2022年中考英语定语从句复习讲解课件55张

(共55张PPT)
2018.01.01
Relative Clause
(定语从句)
Reporter：
语法层次
2
1
3
Attribute
Exercises
Relative clause
1
PART ONE
Attribute
Attribute （定语）
定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用 “……的” 表示。可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语，从句等来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后，作后置定语.
介词短语定语
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. (in the classroom 为定语，修饰名词boy ; of yours为定语，修饰名词pen)/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
形容词定语
所有的形容词，只要后面加名词，都是定语
名词定语
The boy needs a ball pen.(ball为定语，修饰名词pen)/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
The use of attributes
副词定语
The boy there needs a pen.(there为定语，修饰名词boy)/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
不定式定语
What's the next thing to be done (to be done 为定语，修饰名词thing)/ 接下来要做的事情是什么
数词做定语
There are five boys left.(five为定语，修饰名词boy; left为定语，修饰名词boy)/有五个留下的男孩。
定语
名词
形容词
数词
句子
介词
副词
2
PART two
Relative clause
Warming up
Some relative pronouns or & adverbs.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
are typically found after a noun phrase and proving some information about the person or thing indicated by that noun phrase They are sometimes called 'adjective clauses' because, like many adjectives they often describe and help to identify the person or thing being talked about.
What is Relative Clause
What is Relative Clause
如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句就是定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词(先行词）的从句就是定语从句 。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的句子。
For example：
This is the car （which I bought last year.）
Workers built shelters for survivors （whose homes
had been destroyed.）
事，物：which/ that/ whose/as
人：who/whom/whose/that/as
地点：where
时间：when
原因：why
关系词
Knowledge points
What is Relative Clause
如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句就是定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词(先行词）的从句就是定语从句 。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的句子。
Relative pronoun
关系代词用法:
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
先
行
词
是
人
关系代词:
who
whom
whose
that
which
先行词是物
These are the students who / that won the first place last year.
Relative Pronouns
指人
Whose
That
Who
which
先
行
词
是
人
先
行
词
是
人
先
行
词
是
人
先
行
词
是
物
① who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
作主语
人
②that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
可省略
The man that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
人
③ whose 作定语从句的定语.
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
人
The woman (whom ) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语
④whom在定语从句中作宾语。
可省略
人
Relative Pronouns
指物
That
which
先
行
词
是
物
先
行
词
是
物
2.
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
作主语
作宾语
可省略
物
3. 只能用that的情况
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
③　everything, something, nothing, all,
anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
②先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
⑤ 主句已有who或which时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
4.关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whom, 指物只用which
This is the boy with whom he talked.
This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
四步搞定关系词
1.确定本句是定语从句
2.确定先行词
3.代入先行词
4.确定关系词
1. The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important.
主句：
从句（定语从句）:
先行词:
关系词:
翻译:
举一反三： 看谁找得快
主句：
从句（定语从句）:
先行词:
关系词:
翻译:
2. The girl / is making a speech right now is our monitor / who / .
主句：
从句（定语从句）:
先行词:
关系词:
翻译:
3. This is the room / is broken / whose door / .
Mr. Left is a kind husband whose wife always ask him to wash clothes.
看图说话
whose
Mr. Left is a lucky dog
master wants to teach him Kungfu.
看图说话
Sentence Analysis
1. She is the girl （whom I met at the party.）
2.Here are two pictures （that are taken from the film.）
3. The reason ( that the car broke down ) caused the accident.
4.The boy and the girl （whom/that/who you see in the picture） are Jack and Rose.
定从句
定从句
定从句
定从句
Usage Of Relative Pronouns
1) who, whom, that
1
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人 的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man (who / that) wants to see you
(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man (whom / that )I saw yesterday.
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2 ) Whose
2
2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3 ) which, that
3
3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物 的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如:
Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 状语 定语
who √ √ √
whom √ √
which √ √ √
that √ √ √ √
whose √ √ √
The usage of the relative pronoun
& adverb
B. Relative Adverb
Relative Adverbs
why
That
when
where
先
行
词
是时间
先
行
词
是
地点名词
先
行
词
是
reason
充当关系副词
■关系副词when的用法
when 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是时间名词，在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。如：
Can you tell me the time( when the film will start)
=Can you tell me the time （at which the film will start）
定从句
定从句
■关系副词where的用法
where既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是地点名词，在从句中充当地点状语，相当于：“介词+which”。如：
This is the school （where I studied a few years ago.） —This is the school in which I studied a few years ago.
定从句
■关系副词why的用法
why只能引导限制性定语从句，先行词只有reason一词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于：“for + which”。如：
Do you know the reason （why he is not here now） —Do you know the reason for which he is not here now 你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗？
定从句
■关系副词that的用法
that只能引导限制性定语从句，充当关系副词时，其作用相当于：“介词+关系代词”，在从句中充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语等。如：
在定语从句中作时间状语。先行词有：
但现代英语中， 。如：
Each time (that) I meet him, he will smile and say “hello”. 每次我会见他时，他都会笑着说“喂，你好!”
that往往省略
each time, every time, anytime, the first time, the moment, the minute, the hour, etc.
2. 在定语从句中作方式状语, 现行词是way, 如：
Can you show me the way (that) you solve the problem like this 请告诉我你解决这类问题的方法好吗？
3. 在定语从句中作原因状语，现行词只有reason一词，如：
I don’t know the reason (that) he has left school now. 我不知道他辍学的原因。
4. 在定语从句中做其他状语，现行词如price, speed等，如：
I think the price (that) she sells her apple is too high. (that = at which) 我认为她卖苹果的价格太高。
■关系副词that的用法
定从句
定从句
定从句
关系副词 相当于 先行词 在从句中的句法功能
when at/in/on/during which 表示时间的词(组) 时间状语
where in/at which 表示地点的词(组) 地点状语
why for which reason 原因状语
关系副词相当于"介词+which"，具体情形如下表所示:
1. This is the city (which/that) you visited last year.
同义句： You visited the city last year
同义句：
Let’s go to the concert, where you will find much fun.
= Let’s go to the concert, you will find much fun.
同义句：
In which
This is the school where I studied a few years ago.
= This is the school I studied a few years ago.
同义句：
In which
1. Do you know / the reason / he is not here now / why
主句：
从句（定语从句）:
先行词:
关系词:
翻译:
举一反三： 看谁找得快
1. The reason / was lack of medical care / that he died .
主句：
从句（定语从句）:
先行词:
关系词:
翻译:
举一反三： 看谁找得快
典型例题：
You’re the only person ______ I’ve ever met ______ could do it.
A . who B. whom C . whom D. who
解析：先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it . who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
答案：D
【定语从句考点分析】
对于定语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查，重点是that , which , who 引导的定语从句。
典型例题：
I can never forget the day_______ we worked together and the day______ we spent together.
A . When ;which B . Which ; when
C . What ; that D . On which ; when
解析：两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
答案：A
【定语从句知识点误区】
当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。
Exercises：
一、定语从句是复合句的重要组成部分。在定语从句中不管出现什么情况，主句的结构必须完整。试比较：
1. Is this farm ________ they visited the day before yesterday
2. Is this the farm ________ they visited the day before yesterday
A. which B. the one C. where D. what
简析：第1题中主句缺少表语，只有B项才能保持主句的完整性。故选B。第2 题的主句本身已完整，应填关系代词作定语从句中及物动词visit 的宾语。所以，正确答案是A。
二、在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重叠的成分。例如：
改错： Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week
简析：该题中的that 指代先行词book，在定语从句中充当了动词 lend 的逻辑宾语，故 it 应该删除。
三、解题时，首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置；根据定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分，继而选出正确的选项。例如：
Can you tell me the name of the factory ________ you visited last week
A. what B. where C. / D. when
简析：本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备，而visit 是个及物动词，从语义上分析，factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选C (引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略）。
四、解答"介词+关系代词 "类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
简析:D本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。
Thank you for listening!