2022年中考英语复习课件：定语从句14张

(共14张PPT)
专题：定语从句
一.定义。
1. 定语：由形容词充当，放在名词前用于修饰名词。
Eg. a beautiful girl a smart boy
2. 定语从句：由一个句子来修饰某个名词或代词，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后的从句叫做定语从句。
（注意：翻译的时候要把从句翻译在所修饰的名词或代词之前）
Eg. She is a girl who is beautiful.
The boy who wears red T-shirt is my brother.
二.构成：先行词+关系词+句子。
1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，既可指人也可指物。
The boy who comes from America speaks English very well.
2. 关系代词：
（1）定义：用来引导定语从句的词，紧跟在先行词之后，从句之前。
先
关
句子
（2）分类：
关系代词：that,which,who,what,whose
关系副词： when，where，why
（3）作用：
A.关系代词指代先行词，并且含有先行词的意思。
B.关系代词在句中充当一定成分
关系代词：主语，宾语，定语
关系副词：时间，地点，原因状语
（2）当先行词指物时，关系词：
做主语：which/that
做宾语：which/that(可省略）
3.根据先行词来选择关系代词
(1)当先行词指人时，关系词：
做主语：用who/that
做宾语：用whom/that/who
C.用来连接先行词与从句。
先行词 作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 who/that whom/that/who whose
指物 which/that which/that whose
由上表可知：
1.不管先行词指人还是指物，作主语或宾语都用that.
2.关系代词在句中作宾语时，不管是人还是物均可省略关系代词。
如何判断关系代词在句中充当何种成分：看关系词后单词的词性。
1.若关系词后是动词，则做主语。
2.若关系词后是主格，则做宾语。
3.若关系代词后是名词，则要进一步判断所属关系。
无所属关系---关系词作宾语
有所属关系--- 关系词作定语
注意：判断名词与关系词是否是所属关系的方法：翻译为先行词’s+名词
若成立---有所属关系
若不成立 --- 无所属关系
She is a singer ______ song is popular.
She is a singer ____________ people are interested in.
He is the boy_____________ I write to.
This is a book ___________ I bought yesterday.
This is a desk _______ legs is broken.
whose
who/whom/that
who/whom/that
which/that
whose
1.The woman _________ is singing is my mother.
2.I like the music ________ I can dance too.
3. This is a boy _________ broke the window.
4. Nobody likes people _________ talk too much.
5. This is a computer ___________ I bought.
6. This is a girl __________ mother is a teacher.
7.Do you know the girl _______ picture draws well.
8. Do you know the girl _______ songs are popular.
9. Do you know the girl _____________teacher talks to.
10.Do you know the girl _________ is wearing dress.
that/which
who/that
who/that
who/that
that/which
whose
whose
whose
who/that/whom
Who/that
5.关系副词的判断方法
(1)当先行词是时间状语，从句不缺主语和宾语的情况下，用关系副词when。
(2)当先行词是地点状语，从句不缺主语和宾语的情况下，用关系副词where。
注意：
1.判断句中缺主语的方法：找到句中的动词，看动词前有无名词或代词，若有---不缺主语，用when/where，若无--缺主语，用which/that。
2.判断句中缺不缺宾语的方法：找句中的动词，进一步判断动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。
若是不及物动词----不加宾语---用when/where/why
若是及物动词----后有sb./sth.说明不缺宾语--用when/where/why
---后无sb./sth.说明缺少宾语– 此时用which/that
5.This is a place ______ I used to live.
6.This is a place __________ I used to live in.
7.Home is a place _______ we can get warmth.
8. This is an office _______ I can work in the past.
9.This is a factory ___________ produces paper.
10. This is a place __________ we can easily get to.
where
1.I will never forget the time _____ I worked at the farm.
2. I still remember the day _____ I first met her.
3.Do you remember the day _____ our school had sports meeting.
4.Do you remember the day ________ we spent in the school.
which/that
when
when
when
which/that
where
where
which/that
which/that
6.定语从句谓语的选择。
关系代词指代先行词，因此关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的动词取决于先行词。
I know the girl who ______(come) from China.
I know the girls who _______(come )from China.
comes
come
7.定语从句的特殊情况。
(1)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain _____I have seen.
that
(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。
The first thing ______my brother is doing to do this afternoon is homework..
that
(3)当先行词既包括人又包括物时，只能用that。
I will talk about the people and the things _____ I could remember.
that
(4)当先行词被the only(唯一）, the very（正好）, the last（最后）, the same（相同的）修饰时，只能用that。
The white flower is the only one ______ I really like.
This the very book ______ I want to read.
that
(5)当先行词被 all, few, little, no, just修饰时，只能用that。
Here are all the books _____ I have.
that
All ____ you have to do is to practice.
There isn’t much ______ I can do for you.
Is there anything ______ you want to buy in the shop
that
that
(6)当先行词是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything, all, few, little, much, none时，只能用that。
that
that
8.当关系代词作介词的宾语，并且介词提前时,
若先行词指人，只用whom
若先行词指物，只用which
The house _________ Luxun once lived in is Luxun’s museum now.
The house in _______ Luxun once lived is Lunxun’s Museum now.
The girl _________ I talk to is from America.
The girl to _______ I talk is from America.
The woman with _______ I talk is my mother.
that/which
which
whom/that
whom
whom
(8)当先行词是that时，只能用which。
What’s that _____ flew in the sky.
which
(9)引导非限制性定语从句（主语和从句之间用逗号隔开），只能用which。
The novel, ______I have read three times is The old man and the sea.
which
(11)当先行词是主格，只能用who。
(10)当先行词是不定代词somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, no one, one, those, all时，只能用who。
Those _____ break the low will be punished.
who
He _____ doesn’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.
who
Thanks！