2022年中考英语语法复习学案 定语从句（无答案）

定语从句
一．定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有：关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)
关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
三．关系副词的用法：
1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语
It happned in November when the weather was wet and cold.
2.where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中做地点状语
Let’s look for a place where we can swim.
3.why指原因，其先行词常是reason，在句中做原因状语
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
关系代词只用that,不用which的情况
1.先行词为：all,everything,anything,nothing ,little,much等不定代词时。
He told me everything that he knows.
2.先行词被all ,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰，或先行词本身就是最高级或序数词时。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
4.先行词既指人又指物时。
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.先行词被the only,the very 修饰时。
He is the only man that can do the work.
6.句中已经有who或which ,为了避免重复时，
Who is the girl that is drawing a picture
【练习】
用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose
1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.
2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.
3. The man __________ you went to see has come.
4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.
6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.
7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.
8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.
9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.
10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
11. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.
13.This is shirt ___________I bought yesterday.
14.A dictionary is a book ________ gives the meaning to the word.
15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.
16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.
17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.
18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing
19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.
20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.
单项选择
( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
( ) 2. What’s the name of the program________.
A. which are listening B. you are listening to
C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening
( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.
A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything
( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.
A. whom B. whose C. that D. which
( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.
A. where B. in which C. which D. in that
( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 7. Do you know the student_____
A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk
C. I often talk with D. that I often talk
( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.
A. whose B. who’s C. it's D. its
( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____
A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it
( )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.
A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that
( )11． Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
( )12. That's all ______ I have seen and heard.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
( )13. Have you seen the man _____ plan we were talking about______ yesterday
A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them
( )14.The Oscar is one of the film prizes ____ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been
( )15. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.
A. that B. as C. who D. which
( )16. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A. who's B. whose C. that D. of which
( )17. _________ cleans the classroom can go home first.
A. Anyone B. those who C. However D. The one who
( )18. The police caught the man _______ stole my handbag.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
( )19. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.
A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was
( )20. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
【真题练习】
1. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
2. Jim dislikes people ______talk much but never do anything .
A.who B.whom C.whose
3.—I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday.
--Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_______
A.left B.was leaving C.has left D.had left
4. We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.
A. which B. when C. who D. whose
5. Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom
A.who B.which C.when
6.）Jim dislikes people _______talk much but never do anything.
A.whom B.when C.whose D.who
7.—The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.
--Yes.They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.
A.which B.what C./ D.who
8. Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning
A.when B.what C.that
9. Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed
A which B what C whom D who
10. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______HongKong was returned to China.
A.that B.which C.where D.when
11. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
12. This is the novel ______ is written by Guo Jingming.
A. who B. what C. that D. /
13. Jim dislikes people ______ talk much but never do anything.
A. whom B. when C. whose D. who
14. The girl _________ is sitting under the big tree is Lynn’s cousin.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
15. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _______ have helped me.
A. who B. what C. which D. where
16. The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease ______ has caused many deaths.
A. who B. which C. whom D. what
17. Disney is an amusement park _______ you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
18. The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.
A. what B. whose C. who D. which
19. (The skirt _________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.
A. what B. / C. that D. it
20. I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative.
A. which B. who C. what D. whose
21. Jack, there is someone in the office ______ would like to speak with you.
A. who B. which C. whom
22. Shaolin Temple ________ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.
A. where B. which C. who D. what
23. We should give love to the children _______ lost their parents in the earthquake .
A. who B. whom C. those D. which
24. -The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it
-Yes, it has built many schools ________ those children can study happily.
A. where B. when C. which
25. -There are many volunteers ________ are helping the children in Sichuan.
-And most of them are college students.
A. which B. when C. whose D. who
26. -What are you looking for
-I am looking for the book ________ I bought yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whose
27. We know Jackie Chan ________ movies are very popular with the young.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
28. Is this university_______ your elder brother will choose this year
A. the one B. that C. where
29. -Do you know the boy _______ is standing under the tree
-Yes. He’s Peter. He’s new in our class.
A. where B. what C. who D. whose