2022年中考英语复习之构词法课件21张

(共21张PPT)
专题十五 词汇运用
中考英语语法专题
本专题内容适用于7--9年级学生
本专题一般共需6课时
第一课时 构词法（一）
一、转化法
二、合成法
三、巩固练习
一、转化法
英语构词法中把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法，
1.动词转化为名词 I think we‘d better finish the talk now.
He is a man of strong build.
Let's have a look first.
stop vt. 停止 --- n.车站
love vt. 爱 --- n. 爱
watch vt. 观看 --- n. 手表
record vt. 录音 --- n. 纪录
comb vt. 梳理(头发) --- n. 梳子
abuse vt. 辱骂 --- n. 辱骂
2.名词转化为动词
Have you booked the ticket
Hand in your papers please.
She nursed her husband back to health.
We breakfasted together.
seat n. 座位 --- vt. 坐 oil n. 油 --- vt. 上油
time n. 时间 --- vt. 定时，测时 shoulder n. 肩膀 --- vt. 肩负
mine n. 矿山 --- vt. 开矿 barbecue n. 烧烤---vt. 在烤架上烤
ship n. 船 --- vt. 用船装运 finance n. 金融--- vt. 为……提供资金
stain n. 污点,污迹 --- vt. 玷污，污染draft n. 草稿 --- vt. 起草
head n. 头 --- v. 前进 transport n. 运输 --- vt. 运输
3.形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
4.副词转化为动词
Murder will out.恶事终必将败露。
5.形容词转化为名词
The girl in black appears very beautiful.
We don't belong to the rich, but we don't belong to the poor either
形容词 --- 名词
freezing adj. 冰冻的 --- n. 冰点
solid adj. 固体的,坚实的--- n. 固体
数词 --- 动词
second num. 第二 --- v. 赞成 --- n. 秒
副词 --- 动词
down adv. 向下 --- v. 放下
副词 --- 名词
nowhere adv. 任何地方都不 --- n. 无处，无名的地方
Quiz 即学即练
用所给词正确形式填空
There used to be a bus here. (stop)
They to have a rest after a long walking. (stop)
You can some on the Internet. (book)
Two witches two at the same time yesterday.(watch)
He reached out his and me some paper and a pen.(hand)
A will melt at high temperature though it is very . (solid)
stop
stopped
book
books
watched
watches
hand
handed
solid
solid
二、合成法 :
有两个或更多的词合成一个词。
class + room = classroom
班级 + 房间 = 教室
warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的
good + looking = good-looking 好看的
1. 复合名词的主要构成方式
(1)名词+名词
blood-test验血 half-moon半月(形)
silkworm蚕 bedroom卧室 airport机场
(2)形容词+名词
double-dealer两面派 shorthand速记 greenhouse温室
(3)V-ing+名词
reading-room阅览室
meeting-room会议室 swimming-pool游泳池
(4)动词+名词
break-water 防洪 pickpocket 扒手
(5)名词+V-ing
handwriting 书法 sun-bathing 日光浴
(6)动词+副词
get-together 联欢会 breakthrough 突破
(7)副词+动词
downfall垮台 outbreak爆发
2. 复合形容词的主要构成方式
(1) 形容词 + 名词 +ed
cold-blooded冷血的;kind- hearted 心肠好的
(2)形容词+名词
high-class高级的
(3)形容词+V-ing
good-looking好看的;
easy-going随便的;
fine-sounding动听的
(4)形容词+过去分词
new-born新生的 ready-made现成的
(5)形容词+形容词
dark-blue深蓝色的 light-green浅绿色
(6)名词+ V-ing
life-saving救生的 ocean-going远洋的
(7)名词+过去分词
hand-made手工制的 ice-covered冰雪覆盖的
　　
(8)名词+形容词
nationwide全国性的
ice-cold冰冷的
(9)数词+名词+ed
one-eyed独眼的
two-faced双面的
(10)数词+名词 +形容词
five-year-old 五岁大的
two- meter-tall 两米高的
3. 复合动词的主要构成方式
(1)名词+动词
sleep-walk梦游
(2)副词+动词
overcome克服 undergo经历
overthrow推翻 understand明白
(3)形容词+动词
white-wash粉刷 blacklist列入黑名单
4. 复合代词的主要构成方式
代词宾格或物主代词 + self (selves)
herself 她自己
themselves 他们自己
ourselves我们自己
(2) 某些不定代词some(any，no，every) + body (one， thing)
everyone; everybody;
everything;
anyone; any-body;
anything; nothing; something
一、 将方框中的单词组合形成新的单词并写出词义
with, side, in, thing, out, self, ever, every, what, where, body, any, her, one, my, for，no, to
;
;
;
;
二、根据汉语意思用合成词填单词
1. Many (人造的) satellite are sent to space every year.
2. The (警察) is so (勤奋) that his dream comes
true finally.
3. (没有人) can live (没有) air or water.
4. I think she is really a (热心肠的) girl though she is
not (出名)。
5.Do you know that snakes are (冷血的) animal
man-made
policeman
hardworking
Nobody
without
warmhearted
well-known
cold-blooded
6. It was my honor to have a (面对面的) interview
last (周末).
7. Canada is mainly an （说英语的）country.
8. Do you believe that she is a (13岁的) girl？
9. My teacher asked me to write a （600字的）passage
in English.
10. His (女朋友) is not only (好看) but
also clever.
face-to-face
weekend
English-speaking
13-year-old
600-word
girlfriend
good-looking
课时总结
方式 例词
形容词＋形容词 red-hot
形容词＋名词 first-class, full-time, part-time
形容词＋现在分词 good-looking, free-thinking,
形容词＋过去分词 ready-made
形容词＋名词-ed good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded
名词＋名词-ed iron-willed
名词＋形容词 world-famous, day-long
名词＋现在分词 beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, time-saving
名词＋过去分词 man-made, water-covered,
副词＋形容词 ever-green
副词＋现在分词 hard-working, far-seeing
副词＋过去分词 well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known
数词＋名词 five-year
数词＋名词+形容词 five-year-old
数词＋名词-ed four-legged, six-storied
合成形容词
1.转化法一般词形不变，词性变化，用法相应变化
2.合成法将两个或两个以上词构成新词。
构成方式 例词
名词＋动词 day-dream
副词＋动词 overcome, upturn
形容词＋动词 white-wash
合成动词
构成方式 例词
名词＋名词 horseback , bank-note, newspaper
形容词＋名词 back-yard, forehead,
动名词＋名词 hiding place, reading-room
动词＋副词 get-off, break in,
副词＋动词 overflow
合成名词
合成副词
however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever
合成代词
whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, nothing
Thank you for listening