(共47张PPT)
形容词和副词(二)
语法专题五
教学目标
1.掌握形容词用法及辨析
2.掌握副词用法及辨析
3.掌握形容词和副词的比较等级
4.形容词和副词的构词法
形容词和副词
形容词用法及辨析
副词用法及辨析
形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词用法及辨析
形容词短语的辨析
形容词的用法
形容词的辨析(-ing形容词和-ed形容词)
作表语
作定语
作宾补
与at搭配
与about搭配
与for搭配
与in搭配
与from搭配
与of搭配
与with搭配
与to搭配
副词用法及辨析
时间副词today,now,soon,just...
地点副词here,there,home...
方式副词quietly,quickly...
程度副词much,too,enough...
疑问副词when,where,how...
关系副词when,where,why...
频度副词 often,usaully,never...
几组副词辨析
副词的用法
副词的分类
作表语
作状语
作宾补
形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词(或副词)比较等级的构成
形容词(或副词)原级的用法
形容词(或副词)比较级和最高级的用法
考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级
一、形容词(或副词)原级的用法
条件 结构 例句
有表示程度的副词very, so, too,enough, quite 等修饰时用形容词(或副词)原级 ------ The boy is too young.
这个男孩太小了。
条件 结构 例句
表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词(或副词)原级 肯定句中的结构∶A.…+as+形容词(或副词)原级+as+B
English is as interesting as Chinese.
英语和汉语一样有趣。
否定句中的结构∶A.…+not+as/so+形容词(或副词)原级+as+B I am not so careful as Lucy.
我不如露西仔细。
条件 结构 例句
表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词(或副词)原级 表示"A是B的……倍"时,用"A.…+倍数+as+形容词(或副词)原级+as+B"结构(一倍∶once,两倍∶twice,三倍及以上∶基数词+times)
Our school is three times as big as theirs.
我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。
"…half as+形容词(或副 词)原级+as…"表示"…是…的一半…" Her room is half as big as yours.
她的房间是你的房间的一半大。
注意∶
在两者进行比较表示"A不如B"时,部分双音节和多音节形容词(或副词)除使用"not...as/so+形容词(或副词)原级+as"结构外,还可使用"less+形容词(或副词)原级+than"结构。
He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.
他认为汉语没有英语有趣。
Bll did his homework less carefully than Jim.
比尔做家庭作业没有吉姆认真。
二、形容词比较级和最高级的构成及用法(与副词用法基本相同)
(一)形容词比较等级的构成
1.规则变化
a.一般情况下,单音节或双音节的形容词副词比较级
直接加-er, 最高级直接加-est。
如: clever—cleverer—cleverest cheap—cheaper—cheapest
few—fewer—fewest small—smaller—smallest
young—younger—youngest
b. 以-e 结尾的形容词副词,比较级+ -r,最高级+ -st。
如: large—larger—largest
nice—nicer—nicest
cute—cuter—cutest
c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i +er或+est。
如: busy—busier—busiest
heavy—heavier—heaviest
easy—easier—easiest
happy—happier—happiest
dirty—dirtier—dirtiest
d. 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加+er或 +est。
如: big—bigger—biggest
thin—thinner—thinnest
fat—fatter—fattest
hot—hotter—hottest
e. 多音节和部分双音节形容词,需在原级前+more 构成比较级,+ most 构成最高级。
如: important—more important—most important
beautiful—more beautiful– most beautiful
原级 比较级 最高级 说明
good
well bad(ly) ill many much little far old better
best
worse
worst
less
more
most
farther
further
older
elder
least
farthest
furthest
oldest
eldest
巧记:
特殊形式比较级
共有三对二合一
坏病两多并两好
little意思不是小
一分为二有两个
一是老来二是远
2
不
规
则
变
化
形容词副词最高级的构成规则
最高级 有变化, 一般词尾加 est。
词尾若有哑音e,直接加st就可以。
辅音字母加 y , 去y改i加est 。
双写变化有几个, 大红胖瘦悲湿热。
不规则 记心间,两多好坏老少远。
多音节 词前变,词前加most记心间。
good
well
bad(ly)
ill
many
much
little
far
old
(二)形容词比较级和最高级的主要结构
1.形容词比较级(两者比较)
a.A+be+比较级+than+B
This box is heavier than that one.
这个箱子比那个要重。
b.A+be+比较级+than any other +B(名词单数)
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
他比他班里的任何一个别的男生都要高。
c.A+be+比较级+than the other 比较级+B(名词复数)
He is taller than the other boys in his class.
他比他班里的其余的男生都要高。
d.Who/Which+be+比较级,A or B 表示两者之间进行选择"哪一个更"
Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao
谁更高,李明还是王涛
e.主语+be+the+比较级+of the two.…表示"两者之间比较……的一个"
Mary is the taller of the twins.
玛丽是这对双胞胎中较高的那个。
f.表示"越来越……"时,用比较级重叠结构,即"比较级+and+比较级",
多音节词和部分双音节词用"more and more+形容词原级"
It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.
春天天气变得越来越暖和。
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的家乡正在变得越来越漂亮。
g.表示"越……,越…."时,用"the+比较级,the+比较级"结构
The more we get together, the happier we'll be.
聚会越多,我们越高兴。
h.有表示程度的副词 a little,a bit,a lot,much, even, still,far 等修饰时,
用形容词比较级
I feel even worse now.
现在我甚至感觉更糟糕了。
It is much colder today than before.
今天比以前冷多了。
2.形容词最高级(三者或三者以上的比较)
a.主语+be+the+最高级+人/物/数词
主语+be+the+最高级+in+地方
He is the tallest of the three boys.
他是三个男孩中最高的。
Taiwan is the biggest island in China.
台湾是中国最大的岛屿。
b.表示"最…的……之一"时,用"主语+be+one of+the+最高级+名词复数"结构
Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.
周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
c.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用"Which/Who is +the+最高级,A,B or C "结构
Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou
哪个城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州
注意∶
1.比较对象要相呼应,相比内容必须相同,为了避免重复,可用 one,that,those 或 do 代替前面出现过的名词或动词。
The price of meat is higher than that of rice.
肉的价格比大米的价格高。
2.表示"倍数"时,用"倍数+比较级+than"表示。
The river is three times longer than that one.
这条河比那条河长两倍。
3.形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词 the,句末常跟一个in/of 短语来表示范围。副词最高级前一般不加定冠词 the。
Lin Tao did best in English of all.
在所有人中,林涛的英语最好。
4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示"第几最 …"。如∶
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
5.形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不能再用冠词。
如∶This is our best lesson today.
这是我们今天最好的一节课。
题组训练 单项选择
①Lin Fang comes home ______than before this term. She doesn't have so many classes in the afternoon.
A.early B.earlier C.late D.later
②Emma looked after her pet dog ____of all her friends.
A.carefull B.most careful
C.more carefully D.the most carefully
B
D
③We have done much to protect the environment.So the river is getting _______than before.
A.dirier B.dirty C.cleaner D.clean
④—The scarves are all beautiful.I can't decide which one to choose.
—Oh,look at this red one.I think it's______.
A.beautiful B.more beautiful
C.the most beautiful D.less beautiful
C
C
友情提示:
形容词(副词)的比较等级包括原级、比较级和最高级。
1.判断原级的方法∶如果句中有 as….as…这一标志性结构,则用原级;另外如果有 very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时,一般也用原级。
2.判断比较级的方法:
1)看看是不是两者在进行比较,题组中第①、③题都是把"现在的情况"和"以前"相比,所以用比较级;
2)如果是"比较级+and+比较级"(越来越……)和"the+比较级,the+比较级"(越……越……)这两个结构,则用比较级;
3)如果有 a little,a bit,a lot, much,even,still,far 等修饰时也用比较级。
3.判断最高级的方法∶
1)看看是不是三者或三者以上在进行比较,三者或三者以上比较用最高级,第④题中的 all表示三者或三者以上,所以判断用最高级;
2)如果句末有in/of 短语来表示范围,则用最高级,第②题中有 of all her friends,故判断用最高级;
3)如果句中有 one of the"最……之一"这一结构,就用最高级。
一、加后缀构成的形容词
1. 常见名词变形容词的后缀
名词类别 构成方法 意义 举例
表示天气的名词 -y 充满······的 多·····的
表示方位的名词 -ern ·····方位的 朝·····方的
表示称谓的名词 -ly ·····般的
考点四 形容词和副词的构词法
cloud—cloudy
wind—windy
east—eastern
west—western
friend—friendly
mother—motherly
名词类别 构成方法 意义 举例
表示时间的名词 -ly 每······的
表示物质的名词 -en ·····材质的
表示抽象意义的名词 -fully -less ·····的 ····的 无····的
表示抽大洲与大国的名词 -n ·····的 ····人的
week—weekly
month—monthly
wood—wooden
gold—golden
care—careful
luck—lucky
hope—hopeless
Asia—Asian
America—American
后缀 原词 派生词
-able 能够,可……的(加在动词、名词后,构成形 容词) enjoy 喜欢 enjoyable
愉快的
-ive ……的,有……的(加在动词后构成形容) produce 生产 productive
生产的
2.其他后缀
二、形容词变副词的规则
情况 构成 例词
一般情况 直接叫-ly
辅音字母+y结尾 把y 改i,再加-ly
le 结尾 去e,加-y
quick—quickly 快速地
correct—correctly 正确地
easy—easily 容易地
happy—happily 高兴地
possible—possibly 可能
probable—probably 很可能
续表
情况 构成 例词
元音字母+e结尾 去e,加-ly
ll结尾 只加-y
ic结尾 加-ally
true—truly
真诚地;确实
full—fully
完全地;充分地
basic—basically
基本上;大体上
scientific—scientifically
科学地;按科学方法
注意∶并非所有以-ly 结尾的词都是副词,有些是形容词。常见的有:fiendly 友好的;lonely 孤独的;lovelv 可爱的;lively(人)精力充沛的;(地方、事件等)充满趣味的令人兴奋的;daily 日常的,monthly 每月的、等等。
三、常见形容词的否定前缀
否定前缀 例词
un-
in-
im-
ir-
dis-
happy—unhappy lucky—unlucky
healthy—unhealthy important—unimportant
correct—incorrect expensive—inexpensive
active—inactive
polite—impolite possible—impossible
patient—impatient
regular—irregular responsible—irresponsible
honest—dishonest respectful—disrespectful
考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级
1. —Mary,do you prefer weekdays or weekends
— Of course weekdays.Because I'm______ on weekends.
A.busy B.much busier C.the busiest
2. —What do you think of your junior high school life
—I think it is one of_____periods in my life.
A.wonderful B.more wonderful
C.much wonderful D. the most wonderful
B
D
3.Mount Lao is one of______mountains in Qingdao. Many tourists like climbing it every year.
A.famous B.the more famous
C.most famous D.the most famous
4.—Why don't you get yourself a job
—That's______said than done.
A.easy B.easier C.the easier D.the easiest
5.The Nile is one of the ______river in the world.
A.long B.longer C.longest D.most longest
D
B
C
6. —Do the twins look the same
—No,Jane is _____ taller than Claire.
A.little B.more C.a little
7.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and
drink______cola to keep fit.
A.much B.more C.fewer D.less
8. The hotel is very old.It's one of _____buildings in the city.
A.old B.older C.oldest D. the oldest
C
D
D
9. Alex believes he will soon be able to play chess as_____as the computer.
A.well B.better C.best D.the best
10.Nowadays people wish to have_____food than before as their life improves.
A.healthy B.healthier
C.healthiest D.the healthiest
11. Jane has become much _______than before .She can express herself in
public now.
A.brave B.braver C.lazy D.lazier
A
B
B
12.Mike is ____student because she was born later than anyone else in
her class.
A.young B.younger
C. the younger D.the youngest
13. I have been to quite a few restaurants,but I can say this one is______.
A.good B.better C.the better D.the best
14.A journey by train is _____than by coach.
A.more relaxing B.relaxing
C.most relaxing D. the most relaxing
D
D
A
15. —I think it's necessary to learn how to work in groups
—I quite agree. Sometimes it's even _____than grades.
A. less important B.more important
C.the least important D. the most important
16. ______you speak,_____your English will be.
A.The less;the more B.The more; the better
C.The less; the better D. The more;the less
B
B
17.Peter is 15 years old.He is______than his father.
A. tall B.taller C.tallest D.the tall
18. —The Internet service fees are too high,and the speed is too slow.
—That's why Premier Li Keqiang asks operators(运营商)to provide ______Internet.
A.many cheaper and quicker B.very cheaper and quicker
C.more cheaper and quicker D.much cheaper and quicker
B
D
19. —What a clear blue sky it is!
—Yes.I have never seen_____sky!
A.a more beautiful B.a most beautiful
C.the more beautiful D.the most beautiful
20. —The relation between the two countries gets_____.A war seems to break out soon.
—I hope they will make peace with each other.
A.worse and worse B.better and better
C.more and more peaceful
A
A
Thank you