2022年中考语法专项被动语态讲解练习课件

(共43张PPT)
被动语态
动词
谓语动词
非谓语
动词
时态、语态
虚拟语气
不定式
动名词
分词
现在分词
过去分词
过去分词的变化
规则变化：
clean- ___________ - ____________
phone- ___________- __________
carry- __________ - __________
stop- ___________ - ___________
stopped
carried
stopped
carried
phoned
phoned
cleaned
cleaned
不规则变化：
put- ______ - _______ make- ________ - ________
come- _______ - _______ run- ______ - _______
do- ______ - _______ grow- _______ - ________
put
put
made
made
came
come
did
done
ran
run
grew
grown
目录
1. 什么是被动语态？
2. 被动语态的基本结构。
3. 如何把主动语态变为被动语态？
1. 学生们把教室打扫了。
教室被学生们打扫了。
2. 我把一个苹果吃了。
一个苹果被我吃了。
3. Tom把他的自行车修好了。
他的自行车被汤姆修好了。
The students cleaned the classroom.
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
主语
谓语
宾语
动作发出者
动作承受者
主语
谓语
宾语
动作发出者
动作承受者
主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。
被动语态：主语是动作的承受着。
1. We learnt some new words yesterday.
2. Mr. White teaches us English.
3. A new school will be built in two months.
4. My mother waters the flowers every day.
5. My coat was washed by me.
6. The dish is cooked.
1. The students cleaned the classroom.
2. The classroom was cleaned by the students.
3. My mother waters the flowers every day.
4. The flowers are watered every day.
被动语态的基本结构：be + 过去分词
被动语态的常见用途
1. -- The window was broken. Who did it
-- I have bo idea.
当不清楚动作发出者时，常用被动语态。
2. China is developing rapidly. The high-speed rails are built all parts of the country.
当强调动作承受者时，常用被动语态。
常见时态主动变被动的步骤
Tom washes his bike on Sundays.
His bike
is washed
by Tom
on Sundays.
am
are
常见时态主动变被动的步骤
Tom washes his bike on Sundays.
1. 找宾语，提前宾语做主语。
2. 确定be动词的时态及人称、数。
3. 找主语，后置做介(by)宾。
His bike
is washed
by Tom
on Sundays.
am
are
1. We speak Chinese every day.
2. He reads books after school.
Chinese
is spoken
by us
every day.
Books
are read
by him
after school.
一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词
1. More trees _______________ (plant) every year to make our city greener.
2. My teachers __________ (tell) me to work hard.
3. I ____________ (tell) to work hard by my teachers.
4. In the morning the old _________ (like) to do
exercise.
are planted
tell
am told
like
1. Last week she bought a fuuny book.
2. He lost some cards yesterday.
Last week
a fuuny book
was bought
by her.
Some cards
were lost
by him
yesterday.
一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词
1. The last BeiDou navigation satellite(北斗导航卫星) __________successfully last month.
A．was sent up B．sent up C．has sent up
2. Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ________ to take medicine on time.
A．told B．is told
C．was told D．has told
3. The theater ________ to celebrate the Art
Festival last month.
A．decorated B．is decorated
C．was decorated D．has decorated
4. In 1958, pinyin ________by Chinese linguist
(语言学家)Zhou Youguang and his team.
A. designs B. designed
C. is designed D. was designed
1. I will finish my work tomorrow.
2. They will build a new house next month.
My work
will be finished
by me
tomorrow
A new house
will be built
by them.
一般将来时：will be+ 过去分词
I will finish my work tomorrow.
My work will be finished by me tomorrow.
I am going to finish my work tomorrow.
My work is going to be finished by me.
We will learn some new words next week.
Some new words will be learnt by us.
Some new words are going to be learnt by us.
1. We have completed the house.
The house __________________________ by us.
2. He has broken two world records.
Two world records ______________________ by him.
现在完成时：
has
been
completed
has
broken
been
have/has been 过去分词
1. Our life __________________________(influence ) the mobile phone since it ______________(invite).
When you leave the room, make sure the door __________________(lock).
3. _______ a new library _____________ (build) in your school yet
has been influenced
was invited
will be locked
Has
been built
Tom is making a kite.
A kite __________________ by Tom.
They are cutting trees.
Trees ___________________ by them.
现在进行时：
is
being
made
are
being
cut
am/is/are being 过去分词
1. — Why are you late for the meeting
—The road to school _______________________ (repair) now.
2. — Is dinner ready, mom
— Not yet. The dinner ____________________.
is being repaired
is being cooked
Tom was making a kite at that time.
A kite _____________________ by Tom at that time.
They were sweeping rooms at this time.
Rooms _______________________ by them.
过去进行时：
being
was
made
were
being
swept
was/were being 过去分词
一般现在时：______________ + 过去分词
一般现在时：______________ + 过去分词
一般现在时：____________________________
______________
现在进行时：______________________ + 过去分词
过去完成时: ______________________ + 过去分词
现在完成时：______________________ + 过去分词
am/is/are
was/were
will be
am/is/are going to be
+ 过去分词
am/is/are being
have/has been
was/were being
简单句的基本结构
1. The moon is light tonight.
2. Three years passed quickly.
3. They play football at times.
4. He sent the boy a toy.
5. I asked him to come here.
S + V + P
S + V
S + V + O
S + V + DO+IO
S + V + O +OC
1. The moon is light tonight.
系/半系动词无被动语态。
2. Three years passed quickly.
不及物动词无被动语态。
一. 双宾语结构的被动语态。
He gave me a book.
I was given a book by him.
He gave a book to me.
A book was given to me by him.
双宾语结构中直接宾语提前变被动，间接宾语
前要加相对应的介词。
　　
1. He showed me a ticket.
I was shown a ticket (by him).
A ticket was shown to me (by him).
2. He bought her a book.
She was bought a book (by him).
A book was bougth for her (by him).
二. 复合宾语的被动语态。(宾语+宾补)
1. We call the boy Tom.
The boy is called Tom (by us).
2. He made his son happy.
His son was made happy (by him).
3. We found Tom in his bedroom.
Tom was found in his bedroom (by us).
4. I hear you singing a nice song.
You are heart singing a nice song (by me).
注：动词不定式做宾补的特殊情况。
1. Mom asks me to leave now.
I am asked to leave now (by mom).
2. His friend told him to pick up the book.
He was told to pick up the book.
3. We advised her to give up the chance.
She was advised to give up the chance.
特殊情况1：
1. Mom asks me to leave now.
I am asked to leave now (by mom).
2. He asks me to finish the work.
I am asked to finish the work.
He asks the work to be finished.
当动词不定式动词为及物动词时，不定式的宾语也可提前变为被动。
1. He wants his father to repair the bike.
His father is wanted to repair the bike.
He wants the bike to be repaired.
2. He asked her to hide the truth.
She was asked to hide the truth.
He asked the truth to be hidden.
特殊情况2：
1. I heard Tom telling the story when I met him.
Tom was heard telling the story ... .
2. I heard Tom tell the story few dys ago.
Tom was heard to tell the stroy few days ago.
当省略to的不定式做宾补时，省略的to要做补充。
1. Jerry is seen _________ (play) football with
his classmates sometimes.
2. Tom was seen __________ (walk) out.
省略to的不定式做宾语表示经常或已发生的动作。
3. The missing boy was seen __________(play)
near the river.
现在分词作宾补表示正在发生的动作。
to play
playing
to walk
宾语从句的被动语态
People say that there will be a show tonight.
People say there will be a show tonight.
People say it.
It is said
that there will be a show tonight.
We believe that practice makes perfcet.
We believe practice makes perfcet.
We believed it.
It is believed
that practice makes perfcet.
1) It is said that 。。。
据说。。。
2) It is believed that 。。。
人们相信。。。
3) It is reported that 。。。
据报道。。。
4) It is thought that 。。。
人们普遍认为。。。
主动结构表被动意义
1. 半系动词后跟形容词，构成的系表结构。
1) The noodles taste delicious.
2) The flower smells nice.
3) The question proves difficult.
2. 动词need, want, require等动词后跟动名词。
1) 我的外套需要洗了。
My coat needs to be washed.
My coat needs washing.
2) 这辆车需要维修了。
The car wants to be repaired.
The car wants repairing.
1) My coat needs washing.
2) The car wants repairing.
需要满足以下条件：
1. 主语常为事物或指事物的代词。
2. need, want, require意为 “需要”。
3. 动词后跟动名词。
3. 及物动词的主动表被动。
1) 这本书买的很好。
The book sells well.
2) 这件短裤洗起来很容易。
This shorts wash easily.
3) 这种事物吃起来很健康。
This kind of food eats healthily.
The book sells well.
This shorts wash easily.
当句子满足一下条件，及物动词的主动表被动：
The book sells well.
主语指物
及物动词
副词