2022年中考英语专题复习--不定冠词a/an的用法（无答案）

语法专题冠词-不定冠词a/an的用法
1.a（an）用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类。 A steel worker makes steel. 钢铁工人炼钢。这里a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。
2.指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩子在等你。
3.a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念（也就是说数的概念没有one强烈）。 We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two cars.
4.使用不定冠词表示单位。 fifty miles an hour 每小时50公里 twice a week 每周两次
5.表示生什么病前应用a。 have a headache, have a cold
6.give，take，have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。 have a talk/bath/look, make a living/promise, take a swim/walk/rest, give a talk/smile
7.抽象名词和物质名词具体化时，该名词前要加a。 It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can make into a good paper.
8.用于某些固定的词组中。 a bit(of), a cup of, a few, a little, a lot of, a number of
不定冠词a/an的区别
在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。
注意：a，e，i，o，u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音是[iu:]或[u]时前面用冠词a，u读[ ]时，前面用冠词an。
特别记：6个字母中开头为元音音素发音的辅音字母：f[ef]，h[eit/]，I[el]，m[em]，n[en]，rla:]，s[es]，x[eks]
语法专题冠词-定冠词the的用法
1.指双方都知道的人或物。 — Where are the new books, Jim They are on the small table.
2.文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a/an，下次再出现此名词时用the。 Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.
3.名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，此名词前用the。 The boys here are interested in sports.
4.序数词前表示顺序时前面用the。 Mary is the third to come in.
5.形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词前用the。 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.
6.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。 The sun is bigger than the moon.
7.表示东、南、西、北方的名词前用the。 The sun rises in the east.
8.the用于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。 the Smiths 史密斯夫妇
9.“the+普通名词”构成专有名词。 the United States ,the United Nations, the People's Republic of China
10.“play+西洋乐器”表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the；但在表示数量时可用a。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the violin. There is a new piano against the wall.
11.“the+形容词（形容词名词化）”表示一类人或事物 the poor, the rich, the sick, the beautiful
12.定冠词the用在江河、海洋，山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。 the North China Plain 华北平原
13.一些含the的习惯用语。 on the right(left), in the front of, in the middle of the meeting/the forest, at the foot of the hill, in the afternoon /in the daytime, at the beginning /in the end
语法专题冠词-不用冠词(零冠词)的用法
1.物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。 Wood can be made into chairs and tables.
2.表示节日、月份、一周中七日的名词前一般不加the；但如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。 Spring is coming. He was born in the summer of 1964.
3.学科前和国名、湖名前一般不加冠词。 learn Chinese/math/physics/chemistry, in Asia, in Germany, in Africa
4.在一些专有名词(地名、节假日)前不加冠词 Christmas Day, Children’s Day
5.表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。 go to work/college/hospital上班/上大学/上医院, be in hospital/school/bed住院/在学校/卧床
6.表示三餐的名词前不加冠词；如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿……的饭”，可加a。 have breakfast/lunch/supper have a big supper/nice lunch
7.表示交通工具的手段时，用“by+名词”表示，该名词前不用冠词。如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。 by bike/taxi/car/train/plane, in his car，on the bus/plane
8.动名词前一般不用冠词。 Walking on the moon is difficult.
9.play+球类、棋类、游戏名称时，此类名词前不加冠词。 play basketball, play chess
10.“名词+基数词”表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the。 Page Three =the third page, Lesson One =the first lesson
11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再用冠词。 his second son, that old man, Mr. Wang's car
12.表示时间或地点的一些“介词+名词”的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。 at home, in town, at noon, in trouble, in danger, in fact
13.在称呼语或表示头衔名词前不用冠词。 president of America
【注意事项】英语中有“定冠不定冠，意思差千万”的说法。也就是说有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词其意义截然不同。
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁
in class 在上课 in the class 在班级中
go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去
go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 到床那去
in front of 在…前面 in the front of 在…前部
练习(真题)：
( )1. Yancheng，____ energetic city，has set up trade relations with lots of countries and areas.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )2. The man is driving at 40 kilometres_____ hour.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )3. If you want to take ____ short ride in the city，choose ____ shared bike.
A.a；/ B.the；the C.a；a D./；a
( )4.As ____ volunteer at the Beijing Expo 2019（园艺博览会）, Lu Ming understands ____ idea of green life better than before.
A.a；an B.a；the C.the；an D.the；the
( )5.-Look at the tall boy over there.He's ____ winner of the school painting competition.
-Oh，he must be ____ creative boy.
A.the；a B.the；an C.a；the D.an；a
( )6.-Is that ____ post office？ -No，it's ____ old library.
the；a B.a；an C.an；a D.an；the
( )7.Mr.Brown has ____ eight-year-old daughter. She is very lovely.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )8.-Look！Who's ____ girl in a red skirt over there？
-Oh，she is my sister，Kate.She is ____ honest girl.
A.that；a B.this；the C.this；a D.that；an
( )9.“____ apple a day keeps the doctor away"is ____ useful saying.
An；an B.An；a C.A；a D.A；an
( )10. Our English teacher told us ____ interesting story and ____ story was about Thomas Edison.
A.an；a B.the；the C.a；the D.an；the