2022年重庆中考英语语法复习之现在完成时

2022年重庆中考英语语法复习之现在完成时
现在完成时的定义
表示动作从过去一直延续到现在，或者过去发生的动作对现在有影响
He has lived in Chongqing for thirty years .
Tom has spent all of the money.
现在完成时的形式
肯定式：主语+have/has+done+其他.
否定式：主语+have/has+not+done+其他.
一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语+done+其他
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have/has+主语+其他？
注意：already用于肯定句，，yet用于否定句和问句
They have already arrived at school.
The little boy hasn’t got the gift yet.
Have you ever been to China
What have you said during the lecture
现在完成时常见的时间状语
for+一段时间
since+时间点
since+句子（一般过去时）
in/ over the past +一段时间 在过去的一段时间里
so far=by now= until now到现在为止
次数
注意：1. 对for+一段时间或者since+时间点/句子提问，特殊疑问词用how long.
句子中用for+一段时间或者since+时间点/句子做时间状语，动词必须要有延续性.
It is/has been +一段时间+ since+句子（一般过去时）自从...已经多久了
---How long have you been in China, Lily
---since I was five years old.
He has been here for three hours.
The film has been on since ten minutes ago.
So far, Nancy has achieved her goals.
In the past thirty years, China has achieved a lot in science.
I have been to Chengdu three times.
It has been ten years since I graduated from high school.
现在完成时的考点
句式的转换
① 肯定句变否定句
She’s asked the question for a long time（改为否定句）
She__hasn’t__ __asked__ the question for a long time
② 肯定句变一般疑问句
She’s asked the question for a long time（改为一般疑问句）
_Has__ she __asked__ the question for a long time
时态的正确选择
解题步骤：
看句子中是否有明显的时间状语
无时间状语，观察前后句子的时态
看有无表明事态的特殊结构，比如说主将从现
have/has gone to, have/has been to, have/has been in的区别
have/has gone to 表示去了（未回来）
have/has been to 表示去过（已经回来）
have/has been in 表示待在某地（有延续性，可以和for或since的时间状语连用）
Mr.Wang has gone to Japan. He isn’t at home.他去日本了，没有在家。
I have been to Beijing.我去过北京
My friend has been in London for ten years.我朋友在伦敦十年了。
一般过去时和现在完成时的转换（常见瞬间动词和延续性动词的转换）
瞬间动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
come be here
join be in
leave be away
start/ begin be on
die be dead
The young man left his hometown nine years ago.
The young man has been away from his hometown since nine years ago.
现在完成时的例题讲解
--Why are you worried
---I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She ______ New York.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in
解析：答案选A。我担心我女儿，她去了纽约，是没有回来的，因此选A。
He ______ for ten years.
has been married B. married C. got married D. has married
解析：答案选A。根据时间状语for ten years,推断出动词必须要有延续性，因此答案选A。
3. --How long _____ you _____ this book
---For two weeks.
did; borrow B. have; borrowed C. have; kept
解析：答案选C。根据回答判断，动词具有延续性，因此答案选C。
4. ---______ has Mr . White been a member of Greener China
--- Since he _______ to China .
How soon; comes B. How often ; got C. How long ; came D. How far ; arrived
解析：答案选C。根据回答可知，特殊疑问词该选择How long,since后面的句子只能用一般过去时，因此答案选C。
5. -Julie's father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times.
A. went; had gone B. went; has been C. has gone; has been D. has been; had gone
解析：答案选B。第一个空白处后的时间状语是last month, 表明应该用一般过去时，第二个空白处的时间状语是three times, ，而且是去过，表明应该用现在完成时，因此答案选B。
课后练习
---How long _____ you _____ this book
---For two weeks.
A. did; borrow B. have; borrowed C. have; kept
2. So far , these foreign_________ eight Chinese songs .
A. learned B. had learned C. have learned D. learn
3. It ______ ten years since he left his hometown.
A. is B. was C. has D. will be
4. My brother _________ this book from the library for two days .
A. has bought B. has kept C. has borrowed D. has lent
5. My parents _______ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
6. I’m looking after Tom today. He’s been in my house _____8:00 this morning .
A. at B. for C. since D. still
7. The astronaut is tired that he _______ for eleven hours.
A. has been asleep B. has gone to bed C.has fallen asleep D. has gone to sleep
8. He _______ Fujian for three months.
A. has left B. has come to C. has been away from D.has gone to