.前进；进步
?单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)She decided to go back to college to advance (advance) her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing.
②Having shown you around our school, we will introduce our most advanced (advance) science lab to you.
?补全句子
③China has made great advances in science and technology in the past four decades.
在过去的四十年里，中国在科学技术方面进步很大。
④I'd appreciate it if you could let me know whether you are available or not in advance.
如果你能提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。
[归纳法记牢]
(1)in advance 预先；提前(指事先)
make great advances in 在……取得巨大的进展/进步
(2)advanced adj. 高等的；先进的；高级的
1．no wonder难怪；不足为奇
No wonder (that) ...＝It's no wonder (that) ...
难怪……；……不足为奇
It's a wonder that ... 奇怪的是……
in wonder 惊讶地
I wonder whether (if)/when/why/how ...我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
[演绎法练通]
?单句语法填空
①For a long time, he looked at her in wonder, then he bent over and gave her a kiss.
②It is a wonder that he was so punctual this morning.
?补全句子
③The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment with us. It is no wonder/No wonder that it's so popular.
网络使我们了解最新的消息，也给我们提供娱乐。难怪它那么受欢迎。
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences.
我想知道无论结果如何父母是否都应该告知真相。
2．get close to接近；靠近
(1)be close to 靠近；接近于……
keep a close eye/watch on 严密监视；密切注视
(2)be closely connected with 与……有密切联系
[名师指津] 短语get close to中的get可换成stand, sit, live等动词，分别表示“站得离……近，坐得离……近，住的离……近”。其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或v. ing形式。
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold, so she stood close to her mother.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely (close) as productions filmed in the States.
③众所周知，接近大自然对我们身体健康有益。
As we all know, getting close to nature is beneficial to our health.
3．come to life活跃起来；苏醒过来
(1)come to (oneself) 苏醒过来
come back to life 苏醒过来；复活
when it comes to ... 当谈及……
(2)bring sth.(back) to life 使……生动；使……恢复生机
[名师指津] 和bring sth. (back) to life相反，come to life为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，一般不用于进行时。
[演绎法练通] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to bring the village back to life.
②When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
③The moment we've learned that an art exhibition is to be held and that you're collecting suggestions on its location, we all come to life.
一得知要举办艺术展和你们就展出场所征集意见，我们都积极活跃起来。
4．“疑问词＋ ever”引导让步状语从句
[教材原句] Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!
无论你喜欢哪一个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园！
用法规则 whichever, who(m)ever, whenever, wherever, however, whatever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时，疑问词＋ ever与“no matter＋疑问词”完全相同，可以互换。但引导名词性从句时，疑问词＋ ever不可与“no matter＋疑问词”互换。
注意事项 英语中why, whether不能和ever构成whyever, whetherever的形式。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①(2020·天津5月高考)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish whatever I put my mind to.
②(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
③Whichever road you take, it will lead you to the station.
→No matter which road you take, it will lead you to the station.
5．not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”
[教材原句] Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.
“观测未来”主题公园不仅仅适合个人，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合。
用法规则 (1)not only ...but also ...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。(2)若连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，含not only的句子要用部分倒装。(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词的单复数通常与就近的主语保持一致。
注意事项 遵循就近一致的还有：not ... but; neither ... nor; either ...or ...; there be等。
[针对训练] 单句语法填空/补全句子/句型转换
①Not only Tom but also his classmates are (be) coming to visit museums.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Visiting this paper cutting exhibition, we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot.
参观这次剪纸展览，我们不但能欣赏到民间艺术作品，而且会学到很多。
③As we all know, reading classics can not only improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.
→As we all know, not only can reading classics improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.(倒装句)
一、在考题集训中查验单元语基
(一)高考中的语法填空
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements (amuse)．
2．(2020·浙江1月高考)Wisconsin, also called “America's Dairyland”， is famous for its cheese.
3．(2019·天津高考)When a predator (掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey (猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various (variety) species, they are weakly linked.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central (centre) Paris and tour the main sights.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I advise you to go to the library to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)One thing is for certain — Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle!
7．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length (long) of the runs.
(二)高考中的阅读理解
熟词生义 ①(2016·浙江6月高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.提出②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.景点
词类活用 (2014·安徽高考)Not all historical buildings are attractive.However, there may be other reasons — for example, economic (经济的 ) reasons — why they should be preserved.v.保存；保留
生词僻义 (2013·广东高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.幻想
(三)高考中的完形填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside constantly. It will drive us crazy.
A．admit B．believe
C．mean D．realize
解析：选A 结合下文“they'll want to go outside constantly. It will drive us crazy.”可推知，如果作者他们承认(admit)这是门，孩子就会一直想出去，这会使他们发疯的。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)When we handed him the bag of food, he lit up and thanked us with watery eyes.When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 his family might need, he burst into tears.
A．whoever B．whatever
C．whichever D．whenever
解析：选B 此处表达“用于买他的家庭可能需要的任何东西”，故whatever符合语境。
3．(2014·陕西高考)I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea.So we went over and told the flower seller what we wanted.“Just take it，” she replied.“I can't take your money for such a wonderful 39 .”
A．scene B．habit
C．flower D．deed
解析：选D 表示“一件美好的事情”，故选deed，意思是“行为，事迹”。
4．(2013·江西高考)That was why she was alone on the beach, wearing an expensive swimsuit.It had taken a massive tantrum to get her parents to buy it.They were back at the beach house, recovering from the tantrum she had thrown when they told her that it was too dangerous to go diving alone.“Dangerous？” she had said.“You just don't want me to have 43 .I'm going and if you try to stop me, I'll scream.”
A．time B．money
C．food D．fun
解析：选D 根据语境可知，因为她的父母不让她独自去海里游泳，所以她责怪父母不让她玩得开心。have fun意为“玩得开心”。
(四)高考中的写作
1．(2019·浙江6月高考写作)每当我学习英语有困难时，我总是向你求助。(whenever)
Whenever I have difficulties in learning English, I always turn to you for help.
2．(2017·浙江6月高考写作)如果你对这次郊游感兴趣，一定要提前告诉我们，这样我们可以找个人到社区门口接你。(outing; in advance)
If you are interested in the outing, do let us know in advance so that we can get someone to pick you up at the gate of your community.
3．(2016·天津高考书面表达)我们在学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面共同举办了各种活动。(various)
We held various activities together in study, life, PE, literature and arts and so on.
4．(2015·北京高考书面表达)这次训练营不仅为青少年提供了一次好好享受令人兴奋的运动的机会，而且还为我们提供了一次进一步了解中国传统文化的机会。(not only ...but also ...；倒装句)
Not only does the camp offer teenagers a good chance to enjoy an exciting sport, but it also provides us with a chance to know more about Chinese traditional culture.
二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇
①amuse □
②admit □
③charge □
④hold □
⑤book □
⑥advanced □
⑦unique □
⑧famous □
⑨accessible □
⑩outing □
tourism □
exhibition □
arrangement □
relaxation □
construction □
in size □
be based on □
can't wait to do □
be located/situated in/on □
appreciate wonderful performance □
[练中巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique (仅有的) for underground cities.
2．An amusement (娱乐)park is the perfect locale for youngsters to have all sorts of adventures.
3．The area is famous (著名的) for its very mild winter climate.
4．Almost all students were excited to hear that we were going for an outing (远足) on a crisp fall day.
5．The local government has been trumpeting tourism (旅游业) as a growth industry.
6．Our bean curd processing line is the most advanced (先进的) and well known in the world.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浙江1月高考)It was based on a number of large families.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)What a wonderful time we had! Not only did it give us relaxation (relax), but also it got us closer to nature.
3．The majority of galleries and all special exhibitions (exhibit) are fully accessible.
4．Mike, do you know that my sister Amy was admitted (admit) to Beijing University last year
5．A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free — but you will be charged (charge) if your home gets picked.
6．After her father died, Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ in a ceremony held (hold) in London in 1953.
7．Train tickets can be booked (book) online a minimum of 35 minutes and a maximum of 60 days before departure.
8．It was once only accessible (access) by that top opening, but there is now easy access through a side path for visitors.
9．I'm glad to hear you will spend Spring Festival Eve with my family! Now I'm going to tell you our arrangements (arrange)．
10．Many high school students in the United States get training in construction (construct) skills by building real houses.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．The theme park, which takes up 63 thousand square meters, is very large in size.
这座主题公园面积很大，占地6.3万平方米。
2．Besides/In addition, you appreciate wonderful performance at the theme park.
另外，你可以在主题公园里欣赏精彩的表演。
3．I can't wait to tell you something about the famous Tang Paradise in Xi'an.
我迫不及待向你介绍西安著名的大唐芙蓉园的一些情况。
4．The beautiful park is located/situated on the west of the lake.
这座美丽的公园位于湖的西部。
[单元主题语篇训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
It is every kid's worst dream and six year old Jaden Hayes has lived it — twice. First he lost his dad when he was four and then last month his mom died 1 in her sleep.
“I tried and I tried and I tried to get her 2 — I couldn't，” said Jaden. Jaden is understandably 3 . But there's an improvement on his 4 . A few weeks ago he told his aunt, Barbara DiCola. “He was sick and 5 of seeing everyone sad all the time. And he had a 6 to fix it. And that was the 7 of it，” said Barbara. “That's where the 8 began.”
Jaden asked his 9 Barbara to buy a bunch of little 10 and bring him to downtown Savannah, Georgia near where he 11 ， so he could give them 12 . “I'm trying to make people smile，” said Jaden. Jaden 13 at people who aren't already smiling and then 14 their day around. He's gone out on four 15 occasions (场合) now and he is always 16 . Even if sometimes he doesn't get exactly the 17 he was hoping for. It is just so hard to 18 for some people that a six year old boy would give away a toy — 19 nothing in return — except a smile.
“I'm counting on the 20 to be 33,000，” said Jaden. When asked if he thinks he can make that goal, he answered: “I believe I can.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了六岁的杰登·海耶斯在幼年失去双亲的打击下，不但坚强地走出了痛苦的阴影，而且以发玩具给不开心的路人，让他们回以微笑的方式来帮助别人，并打算集齐三万三千个微笑。
1．A.unexpectedly B．undoubtedly
C．unfairly D．unhappily
解析：选A 这是每个孩子最恐怖的噩梦，而六岁的杰登·海耶斯却亲身经历了两次。第一次是在他四岁的时候，他失去了自己的爸爸，随后，他的妈妈于上个月在睡梦中猝死。die unexpectedly in her sleep指“在睡眠中意外地去世”，即猝死。
2．A.lost B．awake
C．asleep D．healthy
解析：选B 杰登说：“我再三尝试叫醒她，但是没有用。”
3．A.friendly B．warm hearted
C．heart broken D．open minded
解析：选C 杰登的伤心是可以理解的。heart broken“心碎的，伤心的”符合句意。
4．A.trouble B．poverty
C．difficulty D．sadness
解析：选D 但是他的悲痛开始有所转变。根据语境可知，改善的应该是他的悲伤情绪。
5．A.tired B．curious
C．proud D．careful
解析：选A 他厌倦了总是看到人们悲伤的样子。be tired of ...“厌倦……”，符合句意。
6．A.view B．wish
C．plan D．hope
解析：选C 根据后文杰登的行动有条不紊可推知，此句句意为“他已经有了改变这种情况的计划”。故C项正确。
7．A.decision B．discussion
C．ending D．beginning
解析：选D 根据下一句中的“began”可推知，此句句意为“这是一个开始(beginning)”。
8．A.fun B．adventure
C．fear D．travel
解析：选B 根据下文内容可知，杰登分发玩具给不开心的路人，让他们以微笑的方式来帮助别人，并打算集齐三万三千个微笑。故此处表示“这是此次冒险的开始”。
9．A.aunt B．mother
C．teacher D．lawyer
解析：选A 根据第二段中的“... his aunt, Barbara DiCola”可知答案。
10．A.branches B．vegetables
C．flowers D．toys
解析：选D 根据下文提到的送玩具可知，此处表示“杰登要求他的姑姑芭芭拉给他买一些小玩具(toys)”。
11．A.hates B．leaves
C．lives D．likes
解析：选C 杰登要求他的姑姑芭芭拉给他买一些小玩具，并且将他带到他居住地附近的市中心。故C项符合句意。
12．A.away B．back
C．off D．up
解析：选A 这样他就可以把玩具发放出去。give sth. away意为“分发某物”。
13．A.laughs B．brings
C．points D．aims
解析：选D 杰登以没有笑容的人为目标，随后改变他们的这一天。aim at“以……为目标”，符合句意。
14．A.makes B．turns
C．looks D．works
解析：选B turn their day around为习惯搭配，意为“扭转他们的一天”。
15．A.attractive B．formal
C．different D．famous
解析：选C 他现在已经去了四个不同的场合，并且都是大功告成。C项符合句意。
16．A.smart B．dear
C．brave D．successful
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
17．A.results B．rewards
C．hugs D．prizes
解析：选A 即便有时他没有得到他想要的结果。A项符合句意。
18．A.receive B．refuse
C．understand D．accept
解析：选B 这对于一些人而言简直是难以拒绝的(refuse)，一个六岁的孩子不求回报地分发他的玩具，只是想要个微笑。
19．A.guessing B．expecting
C．imagining D．promising
解析：选B 除了微笑，不求回报，只期望别人给以微笑。B项符合语境。
20．A.hairs B．teeth
C．smiles D．tears
解析：选C 根据上一段最后提示可知，此处表示杰登的微笑(smiles)目标是收集33 000个微笑，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Interpersonal communication skills are those which you need every day in your life — be it in your personal or professional life. They are some of the most important skills as a large percentage of your personal life involves interacting with people. 1 Here are some tips to help you be an excellent interpersonal communicator：
2 As the saying goes, “The first impression is the last impression.” Hence you should be careful when it comes to body language. It is said that typical communication consists of more than 50% non verbal communication, which includes body language. So if your body language is sending negative signals to the other person, the communication will probably break down in the process.
Think before you speak. 3 That means you should try to connect with the feelings of the other person in order to show that you care about the conversation between the two of you.
Listen well. The ability to listen to what a person is saying is a skill and you should focus on that while communicating with others. If you have good listening skills you will be able to understand that person's words more clearly and react in a positive manner. 4
Be open to receiving feedback (反馈). Sometimes it is good to step back to receive feedback. 5 You should be able to open up to feedback from the other person and give honest feedback whenever you feel it is needed.
A．Show positive body language.
B．Communicate with others kindly.
C．You should always be confident of what you are speaking.
D．Communication is a two way process and should remain like that.
E．Interpersonal skills also play an important part in your career development.
F．You should consider how your words affect the person before making any comments.
G．It will also send a signal to the other person that you care about what he or she said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人际交流的技巧。
1．选E E项承接上一句说明人际交流技巧在职业发展中的重要性，与前文中的“professional life”相对应，为下一句点明主旨作铺垫，所以选择E项。
2．选A 本空是段落主题句，根据本段中的关键信息“body language”和“negative signals”可以概括出本段主旨，即在交际中要使用积极的肢体语言，所以选择A项。
3．选F F项是对本段首句的展开说明，选项中的“consider”和“making any comments”与空前一句中的“Think”和“speak”相对应，所以选择F项。
4．选G G项中的“It”指代前面所提到的倾听别人，并且选项中的“said”与“care about”相对应，承接上文，说明倾听别人的益处，所以选择G项。
5．选D 由本段首句可知，人际交流是一个双向的过程，不仅要表达自己的想法，也要接受别人作出的反馈，所以此处选择D项。
tips 利用关键信息词解阅读七选五
阅读七选五所选文章一般是内在逻辑性比较强的语篇，这些逻辑性的一个外在显现就是词汇前后呼应，这些拥有内在逻辑关系的词就是关键信息词。在解题时要注意比较文章和选项中的关键词。若存在内在逻辑联系，则该选项就是真确答案。具体步骤如下：
(1)阅读各个空格的前后句，标记关键词。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组、数词、代词、连词等；
(2)阅读各选项并标记关键词；
(3)比较并匹配上述两类关键词，最终确定答案。
例如上文第3题，F项中的“consider”和“making any comments”与空前一句中的“Think”和“speak”相对应；第4题，G项中的“said”与“care about”相对应。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Traditional Chinese Medicine, also sometimes seen shortened as TCM, is 1 form of medicine which has been practiced in China for over 3,000 years, and is also 2 (wide) practiced in other Asian nations as well.In the West, traditional Chinese medicine is viewed as alternative medicine.However, in China it is the primary way of medical treatment for individuals 3 (suffer) from illnesses that range from depression to broken bones.Fundamentally, this type of medicine is about striking a balance 4 yin and yang, the male and female elements (元素)．It is believed that medical problems rise from an imbalance in these elements which must be corrected.
5 (treat) patients effectively, doctors of traditional Chinese medicine use several approaches, many of 6 have been adopted by other cultures as well.Massage, acupuncture (针灸), qigong, and herbs are all techniques for balancing yin and yang in 7 (variety) ways.Qigong is a daily practice which 8 (follow) by doers to keep their energy in balance, while herbs 9 (be) available by prescription and over the counter to treat a wide range of 10 (illness)．Some doctors also mix traditional folk remedies (疗法) into their treatments as well.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中医的历史、特征及其应用。
1．a 考查冠词。空格处在句中表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。
2．widely 考查副词。此处应用副词来修动词practiced。
3．suffering 考查非谓语动词。此处为现在分词短语在句中作定语，用于修饰名词individuals，且表示主谓关系。
4．between 考查介词。between与后面的and构成了固定搭配“between ... and ...”。
5．To treat 考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语在句中作目的状语，且与主语之间是主动关系。
6．which 考查定语从句。先行词指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语，故填关系代词which。
7．various 考查形容词。空格处作定语，用于修饰空后的名词ways，故填形容词various。
8．is followed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语是动作的承受者，结合语境可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
9．are 考查动词的时态。结合上下文语境可知，此处应用一般现在时态。
10．illnesses 考查名词复数。a wide range of“广泛的”，修饰可数名词复数，故空格处应用illness的复数形式illnesses。
tips 语法填空之提示词为形容词、副词
(1)所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需要考虑是否填比较级或最高级。首先可观察有无标注词“than”，然后再分析语境深层次的含义，看是否存在比较对象。
(2)所给提示词是形容词时，还需要考虑是否应转化为副词或名词。此时应在结合语境的前提下，重点分析句式结构，看空格在句中所充当的成分来定答案。
例如上文中第2题给出的提示词为形容词wide，分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语修饰动词，故应用其副词形式。
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