2022年中考英语备考短语动词高频考点聚焦学案（含答案）

短语动词高频考点聚焦
考点聚焦
一、概念
短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为短语动词。短语动词的搭配可分为六种基本类型。
二、分类及用法
考点1：动词+介词
动词与介词构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，其宾语位置比较固定，一般都位于介词之后。常见的此类介词有for， about， of， after， from， into， to， with， at等。
常见的这类短语有：wait for 等待;look after 照顾;look for 寻找;hear from 收到某人的来信;look at 看……;depend on 依靠;ask for 请求;询问;agree with 同意;stand for 代表;pay for 付费;send for 派人去请;take after 像;hear of 听说等。
考点2：动词+副词
这类短语动词有的可用作及物动词，有的可用作不及物动词。当用作及物动词且其宾语是名词时，该宾语可位于短语动词之后，也可位于短语动词之间;当其宾语是代词时，则该宾语只能置于短语动词中间。常见的此类副词有away， out， off， up， down， back， in， along等。
常见的这类短语有：cheer up 振奋起来;clean up 打扫干净;put up 张贴;举起;get up 起床;turn up 调大;make up 编造;stay up 熬夜;take up 开始做;set up 建立;cut up 切碎;fix up 修理;work out 算出;give out 分发;give away 赠送;think over 仔细思考;turn over 把……翻过来;hand in 上交;start off 动身;come back 回来;get down 下来;hold on 等一下;别挂断;look out 当心;小心;get away逃离等。
考点3：动词+副词+介词
这类短语相当于一个及物动词，所带宾语总是位于介词之后。
常见的这类短语有：get out of 离开，从……出来;come up with 想出;look forward to 盼望;catch up with 赶上;come up to 走近;go on with 继续;run out of 用光;耗尽;look down upon 瞧不起等。
考点4：动词+名词+介词
这类短语相当于一个及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。
常见的这类短语有：have a look at 看一看;make friends with 与……交朋友;take care of 照顾;pay attention to 注意;take part in 参加;make use of 利用;take notice of 注意;make fun of 取笑等。
考点5：be+形容词+介词
这类短语也相当于及物动词，其后要跟宾语，宾语放在介词后。
常见的这类短语有：be good at 擅长于……;be good with 对……有办法;be interested in对……感兴趣;be similar to 与……相像;be strict in / with 在……方面严格/对……严格;be familiar with 熟悉;be different from 与……不同;be full of 装满等。
考点6：动词+名词
常见的此类动词有have， take， give， make等。
常见的这类短语有：have a rest 休息一下;take a walk 散步;make a wish 许愿;take a message捎个口信等。
经典试题
1. My deskmate and I are going to ______ a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.
A. hand in B. put on
C. take out D. go on with
【解析】考查短语动词的词义辨析：hand in 上交;put on 上演;穿上;增重;take out 带出去;go on with 继续。题意为 “我的同桌和我打算上演一个谈话节目来庆祝祖国的70 周年诞辰”，故选 B。
2. —Shall we go to the airport to ______ your sister？
—I dont think its necessary. She will come here by taxi.
A. see off B. pick up
C. look after D. come across
【解析】句意：——我们去机场接你的姐姐，好吗？——我想这没有必要，她会乘出租车来这里。see off为某人送行;pick up拾起;接某人;look after照顾;come across偶然遇见。根据She will come here by taxi. 可知，这里表示“去机场接……”，故选B。
3. Theyll succeed in working out the problem because they never ______.
A. wake up B. give up
C. look up D. make up
【解析】 句意：他們会成功地解决这个问题，因为他们从没放弃。考查短语动词辨析。wake up 醒来;give up 放弃;look up 查找;make up 编造。because“因为”，表原因，根据Theyll succeed in working out the problem可知A、C、D三项意思都不合句意，故选B。
4. Dont forget to ______ the lights when they are not in use！
A. turn over B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn on
【解析】 句意“当你不使用灯时，不要忘记关掉它们”。turn over 移交;turn off 关闭;turn up 出现;turn on 打开。根据句意可知，不用灯时要关灯，故选B。
【拓展】 与turn有关的短语：turn down 调低（音量等）;turn up 调高（音量等）;turn off 关闭;turn on 打开;turn around 转身;turn over 翻转;turn left 左转;turn right 右转;turn out 结果是
5. Those young firemen were brave enough to ______ the fire in the forest.
A. work out B. put out
C. hand out D. look out
【解析】 句意：那些年轻的消防队员足够勇敢地扑灭了森林中的大火。work out 解出，算出;put out 熄灭;hand out 上交;look out 小心。根据句意可知是扑灭大火。故选B。
跟踪训练
1. The English Speech Competition ______ the best in her. As a result， she is more active now.
A. checked out B. tried out
C. left out D. brought out
2. Would you please ______ the light？ I cant sleep well with it on.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn to D. turn around
3. All the members decided to ______ the money from the book sale to homeless people.
A. give up B. give away
C. take up D. take away
4. Miss Lee likes ______. She tells everyone that she has got a new car.
A. coming out B. showing off
C. turning out D. taking off
5. On the first day of Chinese New Year， we ______ new clothes and visit people.
A. pick up B. put on
C. take off D. throw away
答案
1—5 DBBBB