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第十七讲 九年级上 Units 1-2
1.金的；金色的 golden
2.王冠；皇冠 crown
3.奥运会 Olympics
4.同意；应允 agreement
5.证实 confirmation
6.罐 pot
7.不能确定；对……无把握 doubt
8.真的；正宗的 real
9.真相；实情 truth
10.好像；似乎 seem
11.解决；处理 solve
12.装满；注满 fill
13.碗；盆 bowl
14.取代；替代 displace
15.(与不可数名词连用)较少的；更少的less
16.金属 metal
17.确定的；肯定的 certain
18.监狱；牢狱 prison
19.拳击(运动) boxing
20.赛马(运动)racing
21.摔跤运动 wrestling
22.(用手或器具)击；打 hit
23.勇敢的；无畏的 brave
24.标点符号 punctuation
25.准确无误的；正确的 correct
26.错误 mistake
27.聪明的人 mind
28.天文学家 astronomer
29.天才 genius
30.认为；觉得 consider
31.理解力；判断力 sense
32.幽默 humour
33.邀请 invitation
34.学说；论；说 theory
35.(综合性)大学 university
36.乐事；快事 pleasure
37.避免；避开 avoid
38.讲座；演讲 lecture
39.在今夜；在今晚 tonight
40.观众；听众 audience
41.信任；信赖 trust
42.座位 seat
43.鼓掌；喝彩 applause
44.苍白的 pale
45.成就；成绩 achievement
46.宇宙 universe
47.哲学家 philosopher
48.服从；遵守 obey
49.减少；缩小 reduce
50.精确地；准确地 exactly
51.(故事、戏剧等中的)情节 action
1. （对某人或事物）满意的 be happy with
2. 用……把……装满 fill…with…
3. 溢出 run over
4. 把……关进监狱 send… to prison
5. 确保；设法保证 make sure
6. 找出真相 find out the truth
7. 把……切成两半 cut…in half
8. 对……感到惊奇 be amazed at…
9. 考虑 think out
10.加起来；总计 add up
11.引导到 lead… onto
12.下降;下沉 go down
13. 幽默感 sense of humour
14. 使……失望 let… down
15. 单凭记忆；能背诵 by heart
16. 坐下 take a seat
17. 轻而易举 without difficulty
18. 参加；加入 join in
19. 丝毫不知道 have no idea
20. 倒霉；处于困境 be in trouble
21. 跟某人开玩笑;捉弄某人 play a joke on sb.
22. 转折点 turning point
23. 一系列 a series of
24. 主动做某事 offer to do sth.
考点1. mistake n. 错误
例句：I make mistakes in grammar. 我在语法上犯了错误。
练习：粗心的人经常犯错误。
Careless people often make mistakes.
知识点链接 例句
①by mistake 错误地 我错把你的雨伞拿走了。I took your umbrella by mistake.
②make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误 汤姆刚刚犯了一个错误。Tom made a mistake just now.
考点2. certain adj. 确定的；肯定的
例句：I’m certain that it’s not completely made of gold. 我敢肯定它不是完全用金子做的。(9A U1)
练习：毫无疑问，凯文拿走了我的英语书。
It’s certain that Kevin took my English book.
知识点链接 例句
①be certain of 对……有把握 特里确信自己会通过考试。Terry is certain of passing the exam.
②make certain 确定；弄清楚 You must make certain when the train leaves.你要弄清楚火车出发的具体时间。
③（近）sure adj.确信的；确定的 我确信你能做到。I’m sure that you can make it.
④（反）uncertain adj.不确定的 I’m uncertain whether they will accept the plan.我不确定他们是否会接受这个计划。
考点3. avoid v. 避免；避开
例句：I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight.
我希望今晚能避免演讲。(9A U2)
练习：病人应该避免吃油腻的食物。
Patients should avoid eating greasy food.
知识点链接 例句
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 Bruce listens carefully to avoid making mistakes.
反意疑问句
一、反意疑问句的基本用法与结构
反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即：陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式。如：
He likes English, doesn’t he
他喜欢英语，是吗
He doesn’t like English, does he
他不喜欢英语，是吗
【注意】
1. 反意疑问句的陈述部分用降调，疑问部分可升可降。当提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，疑问部分用降调，反之用升调。
2. 当反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom （很少）, nobody, nothing等否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定式；若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式。如：
She said nothing, did she 她什么也没说，是不是
It is impossible, isn’t it 那是不可能的，对吧
二、反意疑问句的主语问题
1. 基本原则：疑问部分的主语与陈述部分的主语应保持人称和数的一致，且要用代词，不能用名词。如：
误：Mary is a nurse, isn’t Mary
正：Mary is a nurse, isn’t she 玛丽是护士，对吗
2. 当陈述部分为there be句型时，疑问部分的主语仍用there。如：
There was nothing in the room, was there
房间里什么也没有，是吗
3. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，疑问部分的主语分别用it或they。如：
That is a new car, isn’t it 那是一辆新汽车，是吗
4. 当陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone)时，疑问部分的主语在正式文体中用he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用they。如：
Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they 每个人都在教室里，是吗？
5. 当陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，疑问部分的主语用it。如：
Everything is ready, isn’t it 一切都准备好了，对吗
三、陈述部分含有动词have的反意疑问句
1. 当have为助动词时，疑问部分沿用同样的助动词。如：
He has already left, hasn’t he 他已经离开了，是吗
2. 当have为实义动词时，要分两种情况：
（1）若表示“所有；拥有”，疑问部分可以用have，也可以用do。但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式，疑问部分用have还是用do，则取决于陈述部分的动词形式。如：
He has a lot of friends here, hasn’t / doesn’t he 他在这儿有许多朋友，是吗
He hasn’t any money, has he = He doesn’t have any money, does he 他没有钱，是吗
（2）若表示“吃”“玩”等意思，疑问部分要用do。如：
He has supper at 5, doesn’t he 他5点吃晚餐，是吗
3. 当用于have to时，通常也有两种情况：若表示经常性的行为，疑问部分则多用加助动词do的形式；若表示特定的行为，则多用have。如：
He often has to get up early, doesn’t he 他经常要早起，是吗
He has to go to bed late tonight, hasn’t he 他今晚要晚睡，是吗
四、含有情态动词的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词。如：
He can speak English, can’t he 他会说英语，是吗
2. 当陈述部分含有must时，要分两种情况：
（1）若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，则疑问部分用mustn’t或needn’t。但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止，疑问部分则要用must。如：
You must leave at once, mustn’t / needn’t you 你必须马上离开，是吗
You mustn’t laugh, must you 你不准笑，知道吗
（2）若must表示推测，则疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后面的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。如：
He must be tired, isn’t he 他一定累了，是吗
五、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则：若陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分通常用will you。如：
Please help us, will you 请帮帮我们，好吗
Don’t forget to post the letter, will you 别忘了寄信，好吗
2. 当祈使句为Let’s ... 时，疑问部分总是用shall we。如：
Let’s go there together, shall we 我们一起去，好吗
3. 当祈使句为Let us ... 时，疑问部分常用will you。如：
Let us know your address, will you 把你的地址告诉我们，好吗
六、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致。如：
He said that he didn’t like it, didn’t he 他说他不喜欢它，是不是
He knows where I live, doesn’t he 他知道我住在哪里，是不是
2. 当陈述部分为I think （believe, suppose） that ... 等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致（注意否定的转移）。如：
I think that it is too short, isn’t it 我认为它太短了，对不对
I don’t think he will come, will he 我认为他不会来，对吗
【注意】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情形。
七、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分为I’m ... 时，疑问部分通常用aren’t I。如：
I’m wrong, aren’t I 我错了，是吗
2. 当陈述部分为I wish ... 时，疑问部分通常用may I。如：
I wish to go with them, may I 我想同他们一起去，可以吗
3. 当陈述部分有had better时，疑问部分应用hadn’t开头。如：
He’d better leave here, hadn’t he 他最好离开这儿，是吗
八、反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，都要根据事实回答。如果事实是肯定的，就用yes；如果事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意的是，当陈述部分为否定结构、疑问部分用肯定式提问时，英语回答的yes或no与汉语意思正好相反，即：这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。如：
— He doesn’t like playing football, does he 他不喜欢踢足球，对不对？
— Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 不，他喜欢。/ 是的，他不喜欢。
【典例】（2020广东）
It is a lovely day, _________
A. isn’t it B. wasn’t it C. doesn’t it D. hasn’t it
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句的原则：陈述句部分如果有be动词，疑问句部分要重复这些词。因此本题选择A。
【考点突破】
1.He was not careful enough, _________
A. did he B. had he C. does he D. was he
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句的原则：陈述句部分如果有be动词，疑问句部分要重复这些词。因此本题选择D。
2. They can’t finish the work on time, _________
A. could they B. couldn’t they C. can they D. can’t they
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句“前肯后否”原则，本空要用肯定式，故排除C、D；又因为陈述句部分用了can，因此疑问部分也要使用can,故选C。
3. Don’t forget to lock the door, _________
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。当陈述部分为祈使句时,疑问部分一般用will you, 故本题选择C。
4. Let’s go swimming, ________
A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. can we
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。以let’s 开头的陈述部分,疑问部分要用shall we, 故选B项。
5. You have never visited France, _________
A. have you B. haven’t you C. did you D. didn’t you
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查反意疑问句。陈述部分有never否定意义的词时,疑问部分使用肯定形式，故排除B、D。而陈述部分使用现在完成时，因此选A。
动词不定式
动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。动词不定式与所修饰词之间的关系:
1. 主谓关系
被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。
We need some students to help with the work.
我们需要一些学生来帮忙完成这份工作。（students will help with the work）
2. 动宾关系
被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。若该不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上适当的介词 。
I have many documents to type . 我有很多文件要录入。
（to type many documents）
I’m looking for a room to live in . 我正在找房子住。
（to live in a room）
3. 同位关系
不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.
我们做了个学习雷锋的计划。
4. 状语关系
被修饰的名词表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。
I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那里。
二、动词不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语通常位于句首
To learn English is very important for everyone in modern society.
在现代社会，学习英语对每个人而言都很重要。
2. 用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式（短语）置于句末
常见句型有：
（1）It’s＋adj.（＋for sb.／sth.）＋to do sth.
（2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.
（3）It takes / took sb.＋some time＋to do sth.
It is necessary for children to have the habit of reading.
对孩子们而言，养成阅读习惯很有必要。
It is friendly of you to make me feel at home. 你真友好，让我感觉像在自己家一样。
It took us half an hour to drive to the countryside. 我们花了半小时开车到乡下。
三、动词不定式作表语
1. 表示目的
The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是发展儿童良好的品格。
2. 表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运等
They are to marry next week. 他们将在下周结婚。
3. 用于含有第一人称的疑问句，表示征求意见
What am I to do if I have no money 如果没有钱，我该怎么办呢？
4. 用于被动语态，相当于can / could / should / ought to / must，具有情态意义
He is to be rewarded .=He should be rewarded. 他应该受到奖励。（should）
These books are not to be sold . =These books ought not to be sold.
这些书不应该卖掉。（ought not to be）
5. 表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等
Children are not to smoke . 儿童不准吸烟。（表禁止）
【典例1】（2021深圳中考）
He was exploring how _____________ (spread) Chinese culture abroad by translatingChinesebeautyintoWesternbeauty.
【答案】to spread
【解析】根据句意，他正在探索如何把中国的美翻译成西方的美来传播中国文化。这里用疑问词+不定式结构来表示，how to do,怎样做某事。故答案为：to spread。
【典例2】（2021深圳一模）
Inaword, cryingatweddingsisaway _______(set) offforhappiness.
【答案】to set
【解析】根据 a way... （set） off for happiness,可知是指一种为幸福出发的方式。不定式作后置定语，故填to set.
【典例3】（2020深圳中考）
I would like ____________（buy） all of them．
【答案】to buy
【解析】根据 “I would like” would like to do固定短语，想要做某事．所以要用动词不定式来填空．故填to buy.
【考点突破】
1. He’s a nice person __________.
A. to work with B. working with C. worked D. works
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查不定式用法。动词不定式作定语，修饰名词person, 故选A。
2. It took them three days ________ the lost bag.
A. find B. finding C. found D. to find
【答案】D
【解析】句型it takes sb. time to do sth. 不定式作形式主语。故选D。
3. To learn to the teachers carefully in class ______ very important.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
【答案】A
【解析】不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故答案为A。
4. My sister’s wish is ________ a famous singer.
A. be B. to be C. become D. becomes
【答案】B
【解析】动词不定式作表语，解释主语。故选B。
5. We haven’t decided _______ our grandparents.
A. when we visit B. where to visit C. when to visit D. when visited
【答案】C
【解析】“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，相当于宾语从句。根据句意，故选择C。
一、按要求完成下列句子
1. On Sundays, he seldom stays in the house. （改为反意疑问句）
On Sundays, he seldom stays in the house, ______________ ______________
2. There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown.（改为反意疑问句）
There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown, ___________ ____________
3. Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water.（改为反意疑问句）
Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, ____________ ____________
4. Everybody has got the new books.（改为反意疑问句）
Everybody has got the new books, ______________ ______________
5. Kitty was very excited to open her birthday presents. （改为感叹句）
______________ ______________ Kitty was to open her birthday presents!
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It’s interesting ______________（play）with snow in winter.
2. It takes the boy two hours ______________（draw）every day.
3. I’m so hungry. Please give me something______________（eat）.
4. The only thing you can do is ______________（study）harder than before.
5. I have some questions _____________（ask you.
6. This is a good pen ______________（write）with. I like it.
7. The best time ______________（plant trees is in March.
8. Take it easy. I’ll do what I can ______________（help） you.
9. It is kind of you ______________（help）me.
10. There are many robots ______________ (work) in factories nowadays.
三、语法填空
A
Lu Xun is one of the 1. _________（great）Chinese writers of the 20th century.
2. ___________ his famous novels, he also wrote many influential articles 3. _______ the living conditions of Chinese people.
Born in 1881 to a 4. _____________ （wealth）family, Lu Xun had a happy
5. _________________ （child）. In 1893, however, his grandfather, a senior government official, was put into prison 6. _______ taking money. At the same time, his father 7. ___________ （become）seriously ill. 8. _______ that time on, his family were no longer 9. _______________ （accept）by their relatives and friends. These early experiences greatly influenced his 10. _____________ （write）.
B
Have you ever thought of studying abroad It has been very popular these years for Chinese young people 1. _______________ （study） abroad. But it can also be a difficult experience. You had better 2. ___________ （remember） the following things. When you are in a foreign country, the first thing 3. ___________（do） is to learn the language. Because practice makes perfect, you need to practise 4. ___________________（speak） their language a lot. 5. _____________ （not be） shy and you may improve your spoken language. Second, remember to be ten times more polite than 6. __________（usually）. People are likely to help you 7. _______ you are nice and polite.
I have a brother named Eddy. His dream is 8. __________（go） abroad. He plans to study art in France. My parents support him a lot. Eddy will set out for France next September to learn art in Paris. I’m worried 9. ____________ him. He has never left home. So I asked him to remember my advice and try his best to take care of 10. _______________.
四、单项选择
1. Is this beautiful ring really made _______ gold
A. of B. from C. for D. with
2. Miss Huang always asked us _________ the texts at home.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
3. If you want to win, you should run as fast as _________.
A. you could B. you will C. you can D. you must
4. As friends, we are ready to help each _________.
A. other B. others C. another D. the other
5. Miss White is happy _________ our project.
A. for B. in C. of D. with
6. --- What do you want to have for lunch
--- _________ beef and bread.
A. A little B. Little C. A few D. Few
7. Boys and girls, I have _________ for you today!
A. new something B. something new C. new anything D. anything new
8. As policemen, they are trying their best to _________ the guilty and protect the innocent.
A. work as B. put out C. find out D. pick up
9. Don’t forget to close the door when you leave, _________
A. will you B. don’t you C. do you D. won’t you
10. I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate. She’s from America, _______
A. has she B. does she C. hasn’t she D. isn’t she
11. Our Chinese teacher always asks us to learn all the poems _________.
A. by mind B. in heart C. by heart D. in mind
12. --- Nice to meet you. Please take _________ seat.
--- Thank you.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. Jason is smart and he can write an article in English _________ difficulty.
A. with B. without C. into D. outside
14. Bobby loves singing. He really wants to _________ the singing competition.
A. take part B. join C. join in D. take in
15. --- What are you looking at
--- The rainbow in the sky is so beautiful _________ I can’t take my eyes off it.
A. as B. when C. what D. that
16. how wonderful! There are _________ flowers around the princess’s bed.
A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundred of
17. At school we have rules _________ us safe.
A. to keep B. kept C. keep D. keeping
18. As we all know, _________ a job in big cities is not easy at all.
A. find B. found C. to find D. finds
19. --- What is your dream, Linda
--- My dream is _________ an English teacher.
A. to becoming B. became C. become D. to become
20. --- Do you know what he is talking about
--- _________ Nobody here is listening to him.
A. What a find day! B. I have no idea.
C. You’re welcome D. Have a good time.
五、根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。
1. Can you s__________ this problem, Andy .
2. At f__________, they didn’t believe us..
3. This math problem is d___________. I can’t work it out.
4. I w__________ where Sam is. Can you tell me
5. Please raise your hand if you know the c __________ answer.
6. May I have the p__________ answer. May I have the pleasure
7. Please learn this lesson by h__________ . We’ll have a test tomorrow.
8. My brother didn’t think she was honest, so he warned me not to t__________ her.
9. The professor will give us a l___________ next week.
10. Please take a s__________ and have a rest. The doctor will be here in a minute.
六、根据所给的汉语内容,用英语完成下列句子。
1. 请将杯子装满水。
Please __________ the glass __________water.
2. 她对这个结果感到高兴吗
Is she__________ __________the result
3. 一个月前,国王将他关进了监狱。
The king__________ him __________ __________ a month ago.
4. 请确保你出门的时候锁好了门。
Please __________ __________ you lock the door behind you when you go out.
5. 我有两个妹妹。 一个是十岁,另一个是十二岁。
I have two sisters. __________is ten and __________ __________is twelve.
6. 别担心,我不会让你失望的。
Don’t worry. I won’t __________ you __________.
7. 玛丽和贝蒂都是中学生。
__________ Mary __________ Betty are junior high school students.
8. 他很容易就通过了驾驶考试。
He passed his driving test __________ __________.
9. 我们去踢足球, 你来不来
We’re going to play football. Do you want to __________ __________
10. 你不知道她有多伤心。
You have __________ __________how sad she is.
11. 如果你不小心,你就会陷入麻烦中。
If you are not careful, you’ll be __________ __________.
12. 他过去经常捉弄汤姆。
He used to __________ __________ __________ __________Tom.
【答案】
一、
1. does he
2. won’t there
3. will you
4. hasn’t he
5. How excited
二、
1. to play
2. to draw
3. to eat
4. to study
5. to ask
6. to write
7. to plant
8. to help
9. to help
10. working
三、
A
1. greatest
2. Besides
3. about
4. wealthy
5. childhood
6. for
7. became
8. From
9. accepted
10. writing
B
1. to study
2. remember
3. to do
4. speaking
5. Don’t be
6. usual
7. if
8. to go
9. about
10. himself
四、1-5 ACCAD 6-10 ABCAD 11-15 CABCD 16-20 BACDB
五、
1. solve
2. first
3. difficult
4. wonder
5. correct
6. pleasure
7. heart
8. trust
9. lecture
10. seat
六、
1. fill with
2. happy with
3. sent, to/into prison
4. make sure
5. One, the other
6. let down
7. Both, and
8. with difficulty
9. join in
10. no idea
11. in trouble
12. play a joke on
重点单词
重点短语
语言考点梳理
语法精讲精练
目标导练
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第十七讲 九年级上 Units 1-2
1.金的；金色的_____________
2.王冠；皇冠 _____________
3.奥运会_____________
4.同意；应允 _____________
5.证实 _____________
6.罐 _____________
7.不能确定；对……无把握____________
8.真的；正宗的_____________
9.真相；实情 _____________
10.好像；似乎_____________
11.解决；处理 _____________
12.装满；注满_____________
13.碗；盆_____________
14.取代；替代 _____________
15.(与不可数名词连用)较少的；更少的_____________
16.金属_____________
17.确定的；肯定的 _____________
18.监狱；牢狱_____________
19.拳击(运动) _____________
20.赛马(运动) _____________
21.摔跤运动 _____________
22.(用手或器具)击；打 _____________
23.勇敢的；无畏的_____________
24.标点符号 _____________
25.准确无误的；正确的_____________
26.错误_____________
27.聪明的人_____________
28.天文学家 _____________
29.天才_____________
30.认为；觉得 _____________
31.理解力；判断力 _____________
32.幽默 _____________
33.邀请 _____________
34.学说；论；说 _____________
35.(综合性)大学_____________
36.乐事；快事_____________
37.避免；避开_____________
38.讲座；演讲_____________
39.在今夜；在今晚_____________
40.观众；听众 _____________
41.信任；信赖_____________
42.座位 _____________
43.鼓掌；喝彩_____________
44.苍白的_____________
45.成就；成绩_____________
46.宇宙_____________
47.哲学家_____________
48.服从；遵守 _____________
49.减少；缩小_____________
50.精确地；准确地 _____________
51.(故事、戏剧等中的)情节____________
1. （对某人或事物）满意的 ___________
2. 用……把……装满 _______________
3. 溢出 ______________
4. 把……关进监狱 _________________
5. 确保；设法保证 ______________
6. 找出真相 _____________
7. 把……切成两半 _________________
8. 对……感到惊奇 ________________
9. 考虑 ______________
10.加起来；总计 ______________
11.引导到 _______________________
12.下降;下沉 ______________
13. 幽默感 ____________________
14. 使……失望 _____________
15. 单凭记忆；能背诵 ______________
16. 坐下 _____________
17. 轻而易举 _____________________
18. 参加；加入 ______________
19. 丝毫不知道 ______________
20. 倒霉；处于困境 ________________
21. 跟某人开玩笑;捉弄某人 __________________________
22. 转折点 ______________
23. 一系列 ______________
24. 主动做某事 ___________________
考点1. mistake n. 错误
例句：I make mistakes in grammar. 我在语法上犯了错误。
练习：粗心的人经常犯错误。
Careless people often _______ ___________.
知识点链接 例句
①by mistake 错误地 我错把你的雨伞拿走了。I took your umbrella ___ ________.
②make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误 汤姆刚刚犯了一个错误。Tom _____ __ _________ just now.
考点2. certain adj. 确定的；肯定的
例句：I’m certain that it’s not completely made of gold. 我敢肯定它不是完全用金子做的。(9A U1)
练习：毫无疑问，凯文拿走了我的英语书。
It’s _______ that Kevin took my English book.
知识点链接 例句
①be certain of 对……有把握 特里确信自己会通过考试。Terry ___ _______ __ passing the exam.
②make certain 确定；弄清楚 You must make certain when the train leaves.你要_______火车出发的具体时间。
③（近）sure adj.确信的；确定的 我确信你能做到。_____ ______ that you can make it.
④（反）uncertain adj.不确定的 I’m uncertain whether they will accept the plan.我_______他们是否会接受这个计划。
考点3. avoid v. 避免；避开
例句：I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight.
我希望今晚能避免演讲。(9A U2)
练习：病人应该避免吃油腻的食物。
Patients should _____ _______ greasy food.
知识点链接 例句
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 Bruce listens carefully to _____ _______ mistakes.
反意疑问句
一、反意疑问句的基本用法与结构
反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即：陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式。如：
He likes English, doesn’t he
他喜欢英语，是吗
He doesn’t like English, does he
他不喜欢英语，是吗
【注意】
1. 反意疑问句的陈述部分用降调，疑问部分可升可降。当提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，疑问部分用降调，反之用升调。
2. 当反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom （很少）, nobody, nothing等否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定式；若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式。如：
She said nothing, did she 她什么也没说，是不是
It is impossible, isn’t it 那是不可能的，对吧
二、反意疑问句的主语问题
1. 基本原则：疑问部分的主语与陈述部分的主语应保持人称和数的一致，且要用代词，不能用名词。如：
误：Mary is a nurse, isn’t Mary
正：Mary is a nurse, isn’t she 玛丽是护士，对吗
2. 当陈述部分为there be句型时，疑问部分的主语仍用there。如：
There was nothing in the room, was there
房间里什么也没有，是吗
3. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，疑问部分的主语分别用it或they。如：
That is a new car, isn’t it 那是一辆新汽车，是吗
4. 当陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone)时，疑问部分的主语在正式文体中用he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用they。如：
Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they 每个人都在教室里，是吗？
5. 当陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，疑问部分的主语用it。如：
Everything is ready, isn’t it 一切都准备好了，对吗
三、陈述部分含有动词have的反意疑问句
1. 当have为助动词时，疑问部分沿用同样的助动词。如：
He has already left, hasn’t he 他已经离开了，是吗
2. 当have为实义动词时，要分两种情况：
（1）若表示“所有；拥有”，疑问部分可以用have，也可以用do。但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式，疑问部分用have还是用do，则取决于陈述部分的动词形式。如：
He has a lot of friends here, hasn’t / doesn’t he 他在这儿有许多朋友，是吗
He hasn’t any money, has he = He doesn’t have any money, does he 他没有钱，是吗
（2）若表示“吃”“玩”等意思，疑问部分要用do。如：
He has supper at 5, doesn’t he 他5点吃晚餐，是吗
3. 当用于have to时，通常也有两种情况：若表示经常性的行为，疑问部分则多用加助动词do的形式；若表示特定的行为，则多用have。如：
He often has to get up early, doesn’t he 他经常要早起，是吗
He has to go to bed late tonight, hasn’t he 他今晚要晚睡，是吗
四、含有情态动词的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词。如：
He can speak English, can’t he 他会说英语，是吗
2. 当陈述部分含有must时，要分两种情况：
（1）若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，则疑问部分用mustn’t或needn’t。但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止，疑问部分则要用must。如：
You must leave at once, mustn’t / needn’t you 你必须马上离开，是吗
You mustn’t laugh, must you 你不准笑，知道吗
（2）若must表示推测，则疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后面的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。如：
He must be tired, isn’t he 他一定累了，是吗
五、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则：若陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分通常用will you。如：
Please help us, will you 请帮帮我们，好吗
Don’t forget to post the letter, will you 别忘了寄信，好吗
2. 当祈使句为Let’s ... 时，疑问部分总是用shall we。如：
Let’s go there together, shall we 我们一起去，好吗
3. 当祈使句为Let us ... 时，疑问部分常用will you。如：
Let us know your address, will you 把你的地址告诉我们，好吗
六、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致。如：
He said that he didn’t like it, didn’t he 他说他不喜欢它，是不是
He knows where I live, doesn’t he 他知道我住在哪里，是不是
2. 当陈述部分为I think （believe, suppose） that ... 等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致（注意否定的转移）。如：
I think that it is too short, isn’t it 我认为它太短了，对不对
I don’t think he will come, will he 我认为他不会来，对吗
【注意】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情形。
七、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分为I’m ... 时，疑问部分通常用aren’t I。如：
I’m wrong, aren’t I 我错了，是吗
2. 当陈述部分为I wish ... 时，疑问部分通常用may I。如：
I wish to go with them, may I 我想同他们一起去，可以吗
3. 当陈述部分有had better时，疑问部分应用hadn’t开头。如：
He’d better leave here, hadn’t he 他最好离开这儿，是吗
八、反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，都要根据事实回答。如果事实是肯定的，就用yes；如果事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意的是，当陈述部分为否定结构、疑问部分用肯定式提问时，英语回答的yes或no与汉语意思正好相反，即：这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。如：
— He doesn’t like playing football, does he 他不喜欢踢足球，对不对？
— Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 不，他喜欢。/ 是的，他不喜欢。
【典例】（2020广东）
It is a lovely day, _________
A. isn’t it B. wasn’t it C. doesn’t it D. hasn’t it
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句的原则：陈述句部分如果有be动词，疑问句部分要重复这些词。因此本题选择A。
【考点突破】
1.He was not careful enough, _________
A. did he B. had he C. does he D. was he
2. They can’t finish the work on time, _________
A. could they B. couldn’t they C. can they D. can’t they
3. Don’t forget to lock the door, _________
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
4. Let’s go swimming, ________
A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. can we
5. You have never visited France, _________
A. have you B. haven’t you C. did you D. didn’t you
动词不定式
动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。动词不定式与所修饰词之间的关系:
1. 主谓关系
被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。
We need some students to help with the work.
我们需要一些学生来帮忙完成这份工作。（students will help with the work）
2. 动宾关系
被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。若该不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上适当的介词 。
I have many documents to type . 我有很多文件要录入。
（to type many documents）
I’m looking for a room to live in . 我正在找房子住。
（to live in a room）
3. 同位关系
不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.
我们做了个学习雷锋的计划。
4. 状语关系
被修饰的名词表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。
I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那里。
二、动词不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语通常位于句首
To learn English is very important for everyone in modern society.
在现代社会，学习英语对每个人而言都很重要。
2. 用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式（短语）置于句末
常见句型有：
（1）It’s＋adj.（＋for sb.／sth.）＋to do sth.
（2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.
（3）It takes / took sb.＋some time＋to do sth.
It is necessary for children to have the habit of reading.
对孩子们而言，养成阅读习惯很有必要。
It is friendly of you to make me feel at home. 你真友好，让我感觉像在自己家一样。
It took us half an hour to drive to the countryside. 我们花了半小时开车到乡下。
三、动词不定式作表语
1. 表示目的
The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是发展儿童良好的品格。
2. 表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运等
They are to marry next week. 他们将在下周结婚。
3. 用于含有第一人称的疑问句，表示征求意见
What am I to do if I have no money 如果没有钱，我该怎么办呢？
4. 用于被动语态，相当于can / could / should / ought to / must，具有情态意义
He is to be rewarded .=He should be rewarded. 他应该受到奖励。（should）
These books are not to be sold . =These books ought not to be sold.
这些书不应该卖掉。（ought not to be）
5. 表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等
Children are not to smoke . 儿童不准吸烟。（表禁止）
【典例1】（2021深圳中考）
He was exploring how _____________ (spread) Chinese culture abroad by translatingChinesebeautyintoWesternbeauty.
【答案】to spread
【解析】根据句意，他正在探索如何把中国的美翻译成西方的美来传播中国文化。这里用疑问词+不定式结构来表示，how to do,怎样做某事。故答案为：to spread。
【典例2】（2021深圳一模）
Inaword, cryingatweddingsisaway _______(set) offforhappiness.
【答案】to set
【解析】根据 a way... （set） off for happiness,可知是指一种为幸福出发的方式。不定式作后置定语，故填to set.
【典例3】（2020深圳中考）
I would like ____________（buy） all of them．
【答案】to buy
【解析】根据 “I would like” would like to do固定短语，想要做某事．所以要用动词不定式来填空．故填to buy.
【考点突破】
1. He’s a nice person __________.
A. to work with B. working with C. worked D. works
2. It took them three days ________ the lost bag.
A. find B. finding C. found D. to find
3. To learn to the teachers carefully in class ______ very important.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
4. My sister’s wish is ________ a famous singer.
A. be B. to be C. become D. becomes
5. We haven’t decided _______ our grandparents.
A. when we visit B. where to visit C. when to visit D. when visited
一、按要求完成下列句子
1. On Sundays, he seldom stays in the house. （改为反意疑问句）
On Sundays, he seldom stays in the house, ______________ ______________
2. There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown.（改为反意疑问句）
There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown, ___________ ____________
3. Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water.（改为反意疑问句）
Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, ____________ ____________
4. Everybody has got the new books.（改为反意疑问句）
Everybody has got the new books, ______________ ______________
5. Kitty was very excited to open her birthday presents. （改为感叹句）
______________ ______________ Kitty was to open her birthday presents!
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It’s interesting ______________（play）with snow in winter.
2. It takes the boy two hours ______________（draw）every day.
3. I’m so hungry. Please give me something______________（eat）.
4. The only thing you can do is ______________（study）harder than before.
5. I have some questions _____________（ask you.
6. This is a good pen ______________（write）with. I like it.
7. The best time ______________（plant trees is in March.
8. Take it easy. I’ll do what I can ______________（help） you.
9. It is kind of you ______________（help）me.
10. There are many robots ______________ (work) in factories nowadays.
三、语法填空
A
Lu Xun is one of the 1. _________（great）Chinese writers of the 20th century.
2. ___________ his famous novels, he also wrote many influential articles 3. _______ the living conditions of Chinese people.
Born in 1881 to a 4. _____________ （wealth）family, Lu Xun had a happy
5. _________________ （child）. In 1893, however, his grandfather, a senior government official, was put into prison 6. _______ taking money. At the same time, his father 7. ___________ （become）seriously ill. 8. _______ that time on, his family were no longer 9. _______________ （accept）by their relatives and friends. These early experiences greatly influenced his 10. _____________ （write）.
B
Have you ever thought of studying abroad It has been very popular these years for Chinese young people 1. _______________ （study） abroad. But it can also be a difficult experience. You had better 2. ___________ （remember） the following things. When you are in a foreign country, the first thing 3. ___________（do） is to learn the language. Because practice makes perfect, you need to practise 4. ___________________（speak） their language a lot. 5. _____________ （not be） shy and you may improve your spoken language. Second, remember to be ten times more polite than 6. __________（usually）. People are likely to help you 7. _______ you are nice and polite.
I have a brother named Eddy. His dream is 8. __________（go） abroad. He plans to study art in France. My parents support him a lot. Eddy will set out for France next September to learn art in Paris. I’m worried 9. ____________ him. He has never left home. So I asked him to remember my advice and try his best to take care of 10. _______________.
四、单项选择
1. Is this beautiful ring really made _______ gold
A. of B. from C. for D. with
2. Miss Huang always asked us _________ the texts at home.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
3. If you want to win, you should run as fast as _________.
A. you could B. you will C. you can D. you must
4. As friends, we are ready to help each _________.
A. other B. others C. another D. the other
5. Miss White is happy _________ our project.
A. for B. in C. of D. with
6. --- What do you want to have for lunch
--- _________ beef and bread.
A. A little B. Little C. A few D. Few
7. Boys and girls, I have _________ for you today!
A. new something B. something new C. new anything D. anything new
8. As policemen, they are trying their best to _________ the guilty and protect the innocent.
A. work as B. put out C. find out D. pick up
9. Don’t forget to close the door when you leave, _________
A. will you B. don’t you C. do you D. won’t you
10. I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate. She’s from America, _______
A. has she B. does she C. hasn’t she D. isn’t she
11. Our Chinese teacher always asks us to learn all the poems _________.
A. by mind B. in heart C. by heart D. in mind
12. --- Nice to meet you. Please take _________ seat.
--- Thank you.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. Jason is smart and he can write an article in English _________ difficulty.
A. with B. without C. into D. outside
14. Bobby loves singing. He really wants to _________ the singing competition.
A. take part B. join C. join in D. take in
15. --- What are you looking at
--- The rainbow in the sky is so beautiful _________ I can’t take my eyes off it.
A. as B. when C. what D. that
16. how wonderful! There are _________ flowers around the princess’s bed.
A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundred of
17. At school we have rules _________ us safe.
A. to keep B. kept C. keep D. keeping
18. As we all know, _________ a job in big cities is not easy at all.
A. find B. found C. to find D. finds
19. --- What is your dream, Linda
--- My dream is _________ an English teacher.
A. to becoming B. became C. become D. to become
20. --- Do you know what he is talking about
--- _________ Nobody here is listening to him.
A. What a find day! B. I have no idea.
C. You’re welcome D. Have a good time.
五、根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。
1. Can you s__________ this problem, Andy .
2. At f__________, they didn’t believe us..
3. This math problem is d___________. I can’t work it out.
4. I w__________ where Sam is. Can you tell me
5. Please raise your hand if you know the c __________ answer.
6. May I have the p__________ answer. May I have the pleasure
7. Please learn this lesson by h__________ . We’ll have a test tomorrow.
8. My brother didn’t think she was honest, so he warned me not to t__________ her.
9. The professor will give us a l___________ next week.
10. Please take a s__________ and have a rest. The doctor will be here in a minute.
六、根据所给的汉语内容,用英语完成下列句子。
1. 请将杯子装满水。
Please __________ the glass __________water.
2. 她对这个结果感到高兴吗
Is she__________ __________the result
3. 一个月前,国王将他关进了监狱。
The king__________ him __________ __________ a month ago.
4. 请确保你出门的时候锁好了门。
Please __________ __________ you lock the door behind you when you go out.
5. 我有两个妹妹。 一个是十岁,另一个是十二岁。
I have two sisters. __________is ten and __________ __________is twelve.
6. 别担心,我不会让你失望的。
Don’t worry. I won’t __________ you __________.
7. 玛丽和贝蒂都是中学生。
__________ Mary __________ Betty are junior high school students.
8. 他很容易就通过了驾驶考试。
He passed his driving test __________ __________.
9. 我们去踢足球, 你来不来
We’re going to play football. Do you want to __________ __________
10. 你不知道她有多伤心。
You have __________ __________how sad she is.
11. 如果你不小心,你就会陷入麻烦中。
If you are not careful, you’ll be __________ __________.
12. 他过去经常捉弄汤姆。
He used to __________ __________ __________ __________Tom.
重点单词
重点短语
语言考点梳理
语法精讲精练
目标导练
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中考一轮复习
牛津版（深圳广州）
第十七讲 九年级上Units 1--2
1.金的；金色的 ____________
2.王冠；皇冠 ____________
3.奥运会 ____________
4.同意；应允____________
5.证实 ____________
6.罐 ____________
crown
Olympics
agreement
confirmation
pot
golden
重点单词
7.不能确定；对……无把握____________
8.真的；正宗的 ____________
9.真相；实情 ____________
10.好像；似乎 ____________
11.解决；处理 ____________
12.装满；注满 ____________
13.碗；盆____________
doubt
real
truth
seem
solve
fill
bowl
14.取代；替代 ____________
15.(与不可数名词连用)较少的；更少的____________
16.金属 ____________
17.确定的；肯定的 ____________
18.监狱；牢狱 ____________
19.拳击(运动) ____________
20.赛马(运动) ____________
displace
less
metal
certain
prison
boxing
racing
21.摔跤运动 ____________
22.(用手或器具)击；打 ____________
23.勇敢的；无畏的____________
24.标点符号 ____________
25.准确无误的；正确的 ____________
26.错误____________
27.聪明的人____________
wrestling
hit
brave
punctuation
correct
mistake
mind
28.天文学家 ____________
29.天才 ____________
30.认为；觉得 ____________
31.理解力；判断力 ____________
32.幽默 ____________
33.邀请 ____________
34.学说；论；说 ____________
astronomer
genius
consider
sense
humour
invitation
theory
35.(综合性)大学 ____________
36.乐事；快事 ____________
37.避免；避开 ____________
38.讲座；演讲____________
39.在今夜；在今晚____________
40.观众；听众 ____________
41.信任；信赖 ____________
university
pleasure
avoid
lecture
tonight
audience
trust
42.座位 ____________
43.鼓掌；喝彩 ____________
44.苍白的 ____________
45.成就；成绩 ____________
46.宇宙 ____________
47.哲学家 ____________
48.服从；遵守____________
seat
applause
pale
achievement
universe
philosopher
obey
49.减少；缩小 ____________
50.精确地；准确地 ____________
51.(故事、戏剧等中的)情节____________
reduce
exactly
action
1. （对某人或事物）满意的 ___________________
2. 用……把……装满 __________________________
3. 溢出 ______________
4. 把……关进监狱 _________________________
5. 确保；设法保证 ______________
6. 找出真相 _____________________________
（be） happy with
fill ... with ...
run over
send ... to prison
make sure
find out the truth
重点短语
7. 把……切成两半 ___________________________
8. 对……感到惊奇 _________________________
9. 考虑 ______________
10.加起来；总计 ______________
11.引导到 _______________________
12.下降;下沉 ______________
cut ... in half
（be） amazed at …
think about
add up
lead ... onto
go down
13. 幽默感 ____________________
14. 使……失望 _____________
15. 单凭记忆；能背诵 ______________
16. 坐下 _____________
17. 轻而易举 __________________________
18. 参加；加入 ______________
sense of humour
let ... down
by heart
take a seat
without difficulty
join in
19. 丝毫不知道 ______________
20. 倒霉；处于困境 _______________________
21. 跟某人开玩笑;捉弄某人 ___________________
22. 转折点 ______________
23. 一系列 ______________
24. 主动做某事 _____________________
have no idea
（be） in trouble
play a joke on sb.
turning point
a series of
offer to do sth.
考点1. mistake n. 错误
例句：I make mistakes in grammar.
我在语法上犯了错误。
练习：粗心的人经常犯错误。
Careless people often _______ ___________.
make mistakes
语言考点梳理
知识点链接 例句
①by mistake 错误地 我错把你的雨伞拿走了。
I took your umbrella ___ ________.
②make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误 汤姆刚刚犯了一个错误。
Tom _____ __ _________ just now.
by mistake
made a mistake
考点2. certain adj. 确定的；肯定的
例句：I’m certain that it’s not completely made of gold. 我敢肯定它不是完全用金子做的。(9A U1)
练习：毫无疑问，凯文拿走了我的英语书。
It’s _______ that Kevin took my English book.
certain
知识点链接 例句
①be certain of 对……有把握 特里确信自己会通过考试。
Terry ___ _______ __ passing the exam.
②make certain 确定；弄清楚 You must make certain when the train leaves.
你要_______火车出发的具体时间。
is certain of
弄清楚
知识点链接 例句
③（近）sure adj. 确信的；确定的 我确信你能做到。
_____ ______ that you can make it.
④（反）uncertain adj. 不确定的 I’m uncertain whether they will accept the plan.
我_______他们是否会接受这个计划。
I’m sure
不确定
考点3. avoid v. 避免；避开
例句：I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight.
我希望今晚能避免演讲。(9A U2)
练习：病人应该避免吃油腻的食物。
Patients should _____ _______ greasy food.
avoid eating
知识点链接 例句
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 Bruce listens carefully to _____ _______ mistakes.
making
avoid
反意疑问句
一、反意疑问句的基本用法与结构
反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即：陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式。如：
语法精讲精练
He likes English, doesn’t he 他喜欢英语，是吗
He doesn’t like English, does he 他不喜欢英语，是吗
【注意】1. 反意疑问句的陈述部分用降调，疑问部分可升可降。当提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，疑问部分用降调，反之用升调。
2. 当反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom （很少）, nobody, nothing等否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定式；若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式。如：
She said nothing, did she 她什么也没说，是不是
It is impossible, isn’t it 那是不可能的，对吧
二、反意疑问句的主语问题
1. 基本原则：疑问部分的主语与陈述部分的主语应保持人称和数的一致，且要用代词，不能用名词。如：
误：Mary is a nurse, isn’t Mary
正：Mary is a nurse, isn’t she 玛丽是护士，对吗
2. 当陈述部分为there be句型时，疑问部分的主语仍用there。如：
There was nothing in the room, was there
房间里什么也没有，是吗
3. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，疑问部分的主语分别用it或they。如：
That is a new car, isn’t it 那是一辆新汽车，是吗
4. 当陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone)时，疑问部分的主语在正式文体中用he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用they。如：
Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they
每个人都在教室里，是吗？
5. 当陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，疑问部分的主语用it。如：
Everything is ready, isn’t it 一切都准备好了，对吗
三、陈述部分含有动词have的反意疑问句
1. 当have为助动词时，疑问部分沿用同样的助动词。
He has already left, hasn’t he 他已经离开了，是吗
2. 当have为实义动词时，要分两种情况：
(1) 若表示“吃”“玩”等意思，疑问部分要用do。
He has supper at 5, doesn’t he 他5点吃晚餐，是吗
(2) 若表示“所有；拥有”，疑问部分可以用have，也可以用do。但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式，疑问部分用have还是用do，则取决于陈述部分的动词形式。如：
He has a lot of friends here, hasn’t / doesn’t he
他在这儿有许多朋友，是吗
He hasn’t any money, has he = He doesn’t have any money, does he 他没有钱，是吗
3. 当用于have to时，通常也有两种情况：若表示经常性的行为，疑问部分则多用加助动词do的形式；若表示特定的行为，则多用have。如：
He often has to get up early, doesn’t he
他经常要早起，是吗
He has to go to bed late tonight, hasn’t he
他今晚要晚睡，是吗
四、含有情态动词的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词。
He can speak English, can’t he
他会说英语，是吗
2. 当陈述部分含有must时，要分两种情况：
(1) 若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，则疑问部分用mustn’t或needn’t。但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止，疑问部分则要用must。如：
You must leave at once, mustn’t / needn’t you
你必须马上离开，是吗
You mustn’t laugh, must you 你不准笑，知道吗
(2) 若must表示推测，则疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后面的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。如：
He must be tired, isn’t he 他一定累了，是吗
五、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则：若陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分通常用will you。
Please help us, will you 请帮帮我们，好吗
Don’t forget to post the letter, will you
别忘了寄信，好吗
2. 当祈使句为Let’s ... 时，疑问部分总是用shall we。
Let’s go there together, shall we 我们一起去，好吗
3. 当祈使句为Let us ... 时，疑问部分常用will you。
Let us know your address, will you
把你的地址告诉我们，好吗
六、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致。
He said that he didn’t like it, didn’t he
他说他不喜欢它，是不是
He knows where I live, doesn’t he
他知道我住在哪里，是不是
2. 当陈述部分为I think （believe, suppose） that ... 等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致（注意否定的转移）。
I think that it is too short, isn’t it
我认为它太短了，对不对
I don’t think he will come, will he
我认为他不会来，对吗
【注意】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情形。
七、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分为I’m ... 时，疑问部分通常用aren’t I。
I’m wrong, aren’t I 我错了，是吗
2. 当陈述部分为I wish ... 时，疑问部分通常用may I。
I wish to go with them, may I
我想同他们一起去，可以吗
3. 当陈述部分有had better时，疑问部分应用hadn’t开头。
He’d better leave here, hadn’t he
他最好离开这儿，是吗
八、反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，都要根据事实回答。如果事实是肯定的，就用yes；如果事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意的是，当陈述部分为否定结构、疑问部分用肯定式提问时，英语回答的yes或no与汉语意思正好相反，即：这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
—He doesn’t like playing football, does he
他不喜欢踢足球，对不对？
—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
不，他喜欢。/ 是的，他不喜欢。
【典例】（ 2020广东）
It is a lovely day, _________
A. isn’t it B.wasn’t it
C.doesn’t it D. hasn’t it
A
反意疑问句：前肯后否；时态保持一致
1.He was not careful enough, _________
A. did he B. had he
C. does he D. was he
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句的原则：陈述句部分如果有be动词，疑问句部分要重复这些词。因此本题选择D。
【考点突破】
D
2. They can’t finish the work on time, _________
A. could they B. couldn’t they
C. can they D. can’t they
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句“前肯后否”原则，本空要用肯定式，故排除C、D；又因为陈述句部分用了can，因此疑问部分也要使用can,故选C。
C
3. Don’t forget to lock the door, _________
A. do you B. don’t you
C. will you D. won’t you
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。当陈述部分为祈使句时,疑问部分一般用will you, 故本题选择C。
C
4. Let’s go swimming, ________
A. will you B. shall we
C. won’t you D. can we
【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。以let’s 开头的陈述部分,疑问部分要用shall we, 故选B项。
B
5. You have never visited France, _________
A. have you B. haven’t you
C. did you D. didn’t you
【解析】此题考查反意疑问句。陈述部分有never否定意义的词时,疑问部分使用肯定形式，故排除B、D。而陈述部分使用现在完成时，因此选A。
A
动词不定式
动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。动词不定式与所修饰词之间的关系:
1. 主谓关系
被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。
We need some students to help with the work.我们需要一些学生来帮忙完成这份工作。(students will help with the work)
2. 动宾关系
被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。
若该不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上适当的介词 。
I have many documents to type . 我有很多文件要录入。
(to type many documents)
I’m looking for a room to live in . 我正在找房子住。
(to live in a room)
3. 同位关系
不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.
我们做了个学习雷锋的计划。
4. 状语关系
被修饰的名词表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。
I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那里。
二、动词不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语通常位于句首
To learn English is very important for everyone in modern society. 在现代社会，学习英语对每个人而言都很重要。
2. 用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式（短语）置于句末
常见句型有：
（1）It’s＋adj.（＋for sb.／sth.）＋to do sth.
（2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.
（3）It takes / took sb.＋some time＋to do sth.
It is necessary for children to have the habit of reading. 对孩子们而言，养成阅读习惯很有必要。
It is friendly of you to make me feel at home.
你真友好，让我感觉像在自己家一样。
It took us half an hour to drive to the countryside.
我们花了半小时开车到乡下。
三、动词不定式作表语
1. 表示目的
The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 教育的目的是发展儿童良好的品格。
2. 表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运等
They are to marry next week. 他们将在下周结婚。
3. 用于含有第一人称的疑问句，表示征求意见
What am I to do if I have no money
如果没有钱，我该怎么办呢？
4. 用于被动语态，相当于can / could / should / ought to / must，具有情态意义
He is to be rewarded. = He should be rewarded. 他应该受到奖励。(should)
These books are not to be sold. = These books ought not to be sold. 这些书不应该卖掉。(ought not to be)
5. 表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等
Children are not to smoke. 儿童不准吸烟。(表禁止)
【典例1】（2021深圳中考）
He was exploring how __________(spread) Chinese culture abroad by translating Chinese beauty into Western beauty.
to spread
疑问词+不定式结构
【典例2】（2021深圳一模）
In a word, crying at weddings is a way _______(set) off for happiness.
to set
不定式作后置定语修饰a way
【典例3】（2020深圳中考）
I would like ____________（buy） all of them．
to buy
would like to do固定短语
【考点突破】
1. He’s a nice person __________.
A. to work with B. working with
C. worked D. works
【解析】本题考查不定式用法。动词不定式作定语，修饰名词person, 故选A。
A
2. It took them three days ________ the lost bag.
A. find B. finding C. found D. to find
【解析】句型it takes sb. time to do sth. 不定式作形式主语。故选D。
D
3. To learn to the teachers carefully in class ______ very important.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
【解析】不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故答案为A。
A
4. My sister’s wish is ________ a famous singer.
A. be B. to be C. become D. becomes
【解析】动词不定式作表语，解释主语。故选B。
C
5. We haven’t decided _______ our grandparents.
A. when we visit B. where to visit
C. when to visit D. when visited
【解析】“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，相当于宾语从句。根据句意，故选择C。
C
谢谢
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