2022年重庆中考英语语法复习之介词

2022年重庆中考英语语法复习之介词
介词的用法
介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。
简单介词： in, on, at等
介词种类 复合介词：outside,inside等
介词短语：because of, instead of等
分词介词：including等
This book is on the desk.
Let’s go outside to smell the flowers.
The sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain.
There are 50 teachers in our school, including 35 women teachers and 15 men teachers.
介词的详解
表时间的常用介词
in+世纪、年、季、月、周
on+具体日期/世纪、年、季、月、周
at+时间点/时刻
before+一段时间/时刻 在...之前
after+一段时间/时刻 在...之后
since+时间点 自从...
until+时间点 直到...(一般用于否定句)
注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。
next month，last Saturday，this morning，these years等
in the morning
on Tuesday morning, on a rainy night
at six，at midnight
He didn’t get up until 10 a．m.
He didn’t get before 10 o’clock.
He received her letter after four weeks.
He has kept playing computer game since 9:00.
表地点的介词
at 在较小的地点， at home/school
on 在平面上 on the desk
in 在大地点或者在...范围里 in China
to 在...之外，不接触 Japan lies to the east of China
off 在...之外，中间有一定距离 Japan lies to the east of China
across 在物体表面“穿过”The man walked across the street.
through 表示在三维空间内部“穿过” through the forest/ window.
over 直接的、垂直的上 over the river
under 直接的、垂直的下 under the bridge
above 不一定是垂直“在上” ，可以是抽象的 above my head
below 不一定是垂直“在下”，可以是抽象的below zero
表示方式、手段、工具的介词
by +doing/交通方式（中间不需要任何修饰语或者冠词）
with +工具/器械/人体器官/情绪、情感、态度的名词（中间可以加修饰语或者冠词）
in + 语言、材料、文字
He goes to school by bike/bicycle
He eats the meat with his hand.
We can talk with each other in English.
含义不像介词的介词
like 像
unlike 不像
with 伴随，随着，有，带有
without 没有
despite 虽然
介词的固定搭配
动词＋介词常见搭配
provide sb with sth= provide sth for sb为某人提供某物
lend sth to sb借东西给某人 borrow sth from sb向某人借东西
leave for离开一地去另一地 wait for等候，等待 laugh at嘲笑
prevent(stop，keep) sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
share ath with sb与某人分享 give up放弃 give away捐赠 give out分发
hand in 上交 look for寻找 begin with以……开始
belong to属于 depend on依靠，依赖 hear from收到……来信
learn from向……学习 look out向四下看，到处看
shout at大声叫喊，吼叫 think of考虑，关心 come out 出版
be+adj +介词常见搭配
be angry with对某人生气 be fit for适合 be famous for因...出名
be popular with受...欢迎 be proud of/take pride in为……自豪，
be satisfied with/by对……满意 be sure of/about确信 be fond of喜欢
be fit for适合 be busy with sth./in doing sth.忙着做某事，
be full of充满 be ready for准备 be similar to与……相似
be strict with 对...严格 be absent from缺席 be different from与...不同
名词＋介词常见搭配
the key to the question问题的答案
the way to...的路
the secret to... ...的秘密/秘诀
take pride in 为...感到骄傲
介词的例题讲解
单项选择
Her birthday is ________ winter, the most beautiful season in a year.
in 　　　　 B. at 　　　　　　　C. on
答案　A
解析　in后面跟年/月/季节等。故选A。
2. Could you please give me a hand I can’t complete the task on time ________ your help.
A. without B. under C. with D. for
答案　A
解析: 根据句意，没有你的帮助，我就不能按时完成任务。故选A。
3. He went to Shanghai　　　September 3,1991 and came back　　　a cold morning last year.
A.in；on　　　B.on；in　　　C.on；on　　　D.in；in
答案　C
解析: on后面跟具体时间/具体的早中晚。故选C。
4. 　　　 the money，she bought a new coat　　　her father.
　A.With；for　 B.With；to　　 C.For；with　 D.To；with
答案　A
解析: 根据句意以及固定搭配buy sth for sb。故选A。
5. I was very surprised　 　　seeing him there.
　A.to　　　B.in　　　C.at　　　D.by
答案　C
解析: 根据固定搭配be surprised at。故选c。
单句填空
the same time，they warm up again for the night.
答案　at
解析　at the same time意为“同时”，是一个固定的介词短语。故填at。
Don’t laugh me.I may look funny.
答案　at
解析　laugh at 意为“嘲笑”，是一个固定的介词短语。故填at。
Washing your hands often soap and water for at least 20 seconds can stop the virus from entering your body .
答案　with
解析　根据句意，用肥皂和水洗手。故填with。
Many of my friends met Wednesday in the early morning
答案　on
解析　on 后面跟具体某一天/具体的早中晚。故填on。
Two months later I got a call ______a newspaper telling me my simple act of kindness was reported.
答案　form
解析　根据句意，得到了一个来自报刊的一个电话。故填from。
课后练习
单项选择
—When____you have the English test —_____September 29th.
A．do；In B．are；On C．do；On
2. When I traveled in Thailand , I bought a ring . It __________ silver .
A. is made in B. is made by C. is made of D. is made from
3. Hot ice-cream scoop running on electricity is used ________ serving really cold ice-cream.
A. by B. as C. to D. for
4. With the rising popularity of Internet, great changes have ________ in small villages.
A. taken place B. taken up C. taken down D. taken away
5. Mr. Green was absent from today's meeting _______ his personal reason.
A．after B．in C．of D．for
6. --- Susan, your blouse feels soft. What’s it made ____
--- Silk. And it was made ____ China.
A. by; on B. of; for C. of, in D. in; from
单句填空
What will you say __ __ him /her
The Saint thought for a while and answered a smile.
Because of this, I can’t pay my attention ____ ____ anything and don’t even feel like talking to anyone.
it tells us that rice has the same value (价值) gold to the Chinese.
It’s said that those pictures or inscriptions on tortoise shells（甲骨文）are considered ________ the beginning forms of them.
6. He was able to tell people by the position of the sun， find his way out by the marks he made and protect himself 　 　 wild animals.