2022学年人教版九年级中考英语语法--情态动词课件（共有PPT28张）

(共28张PPT)
情态动词
九年级中考语法通关
情态动词
（1）有一定词义
（2 ）不能单独做谓语，一定要与动词原形一起构成谓语，即情态动词+V原
He may come to my party.
She can play the piano.
（3 ）可以表达“请求、建议、许可、劝告、命令、猜测”等功能。
（4 ）情态动词没有人称和数量上的变化。
(1) 情态动词有哪些？
can will shall may
could would should might
must have to ought to
need had btter
(3)情态动词形式
情态动词 否定式 简略形式
can 可以；能； 也许 can not can't
could 可以；能； 也许 could not couldn't
may 可能；可以 may not may not
might 可能；可以 might not mightn't
shall 将要；应该 shall not shan't
should 应该 should not shouldn't
will 将要； 可以 will not won't
would 将要； 可以 would not wouldn't
must 必须； 肯定
must not musn't
情态动词 否定式 简略形式
ought to 应该 ought not to oughtn’t to
need 需要 need not needn't
had better 最好 had better not had better not
(3)情态动词形式
情态动词
能力
请求
建议、劝告
猜测
许可
命令、必须
情态&实意
情态动词
用法详解
一、表示能力的情态动词
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能等）。
Can you lift this heavy box （体力）
Mary could speak three languages when she was a child.（知识）
Can you skate （技能）
（1）表示 “ 能够 ”，can 用于一般现在时，could 用于一般过去时；
（2） be able to也表示能力，表示做事的能力时可与can通用，
但be able to可用任何时态。
eg: Everyone is able to learn a new language.
eg: Mary was able to swim at the age of five.
eg: Tiny robots will be able to get into our body to kill the virus.
1. Can和Couldcan （could）在疑问句中可以用于第一、二人称，
表示征求对方意见或提出请求，表示委婉语气。
could 比 can 语气更加委婉客气，没有时间上的差别。
E.g. --- Could you lend me your pen ---Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./
E.g. --- Could I sit here ---Sorry, you can’t. / I’m afraid you can’t. / You had better not.
2. May
May表示请求，在口语中非常常见，一般用在第一人称。
---May I come in？ ---May I use your computer
---Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./ ---Sorry, you can’t.
3. Will和Would
两者都可以表示请求，would更委婉。 一般用于第二人称
---Will / Would you pass me the salt, please
---Would you please turn down the music a little bit
---OK/ All right. / Sure.
二、表示请求的情态动词
1. Shall 、should、would you like 、ought to 、had better
1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening
Let’s play some games. / Why don’t we just stay at home / We shall listen to some music.
Shall I get you some water
Yes, please. No, thanks.
Shall we go for a walk around the park
That’s a a good idea. OK, let’s go. Sounds great.
I’d love to but I have go home now. Sounds great but.....
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
三、表示建议、劝告的情态动词
1. Shall 、should、would you like 、ought to 、had better
2) should表义务或者建议，可用于各种句式，如：
Students should wear uniforms at school.
学生在学校应该穿校服。
Tom shouldn’t smoke any longer.
Tom不应该再吸烟了。
should do sth. / shouldn’t do sth.
三、表示建议、劝告的情态动词
1. Shall 、should、would you like 、ought to 、had better
3) would you like sth / would you like to do sth.表提议你想要什么吗？
Would you like some more coffee Yes, please. / NO, thank you.
你还想要续一些咖啡？ 好的， 请给我一些。 / 不了， 谢谢。
Would you like to do some reading in the library with us
你想和我们一起在图书馆看书吗？
Yes, I’d love to.
好的，我想去。
Yes, I’d love to , but I have a lot of homework to do.
我很想去，但我有很多作业做。
三、表示建议、劝告的情态动词
1. Shall 、should、would you like 、ought to 、had better
4）ought to
它和should两者用法非常接近，通常可以互换使用，只是ought to语气稍重。
Tom ought to get out of the house more.
Tom应该多出门走走。
You ought not to talk to your parents in this way.
你不应该用这种方式跟你的父母说话。
ought to do sth; ought not to do sth.
三、表示建议、劝告的情态动词
1. Shall 、should、would you like 、ought to 、had better
5) had better用于提出建议或请求时，并不是一个很客气委婉的表达，它暗示对方有义务去做某事，因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等，而不宜反过来用。
You had better study hard for your entrance exam.
你最好努力学习通过入学测试。
They had better not be late.
他们最好别迟到了。
had better do sth. ; had better not do sth.
三、表示建议、劝告的情态动词
（1）must 表示很有把握的推测，只用于肯定句，“ 肯定；必定 ”。
（2）could, may, might 表示把握不大的推测，用于肯定句，“ 可能；也许 ”。
（3）can ’ t 表示没有可能，用于否定句，“ 不可能 ”
① The photos must be Lu ’ s. Those are his parents. __________________
② The book may be his, but I ’ m not sure. ______________
③ The red bicycle can ’ t be Lucy ’ s. She has a blue bicycle. ______________
may be“可能是” VS maybe “可能”
may be 是谓语； maybe是状语
He may be tired after work.
Maybe he is tired after work.
He maybe is tired after work.
He is tired after work, maybe.
四、表示猜测的情态动词
肯定是
可能是
不可能是
四、表示猜测的情态动词
可能性小到大的排列顺序
肯定：might-- may-- could -- can-- must
否定：mightn’t -- may not-- couldn’t-- can’t
易错点：
mightn’t 和 may not 意思是“可能不”
She may not be happy if she sees you. 可能不开心
can’t 的意思是“不可能”
She can’t be happy if she sees you. 不可能开心
must 肯定是；但mustn’t不能表示猜测；can’t 不可能
She must be at home at this time.
She can’t be at home at this time.
四、表示猜测的情态动词
句型运用
1) 在肯定句中用 might， may， must， 不用can
2) 在疑问句中表示推测用 can，不用 might， may，must
3) 在否定句中用can’t（不可能）， 不用 may， must。
如：
　　She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。
　　Where can they be now 他们现在可能在哪儿？
　　That can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
1. can和could
We can borrow these books from library.
我们可以从图书馆借一些书。
I could read what I liked when I was a child.
我小时候爱看什么书，就看什么书。
2. may和might
You may sit here and wait for him.
你可以坐在这里等他。
He said the students might take the books home.
他说学生们可以带这些书回家。
五、表示许可的情态动词
1. may not; can’t ; mustn’t
You can’t sit here, these seats are for the old.
你不能坐这里，这些座位都是给老人坐的。
Tom may not play football for his third time to fail the exam.
Tom第三次考试不及格，他不能去踢球了。
Drivers mustn’t drive after drink beer or wine.
司机在喝酒之后不能驾驶。
mustn’t在语气中或者意思表达中，最为强硬。通常表示“禁止”做某事。
五、表示许可的情态动词
1. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。
2. have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如：
I know I ____________study hard.
我知道我必须努力学习。
My brother was very ill, so I _____________call the doctor in the mid-night.
我弟弟病得厉害， 我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I haven’t got any money with me, so I_____________ borrow some from my friend tomorrow.
我身上没带钱，只好明天向朋友借点了。
He said they_____________ work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。
六、表示必须、必要的情态动词
must
had to
will have to
must
七、情态动词&实意动词
1) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。
1．You needn’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
2) need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。
need to do sth; sth need doing= sth. need to be done
1. I need to practice speaking English.
2. He doesn’t need to answer it.
3. The classroom needs cleaning.
4. The classroom needs to be cleaned.
need 既可以做情态动词，也可以做实意动词。
七、情态动词&实意动词
请判断下列的need在句子中作为情态动词还是实义动词。
① They needn ’ t go to work that day. __________________
② They didn ’ t need to work that day._________________
③ Do you need any help _________________
④ I need to buy a pen._________________
翻译挑战
1. Camels ____________ _________water very often.
骆驼不需要经常喝水。
2. ____________ students _________ homework everyday
____________ students __________ ___________ do homework everyday
学生们需要每天做作业吗？
3. Need we feed the birds twice a day
Yes, _____________. No,_________________.
情态动词
实意动词
实意动词
needn’t drink
实意动词
Need do
Do need to
must needn’t
实战演练
实战演练
1. --- Is the long haired man Bruce
--- No, it ________ be him. He ’ s in New York now.
2. --- Do you have any plans for this Sunday
--- I ’ m not sure. I ______ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.
( ) 3. --- Finally, they came back.
--- They ____ be hungry after such a long walk.
A. can’t B. must C. needn’t D. might
can’t
might
B
实战演练
1. --- Mr. Wang, must I come again to clean the classroom on Sunday
--- No, you __________ . I have asked Kate to do it.
2. After you read the article “Why fast food is slowly killing you”, you __________ stop
eating fast food.
3. I __________ follow you. Would you please repeat it
4. --- __________ you leave now You only arrived here an hour ago.
--- Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me.
5. As the saying goes, the moon ________ always be full.
needn’t
may
can’t
Must
can’t
实战演练
( ) 1. To keep children safe, we ____ put the things like knives and medicine
away in our house. （2017 广东）
A. may B. should C. can D. might
( ) 2. --- Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, was now doing research on sea rice.
--- If farmers ____ start planting rice in salty water, China ’ s food supply will surely rise.
A. can B. can ’ t C. must D. mustn’t （2018 广东）
( ) 3. --- Mom, ____ I visit the art museum next Monday
--- I ’ m afraid you can ’ t. All museums in the city are closed on Monday.
A. would B. need C. should D. may （2016 广东）
( ) 4. Look! The traffic light has turned red. We ____ stop our car. （2015 广东）
A. can B. can ’ t C. must D. mustn ’ t
( ) 5. --- ____ you come with me to Lang Lang ’ s piano concert this evening
--- I ’ d love to, but I have to study for my math test. （2014 广东）
A. Should B. May C. Must D. Can
　　
B
A
D
C
D
( ) 6. --- Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann
--- It ____ be her. She is giving a performance at the theatre now.（2013 广东）
A. may B. must C. can ’ t D. mustn ’ t
( ) 7. --- Mr. Wang, must I come again on Sunday morning to clean the windows
--- No, you ____ . I have asked others to do it. （2009 广东）
A. don ’ t have to B. mustn ’ t C. can ’ t D. shouldn ’ t
( ) 8. People who drink wine ____ to drive after May Day. （2011 广东）
A. don ’ t allow B. isn ’ t allowed
C. mustn ’ t allow D. mustn ’ t be allowed
( ) 9. --- ____ I swim here
--- I’m sorry. Children ____ swim alone here. It’s very dangerous.（2012 广东）
A. Must; can’t B. May; must C. Can; mustn’t D. Can’t; can
( ) 10. --- May I watch TV, Dad
--- When your homework is finished, you ____ . （2018 安徽）
A. should B. can C. must D. need
C
A
D
C
B
Thank you!