2021年山西中考二轮专题中考复习-动词和动词短语（word版，含答案）

动词和动词短语.
知识导图
动词词义辨析
命题点1 　动词词义辨析 (必考：每年1～4道；单选、完形)
分析山西近5年中考真题可知，动词词义辨析可分为2个考向：实义动词词义辨析和感官动词词义辨析。
考向一 实义动词词义辨析(必考：每年1～4道)
分析山西近5年中考真题可知，动词词义辨析可分为2个考向：实义动词词义辨析和感官动词词义辨析。
实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定三个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后的逻辑关系，确定正确答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的含义。
例　Everyone is special. Don’t always ________ yourself with others, or you may have tons of pressure and won't feel happy forever.
A. connect B. communicate C. compare
方法点拨：第①步：三个选项的含义分别是：与……有联系；交流，沟通；比较。第②步：分析语境“每个人都是特别的。不要总是把你自己和别人________，否则你会有很大的压力，并且永远不会感到快乐”。 将三个选项分别代入语境可知compare符合，故选C。
考向二 感官动词词义辨析(2019.39)　　
山西近5年中考真题仅在单选中考查了1次look的用法。解答此类试题的关键是熟记各个感官动词的含义及用法。
命题点2　动词短语辨析 (必考：每年1～2道；单选、完形)
分析山西近5年中考真题可知，动词短语是山西中考的必考点，在单选(每年必考1道)和完形(5年3考)中考查。选项设置有以下四种形式：不同动词＋同一介词/副词(2017.45, 2015.32)；同一动词＋不同介词/副词；同一动词＋不同名词(2018.28)；不同动词＋不同介词/副词(每年必考1道)。针对此类试题，考生首先要牢记常见短语的意思，然后再根据具体语境选择最佳答案。此处梳理初中阶段的高频动词短语。
考向一 不同动词＋同一介词/副词(2019.39)　　
山西近5年中考真题仅在单选中考查了1次look的用法。解答此类试题的关键是熟记各个感官动词的含义及用法
up短语
think up想出(2015.32)
give up放弃
hurry up赶快；急忙(做某事)
bring up提出，养育，培养
dress up装扮；乔装打扮
grow up成长，长大
look up查阅；抬头看
make up编造(故事、谎言等)
pick up接电话；捡起
put up张贴；搭起；举起
set up建立；设立
show up出席；露面
shut up闭嘴；关门
stay up不睡觉，熬夜
take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做
turn up调大
about短语
know/learn about了解；学习(2017.45)
argue about争论　 care about关心；在意
complain about抱怨 hear about听说
talk about谈论 think about思考；思索 worry about担心
at短语
arrive at到达　　knock at敲
laugh at嘲笑 look at看
point at指向 shout at对……大喊
throw at投向，掷向
look back at回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
away短语
give away赠送；捐赠　
put away 放好
run away逃跑　
take away带走，拿走
throw away扔掉；抛弃
back短语
bring back恢复；使想起；归还
come back回来
give back归还
talk back回嘴；顶嘴
think back回想起
pay back 偿还(借款等)
down短语
break down停止运转，出故障
calm down平静/镇静下来
cut down砍倒；削减
die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
fall down摔倒
slow down减速，放慢速度
turn down调低，关小；拒绝
write down写下；记录下
off短语
break off折断，断绝，中断
clean off清理干净　drop off减少，下降
give off发出(光、热等)
go off(闹钟)发出响声
keep off(使)不接近
pay off偿清(欠款等)
put off推迟，拖延，延期
set off动身，起程
show off炫耀；卖弄
shut off关闭；停止运转
take off脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞
on短语
call on拜访；号召，请求　carry on继续
depend on取决于；依靠；信赖
go on 继续
hold on等一等(别挂电话)，坚持
keep on 继续(进行)
live/feed on以……为食；靠……为生
pass on传递
put on穿上；戴上；增加(体重)；发胖
try on试穿
turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开
work on从事，继续工作
out短语
break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
bring out使显现；使表现出
carry out执行，贯彻
come out出来；开花；出版
die out灭绝；消失　find out找出；查明
give out分发；散发 hand out分发
leave out不包括；忽略
look out向外看；当心
point out指出　put out熄灭，关，扑灭
run out (of)用尽；耗尽
set out出发；启程
turn out结果是，被证明是
work out成功地发展；解决
考向二 同一动词＋不同介词/副词　
look短语
look after照顾
look about四下环顾，环视，查看
look around环顾
look for寻找；寻求　
look into调查，观察
look over仔细检查
look through快速查看；浏览
look up查阅，查找
look back at回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
look forward to盼望；期待
look up to钦佩；仰慕；看得起
put短语
put away放好，储存
put down 放下；写下
put in放入
put off 推迟
put on穿上；戴上；增加(体重)；发胖
put out扑灭，熄灭
put through接通(电话)
put up张贴；搭起；举起
put up with容忍
put sth. to good use充分利用
take短语
take after(外貌或行为)像
take down拆除；往下拽；记录
take in吸入；吞入(体内)
take off脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞
take on呈现，承担
take out 取出
take over接管
take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做
turn短语
turn down拒绝；(声音)调低
turn into(使)变成　
turn in上交，交还
turn off关掉
turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开
turn to转向；求助于
turn up开大；调高；出现
考向三 同一动词＋不同名词(2018.29)　
take短语
take pride in为……感到自豪(2018.29)
take action(s)采取行动
take notes记笔记
take place发生；出现
take care of照顾；处理
take part in参加
take a break/look/shower/risk/rest/walk 小憩/看/洗澡/冒险/休息/散步
make短语
make a contribution做贡献
make a decision做决定
make a difference有影响，起作用
make a living谋生　make a promise承诺
1. (2019福建)My deskmate and I are going to ________ a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.
A. hand in B. put on C. take out
2. (2019 河南改编)You can’t change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What ________ is what you do, not what you know.
A. includes B. decides C. matters
3. (2019宜昌改编)—About 20 million people in the world have no enough safe drinking water.
—So we should________ how to deal with the problems of water.
A. get through B. think about C. look after
4. (2019青岛改编)The English Speech Competition ________ the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.
A. checked out B. tried out C. brought out
5. (2019临沂改编)Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale and________ the money to a children’s home.
A. gave away B. gave up C. gave out
6. (2020原创)To make children face challenges more bravely in the future, parents should know how to ________ their children.
A. teach B. control C. tell
7. (2020原创)Sometimes, you can just ________ hobbies as a way to relax yourselves without worrying about whether you are good at it.
A. work B. consider C. think
8. (2020原创) We should learn to ________ with others face to face when there are some problems between us. It’s not only useful for our mood, but also for our social abilities.
A. deal B. share C. communicate
9. (2020原创)I learn English by taking notes carefully. I think good study methods can help us ________ better results with less effort.
A. achieve B. support C. return
10. (2020原创)I believe you will succeed in getting into a good university if you ________ studying hard.
A. stop B. keep C. mind
11. (2020原创)Sometimes life isn’t as perfect as we imagine. So we should learn to ________ the sadness in our life.
A. accept B. finish C. learn
12. (2020原创)Having enough sleep at night is helpful to ________ your memory and make you learn better.
A. change B. doubt C. improve
13. (2020原创)Don’t be upset. The problem is a little difficult, so it may take a long time to ________ a solution.
A. dream B. require C. find
14. (2020原创)You’d better spend more time talking with your parents when you have different opinions so that they can ________ you better.
A. understand B. warn C. worry
15. (2020原创)If you want to get a high score in the English exam, you’d better ________ what you’ve learned carefully.
A. look up B. talk about C. go over
16. (2020原创)We should save energy by ________ the lights when we leave a room. Even small things make a difference.
A. turning down B. turning up C. turning off
17. (2020原创) ________！ The world is not coming to an end. Just believe in yourself and success is around the corner.
A. Stay up　 B. Give up C. Cheer up
18. (2020原创)You’d better ________ what your parents have said before you make the final decision. After all, they have more experience than you.
A. look for B. think over C. point out
19. (2020原创)We must finish the homework on time. Remember it’s not a good habit to ________ today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. put away C. put up
20. (2020原创)We may meet all kinds of difficulties in the future, but we should be confident enough to ________ any challenge.
A. throw away B. look through C. deal with
21. (2020原创)My father thinks that good eating habits are very important to our health, so he seldom encourages us to ________．
A. eat out B. take away C. keep off
22. (2020原创)Everyone is eager to be successful. But we shouldn’t just ________ without taking action. Or all the plans will be meaningless.
A. make mistakes　　　 B. make plans C. make notes
参考答案
专题八　动词及动词短语
1. B　2. C　3. B　4. C 　5. A　6. A　7. B　8. C
9. A　10. B　11. A　12. C　13. C　14. A　15. C
16. C　17. C　18. B　19. A 　20. C 　21. A　22. B
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