2021-2022学年闻知高级中学高一上学期期末英语复习试题（八）
时间：60分钟 总分：100分
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分36分）
第一节（共4小题；每小题4分，满分16分）
There are hundreds of types of birthday cake in the world. You are likely to enjoy one during at least one of your birthday parties. But have you ever stopped and wondered, “Why am I eating this What makes this dessert fit to celebrate the day of my birth ”
It’s because you are as important and beloved as the gods.
The ancient Egyptians are thought to have “invented” the celebration of birthdays. They believed when pharaohs (法老) were crowned, they became gods, so their coronation (加冕) day was their “birth” as a god.
Ancient Greeks borrowed the tradition, but realized that a dessert would make the celebration more meaningful. So they baked moon-shaped cakes to offer up to the goddess of the moon. They decorated them with lighted candles to make the cakes shine like the moon. It is the reason why we light our birthday cakes on fire.
Modern birthday parties are said to get their roots from an 18th century German celebration. On the morning of a child’s birthday, he or she would receive a cake with lighted candles that added up to the kid’s age, plus one. This extra candle was called the “light of life,” representing the hope of another full year lived.
And then, torture — because no one could eat the cake until after dinner. The family replaced the candles as they burned out throughout the day. Finally, when the moment came, the birthday child would make a wish, try to blow out all the candles in one breath, and dig in.
Since the ingredients (原料) to make cakes were pretty expensive, this birthday custom didn’t become popular until the Industrial Revolution. More ingredients were available, which made them cheaper, and bakeries even started selling pre-baked cakes.
1．What is the passage mainly about
A．The origin of birthday cakes. B．The significance of birthday cakes.
C．The history of birthday parties. D．The introduction of cake production.
2．Who established the tradition of celebrating birthdays with cakes according to the passage
A．Germans. B．Pharaohs.
C．Ancient Greeks. D．Ancient Egyptians.
3．The underlined word “torture” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．pleasure B．replacement
C．sharing D．suffering
4．Why was the birthday cake custom unpopular before the Industrial Revolution
A．The transport was inconvenient.
B．The ingredients of cakes were expensive.
C．The cake could not be eaten before dinner.
D．The bakeries would not sell pre-baked cakes.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
Failure is a word that no one wants to hear. It is human beings’ biggest fear yet it is faced by every human being. Sometimes, people’s fear of it is their biggest barrier to success. ___5___ Here are some tips which can help you get on the positive side of life.
Never give up. Before starting anything that you think will give you success, promise yourself that you will never give up. ___6___ Remember that it is never too late to do so.
___7___ This is the opportunity that you should not let go of. Suppose you are on a football ground. You strike the ball for 9 times in a row and fail. But at the tenth attempt, you succeed. The tenth attempt proves that you have somehow learnt from your mistakes.
Never think that you've got only one plan. The worst thing you can do after failing in some project is thinking that it was the only plan you could ever think of. ___8___ If Plan A fails, turn to Plan B or Plan C. If you are into achieving something, no one or nothing in this world can stop you.___9___ This is the most important thing that you need to live a happy life. Always think positive. Never let yourself down. Positivity is all we need to grow and establish ourselves in this world
A. Keep on trying.
B. Keep a positive attitude.
C. Learn from your mistakes.
D. There is always another way.
E. Therefore, you need to learn how to deal with failure.
F. Just as the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
G. This promise helps make your mind ready for both failure and success.
第二部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分 30 分第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
After working an inhuman 8-hour shift at a factory unloading (卸货) parts for cheap furniture, I got on the bus, dirty, tired and hot. I ___10___ that place every day looking like I worked in a coal mine. ___11___, I still felt a bit proud of myself as I had held this tiring job for 3months, which was extremely rare. So when I took my seat on the bus going home, I decided my ___12___ life would not lower my spirits today.
I was dreaming about a better and new life when I was ___13___ by our new passenger. She was a middle-aged woman with worn-out clothes and messy hair. She got on, aggressively and ___14___ pushed her way into a front seat, and then turned her glare and ___15___ on whoever dared to look her way.
All I could feel for this woman was ___16___. There was no disgust. Only pity and the familiar knowledge of being faceless, nameless, and ___17___ to no one. Suddenly, she turned her threatening eyes towards me and very loudly yelled, “Why you so ___18___ man ”
With a smile, I said, “I just came from work.” She then loudly asked if I worked in hell and broke out in laughter, so I laughed too﹣___19___ her and told her that was funny. Then I asked her her name as I ___20___ why I was so dirty. Her name was Karen.
In front of all of us on the bus that day, the power of ___21___ showed its beauty. In front of all of us this woman ___22___. Her language, her posture, and her voice, even the way she tilted (倾斜) her head when I spoke to her as a ___23__ changed.
As Karen was getting off the bus, she touched me ___24___ on the arm. With tear-filled eyes, she asked whether I’d be riding the bus the next day. I promised I ___25___. We waved to each other and then I got what my life had needed all along: affirmation (认可).
Everyone on the bus had been watching us and then an old woman spoke to me, “Sir, you just changed that woman with your heart. She will never forget how you ___25___ her. You are great.” Other passengers gave me thumbs-up signs showing their ___27___.
That day was the first day when I realized I am ___28___. People say I gave Karen something that day but actually she ___29___ me so much more. I now work in the field of mental health. I often tell the story of the power of kindness, and I talk about Karen and unlimited possibilities.
10. A. reached B. left C. visited D. found
11. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Otherwise
12. A. strange B. interesting C. unhappy D. brave
13. A. recognized B. stopped C. challenged D. followed
14. A. rudely B. quietly C. slowly D. gently
15. A. puzzle B. fear C. surprise D. anger
16.A. satisfaction B. pity C. disappointment D. amazement
17. A. demanding B. controlling C. mattering D. appealing
18. A. sad B. dirty C. nervous D. crazy
19. A. with B. at C. about D. off
20. A. checked B. regretted C. admitted D. explained
21. A. teamwork B. determination C. kindness D. honesty
22. A. hesitated B. changed C. cheered D. agreed
23. A. family B. stranger C. friend D. teacher
24. A. unwillingly B. hopelessly C. patiently D. softly
25. A. might B. could C. would D. should
26. A. treated B. remembered C. persuaded D. missed
27. A. humor B. politeness C. confidence D. admiration
28. A. helped B. needed C. understood D. respected
29. A. owed B. paid C. gave D. lent
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
A few years ago, after a long morning of sightseeing in New York, my children and I took a rest on a park bench in Central Park.
“Look!” my son said, ____30____ (point) to a nearby rubbish bin. That’s when we saw our first raccoon (浣熊). Quite at home in the big city, he paid us no attention, concentrating only on finding a ____31____ (taste) lunch. He sorted through a few options before coming out with a wrapped sandwich ____32____ (hold) between his paws.
____33____ (surprise), rather than run away, he jumped down and walked casually to a spot on the path, not a metre from ____34___ we sat. The children were spellbound, the raccoon providing better ____35___ (entertain) than any museum. He glanced at us, perhaps checking to see ____36____ we were about to steal his lunch.
____37____ his fingers, he peeled back the layers of plastic wrap until the half-eaten sandwich ____38____ (uncover).
Then he surprised us all. Instead of starting his food, he ____39___ (turn) to a nearby pool of water and dipped his paws in. With a casual air, he rubbed his paws together underwater for a moment, brushed his fur, then started gracefully picking at his meal.
第三部分写作（满分20分）
40.假定你是武汉高中生李华，曾感染了新冠病毒。在武汉方舱医院接受治疗时，心情极度沮丧，护士李薇对你精心照顾，经常与你谈心，并鼓励你。现在，你已经彻底痊愈，请给她写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示对李薇的感谢；
2. 回顾李薇对你的帮助并再次感谢；
3. 对李护士的祝愿。注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 开头及结束语已写好。
Dear Li Wei,
I’m writing to express my thanks for your helping me beat the novel coronavirus.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Wish you all the best！
Yours,
Li Hua.2021-2022学年闻知高级中学高一上学期期末英语复习试题（八）
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了生日蛋糕的起源。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段But have you ever stopped and wondered, “Why am I eating this What makes this dessert fit to celebrate the day of my birth ”可知，但是你有没有停下来想过，“我为什么要吃这个 ”是什么让这个甜点适合庆祝我的生日呢 所以短文以提问的形式点明主题以及根据下文的具体介绍可知，本文讲述了生日蛋糕的起源。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段Ancient Greeks borrowed the tradition, but realized that a dessert would make the celebration more meaningful. So they baked moon-shaped cakes to offer up to the goddess of the moon. They decorated them with lighted candles to make the cakes shine like the moon. It is the reason why we light our birthday cakes on fire.古希腊人借鉴了这一传统，但意识到甜点会让庆祝活动更有意义。所以他们烤月亮形状的蛋糕来供奉给月亮女神。他们用点燃的蜡烛装饰蛋糕，使蛋糕像月亮一样闪闪发光。这就是我们为什么把生日蛋糕点着的原因。所以是古希腊人建立了用蛋糕庆祝生日的传统。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据第六段And then, torture — because no one could eat the cake until after dinner.大家只有在晚餐后才能吃蛋糕，这是一种折磨。所以划线词的意思是suffering“折磨”。故选D。
4．细节理解题。Since the ingredients (原料) to make cakes were pretty expensive, this birthday custom didn’t become popular until the Industrial Revolution.因为制作蛋糕原料非常贵，直到工业革命生日蛋糕风俗才受欢迎。所以在工业革命前生日蛋糕风俗不受欢迎的原因是原料很贵。故选B。
【答案】5. E 6. G 7. C 8. D 9. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。每个人都害怕失败，我们对失败的恐惧是成功路上最大的绊脚石。文章就如何应对失败提出了几条建议。
5.由下一句的“Here are some tips which can help you get on the positive side of life.”可知，作者要给读者提出一些积极应对的建议，与E选项“你需要知道如何应对失败”相呼应。故选E项。
6.上一句提到“要承诺自己永不放弃。”承接上文，G选项“这个承诺能够帮助你的大脑应对成功或是失败。”与之相呼应。故选G项。
7.由本段最后一句“The tenth attempt proves that you have somehow learnt from your mistakes”可知，要从之前的失败的尝试中学习，积累经验，C选项“从错误中学习”切题。故选C选项。
8.由上下文中“The worst thing you can do after failing in some project is thinking that it was the only plan you could ever think of.”“If Plan A fails, turn to Plan B or Plan C.”可知，我们需要做好充足的准备，多准备一些方案以便不时之需。D选项“总会有其他办法”切题。故选D项。
9.由本段中“Always think positive.”可知，B选项“保持积极态度”与之相呼应。故选B项。
【答案】
10. B 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲述作者尽管工作一天又累又脏，但还是在公交车上用自己的善良改变了Karen的感人故事，并且悟出了生活的真谛。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每天离开那个地方时都像在煤矿里工作了一样。A. reached到达；B. left离开；C. visited参观；D. found发现。根据上文说工作后又脏又累，可知是离开时候像在煤矿里工作一样。故选B项。
11.考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，我仍然感到有点自豪，因为我已经做了这份累人工作3个月，这是非常罕见的。A. However然而；B. Besides除此之外，还有；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。我仍然感到自豪同上文又脏又累的工作构成转折关系。故选A项。
12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我在回家的公共汽车上坐下来的时候，我决定今天我不快乐的生活不会让我情绪低落。A. strange奇怪的；B. interesting有趣的；C. unhappy不快乐的；D. brave勇敢的。根据上下文语境分析，又脏又累的工作，可推断应该是不快乐的生活。故选C项。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们的新乘客拦住我时，我正梦想着一个更好的新生活。A. recognized认出；B. stopped阻止；C. challenged挑战；D. followed跟随。根据上下文语境分析，通过对新乘客的描述，可知她吸引了作者的注意力，把作者从梦想中拉倒现实生活中来。故选B项。
14.考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们的新乘客拦住我时，我正梦想着一个更好的新生活。A. rudely粗鲁地；B. quietly安静地；C. slowly慢慢地；D. gently温柔地。根据文章中对新乘客的描述 aggressively and 表示咄咄逼人，rudely更符合语境。故选A项。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她上了车，咄咄逼人地粗暴地把自己推到前排座位上，然后把她的目光和愤怒转向了任何敢看她的人。A. puzzle迷惑；B. fear害怕；C. surprise惊讶；D. anger愤怒。根据下文中任何敢看她的人，可以推断为anger。故选D项。
16.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对这个女人所能感受到的就是怜悯。A. satisfaction满意；B. pity怜悯；C. disappointment失望；D. amazement惊讶。同下文There was no disgust. Only pity and the familiar knowledge of being faceless, nameless,中的pity相呼应。故选B项。
17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有同情和熟悉的无知，无名无姓，对任何人都无关紧要。A. demanding要求；B. controlling控制；C. mattering事关紧要；D. appealing恳求。根据对新乘客的描述及句意。故选C项。18.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你为什么这么脏？” A. sad悲伤的；B. dirty脏的；C. nervous紧张的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据下文Then I asked her name as I ___11___ why I was so dirty.中的dirty相呼应。故选B项。
19.考查介词词义辨析。句意：然后她大声问我是否在地狱里工作并且大笑起来，所以我也笑了--和她一起，告诉她这很有趣。 A. with和…一起；B. at在（某处）；C. about关于；D. off离开。根据句意，和某人一起。故选A项。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我问她的名字，解释为什么我这么脏。 A. checked检查；B. regretted后悔；C. admitted承认；D. explained解释。根据语境和句意。故选D项。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天在我们大家面前，善良的力量展现了它的美丽。 A. teamwork团队工作；B. determination决定；C. kindness善良；D. honesty诚实。根据下文女人的改变及作者的友好和善良，可推断出在公交车上是善良的力量展现了它的美丽。故选C项。
22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们面前，这个女人变了。 A. hesitated犹豫；B. changed改变；C. cheered欢呼；D. agreed同意。根据下文描述女人的语言，姿势，嗓音同上车时形成的反差，可知是改变。故选B项。
23.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的语言，她的姿势，她的声音，甚至当我和她说话时，她倾斜她的头的方式就好像一个朋友改变了。A. family家庭；B. stranger陌生人；C. friend朋友；D. teacher老师。根据上下文语境可以看出他们已经成为朋友了。故选C项。
24.考查副词词义辨析。句意：Karen下车时，她轻轻地碰了碰我的胳膊。A. unwillingly不愿意地；B. hopelessly绝望地；C. patiently耐心地；D. softly温柔地。根据上文Karen的改变，可知softly更符合语境。故选D项。25.考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：我答应我会的。A. might可能；B. could能够；C. would会；D. should应该。根据上文Karen问我第二天是否会坐公交车的回答，我答应我会的。故选C项。
26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她永远不会忘记你是怎么对待她的。A. treated对待；B. remembered记得；C. persuaded劝说；D. missed想念。根据上文可知我改变了Karen，所以应该是对待更符合语境。故选A项。27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他乘客给我竖起大拇指，以示他们的钦佩。A. humor幽默；B. politeness礼貌；C. confidence信心；D. admiration钦佩。根据上文老妇人说的话可知作者用心改变了Karen，得到了其他乘客的认可。故选D项。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天是我第一天意识到我是被需要的。A. helped帮助；B. needed需要；C. understood理解；D. respected尊重。根据上文我改变了Karen，并且得到认可，可知我是被需要的。故选B项。
29.考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们说我那天教会Karen一些东西，但实际上她给了我更多的东西。A. owed欠；B. paid支付；C. gave给予；D. lent借给。同上文People say I gave Karen something that day中的gave相呼应。故选C项。
【答案】
30. pointing 31. tasty/tasteful 32. held 33. Surprisingly 34. where 35. entertainment
36. if/whether 37. With 38. was uncovered 39. turned
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和儿子在公园里见到一只浣熊像人一样吃着三明治并给作者带来了欢乐的故事。
30.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，point与句子中的主语my son存在主动的逻辑关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，故填pointing。
31.考查形容词。分析句子可知，lunch意为“午餐”，为名词，因此需要形容词对其进行修饰，tasty意为“美味的”，tasteful也可表示为“美味的”，故填tasty/tasteful。
32.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，sandwich和hold之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此需填hold的过去分词作sandwich的后置定语，故填held。
33.考查副词。分析句子可知，副词放在句首可用于强调某一信息，修饰动词或整个句子，故填Surprisingly。34.考查关系副词。分析句子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，此句先行词为a spot意为“场所，地点”，介词from+关系副词where相当于from+地点状语，即关系副词相当于代替前面的一个介词短语，以便表达地点更加具体清晰。因此要使用where作为关系副词，故填where。
35.考查名词。分析句子可知，better为形容词比较级，因此要修饰名词，故填entertainment。
36.考查连词。分析句子可知，该句为宾语从句，if/whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”之意，常放在动词ask、see、say、know和find out后。故填if/whether。
37.考查介词。分析句子可知，浣熊是使用手指打开三明治的包装，因此可以使用with+名词，表示某种工具或手段，在句中作方式状语。故填with。
38.考查被动语态。分析句子可知，sandwich和uncover之间是被动关系，需使用被动语态，而整篇文章采用了一般过去时，因此需使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was uncovered。
39.考查动词时态。分析句子可知，and可连接两个时态及语态相同的动词，dipped为一般过去时，因此turn也需使用一般过去时，故填turned。
40【答案】
Dear Li Wei,
I’m writing to express my thanks for your helping me beat the novel coronavirus.
I am Li Hua, a senior high school student who was once a patient with the novel coronavirus infection. I still remember the days when I was received the treatment in Fangcang Hospital. I was extremely upset during those days, but you were very patient with me and tried to comfort me. Not only did you take good care of me, but also you cheered me up. It was your encouragement that helped me get through the hard time. Please accept my sincere appreciation.
Wish you all the best！
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
这是一篇提纲类写作。
第1步：根据提示可知，假定你是武汉高中生李华，曾感染了新冠病毒。在武汉方舱医院接受治疗时，心情极度沮丧，护士李薇对你精心照顾，经常与你谈心，并鼓励你。现在，你已经彻底痊愈，请给她写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 表示对李薇的感谢；2. 回顾李薇对你的帮助并再次感谢；3. 对李护士的祝愿。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：novel coronavirus (新冠病毒)；extremely (非常)；be patient with (耐心)；take good care of (仔细照顾)；sincere appreciation(诚挚感谢)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I am Li Hua, a senior high school student who was once a patient with the novel coronavirus infection.运用了定语从句；It was your encouragement that helped me get through the hard time.运用了强调句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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