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中考语法专题
“不定代词”专题
不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人,某些事物或数量。
不定代词指代的是模糊的、不明确的对象或数量。
不定代词主要在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
不定代词
不定代词
普通不定代词
复合不定词
some-,any- ,no- every-等的合成代词
some ,any, each, every, both, all, other ,
either, neither, another, none, 等
考向2.1 普通不定代词
中考考点 ·
复习内容
重点突破
1.常见的普通不定代词
some, any a few, a little
few, little other, another
many, much either, neither none
each, every both, all
答题技巧
解答普通不定代词的辨析类试题时,首先要分析语境及找出句中的关键词,并明确代词所指代的对象:
(1)指代人还是指代物;
(2)指代可数名词还是不可数名词;
(3)特指还是泛指;
(4)所指代的概念表示两者还是三者或三者以上;
(5)肯定概念还是否定概念。
因此复习过程中掌握不定代词的基本用法和审题是非常重要。
中考回放
(2020·云南32题)—What would you like, ice cream or apple juice
—___. One for my sister and the other for myself.
A.Neither B . All
C. None D. Both
D
考题例析
—I like the two dresses, but I can only afford __________ of them.
—I suggest you take the white one.
A.all B.both
C.neither D.either
【方法点拨】第1步:由四个选项all“(三个或三个以上)全; 都”、both“两者都”、neither“两者都不”、either“两者中任何一个”可知此题考查不定代词辨析。第2步:由语境“I like the two dresses”和“I suggest you take the white one.”可知,我只买得起两件中的任意一件,因此可确定正确答案为D。
v
挑战中考
中考回放
Which city would you like to live in, Beijing or Shanghai
—____. I'd like to choose Kunming.
A.Either B.Both
C.Neither D.None
C
常见的普通不定代词的区别
⑴ some与any
相同点 均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量、数目
不同点
some
any
1.用于肯定句中;如:I have some frinds.
2.用于表建议或请求的疑问句中(祈使句);仍然用some 代替any.常用于could\ would\may\开头或what about\how about 开头的句中;如:Would you like —— coffee
1.用于疑问句、否定句中;
如 There aren’t _______ books on the desk .
2.用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个/一些)”
如 :He is taller than—— other boy in his class.
some
any
any
常见的普通不定代词的区别
⑵ both, either与neither
相同点 均用于两个人或物
不定代词 区别 作主语时谓语动词的数 固定搭配 例句
不同点
both
“两者都”
复数
both ...and...
和... 都...
Both you and he will go to Dali.
either
“两者中的任意一个”
单数
either...or...
要么...要么...
或者… 或者…谓语--- 就近原则
Either of us is a student.
Either you or she is wrong.
neither
“两者中没有一个”(全否定)
单数
neither...nor...
既不...也不..
谓语---就近原则
.
Neither he nor she goes to school.
⑶ all, any与none
相同点 均用于三个或三个以上的人或物
不定代词 区别 作主语时谓语动词的数 固定
搭配
例句
不同点
all
any
none
三个或三个以上都;反义词为none
复数
all of..
All of the students_____ very busy preparing for the exam .
三个或三个以上的任意一个, 这时用在肯定句中
单数
any of...
He is taller than_____other
student in his class.
Any of the three topics___ OK.
三个或三个以上都不(全否定,相当于not any)
单数或复数
none of...
None of us____ pollution.
None of them have bikes.
are
any
is
likes
no one用来指人,不能接of短语,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
注意
none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式; 代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。eg.
None of the information ____correct.这些信息不正确。
None of the doctors ______afraid of difficulties.医生们都不怕困难。
is
are (is)
不定代词的区别
⑷ many与much
相同点 均表示“很多; 许多”,
可在句中作主语宾语,定语
修饰 例句
不同点 many
许多
可数名词复数 There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the south.
much
许多
不可数名词 I’m thirsty now. I need to drink much water.
each
相同点
⑸ each与every
1、指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,强调个体.
如:Each child in the class passed the examination.班上所有的学生考试都及格了。
2.可以与of连用,(each of + 复数名词 /人称代词,作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。)
如:Each of the students _____got a new pen.
Each of them _____a new dictionary.
3、不可以与not连用
都表示“每一个”,each和every+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
has
has
every
相同点
⑸ each与every
1、指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的一个,强调整体
如:everyone of my fingers.
我的每个手指。
2、在句中只能作定语,而不能与of直接连用
如:Miss.Li knows every student in her class.
3、可与not连用构成部分否定
如:Not every student likes this book.
并非每个学生都喜欢这本书。
4、“every+other+名词”表示“每隔......”
如:every other day
每隔一天
5、“every+数词+名词”表示 “每......”
如:every three years
每三年
都表示“每一个”,each和every+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
⑹little, a little, few与a few
a little, little, few, a few都可以修饰名词,
这四个词的区别如下:
肯定意义 否定意义 所跟名词
a few
几个,一些,
few几乎没有
可数名词复数
a little一点
little几乎没有
不可数名词
a little
little
few
a few
不可数名词
表肯定
表否定
可数名词复数
如:①There are_______ differences between the two.
这二者之间有一些差异。
②There is______ wine left in the bottle.瓶子里还剩一点酒。
③He has _______ friends because he is a selfish person. 他几乎没有朋友因为他太自私了。
④There is_______ wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没酒了。
⑤The more careful you are , the____mistakes you will make.
A. little B.less C. few D. fewer
⑥There will be more tress and the___ pollution in the future .
A. little B.less C. few D. fewer
a few
a little
few
little
不定代词 区别
区别
固定搭配 例子
⑺ 辨析other、the other、others、the others 与another
other
别的(可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词)
1.常用作定语
2.other+复数名词=others
3.any other+单数名词
任何另外的一个
无
如:1.She never talks to _____students.
她从不跟其他学生讲话
2.China is lager than ________country in Asia.中国比亚洲任何一个国家都大。
the other
特指两个中的另一个
1.the other+复数名词=the others
one...the other...
一个...另一个
如:I have two uncles. One is a teacher and ________is a doctor. 我有两个叔叔.一个是老师,另一个医生。
others
别的,其余的(人或物)
除去一部分后的另一些,但并非全体
some...others...
一些....另一些
如:Our classsmates, some like English, ________like Chinese.
the others
其余的全部
除去一部分后剩下的全部
one..the others
一个是....其余的全部....
如:There are five students in the classroom . One is a girl , ________are boys.
another
“另一个,又一个”
泛指三者及三者以上中的另一个,
①another + 单数名词
② another + 数字+可数名词复数
= 数字+ more + 可数名词复数
如:① The apples are delicious .Can I have_________
② We need another two hours to finish it = We need _____________ _to finish it .
other
any other
the other
others
the others
another
two more hours
活学巧练
1.—What would you like to drink, black coffee or orange juice
—____. Please give me a cup of tea.
A.Both B.All
C.None D.Neither
2.—When shall we meet again next time
—____ day is all right.
A.Any B.None
C.Either D.Neither
D
A
3.—Lucy, did your parents go to see the film Hi ,Mom (《你好,李焕英》)yesterday
—No. We ____ stayed at home and watched TV.
A.both B.all
C.either D.none
4.Mrs.Li has three children, but ____ of them lives with her. They live in other cities.
A.none B.some
C.many D.all
B
A
5.—Tina, what do your parents do
—____ of them are English teachers.
A.All B.Either
C.Each D.Both
6.--Which of the two T-shirts would you like to choose
--Both .Then I can give one to my brother and leave to myself .
A.another B.the other
C.other D.other
D
Summary
1.常见的普通不定代词
some, any few, little
a few, a little other, another
many, much either, neither none, one
each, every both, all
中考语法专题突破
“不定代词”专题
考点2.复合不定代词
什么是复合不定代词?
复合不定代词
some-,any- ,no- every-加上-one ,-body ,-thing ,-where , 等所组成的不定代词.复合不定词具有名词性质,在句中作主语、宾语、表语.
重点突破
some- any- no- every-
--body
--one
--thing
1.常见的复合不定代词的用法(1)
somebody
(某人\有人)
someone(某人)
something(某事)
anybody
(任何人)
anyone
(任何人)
anything
(任何事)
nobody
(没有人)
no one
(没有人)
nothing
(没有东西)
everybody
(每人)
everyone
(每人)
everything
(每件事、一切)
注意: ① 以some-和any- 开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和 any的用法相同
②somebody/anybody/nobody/everybody指人,其中的“body”可以的改改为“one”
③以no-- 开头的词本身表示否定意义,不能与not连用;not…anybody/anything
=nobody/nothing(全部否定)。
1. 以some-和any- 开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和
any的用法一样
2.somebody/anybody/nobody/everybody指人,其中的“body”
可以的改为“one”
3.以no-- 开头的词本身表示否定意义,不能与not连用,
not…anybody/anything =nobody/nothing(全部否定)。
4.anybody/anything用于否定句或疑问句中,也可用于肯定句中,指“任何人/事”。
如:———— can work out that simple math problem.
无论谁都会算那道简单的数学题。
5.not…everybody/everything 指“并非所有的人/事” (部分否定)。
如—————————— enjoys watching the TV show.
并不是所有的人都喜欢这个电视节目.
注意
Anybody
Not everybody
复合不定代词的用法(2)
用法 例句
1、复合不定代词作主语时,
如:Everything ____good when new , but friends when old .
东西是新的好,朋友是老的好。
2、形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,
如:①Is there anything ______in today’s newspaper 今天的报纸上有什么新鲜事吗?
②Give me five minutes please .I have something______ to say.请给我五分钟,我还有话要说。
3、动词不定式修饰复合不定代词时,动词不定式放在不定代词之后。
如--Would you like something_________
--OK. Please. 你想要点喝的东西吗?
4. ①当主语是人的复合不定代词(如everybody/anybody/nobody...)时, 反意疑问句主语用 they
②当主语是物的复合不定代词时,
反意疑问句的主语用 it 。
如①Everybody is here , aren”t _______ ?
活学巧练
is
new
else
to drink
they
it
谓语动词 用单数
放在复合不定代词后面。(“复合不定代词+形容词 else”)
如②Nothing is left , is
没有东西留下,是吗?
/
复合不定代词的常用句型
1、There is something wrong with...“...出问题了”
如:______________________________my watch, so I don’t know the time.
我的手表出问题了,所以我不知道时间。
2、...has something/nothing to do with...“......与......有关/无关”
如:This question ___________________ pollution.
这个问题与污染无关。
3、sb. can do nothing but...“某人什么都不能做,只能...”
如:___________________ wait.
我们什么也不能做,只能等待。
There is something wrong with
has nothing to do with
We can do nothing but
考题例析
例1 The most beautiful thing about learning is that____can take it away from you. 学习的美丽之处在于没有人能把它拿走.
A. anybody B. somebody
C. everybody D. nobody
【方法点拨】第1步:由四个选项anybody “任何人”、somebody“某人; 有人”、everybody“人人; 每人”、nobody“没有人”可知此题考查复合不定代词辨析; 第2步:理解句意可知,是没有人能从你那里拿走它,因此可确定正确答案为D。
走进中考
v
例2 Learning is a lifelong journey because it brings______every day.
A.new something B. something new
C.anything new D.new anything
考题例析
【方法点拨】第1步:由四个选项可知是考查形容词修饰不定代词时的位置,以及不定代词something和anything的用法辨析; 第2步:由形容词修饰不定代词时、位于不定代词之后可排除A、D项; 第3步:辨析something“某事/某物”,常用于肯定句中,anything“任何事/物”,常用于疑问句或否定句,由语境可知此句是肯定句,因此确定正确答案为B。
走进中考
挑战中考
1. —Jack, how was your summer vacation
—Just so-so, I decided to go ____ for my next vacation.
A.something wonderful B.wonderful something
C.somewhere wonderful D.wonderful somewhere
2. It's sunny outside. Why not go out and have a look
—There is ____ here. I just want to have a rest.
A.nothing special B.something new
C.everything amazing D.anything similar
v
挑战中考
1--Do you love your parents
--Yes ,of course . _____in my life is more important than them.
A.Something , B. Anything ,
C. Everything , D. Nothing
Summary
复合不定代词的用法
复合不定代词的常用句型
HOMEWORK
考点专练
1.完成【面对面】
Page125-126 现学现用
考考你
不定代词
不定代词
普通不定代词
复合不定词
some-,any- ,no- every-等的合成代词
some ,any, each, every, both, all, other ,
either, neither, another, none, 等
Summary
________is impossible if you put your heart in it.
世上无难事,只怕有心人。
Nothing
活学巧练
1.—Wow, so many new buildings! But it used to be a poor village.
—Yes, ____ has changed in our hometown.
A.nothing B.nobody
C.everything D.everybody
2.—___ called you when you out.
—Who was it Is it Annie
A.Nobody B.Everybody
C.Anybody D.Somebody
HOMEWORK
考考你
活学巧练
3. Is there ____ in today's China Daily
A.something important B.anything important
C.important something D.important anything
4.—Doctor, what's wrong with me
—____ serious. You have just got a cold.
A.Something B.Nothing
C.Everything D.Anything
活学巧练
小试牛刀
1、—— Which of the two skirts will you buy
——I’ll buy______of them, so I can give one to my friend.
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
2、——Which shall I call you, in the morning or at night
——______. I will be free all day.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
3、——How many students are there in the classroom
——______. They are all on the playground.
A. Some B. None C. All D. Neither
4、The bank is on ______side of the street. You should go across the street first.
A. another B. the other C. other D. Others
5、——Does Jim still in America
——Sorry, I don’t know. I have ______information about him because we haven’t seen each other for______years.
A.a little; a few B.little; a few C.a few; alittle D.few; a little
D
C
B
B
B