Unit 1 单元主题语篇训练
A
Where some people see creepy (令人毛骨悚然的) insects, Jennifer Angus sees beauty: Rather than rely simply on paints and dyes, the 55 year old professor of textile (纺织品) design creates patterns from thousands of lively insects.
As a kid, Angus had a penchant for patterns, but she didn't develop an interest in insects until her late 20s, when she was researching textiles in Thailand and discovered a table cover.“The fringe (饰边) was made with metallic looking green beetle (甲虫) wings，” says Angus.“I'd never seen beautiful insects — maybe because I grew up in Canada, where all the insects were brown or black. I realized I could take insects and turn them into patterns.”
Angus's insects aren't backyard ones. Most come from countries like Peru, Malaysia and Indonesia.“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people，” says Angus. And she refuses to work with endangered species：“If an insect seems hard to find, I won't use it.”
Since 2002, Angus has created site specific works of art at galleries and museums around the world — like her latest piece at the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery in Washington，D.C. “My collection is very fragile，” says Angus. “I've been refusing some insects for more than 15 years, so I drive it everywhere myself. That means working out exactly how many insects I'll use. I can't get to a gallery and go, ‘I need another 500 cicadas！’”
Angus hopes to inspire a sense of wonder and appreciation in her viewers.“If people leave one of my shows thinking about insects in a new way — one that doesn't involve a fly killer — that's a success，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了以昆虫为创作材料的艺术家Jennifer Angus。
1．What does the underlined part “had a penchant for” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Had respect for. B．Had a liking for.
C．Was frightened of. D．Was confused about.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据上文“the 55 year old professor of textile (纺织品) design”和后面的“researching textiles” 可知，Angus 从小就对设计各类图案感兴趣。
2．What kind of insects does Angus use in her patterns
A．Rare ones. B．Winged ones.
C．Common ones. D．Backyard ones.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people”和“If an insect seems hard to find, I won't use it.”可以推知，Angus用的是普通的昆虫。
3．What can be learned about Angus's works of art
A．They can be seen around the world.
B．They sometimes take over 10 years to finish.
C．They are mostly created at Angus's own house.
D．They are mostly in the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Angus has created site specific works of art at galleries and museums around the world”可知，Angus的作品在世界各地都可以看到。
4．What are Angus's hopes for her works of art
A．They will win her more followers.
B．They will bring her a sense of success.
C．They will inspire more research on insects.
D．They will raise public awareness about the protection of insects.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可以推知，Angus希望自己的作品能够提高公众对昆虫的保护意识。
B
In most circles, a collection of algae specimens (海藻标本) wouldn't cause much excitement, but for botanist (a scientist who studies plants) Anna Atkins, born on March 16, 1799, the aquatic plant life helped to solidify her place in history.Atkins had an unusual upbringing for a woman of her time. In the footsteps of her zoologist father, she developed a love for botany and botanical illustration (插图)．Her early paintings of shells, for example, can be found accompanying work by her father.But it wasn't until she studied under two pioneers of the then new field of photography, that her career took off.
In 1825, Anna married a merchant, John Pelly Atkins, who happened to be a friend of photographer William Henry Fox Talbot.Atkins would study directly under Talbot and was said to have had access to a camera as early as 1841.Because of this, some have declared Atkins, one of the few women in photography during that century, the first ever female photographer, though Talbot's wife Constance is thought to possibly hold the title.
In 1842, another friend of the Atkins family, Sir John Herschel, invented a photographic process called the “cyanotype，” which didn't involve a camera at all.Atkins quickly learned the process, in which light sensitive chemicals are used to produce a brilliant, dark greenish blue print.In 1843 she used the process to create an album of algae specimens and the next year she privately published a book illustrated with photographs.Only 13 copies are known to exist, in various states of completeness.
Despite the undeniable (不可否认的) beauty of cyanotype prints, scientists like Atkins weren't so much interested in photography as an art form. Instead, they used photography for scientific purposes, replacing the watercolors and woodcuts used as illustrative mediums at the time.The cyanotype process was also used to create copies of architectural plans, and these copies were called blueprints.Even though the process is no longer used, any construction document or detailed plan is still referred to as a blueprint.
Atkins and her husband had no children together.She died in 1871 at the age of 72.We can only imagine what she would think of how drastically the realms (领域) of science and photography have expanded since then.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在早期摄影史上留下了光辉印记的英国女植物学家——安娜·阿特金斯。
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．The first camera was invented in 1841.
B．Anna Atkins' father had a great love for drawing.
C．Photography was something new in the early 19th century.
D．Few females chose science as a career in Anna Atkins' time.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“the then new field of photography”可知，在安娜·阿特金斯生活的年代摄影还是新兴领域。
6．What can be learned about Anna Atkins
A．Her 13 books with photographs are in good condition.
B．Her husband had a big influence on her choice of career.
C．She was noted for her combining photography and science.
D．She was officially regarded as the first female photographer.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，安娜·阿特金斯学习摄影后使用朋友新发明的氰版照相法记录植物的标本，出版了作品集《不列颠藻类》，再结合第一段中的“the aquatic plant life helped to solidify her place in history”可知，安娜·阿特金斯因将摄影技术应用于科学研究成果而颇负盛名。
7．What do we know about the cyanotype
A．It was the brainchild of Talbot.
B．It is a simple but high cost technique.
C．It is still employed by contemporary architects.
D．It enables people to produce images without a camera.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which didn't involve a camera at all”可知，该摄影技术不用照相机就能产生影像。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．A photographic invention.
B．The history of photography.
C．The effect of photography on science.
D．A great female botanist and photographer.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，文章以时间为线索介绍了英国女植物学家安娜·阿特金斯的生平以及在科学和摄影领域的成就。故D项可以恰当地概括文章主旨。
C
Don't get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying.He simply may not be able to resist.A University of Iowa(UI) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long term pay off of studying.
“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study.“They draw adolescent.Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager's best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”
For parents, that means limiting distraction (分心的事情) so teenagers can make better choices.Take the homework and social media dilemma: At 9 p．m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facehook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “I'm not saying they shouldn't be allowed access to technology，” Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse control skills.”
In their study，Vaidya and co author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher level reasoning.
“We wanted to try to understand the brain's reward system how it change from childhood to adulthood.” Says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision making.“We've been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an under developed frontal lobe，” he adds.For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.
In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological (神经学上的) aspects of their results.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年对即时效应和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年来说总是充满吸引力。
9．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．The initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the long term pay off of studying.
B．Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.
C．Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.
D．Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“... teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.”可知，本文介绍了青少年对即时效应和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力，故B项正确。
10．Which statement agrees with Vaidya's idea
A．The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.
B．Parents should help children in making decisions.
C．Children should have access to the Internet.
D．Children need help in refocusing their attention.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Vaidya认为帮助孩子们集中注意力是必要的，这样他们就能发展出控制冲动的技能，故D项正确。
11．What result does teenagers' brain underdevelopment lead to
A．Doing things after some thought.
B．Making good decisions.
C．Joining in dangerous actions.
D．Escaping risky behavior.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In their study ... teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.”可知，大脑前庭发育不良会导致青少年冲动、做错误的决定和参与危险的行为，故C项正确。
12．How did the researchers carry out their study
A．By making a comparison of brain examinations.
B．By examining adults' brain.
C．By examining teenage brain.
D．By building the train's reward system.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“For their study，the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents，aged 13 and 16，and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”可知，研究人员是通过对比40名青少年和40名成人的检查结果而展开研究的，故A项正确。
tips “四步法”巧解推理判断题
(1)浏览试题，明确要求。在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项，带着问题阅读文章，便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
(2)通读全文，抓住主要内容。抓住中心思想和段落大意，注意文章的第一段或每段开头的前两个句子，这些地方往往包含着文章/段落的中心思想、作者的意图或是全文/段落的概述。
(3)进行合理的推理判断。根据句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等对上下文之间的关系进行推理判断。
(4)认真复读，验证答案。用全文的中心思想统领各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，确保理解无误。
例如上文第12题，根据题干中的“carry out their study”定位倒数第二段最后一句“For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”，在此基础上进行适度、合理推测可知，“让这些不同年龄段的人参与是为了作比较”。
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6Unit 1 单元主题语篇训练
A
Where some people see creepy (令人毛骨悚然的) insects, Jennifer Angus sees beauty: Rather than rely simply on paints and dyes, the 55 year old professor of textile (纺织品) design creates patterns from thousands of lively insects.
As a kid, Angus had a penchant for patterns, but she didn't develop an interest in insects until her late 20s, when she was researching textiles in Thailand and discovered a table cover.“The fringe (饰边) was made with metallic looking green beetle (甲虫) wings，” says Angus.“I'd never seen beautiful insects — maybe because I grew up in Canada, where all the insects were brown or black. I realized I could take insects and turn them into patterns.”
Angus's insects aren't backyard ones. Most come from countries like Peru, Malaysia and Indonesia.“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people，” says Angus. And she refuses to work with endangered species：“If an insect seems hard to find, I won't use it.”
Since 2002, Angus has created site specific works of art at galleries and museums around the world — like her latest piece at the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery in Washington，D.C. “My collection is very fragile，” says Angus. “I've been refusing some insects for more than 15 years, so I drive it everywhere myself. That means working out exactly how many insects I'll use. I can't get to a gallery and go, ‘I need another 500 cicadas！’”
Angus hopes to inspire a sense of wonder and appreciation in her viewers.“If people leave one of my shows thinking about insects in a new way — one that doesn't involve a fly killer — that's a success，” she says.
1．What does the underlined part “had a penchant for” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Had respect for. B．Had a liking for.
C．Was frightened of. D．Was confused about.
2．What kind of insects does Angus use in her patterns
A．Rare ones. B．Winged ones.
C．Common ones. D．Backyard ones.
3．What can be learned about Angus's works of art
A．They can be seen around the world.
B．They sometimes take over 10 years to finish.
C．They are mostly created at Angus's own house.
D．They are mostly in the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery.
4．What are Angus's hopes for her works of art
A．They will win her more followers.
B．They will bring her a sense of success.
C．They will inspire more research on insects.
D．They will raise public awareness about the protection of insects.
B
In most circles, a collection of algae specimens (海藻标本) wouldn't cause much excitement, but for botanist (a scientist who studies plants) Anna Atkins, born on March 16, 1799, the aquatic plant life helped to solidify her place in history.Atkins had an unusual upbringing for a woman of her time. In the footsteps of her zoologist father, she developed a love for botany and botanical illustration (插图)．Her early paintings of shells, for example, can be found accompanying work by her father.But it wasn't until she studied under two pioneers of the then new field of photography, that her career took off.
In 1825, Anna married a merchant, John Pelly Atkins, who happened to be a friend of photographer William Henry Fox Talbot.Atkins would study directly under Talbot and was said to have had access to a camera as early as 1841.Because of this, some have declared Atkins, one of the few women in photography during that century, the first ever female photographer, though Talbot's wife Constance is thought to possibly hold the title.
In 1842, another friend of the Atkins family, Sir John Herschel, invented a photographic process called the “cyanotype，” which didn't involve a camera at all.Atkins quickly learned the process, in which light sensitive chemicals are used to produce a brilliant, dark greenish blue print.In 1843 she used the process to create an album of algae specimens and the next year she privately published a book illustrated with photographs.Only 13 copies are known to exist, in various states of completeness.
Despite the undeniable (不可否认的) beauty of cyanotype prints, scientists like Atkins weren't so much interested in photography as an art form. Instead, they used photography for scientific purposes, replacing the watercolors and woodcuts used as illustrative mediums at the time.The cyanotype process was also used to create copies of architectural plans, and these copies were called blueprints.Even though the process is no longer used, any construction document or detailed plan is still referred to as a blueprint.
Atkins and her husband had no children together.She died in 1871 at the age of 72.We can only imagine what she would think of how drastically the realms (领域) of science and photography have expanded since then.
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．The first camera was invented in 1841.
B．Anna Atkins' father had a great love for drawing.
C．Photography was something new in the early 19th century.
D．Few females chose science as a career in Anna Atkins' time.
6．What can be learned about Anna Atkins
A．Her 13 books with photographs are in good condition.
B．Her husband had a big influence on her choice of career.
C．She was noted for her combining photography and science.
D．She was officially regarded as the first female photographer.
7．What do we know about the cyanotype
A．It was the brainchild of Talbot.
B．It is a simple but high cost technique.
C．It is still employed by contemporary architects.
D．It enables people to produce images without a camera.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．A photographic invention.
B．The history of photography.
C．The effect of photography on science.
D．A great female botanist and photographer.
C
Don't get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying.He simply may not be able to resist.A University of Iowa(UI) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long term pay off of studying.
“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study.“They draw adolescent.Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager's best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”
For parents, that means limiting distraction (分心的事情) so teenagers can make better choices.Take the homework and social media dilemma: At 9 p．m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facehook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “I'm not saying they shouldn't be allowed access to technology，” Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse control skills.”
In their study，Vaidya and co author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher level reasoning.
“We wanted to try to understand the brain's reward system how it change from childhood to adulthood.” Says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision making.“We've been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an under developed frontal lobe，” he adds.For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.
In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological (神经学上的) aspects of their results.
9．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．The initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the long term pay off of studying.
B．Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.
C．Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.
D．Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.
10．Which statement agrees with Vaidya's idea
A．The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.
B．Parents should help children in making decisions.
C．Children should have access to the Internet.
D．Children need help in refocusing their attention.
11．What result does teenagers' brain underdevelopment lead to
A．Doing things after some thought.
B．Making good decisions.
C．Joining in dangerous actions.
D．Escaping risky behavior.
12．How did the researchers carry out their study
A．By making a comparison of brain examinations.
B．By examining adults' brain.
C．By examining teenage brain.
D．By building the train's reward system.
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