2022年英语中考复习之动词和动词短语课件44张

(共44张PPT)
语法专题六
动词和动词短语
教学目标:
1.掌握动词的分类
2.掌握实义动词的用法
3.掌握动词短语
动词和
动词短语
实义动词
及物动词
助动词
系动词：
be,seem,sound,turn,become 等+表语
情态动词：
be
can,may,must等
动词辨析
+宾语
+双宾语
+复合宾语
动词词义辨析
动词短语辨析
+doing
+done
have/has/had
+done
+been doing
do/does/did
will,shall,would,should
不及物动词
考点一 动词
一、根据在句中的功能，动词可以分为以下四类∶
1.实义动词
定义：能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词数量很多，如 study，lean，enjoy， eat， wash，cut 等。
eg:She studies English every day.
她每天学英语。
2.助动词
定义：助动词木身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。它必须和主要动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有 be，have，do，will和 shall等
eg:I don’t want to go there today.
我今天不想去那里。
3.系动词
定义：本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，需和表语一起构成系表结构。常见的系动词有 be，become（变得），get（成为，变得），look（看上去），seem（似乎，好像），turn（变得），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸配来），keep（保持）等
eg:He is stong.
他很强壮。
eg:It sounds great!
那听起来很棒!
4.情态动词
在句子中通常用来表示"能力""允许""必要""禁止""意愿""可能"等情感或态度的动词。这类动词词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，大多无人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need，have to,be able to,had better,will,stould,would 等
eg:I can swim.
我会游泳。
注意∶有些词是兼类词。如∶
He has gone to New York.
他已去了纽约。（has 是助动词）
He is having a meeting.
他正在开会。（have 是实义动词）
二、实义动词的分类
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词和不及物动词
（1）及物动词
定义：后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。
特点：不能单独使用，后面必须跟宾语
用法： ①主语+及物动词+宾语
②主语 +及物动词+宾语+宾补
③主语 +及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
eg:He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。
eg:We call him Bill.我们叫他比尔。
eg:May I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗
（2）不及物动词
定义：后面后面 不能跟宾语，意思才已完整。
特点：可以单独使用，后面可以加介词或副词组成动词短语，相当于一个及物动词。
用法： ①主语+不及物动词
②主语 +不及物动词+介词+宾语
③主语 +不及物动词+副词+宾语
eg:The man cooks.
男人做饭。
eg:He arrived in Beijing yesterday .
他昨天到达北京。
eg:He took away the book.
他拿走了这本书。
2.延续性动词和非延续性动词
（1）延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如∶ live，stay，study，work，keep， teach 等。
We have lived in China since 2001.
自从 2001 年以来，我们一直住在中国。
You can keep the book for two weeks.
你可以借用这本书两周。
（2）非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生便立即结束，如∶buy，lend，borrow，die，begin，stop，finish， arrive，join，go，comc，catch 等。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。
He arrived here five days ago.
他五天前到这儿的。
He has been here for five days.
他已经到这儿五天了。（这里不能用 has arived）
三、常见的动词词义辨析
三个“到达” get get to+地点名词
reach 及物动词，后面可直接跟地点名词
arrive in+大地点（名词）
at+小地点（名词）
三个“借” borrow 非延续性动词，表示主语"借入"，常
用搭配 borrow sth.from sb.
lend 非延续性动词，表示主语"借出"，常
用搭配lend sth to sb.
keep 延续性动词，表示"长时间地借"
三个“穿” dress dress sb.给某人穿衣服;dress sb.up装 扮某人
put on 穿上、戴上，表示动作
wear 穿着、戴着，表示状态
四个“看” see 看见，表示结果
look 看，表示动作，是不及物动词，后面需
加介词才能跟宾语
watch 观看（比赛、电视）
read 看（书、报），表示阅读
四个“拿” bring 带来、拿来，指从别处带到说话处
take 拿去、带走，指从说话处带到别处
carry 提、拿、搬，多指用力移动，没有方向
fetch 去取、去拿，表示动作往返的过程
四个“说” speak 作及物动词时后常接表示语言的名词
say 常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且表示说的内容
talk 是不及物动词，常跟介词 to 或 with，意为
"同……谈活"，也表示具有说话的能力
tell 意为"告诉"，与story连用，意为"讲故事"
四个“花费” spend 人作主语，表示花费时间或金钱，后接
on sth.或（in ）doing sth.
cost 物作主语，表示"某物花费多少钱"
take 可用于固定句型，表示花费一段时间做某事，其结构为∶It+takes/took+一段 时间+to do sth.
pay 多与介词 for 连用
两个“找” look for 强调寻找的过程
find 强调找的结果
两个“听” listen to 提listen为不及物动词，与to 组成固定搭配，强调听的动作
hear 强调听的结果
四个有关“输、赢” lose 意为"输"，常用搭配为 lose to sb.
fail 意为"失败"或"未做成某事"
beat 意为"打败"，后接sb.或某支队伍
win 意为"赢得"，如∶赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等
三个“参加” join 一般指加人"党派"或"组织"，如参军、入党等
take part in 指参加聚会或活动
attend 一般指出席会议
四个“变化” turn 一般用于颜色的变化
get 天变黑、变长或变短
become 天气变暖或变冷等，表示渐变
grow 形状变大或变小
考点二 动词短语
一、由两个或两个以上的词（以动词为中心）在一起构成的短语就是
动词短语。常见的动词短语有如下几种形式∶
动词+介词 laugh at 嘲笑 worry about 担忧 agree with 赞成
ask for 请求 talk about 谈论 wait for 等待
动词+副词 pick up 捡起 grow up 长大
look out 当心 stay up 熬夜
动词+名词 make progress 取得进步 make faces 做鬼脸
动词+名词+介词 make friends with…和……交朋友
give one's life to..献身于……
动词+副词+介词 stay away from 远离 get along with进展;相处
动词+介词+名词 go to bed上床睡觉 go to school去上学
二、常见的动词短语
take 短语 take up 占据
take away带走;解除，消除（感情、痛苦等）
take off 起飞;脱掉
take down 写下;记下
take out 拿出来
take place 发生
take care of 照顾
take part in 参加
make 短语 make a decision 做出决定
make a mistake 犯错
make a living 谋生
make up 组成;构成
turn 短语 turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn up 调高;开大
turn down 调低;关小
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是
give 短语 give up 放弃
give in 屈服;让步
give away 捐赠
give out 散发;分发
give off 发出（光、热等）
get 短语 get to 到达
get up 起床;起来
get over 克服
get on 进展
get off离开
get together 相聚
get ready for....为……做准备
keep 短语 keep out 留在外面
keep off 使……不接近;回避某话题
keep up with 熟悉，了解(消息、形势等)
keep away from 远离
keep in touch 保持联系
keep healthy 保持健康
put 短语 put up 搭建;张贴
put on 穿上;上演
put off 推迟
put out 熄灭
put away把……收起来
put down写下;记下
put up with 容忍
look 短语 look at 看
look for 寻找
look after 照顾
look up 查阅
look through 浏览
look around 环顾
come 短语 come on 加油;快点
come out 出现;出版
come over 短暂造访
come along 出现
go 短语 go on 继续
go back 回到
go away 走开;离开
go by（时间）流逝
go over 仔细检查
go off 爆炸
三个（ be） used to be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事，此时 to 是介词，后用v.-ing形式
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
题组训练 单项选择
①Bob is taking the desks away because they____too much room.
A.stand up B.pick up C.take up D.listen up
②—Are we going to have a sports meeting on Friday Li Ping
—No, it'll be____till next week because of the bad weather.
A.put out B.put on C.put away D.put off
③—Mum,where are my socks
—Under your bed.You should_____your things.
A.put on B.put down C.put away D.put up
④I used to quarrel a lot with my parents,but now we _____just fine together.
A.get along B.get up C.get away D.get off
⑤It was a difficult time for the quake-hit victims in Ya'an,but they
didn't_____hope.
A.give up B.give off C.give in D.give out
C
D
C
A
A
A组 考点一 动词
1.（2020 江西 ）The performer_____ because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.
A.continued B.relaxed C.stopped D.won
2.（2020 湖北武汉 ）—What makes you _____we're going to sell the house
—I hear that you've got a job abroad.
A.doubt B.wonder C.promise D.suppose
3.（2020新疆 ）Pay no attention to those who laugh at you. What_____
most is how you see yourself.
A.drinks B.matters C.cares D.minds
C
D
B
4.（2020 内蒙古包头）Livestreaming（直播）_____a new chance for traditional culture artists.
A.practies B.provides C.promises D.protects
5.（2020 辽宁营口）Last Thursday when I got to the railway station,
I_____I left my ID card at home.
A.realised B.believed C.thought D.considered
6.（2020天津）I was busy this morning and didn't have time to____my email.
A.waste B.punish C.believe D.check
B
A
D
考点二 动词短语
1.（2020天津 ）Lang Ping is a symbol of courage and success,and
we_____her.
A.come from B.stand for
C.take pride in D.get ready for
2.（2020湖北武汉 ）—You have plenty of homework，don't you
—Yeah,it_____the little time I have outside of school.
A.makes up B.takes up C.turns down D.breaks down
3.（2020云南昆明 ）It's reported that the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games
have been_______until July 23,2021.
A.put up B.put down C.put on D.put off
C
B
D
4.（2020湖北黄冈 ）—It is very cold outside，dear.You have to______ your warm jacket.
—OK. I will,Mom.
A.put on B.put off C.take off D.take up
5.（2020辽宁营口 ）—Tony's room is tidy，isn't it
—Yes. Because he always_____ his toys after playing with them.
A.moves away B.puts away
C.sweeps away D.gives away
6.（2020新疆）—I don' know how to_______the old clothes.
—You can give them away to the charity.
A.hand in B.deal with C.take up D.clean up
A
B
B
7.（2020内蒙古包头 ）He's already playing in a band and he only______
playing the guitar a year ago!
A.took up B.set up C.put up D.gave up
8.（2020吉林 ）We mustn't______ the bus until it stops.
A.get off B.put off C.turn off
9（2020贵州贵阳）Drugs are harmful to people' physical and mental health.We teenagers must ______them.
A.take care of B.kep away from C.get used to
10.（2020山西）This year marks Earth Day's 50th birthday.It was created to remind people to ______the earth—the home to all the living things.
A.talk about B.care about C.hear about
A
A
B
B
B组考点一 动词
1.（2019江西 ）You'll have to ______the books because there aren'enough for everyone.
A.pack B.sell C.choose D.share
2.（2019天津 ）We should ______making a noise in the library.
A.avoid B.prefer C.practise D.enjoy
3.（2019新疆 ）Mum likes_____soap operas.Let's buy a TV for her.
A.becoming B.watching C looking D.smelling
4.（2019湖北武汉 ）—Have you____ chemistry for the coming exam
—Yes.Im quite ready for it.
A.repeated B.copied C.marked D.reviewed
D
A
B
D
5.（2019内蒙古呼和浩特 ）—Jack，let's have a picnic after school.
—Sorry. I have _______Frank to work on the biology report with him.
A.advised B.expected C.suggested D.promised
6.（2019 云南 ）I can't find my keys.Maybe I ____them at home this morning.
A.left B.forgot C.lost D.missed
7.（2018 江西 ）The food is very delicious in the restaurant. We could go
and _____it.
A.sell B.help C.produce D.try
8.（2018天津 ）I am afraid we cannot_____ to take a taxi.Let's go by underground instead.
A.refuse B.afford C.forget D.fall
D
A
D
B
9（2018新疆 ）—Wow;your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it
—Thank you. It _____me 30 dollars.
A.spend B.paid C.cost D.take
10.（2018内蒙古包头）I know what you are thinking about.
I can______ your mind from the look on your face.
A.stay B.spare C.read D.attend
11.（2017黑龙江哈尔滨）If we travel abroad，we prefer to stay in
five-star hotels. That's because they_____ guests with the best service to make them feel at home
A.preview B.provide C.prevent
C
C
B
考点二 动词短语
1.（2019 天津 ）If you want to join the Music Club，______the form,please.
A.go out B.fill out C.get up D.warm up
2.（2019 新疆 ）—I'm afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please______
him to_____ a little
—Sure.
A.ask;turn it down B.allow;turn it on
C.tell;turn it up D.advise;turn it off
3.（2019 内蒙古呼和浩特 ）I really need to take more exercise because
I'm______weight.
A.putting down B.putting on
C.putting off D.putting away
B
A
B
4.（2019湖北武汉 ）—Why were you shouting at Tom
—I told him to be quiet, but he_____talking.
A.joined in B.ended up C.kept on D.put off
5.（2019 黑龙江齐齐哈尔 ）Our school has______a sign at the gate, saying"Greet your child with a smile,not a mobile".
A.put up B.put off C.put on
6.（2019 河南 ）I asked my father to____me_____at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.
A.pick;up B.turn;down C.let;down D.cheer;up
C
A
A
7.（2019 河北 ）On the first day of Chinese New Year，we_____
new clothes and visit people.
A.pick up B.put on C.take off D.throw away
8.（2019 广西北部湾经济区 ）John，please_____your dictionary
from the schoolbag and look up the new word.
A.take away B.take up C.take off D.take out
9.（2018 新疆 ）—Jim，it's dark now. Please_____the light in the room.
—OK,Mum.
A.turn on B.turn up C.turn off D.turn down
B
D
A
10.（2018吉林长春 ）When you meet a new word，you can _____ in a dictionary.
A.cut it up B.clean it up C.look it up D.put it up
11.（2018 内蒙古包头 ）Terry，_____from your cell phone when your father is talking to you.
A.look up B.look around C.look down D.look out
12.（2017重庆 ）No one can be right all the time.When people make mistakes,we shouldn't______them.
A.wait for B.send for C.knock at D.laugh at
C
A
D
Thank you