2021年山西中考二轮专题中考复习-形容词&副词（word版，含答案）

形容词和副词adj.&adv.
知识导图
命题点　形容词短语辨析 (5年4考；单选、完形)
形容词短语辨析是山西中考的高频考点，主要在单选和完形中考查形容词短语在具体语境中的辨析。对于此类试题考生需读懂题干并熟悉各个形容词短语的意思。下面罗列常见的形容词短语：
1. 与of搭配(2018.37, 2017.27)
be full of充满(2018.37)
be proud of为……感到骄傲/自豪(2017.27)
be afraid of害怕……
be careful of对……小心
be short of缺少；缺乏
be sure of对……有把握
be tired of对……感到厌倦
2. 与for搭配(2019.29, 2015.27)
be thirsty for渴望；渴求(2019.29, 2015.27)
be bad/good for对……有坏/好处
be famous/known for因……而著名
be late for迟到
be sorry for对……感到抱歉/遗憾
be suitable/fit for适合……
be thankful for因……而感激
be responsible for对……有责任/负责任
3. 与with搭配
be angry with生(某人)的气
be born with天生具有
be busy with忙于……
be filled with充满；装满
be good with和……相处得好
be patient with对……有耐心
be pleased with对……感到满意
be popular with受……欢迎
be satisfied with对……感到满意
be strict with对(某人)严格要求
4. 与at搭配
be good at擅长于……
be mad at对……生气
be surprised at对……感到惊讶
5. 与about搭配
be careful about对……小心
be certain/sure about对……有把握
be crazy about对……着迷
be excited about对……感到兴奋；因……而激动
be serious about对……是认真的
be worried about对……担心
6. 与to搭配
be able to能够(做某事)
be close to接近于
be friendly to对……友好
be good/kind/nice to对……好
be harmful to对……有害
be polite to对……有礼貌
be ready to准备好(做某事)；愿意(做某事)
be similar to与……相像的/类似的
be thankful to对(某人)心存感激
be used to习惯于……；适应于……
be useful to对……有用
7. 与from搭配
be absent from缺席；不在
be different from与……不同；与……有差异
be far from远离……
8. 与in搭配
be interested in对……感兴趣
be weak in在……方面薄弱
命题点2　副词词义辨析 (必考：每年1～2道；单选、完形)
分析山西近5年中考真题可知，副词词义辨析是每年必考点，在单选(5年4考)和完形(每年1道)中涉及，以考查 ly结尾的副词(5年7考)在具体语境下的词义辨析为主。此外还考查过频度副词(2019.41)、疑问副词(2017.42)及连接副词(2017.39)词义辨析。
在解答此类试题时，考生首先应该读懂题干要表达的意思，抓住题干中的关键信息，并分析三个选项的意思，仔细分辨它们之间的差异，最后选出正确的答案。
1. 以 ly结尾的常见副词(5年7考)
bravely勇敢地　　　 carefully小心地
clearly清晰地 directly直接地；直率地
easily简单地 finally最终地；最后地
loudly大声地 luckily幸运地
politely礼貌地 quickly迅速地
really真的；确实 recently不久前；最近
silently不说话地；沉默地 suddenly突然；忽然
warmly温暖地；亲切地；热烈地
2. 频度副词(2019.41)
3. 疑问副词(2017.42)
4. 连接副词(2017.39)
5. 程度副词
6. 时间副词(组)
7. 地点副词
8. 其他副词
常见的系动词与副词构成的固定搭配有：
be away离开　　　　　 be back回来
be down倒地；下楼 be off离开
be out在外 be over结束 be up到了；结束了；起床
命题点3　形容词和副词的比较等级(5年3考；词语运用)
分析山西近5年中考真题可知，形容词的比较等级在词语运用中考查过3次(2019.76, 2016.73, 2015.85)，且变形均为规则变化。考生在解答比较等级类试题时，首先根据语境，选定需要填入空处的形容词，然后根据比较等级的固定结构及标志词判定需要填入何种比较等级，如：as...as这一句型中通常是原级，than, of the two等通常是比较级的标志，much修饰比较级，one of后通常跟最高级等。
形容词、副词比较等级的判定
1. 形容词、副词原级
(1)判定：由表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时，用形容词原级或表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。如：The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。
(2)原级的常见结构及用法：
2. 形容词、副词的比较级
(1)判定：由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。如：
He runs much faster. 他跑得更快一些。
(2)比较级的常见结构及用法：
3. 形容词、副词的最高级
(1)判定：表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可以不加。最高级的句末常跟一个in/of/among 短语来表示范围。即用“A＋be＋the＋最高级(＋in/of/among)...”表示。如：
This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有的画中最好的。
(2)最高级的常见结构及用法：
形容词和副词比较等级的构成
规则变化(5年3考)
不规则变化
敲黑板 记重点
以下这些形容词、副词比较等级的判定方法，你记住了吗？
1. 由表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时，用形容词______。
2. 表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。
3. 由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词或副词的______。
4. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词或副词的______。形容词最高级前必须加______，副词最高级前可以不用加the。句末常跟一个in/of/among 短语来表示范围，即用“A＋be＋the＋最高级＋(in/of/among)．..”表示。
命题点4用形容词的适当形式填空 (必考：每年1～3道，词语运用)
分析山西近5年中考真题可知，词语运用每年均在方框中给出1～3个形容词，共给出12个形容词，且均为原形，2016年有1个为干扰项，其余11个全部用到。具体考查情况如下：
解答此类试题时，考生需要根据空格前后的单词来判断填何种词性.
考向① 形容词变副词(必考：每年1道)　　
1. 如何判断空格处使用副词
(1)动词/动词短语＋副词(5年3考)，如：
When I heard my name, my heart was beating so quickly(quick). I thought I would stop breathing.[八(下)Unit 5 P40]
(2)副词＋实义动词、动词短语(2016.77, 2015.82)，如：He almost completely(complete) finished the task by himself.
(3)副词＋形容词，如：
Everyone is good at something, but some people are truly(true) talented.[八(上)Unit 4 P29]
(4)位于句首作状语，修饰整个句子，如：
Luckily(lucky), Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.[九(全)Unit 12 P90]
2. 形容词与副词的转化
(1)一般形容词，词尾直接加 ly，如：
complete→completely(2018.75, 2015.82)
quiet→quietly(2016.77)
quick→quickly(2019.75)
serious→seriously(2017.74)
(2)以“辅音字母＋ y”结尾的，变y为i再加 ly，如：
lucky→luckily　happy→happily
(3)以“元音字母＋ e”结尾的，去e再加 ly，如：true→truly
(4)以“辅音字母＋ e”结尾的，直接加 ly，如：
polite→politely　wide→widely
(5)以“辅音字母＋ le”结尾的，去e加 y，如：
terrible→terribly　possible→possibly
(6)以“元音字母＋ le”结尾的，直接加 ly，如：
pale→palely
(7)形容词与副词同形的词：
daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等
注意
1. 有些以 ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：lovely, lively, friendly, lonely。
2. 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：
考向2 形容词变名词(5年3考)　
1. 如何判断空格处使用名词
(1)所有格＋名词(2017.79)，如：Lack of sleep is harm ful to one’s health(healthy)．
(2)在固定搭配中(2019.77, 2015.81)，如：All of us can make a big difference (different) to our environment if we can play a part in protecting it.
2. 形容词与名词的转换
(1)adj.(以y结尾，变y为i)＋ ness
happy→happiness(2017.79)　blind→blindness
dark→darkness ill→illness
kind→kindness sad→sadness
(2)adj.(去t)＋ ce
different→difference(2019.77, 2015.81)
important→importance patient→patience
we can play a part in protecting it.
(3)adj.(去e)＋ ity/y
active→activity difficult→difficulty
(4)adj.＋ er/r
foreign→foreigner strange→stranger
(5)其他
basic→basis dead→death
free→freedom high→height
medical→medicine true→truth
考向2形容词、副词变比较等级(5年3考)
1. 如何判断空格处填比较级
(1)上下文语境(2015.85), 如：One kind word can make someone’s day brighter (bright)．
(2)由标志词than, much, even, far等修饰(2016.73)，如：
Students often forget that their parents have more(many) experience than them, and are always there to help them.[八(上)Unit 10 P77]
(3)在句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”中，如：
The more(many) careful you are, the fewer(few) mistakes you will make.
(4)在句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”句型中，如：more (many/much) and more
2. 如何判断空格处填最高级
(1)one of＋the＋形容词最高级 (2019.76)，如：
Miss Li is one of the most famous(famous) teachers.
(2)由标志词 in China, in the world, of all等修饰， 如：
The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.[八(下)Unit 7 P52]
(3)根据上下文语境，如：It might be the worst (bad) day for me.
(4)固定搭配中，如：You should try your best (good) to learn every subject well.
(5)the＋序数词＋最高级，如：Among the four seas off the coast of China, the East China Sea is the second deepest (deep)．
注：比较等级的变化规则详见本专题命题点4
一、单项选择
1. (2019重庆B卷改编)Lisa made so many mistakes in her homework, because she didn’t do it ________ enough.
A. carefully B. busily C. quickly
2. (2019宜昌改编)—He hardly had friends because he used to be mean.
—But now he has changed a lot. He treats others________ and is popular.
A. nicely B. carelessly C. rudely
3. (2019广东改编)A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much ________ than the one with 4G.
A. higher B. faster C. further
4. (2019扬州改编)—Tan Dun does not use any musical instruments in his music Water.
—That’s really amazing! He is so________．
A. energetic B. serious C. creative
5. (2019滨州改编)—Confucius Institute(孔子学院)has been set up in many other countries.
—Yes, Chinese is ________ spoken in those countries.I am proud of that as a Chinese.
A. seldom B. already C. always
6. (2019青岛改编)My brother has a healthy living habit. He ________ stays up late, and he is an early bird.
A. usually B. hardly C. often
7. (2019淮安改编)—What do you think of working as a doctor
—It’s a good job to help people keep ________．
A. busy B. strict C. healthy
8. (2019盐城改编)________ say that English is too difficult for us to learn. We can learn it well with efforts.
A. Always B. Sometimes C. Never
9. (2019抚顺改编) Not only Chinese kids but also western kids are ________ Journey to the West. Especially the monkey is quite popular among the teenagers.
A. afraid of B. worried about　 C. interested in
10. (2019 太原市二模)As the host of the 2019 National Youth Games, Taiyuan will try it best to make a ________ impression.
A. simple B. fantastic C. smooth
11. (2019 山西省实验中学模拟)You’d better put down your smartphone. It ________ your eyes if you keep watching the screen.
A. is harmful to　　　　 B. is strict with C. is hard on
12. (2019 晋中市适应性训练)We should try to be a(n)________ person who never breaks his promises or tells lies in any case.
A. active B. famous C. honest
13. (2019山西九年级第一次大联考)—How do you use your time ________， David
—I usually make a to do list in the morning, and then finish them one by one.
A. wisely B. easily C. loudly
14. (2019 晋中市适应性训练)Teachers have done a lot for us, so everyone should ________ them.
A. be patient with 　　　 B. be thankful to C. be strict with
15. (2020原创)If you know what you want, and try your best to get it, then you’ll never feel ________.
A. upset B. terrible C. bored
16. (2020原创)Since China has increased the ________ influence with its development, more and more foreigners are becoming interested in learning about China.
A. international B. natural C. personal
17. (2020原创)Drivers are asked not to use their phones while driving, because it will ________ cause traffic accidents.
A. quickly B. properly C. easily
18. (2020原创)—I always get up early every morning because my home is ________ far from the school.
—In that case, you have to go to bed early every night.
A. quite B. almost C. even
19. (2020原创)Grammar is ________ to English learning. It can help you understand what you read and hear.
A. important B. useless C. difficult
20. (2020原创)—Who is your favorite writer
—Liu Cixin. A recent speech he gave in the United States ________ caught people’s attention.
A. completely B. freely C. exactly
21. (2020原创)I think it is a good idea for us to collect rainwater when it rains ________， and we can use it to water plants or flowers.
A. softly B. heavily C. quietly
22. (2020原创)Driving in the mountains is very dangerous. You can’t be ________ careful.
A. so B. very C. too
23. (2020原创)Betty likes reading very much. Whenever she gets some ________ time, she goes to the library and reads books there.
A. daily B. special C. spare
24. (2020原创)More clubs are set up in our school this term. We believe our school life will be more ________．
A. tiring B. interesting C. boring
25. (2020原创)—Now more and more people are paying attention to protecting the environment.
—So we ________ believe that there will be less pollution in the future.
A. wrongly B. hardly C. strongly
26. (2020原创)Li Bai is known as a poet in Tang Dynasty in China. And he wrote a lot of ________ poems which are quite popular among the young people now.
A. difficult B. lucky C. wonderful
27. (2020原创)It is said that a famous writer is going to make a speech in our lecture hall next week. All of us ________ it.
A. are excited about 　　　B. are curious about C. are strict about
28. (2020原创)—Everyone in our class passed the final exam successfully. Our teacher ________ all of us.
—Congratulations! I’m proud of you.
A. was grateful for 　　　 B. was satisfied with C. was angry with
29. (2020原创)Working in groups is ________ teachers and students nowadays. It can greatly improve the ability of students.
A. strict with　　　B. popular with C. known as
30. (2020原创)These ________ Chinese art forms try to show the things that are important in life, such as love, kindness and beauty.
A. traditional B. public C. famous
31. (2020原创)I’ve read this book several times, but I will read it ________ so as to get a better understanding.
A. bravely B. quickly C. carefully
32. (2020原创)I________ ate vegetables in the past. Now I eat them every day because they are good for my health.
A. sometimes B. often C. seldom
二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。方框中有两个词为多余项
　long　clear　polite　difficult　strange　much
quick　easy　final　confident　usual popular
33. (2019成都改编)Compared with newspaper or TV, the Internet offers people ________ information.
34. (2020原创)As is known to all of us, the Yangtze River is the ________ river in China and the third one in the world.
35. (2020原创)Don’t lose heart. You will ________ catch up with your classmates as long as you work hard.
36. (2020原创)The world is changing ________. We must learn much knowledge to keep up with the fast development.
37. (2020原创)Children should be educated to respect and help other people from their childhood, because it is much ________ for them to form good manners on treating others when they are young.
38. (2020原创) If you write your goals ________， you are able to make yourself get prepared and nearer to your goals.
39. (2020原创)There are ________ lots of strong winds in spring in the northern part of China.
40. (2020原创)It’s important for everyone to know how to ask for help ________. Especially when we travel in foreign countries.
41. (2020原创)If you listen to the teachers carefully in class and review what you have learned in time, you will be able to pass the exam with ________．
42. (2020原创)I am terribly sorry that I can’t tell you the way to the Central Hospital, because I am a ________ to this city.
参考答案
专题七　形容词和副词
1. A　2. A　3. B 　4. C　5. B　6. B　7. C　8. C
9. C 　10. B　11. A　12. C　13. A　14. B　15. C
16. A　17. C 　18. A　19. A　20. A 　21. B　22. C　
23. C　24. B　25. C　26. C　27. A　28. B　29. B
30. A　31. C　32. C　33. more　34. the longest
35. finally　36. quickly　37. easier　38. clearly
39. usually　40. politely　41. confidence　42. stranger
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