专题六 冠词 习题2
一、填空
1. How about taking ________ short break I want to make ________ call.
2. Even _____ cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.
3. After _____ 4-hour flight of 500 miles, I realized fuel was now an issue and I had to find a place to land.
4. Happiness is not a station you arrive at, but _____ manner of traveling.
5. Through the training, my daughter understands _____ value of hard work and becomes more diligent.
6. From the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the Silk Road enjoyed _____ history of about 1,500 years.
7. —Have you read __________ English novel
—Yes, I have. But I really want to read it _________ second time since it's so interesting.
8. —How about __________ Christmas evening party
—I should say it was __________ success.
9. Let's go to _________ cinema and that'll take your mind off the problem for _________ while.
10. What _________ pity that you couldn't be there to receive ________ prize!
11. Those passageways, with _____ total length of 59 kilometers, enable antelopes and other animals to cross the railway freely.
12. When Mom and Dad aren't at hand, over 30% of kids would like to hear _____ bedtime story from famous people like Harry Potter star Daniel Radcliffe.
13. However, you are still not _____ adult because there are still lots of experiences that you need to have and lessons that you need to learn from these experiences.
14. "Fall" as a name for the season between summer and winter came about sometime in the 1500s, which is _____ shortened version of the very poetic phrase "the fall of leaves".
15. A company called ROLI began selling Seaboard, an electronic keyboard in 2013, which does not have _____ same white and black keys as a piano. Instead it is made from soft and rubbery materials.
二、阅读
16. In the distant past, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them on a clear night. Today, we have navigational(导航的) systems to help us find our way, the latest of which is the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS).
The BDS is entirely built by Chinese engineers. With the launch of the last satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, the global network of 59 satellites has been completed. On July 31, Beidou started providing services covering our whole planet.
It's difficult to imagine the great influence those satellites have on our daily lives. When you unlock one of Hellobike's bicycles, you are using the BDS. "The intelligent lock on each bike receives Beidou satellite signals and sends positioning information to the data center which will help collect big data on the bikes and predict users' riding needs in advance according to the data," Chu Yiqun, a manager of Hellobike mentioned. Users can also find shared bikes more accurately(精确地) thanks to Beidou's global positioning accuracy of 2.34 meters.
Beidou adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals. Obviously this function isn't designed for users to chat online. Instead, it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked.
After the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, all ground-based communication facilities were interrupted. Though the first generation of Beidou could only send 120 characters in a single message at that time, communication between affected areas and rescue(救援) centers was successful. Now, Beidou's messaging ability has been increased to 1, 200 Chinese characters in a single message. It is widely used in disaster alarms, automatic identification and information release.
As Sun Jiadong, former chief designer of the BDS said: "The application(应用) of Beidou is only limited by imagination."
1. What can we learn about the BDS from the passage
A. It was developed by Chinese and American engineers.
B. It works better on clear nights.
C. Its last satellite was launched on July 31.
D. It's able to provide global coverage for navigation.
2. Why does the author mention Hellobike in Paragraph 3
A. To stress the excellent positioning ability of the BDS.
B. To show how the BDS makes people's daily lives easier.
C. To present the advantages and disadvantages of the BDS.
D. To explain how the BDS works.
3. What is Beidou's two-way communication system designed for
A. To help people when communication signals are poor.
B. To make users' daily communication more fun.
C. To allow users to chat online more freely.
D. To collect data from users for the data center.
4. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A. Beidou may be more helpful than we know. B. Beidou inspires users' imagination.
C. Beidou needs to be further improved. D. Beidou is limited in application.
17. Earthquakes are common natural disaster. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary.
Some expert propose that when you feel the ground is shaking, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don't stay near building, trees or power lines. Many people think that in case of an earthquake, they should "get under something" like a doorway or desk, in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects.
Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do. For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquakes, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks.
So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it. This also holds true if you are in a hotel room, especially at night. Get of the bed, and lie down next to it.
In San Francisco's 1989 earthquake, the upper freeway fell on the lower one. People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were cashed bur there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue.
Doorways and stairways are very unsafe Slay away from those.
What can we do to keep ourselves safe Saying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.
1. What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage
A. Get under buildings B. Stay near trees. C. Keep calm D. Drop down
2. What can we learn from the text
A. "Get under something" can avoid being hurt
B. Right earthquake survival tips can save life.
C. Earthquakes cause great damage.
D. Don't drive on the upper freeway during an earthquake
3. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the underlined word "crushed" in Paragraph 3
A. hidden B. protected C. killed D. supported
4. How can we probably get a narrow escape from an earthquake
A. Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car
B. Lie down under a table or desk
C. Run out of the house and stay under a big tree.
D. Shout out loudly and ask for help
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：a; a
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为:短暂休息一会怎么样 我想打个电话。take a break是固定短语,意为“休息一会”;"call"是可数名词,此处指打个电话,表示泛指,且call是读音以辅音音素开头的单词,所以其前应用不定冠词a。故填a; a。
2.答案：the
解析：句意为:即使是最便宜的假期也需要旅行和其他额外的费用,这对许多家庭来说很难支付。此处考查最高级前冠词的用法,在形容词/副词最高级前应用定冠词the。故填the。
3.答案：a
解析：句意为:在用了4个小时飞行500英里后,我意识到燃料成了问题,我必须找到降落的地方。根据句意可知,此处表示“一段4小时的航行”,因此应用不定冠词,且4的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
4.答案：a
解析：a manner of...意为"一种……的方式",表示泛指,与前面的a station对应。
5.答案：the
解析：句意:通过训练,我的女儿理解了努力学习的价值,变得更加勤奋了。语境表示特指,故用定冠词the。
6.答案：a
解析：句意:从汉代到元代,丝绸之路有大约1500年的历史。a history of"……(多长时间)的历史"。
7.答案：the; a
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为:你读过这本英文小说吗 是的,我读过。但是我真的想再读一遍,因为它非常有趣。根据句意可知,第一空特指对话双方都知道的那本小说,应用定冠词the; a second time为固定短语,意为“再次”。故填the; a。
8.答案：the; a
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为:圣诞晚会怎么样 我应该说这是一次成功的晚会。根据句意可知,第一空特指双方都知道的圣诞晚会,所以其前应用定冠词the; success在此处意为“成功的人或事”,是可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词a。故填the; a。
9.答案：the; a
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为:我们去看电影吧,这会暂时让你暂时忘掉这个问题。 go to the cinema是固定短语,意为“去看电影”; for a while是固定短语,意为“一会儿”。故填the; a。
10.答案：a； the
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意：真遗憾，你不能去那里领奖了。pity在句中意为“遗憾的事”， what a pity意为“真可惜，真遗憾”，是一个感叹句；第二空指双方都知道的那个奖，表
示特指，所以其前应用定冠词。故填a； the。
11.答案：a
解析：句意:这些通道总长59公里,能让羚羊和其他动物自由穿越铁路。a total of“总共……”。
12.答案：a
解析：story是可数名词,在句中不能单独使用,此处泛指"一个睡前故事", bedtime的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。
13.答案：an
解析：句意为:然而,你仍然不是成年人,因为你仍然有很多经历需要体验并且需要从这些经历中吸取教训。分析句子成分可知,此处须用冠词修饰名词adult,表泛指,且adult的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
14.答案：a
解析：句意:"Fall"作为夏冬之间的季节名称出现在16世纪的某个时候,是非常诗意的短语"the fall of leaves"的缩写。根据语境判断,表示泛指概念用不定冠词a。
15.答案：the
解析：same前总要用定冠词the修饰。
二、阅读
16.答案：1-4 DBAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...the global network of 55 satellites has been completed. On July 31, Beidou started providing services covering our whole planet.(……北斗系统的全球55颗卫星网络已经完成,北斗系统于7月31日开始提供覆盖全球的服务)”可知,北斗系统能够提供全球范围的导航服务。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When you unlock one of Hellobike's bicycles, you are using the BDS.(当你解锁一辆哈啰单车时,你就在使用北斗系统)”和“Users can also find shared bikes more accurately thanks to Beidou's global positioning accuracy of 2. 34 meters.(由于北斗全球卫星定位精度可达到2.34米,用户还可以更准确地找到共享自行车)”可知,作者是以哈啰单车为例说明北斗系统对人们日常生活的影响,以及如何让人们的日常生活更轻松。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Beidou adopts a unique two- way communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals.(北斗系统采用独特的双向通信系统,能够接收来自通信信号较差地区的人们发送的信息)”和“...it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked.(……当灾难发生、通讯中断时,它就会发挥作用)”可知,北斗双向通信系统是为了在通信信号不好或者信号中断时帮助人们。
4.句意理解题。最后一段中前首席设计师孙家栋说“The application of Beidou is only limited by imagination.(北斗的应用只受到想象力的限制)”,即北斗系统还有更多其他的应用,是人们还没有想象到的,也就是说北斗系统对我们的帮助可能比我们知道的更多。
17.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.题干的意思是”当事件发生时我们首先应该做什么 “。A项是”到建筑的底下“;B项是”待在树的旁边“;C项是"保持冷静”;D项是“落下";根据文章最后一段中"Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.(在灾难发生时,保持冷静才是最重要的。)"可知,在灾难发生时,保持冷静才是最重要的。所以应该选C。
2.题干的意思是”我们能够从文章中学到什么”。A项是“在一些东西的底下能够避免伤害“,根据文章第二段最后一句可知"躲在一些东西的底下可以避免掉落的东西伤害到自己。”并不是可以完全的避免伤害,所以A项错误;B项时“正确的地震自救方法能够救我们的生命。”和本文所讲的在地震中生存下来的一些建议和救援方法一致,所以B项正确;C项是“地震造成了巨大的破坏。"这个选项本身没有错误,但是与文章中心不符。本文主要讲地震时的救援方法,并不是地震的巨大破坏;D项是”地震期间不要在高速公路上驾驶。"此观点是片面的,也是不符合实际的。根据文章,地震期间要运送物资需要在高速公路上驾驶的,所以此选项也是错误的;综上,应该选B。
3.题干的意思是”哪个选项最接近文章第三段划线单词的意思。“A项是”躲藏“;B项是”保护“;C项是”杀死“;D项是”支持“;文章中划线单词是crush,根据第三段中”However,they could have survived by lying in the aisle next to their desks.(然而,他们如果躺在课桌旁边的过道的话,本可能幸存的。)"可知,他们如果躺在课桌旁边的过道的话,本可能幸存的。那么实际上是被课桌压死了。所以应该选C项最接近文章的意思,即答案是C。
4.题干的意思是”我们怎样能从地震中逃脱 ”。A项是”躺在坚实的家具或者一辆车的底下“。根据第二段到第五段可知,躺在足够结实的家具或者一辆车的底下是应对地震的好方法。“所以应该选A;B项是”躺在一个桌子或课桌底下。“不符合题意,所以B错误;C项是”跑出房子待在一棵树的底下。“这个观点也是错误的,树并不能帮助我们防范危险,所以C也是错误的;D项是”大喊寻求帮助。“地震时我们来不及等到救援,大喊也不能帮助我们躲避危险,我们要做的是采取行动,所以D也是错误的;综上,应该选A。(共52张PPT)
专题六 冠词
★ 不定冠词的基本用法
1. 用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前，表泛指。
例：At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car pars.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。
2. 泛指一类人或事物或指同类中的“一个”。
例：Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
一、不定冠词
★ 不定冠词的基本用法
3. 表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。
例：Prices start at 13.95 a yard for printed cotton.
印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。
4. 表示数量“一”（强调时用one）或“任何一个”。
例：Suddenly, there was a loud bang.
突然间嘭的一声巨响。
一、不定冠词
★ 不定冠词的基本用法
5. 表示“某一个”，相当于 a certain。
例：There is a Mr. Tom Wilkins on the phone.
有位汤姆·威尔金斯先生打电话来。
6. 表示“同一，相同”，相当于 the same。
例：They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of color.
他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同色的衣服。
一、不定冠词
★ 不定冠词的基本用法
▲特别提醒
（1）hour, honest, honor等词的拼写虽以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此前面要用an。
（2）useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，因此，前面要用a。
一、不定冠词
★ 不定冠词的基本用法
▲特别提醒
（3）如果名词被副词hardly, scarcely, barely, exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，不定冠词要放在上述副词之后，形容词之前。
例：This is hardly a right thing to do.
这不是一件正确的事。
一、不定冠词
7. 用在一些固定短语中
一、不定冠词
have a cold 患感冒
have a god time 玩得高兴
have a gift for... 有……的天赋
have a word with... 与……谈话
have/ take a rest 休息下
have a holiday 度假
make a living 谋生
7. 用在一些固定短语中
一、不定冠词
get a lift/ ride 搭便车
go on a diet 节食
as a result 因此
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a rule 通常，照例
after a while 一会儿后
in a hurry 匆忙
7. 用在一些固定短语中
一、不定冠词
in a sense 在某种意义上
in a word 总之
in a moment 一会儿
once in a while 偶尔
at a loss 困惑，不知所措
at a distance 离……一段距离
for a while 暂时，一会儿
once upon a time 从前
7. 用在一些固定短语中
一、不定冠词
all of a sudden 突然
a waste of… 浪费……
a matter of ... ……问题
have a population... 有……人口
have a history of... 有……的历史
a collection of… 一批……
have a knowledge of (= know) 知道
have an understanding of (= understand) 了解
练习
1. We're trying to think of ________ way out to solve the problem, but it's quite difficult to find one.
解析：该空泛指一种解决问题的方法，用不定冠词a。
2. He went to hospital to attend his sick father three times ________ week.
解析：句意：他每周三次去医院照顾他生病的父亲。a在句中表示“每一；一”的概念。
a
a
练习
3. Michael Kemeter, ________ Austrian climber, climbed a skyscraper in Changsha on September 15 this year.
解析：句意：迈克尔·凯米特，一个奥地利的攀登者，于今年9月15日爬上了长沙的一座摩天大楼。该空泛指一名攀登者，且Austrian的首字母发音为元音音素，故用不定冠词an。
an
练习
4. All of ________ sudden some passengers on board let out screams, running upstairs like crazy.
解析：句意：突然，一些在甲板上的乘客发出尖叫声，疯狂地跑上楼梯。all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然”。
5. Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better. I think it's really ________ most interesting one.
解析：该空泛指一首非常有趣的诗。a most相当于a very，表示“非常”之意。
a
a
★ 定冠词的基本用法
1. 用在表示特指的人或物的名词前。
例：The book on the desk is mine.
书桌上的那本书是我的。
2. 用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。
例：The Chens are going to move to Beijing.
姓陈的一家要搬到北京去。
二、定冠词
★ 定冠词的基本用法
3. 用在世纪、年代、朝代名词前或用在表示方位的名词前。
the Tang dynasty 唐朝
the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期
in the 1990's/ 1990s 在20世纪90年代
the south 南方/ 部
二、定冠词
★ 定冠词的基本用法
4. 用在表度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如by the hour/ day/ week/ month/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo，但是size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词，如by weight。
例：We got paid by the month.
我们按月计酬。
Meat is sold by weight.
肉按重量出售。
二、定冠词
★ 定冠词的基本用法
5. “the+形容词或分词”有时也可表类指。
例：the wounded 伤员
the dying 垂死之人
the unknown 未知的事物
the deaf 耳聋的人
二、定冠词
★ 定冠词的基本用法
6. “动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某部”结构中的the不可用物主代词代替。此外，在be red in the face（脸红），be lame in the right leg（右腿瘸），be blind in the left eye（左眼失明）等结构中，名词前也要用the。
例：An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.
一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。
二、定冠词
★ 定冠词的基本用法
7. 用于江河海洋、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。
例：The Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese culture.
黄河是中华文化的摇篮。
The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery.
西湖以其美景著称。
8. 用于含普通名词的国家、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等名称前。
例：I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到长城的情景。
二、定冠词
★ 定冠词的基本用法
9. 用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。
注意：当两者进行比较时，在比较级前加定冠词起到特指作用，表示“两者中较……的一方”。
例：He was the first to speak against slavery.
他是第一个发表演说反对奴隶制的人。
He is the better of the two.
他是两者中较好的那个。
二、定冠词
★ 定冠词的基本用法
10. 用于西方乐器前。
例：play the piano/ violin/ guitar 弹钢琴/ 拉小提琴/ 弹吉他
11. 用在same, very, only前构成“the same/ very/ only +名词”结构。
例：He is the very person (=just the person) I am looking for.
他正是我在找的人。
He is the only poet in this country that deserves the name.
他是这个国家唯一一位名副其实的诗人。
二、定冠词
12. 用在一些固定短语中
二、定冠词
in the countryside 在乡下
in the end 最后，终于
in（the）daytime 在白天
in the habit of 习惯于
make the most of 充分利用
in the distance 在远处
in the way 挡路
12. 用在一些固定短语中
二、定冠词
on the whole 总的说来
on the right/ left 在右/ 左边
at the moment 此刻
for the time being 暂时
in the meantime 同时
at the end of ……的尽头
in the playground 在操场上
12. 用在一些固定短语中
二、定冠词
go to the doctor's 去看医生
by the way 顺便提一下
the other day 前几天
on the radio/ phone 通过无线电广播/ 电话
on the spot 在现场，当场，当下
to tell (you) the truth 说实话，老实说
go to the cinema 去看电影
12. 用在一些固定短语中
二、定冠词
not in the least (=not at all) 一点也不
on the one hand…on the other hand... 一方面……，另一方面……
for the most part 通常，多半
all the time 一直
特别提醒：
1. 定冠词通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等词之后。
2. 定冠词要放在half, twice, much之后。
练习
1. She removed ________ hat she was wearing when talking to people.
解析：hat被定语从句she was wearing所修饰，表示特指，所以用定冠词the。
2. With the world watching, Kate gave birth to a baby boy on ________ afternoon of July 22.
解析：句意：在全世界的关注下，凯特在7月22日下午生了一个男孩儿。特指某一天的下午，用定冠词the。
the
the
练习
3. This is ________ most moving scene I have ever seen in my life.
解析：句意：这是我一生中见过的最感人的场景。形容词最高级前面需要用定冠词the。
4. In a week or so, I'll be among ________ unemployed, I'm afraid.
解析：句意：恐怕大约一周以后，我也会失业。the unemployed意为“失业者”。“the+形容词”表示一类人。
the
the
练习
5. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java.
解析：句意：据说马可·波罗去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河等专有名词前要用定冠词the。
the
★ 零冠词的基本用法
1. 不可数名词，复数名词表泛指用零冠词。
例：My father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.
我父亲去了他的医生那里寻求关于他的心脏病的建议。
He likes to read novels.
他喜欢读小说。
三、零冠词
★ 零冠词的基本用法
2. 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等限定词时不再用冠词。
例：She is not my type of woman.
她不是我心目中的那类女人。
He went to some place in France.
他到法国某地去了。
Each student must hand in his exercise book.
每个学生必须上交他的作业本。
三、零冠词
★ 零冠词的基本用法
▲ 3. 零冠词的用法口诀：月份、季节、日期、星期、称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、棋类、学科名词前。
但以上用法是相对而言的，在不同的句子中，可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词。因此，用哪种冠词要视情况而定。
三、零冠词
例：A year can be divided into four seasons—spring, summer, autumn and winter.
一年可以分为四个季节——春、夏、秋、冬。
Mr. Li is chairman of the meeting.
李先生是本次会议的主席。
The organization was founded in the spring of (the year) 2010.
这个组织是在2010年的春天成立的。
三、零冠词
★ 零冠词的基本用法
4. 英语中常见的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space（太空）, advice, progress, information, news, luck, wealth（财产）等。以上不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用。
例：Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.
除了星星，那个宇航员只看见了太空。
三、零冠词
★ 零冠词的基本用法
5. 系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语用零冠词。
例：Has he turned scientist
他成为科学家了吗？
6. “零冠词+单数名词+as though+主语+谓语+主句”，意为“虽然/ 尽管……，但是……”
例：Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.
他虽然是英雄，但是也有一些缺点。
三、零冠词
7. 用在一些固定短语中
at college 在上大学
at dark 天黑时
at dinner 在吃饭
at home 在家里
at peace 处于和平状态
in addition 另外
三、零冠词
7. 用在一些固定短语中
in advance 预先
in good condition 情况良好
in good order 有条不紊
lose weight 减肥
on business 因公出差
pay attention to 注意
三、零冠词
练习
1. Exploring ________ space is exciting, yet dangerous.
解析：space意为“太空”时是抽象名词，其前不用冠词。
2. All the fellow workers were shocked by the news that Bob was appointed ________ director of the factory.
解析：句意：所有工友对于鲍勃被升为工厂主任的这一消息感到很震惊。表职位或官衔的名词作补语时，前面不用任何冠词。
/
/
练习
3. You'd better go abroad by ________ plane so as to get there earlier.
解析：表示交通工具的名词与by连用时，名词前不用冠词。
4. The old man usually goes for a walk after ______ supper.
解析：泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。
/
/
练习
5. Apple is sold by _________ weight and coal is sold by the ton.
解析：the常用于表时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/ day/ week/ month/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo，但是size/ weight/ time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。
/
1. 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如：sun, moon, earth, universe, world 等，常与定冠词连用，但该名词前有形容词修饰时，可以与不定冠词连用。
例：The moon travels around the earth.
月亮围着地球转。
A bright moon is hanging in the sky.
一轮明月正悬挂在空中。
四、冠词的活用
1. 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如：sun, moon, earth, universe, world 等，常与定冠词连用，但该名词前有形容词修饰时，可以与不定冠词连用。
We have friends all over the world.
我们的朋友遍天下。
We are building a new world.
我们正在建立一个新世界。
四、冠词的活用
2. “the+形容词最高级”表示比较，意为最……的；“a/ an+形容词最高级”无比较含义。
例：It is the most useful dictionary.
它是最有用的词典。
It is a most useful dictionary. (most = very)
它是一本非常有用的词典。
四、冠词的活用
3. “the+序数词”表示次序；“a/ an+序数词”不表示与其他人或物排序，而表示“又一，再一”
例：It is the second time that he has visited the city.
这是他第二次参观这座城市。（表示次序）
Can you give me a second chance (a second = another)
你能再给我一次机会吗？
四、冠词的活用
at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
at school 上学
at the school 在学校
by day 白天
by the day 按日计算
go to bed 上床睡觉（侧重活动）
go to the bed 朝床边走去（侧重地点）
▲ 五、有无冠词意义迥异的情况
go to church 做礼拜（侧重活动）
go to the church 去教堂（侧重地点）
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院
in charge of 掌管
in the charge of 由……掌管
in place of 取代
in the place of 在……的位置上
▲ 五、有无冠词意义迥异的情况
in office 执政
in the office 在办公室内
in possession of 占有
in the possession of 被……占有
leave school 辍学
leave the school 离开学校
▲ 五、有无冠词意义迥异的情况
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能
two of us 我们中的两个
the two of us 我们两个
in front of... （外部）的前面
in the front of.... （内部）的前部
▲ 五、有无冠词意义迥异的情况
练习
1. ________ poor are against the plan, but ________ rich are for it.
解析：句意：穷人反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。“the+形容词”表示一类人或物。
2. Mary can play ________ violin well, but she can't play ________ piano.
解析：句意：玛丽小提琴能拉得好，但她不会弹钢琴。表示乐器的名词与play连用时，名词前应用定冠词the。
The
the
the
the
练习
3. There was ________ chair by the window. On ________ chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
解析：句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a; 第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定冠词the。
a
the
练习
4. We have no classes on ________ Sunday, so we often go to play ________ football.
解析：句意：我们星期日不上课，因此我们经常去踢足球。在表示星期、球类、三餐、学科、语言、季节等词前通常不用冠词。
/
/
练习
5. As a teacher, Monica is ________ success, but as a singer, she is ________ failure.
解析：句意：作为一位老师，莫妮卡是一个成功者，而作为一名歌手，她却是一个失败者。抽象名词success和failure在此指具体的人或事物(即抽象名词具体化)，前面应加不定冠词a。
a
a专题六 冠词 讲义
一、不定冠词
★ 不定冠词的基本用法
1. 用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前，表泛指。
例：At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car pars.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。
2. 泛指一类人或事物或指同类中的“一个”。
例：Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
3. 表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。
例：Prices start at 13.95 a yard for printed cotton.
印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。
4. 表示数量“一”（强调时用one）或“任何一个”。
例：Suddenly, there was a loud bang.
突然间嘭的一声巨响。
5. 表示“某一个”，相当于 a certain。
例：There is a Mr. Tom Wilkins on the phone.
有位汤姆·威尔金斯先生打电话来。
6. 表示“同一，相同”，相当于 the same。
例：They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of color.
他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同色的衣服。
▲ 特别提醒
（1）hour, honest, honor等词的拼写虽以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此前面要用an。
（2）useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，因此，前面要用a。
（3）如果名词被副词hardly, scarcely, barely, exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，不定冠词要放在上述副词之后，形容词之前。
例：This is hardly a right thing to do.
这不是一件正确的事。
7. 用在一些固定短语中
have a cold 患感冒
have a god time 玩得高兴
have a gift for... 有……的天赋
have a word with... 与……谈话
have/ take a rest 休息下
have a holiday 度假
make a living 谋生
get a lift/ ride 搭便车
go on a diet 节食
as a result 因此
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a rule 通常，照例
after a while 一会儿后
in a hurry 匆忙
in a sense 在某种意义上
in a word 总之
in a moment 一会儿
once in a while 偶尔
at a loss 困惑，不知所措
at a distance 离……一段距离
for a while 暂时，一会儿
once upon a time 从前
all of a sudden 突然
a waste of… 浪费……
a matter of ... ……问题
have a population... 有……人口
have a history of... 有……的历史
a collection of… 一批……
have a knowledge of (= know) 知道
have an understanding of (= understand) 了解
练习：
1. We're trying to think of ________ way out to solve the problem, but it's quite difficult to find one.
2. He went to hospital to attend his sick father three times ________ week.
3. Michael Kemeter, ________ Austrian climber, climbed a skyscraper in Changsha on September 15 this year.
4. All of ________ sudden some passengers on board let out screams, running upstairs like crazy.
5. Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better. I think it's really ________ most interesting one.
答案：
1. 答案：a
解析：该空泛指一种解决问题的方法，用不定冠词a。
2. 答案：a
解析：句意：他每周三次去医院照顾他生病的父亲。a在句中表示“每一；一”的概念。
3. 答案：an
解析：句意：迈克尔·凯米特，一个奥地利的攀登者，于今年9月15日爬上了长沙的一座摩天大楼。该空泛指一名攀登者，且Austrian的首字母发音为元音音素，故用不定冠词an。
4. 答案：a
解析：句意：突然，一些在甲板上的乘客发出尖叫声，疯狂地跑上楼梯。all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然”。
5. 答案：a
解析：该空泛指一首非常有趣的诗。a most相当于a very，表示“非常”之意。
二、定冠词
★ 定冠词的基本用法
1. 用在表示特指的人或物的名词前。
例：The book on the desk is mine.
书桌上的那本书是我的。
2. 用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。
例：The Chens are going to move to Beijing.
姓陈的一家要搬到北京去。
3. 用在世纪、年代、朝代名词前或用在表示方位的名词前。
the Tang dynasty 唐朝
the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期
in the 1990's/ 1990s 在20世纪90年代
the south 南方/ 部
4. 用在表度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如by the hour/ day/ week/ month/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo，但是size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词，如by weight。
例：We got paid by the month.
我们按月计酬。
Meat is sold by weight.
肉按重量出售。
5. “the+形容词或分词”有时也可表类指。
例：the wounded 伤员
the dying 垂死之人
the unknown 未知的事物
the deaf 耳聋的人
6. “动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某部”结构中的the不可用物主代词代替。此外，在be red in the face（脸红），be lame in the right leg（右腿瘸），be blind in the left eye（左眼失明）等结构中，名词前也要用the。
例：An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.
一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。
7. 用于江河海洋、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。
例：The Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese culture.
黄河是中华文化的摇篮。
The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery.
西湖以其美景著称。
8. 用于含普通名词的国家、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等名称前。
例：I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到长城的情景。
9. 用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。注意：当两者进行比较时，在比较级前加定冠词起到特指作用，表示“两者中较……的一方”。
例：He was the first to speak against slavery.
他是第一个发表演说反对奴隶制的人。
He is the better of the two.
他是两者中较好的那个。
10. 用于西方乐器前。
例：play the piano/ violin/ guitar 弹钢琴/ 拉小提琴/ 弹吉他
11. 用在same, very, only前构成“the same/ very/ only +名词”结构。
例：He is the very person (=just the person) I am looking for.
他正是我在找的人。
He is the only poet in this country that deserves the name.
他是这个国家唯一一位名副其实的诗人。
12. 用在一些固定短语中
in the countryside 在乡下
in the end 最后，终于
in（the）daytime 在白天
in the habit of 习惯于
make the most of 充分利用
in the distance 在远处
in the way 挡路
on the whole 总的说来
on the right/ left 在右/ 左边
at the moment 此刻
for the time being 暂时
in the meantime 同时
at the end of ……的尽头
in the playground 在操场上
go to the doctor's 去看医生
by the way 顺便提一下
the other day 前几天
on the radio/ phone 通过无线电广播/ 电话
on the spot 在现场，当场，当下
to tell (you) the truth 说实话，老实说
go to the cinema 去看电影
not in the least (=not at all) 一点也不
on the one hand…on the other hand... 一方面……，另一方面……
for the most part 通常，多半
all the time 一直
特别提醒：
1. 定冠词通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等词之后。
2. 定冠词要放在half, twice, much之后。
练习：
1. She removed ________ hat she was wearing when talking to people.
2. With the world watching, Kate gave birth to a baby boy on ________ afternoon of July 22.
3. This is ________ most moving scene I have ever seen in my life.
4. In a week or so, I'll be among ________ unemployed, I'm afraid.
5. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java.
答案：
1. 答案：the
解析：hat被定语从句she was wearing所修饰，表示特指，所以用定冠词the。
2. 答案：the
解析：句意：在全世界的关注下，凯特在7月22日下午生了一个男孩儿。特指某一天的下午，用定冠词the。
3. 答案：the
解析：句意：这是我一生中见过的最感人的场景。形容词最高级前面需要用定冠词the。
4. 答案：the
解析：句意：恐怕大约一周以后，我也会失业。the unemployed意为“失业者”。“the+形容词”表示一类人。
5. 答案：the
解析：句意：据说马可·波罗去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河等专有名词前要用定冠词the。
三、零冠词
★ 零冠词的基本用法
1. 不可数名词，复数名词表泛指用零冠词。
例：My father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.
我父亲去了他的医生那里寻求关于他的心脏病的建议。
He likes to read novels.
他喜欢读小说。
2. 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等限定词时不再用冠词。
例：She is not my type of woman.
她不是我心目中的那类女人。
He went to some place in France.
他到法国某地去了。
Each student must hand in his exercise book.
每个学生必须上交他的作业本。
▲ 3. 零冠词的用法口诀：月份、季节、日期、星期、称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、棋类、学科名词前。
但以上用法是相对而言的，在不同的句子中，可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词。因此，用哪种冠词要视情况而定。
例：A year can be divided into four seasons—spring, summer, autumn and winter.
一年可以分为四个季节——春、夏、秋、冬。
Mr. Li is chairman of the meeting.
李先生是本次会议的主席。
The organization was founded in the spring of (the year) 2010.
这个组织是在2010年的春天成立的。
4. 英语中常见的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space（太空）, advice, progress, information, news, luck, wealth（财产）等。以上不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用。
例：Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.
除了星星，那个宇航员只看见了太空。
5. 系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语用零冠词。
例：Has he turned scientist
他成为科学家了吗？
6. “零冠词+单数名词+as though+主语+谓语+主句”，意为“虽然/ 尽管……，但是……”
例：Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.
他虽然是英雄，但是也有一些缺点。
7. 用在一些固定短语中
at college 在上大学
at dark 天黑时
at dinner 在吃饭
at home 在家里
at peace 处于和平状态
in addition 另外
in advance 预先
in good condition 情况良好
in good order 有条不紊
lose weight 减肥
on business 因公出差
pay attention to 注意
练习：
1. Exploring ________ space is exciting, yet dangerous.
2. All the fellow workers were shocked by the news that Bob was appointed ________ director of the factory.
3. You'd better go abroad by ________ plane so as to get there earlier.
4. The old man usually goes for a walk after ________ supper.
5. Apple is sold by _________ weight and coal is sold by the ton.
答案：
1. 答案 /
解析：space意为“太空”时是抽象名词，其前不用冠词。
2. 答案 /
解析：句意：所有工友对于鲍勃被升为工厂主任的这一消息感到很震惊。表职位或官衔的名词作补语时，前面不用任何冠词。
3. 答案 /
解析：表示交通工具的名词与by连用时，名词前不用冠词。
4. 答案 /
解析：泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。
5. 答案 /
解析：the常用于表时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/ day/ week/ month/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo，但是size/ weight/ time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。
四、冠词的活用
1. 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如：sun, moon, earth, universe, world 等，常与定冠词连用，但该名词前有形容词修饰时，可以与不定冠词连用。
例：The moon travels around the earth.
月亮围着地球转。
A bright moon is hanging in the sky.
一轮明月正悬挂在空中。
We have friends all over the world.
我们的朋友遍天下。
We are building a new world.
我们正在建立一个新世界。
2. “the+形容词最高级”表示比较，意为最……的；“a/ an+形容词最高级”无比较含义。
例：It is the most useful dictionary.
它是最有用的词典。
It is a most useful dictionary. (most = very)
它是一本非常有用的词典。
3. “the+序数词”表示次序；“a/ an+序数词”不表示与其他人或物排序，而表示“又一，再一”
例：It is the second time that he has visited the city.
这是他第二次参观这座城市。（表示次序）
Can you give me a second chance (a second = another)
你能再给我一次机会吗？
▲ 五、有无冠词意义迥异的情况
at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
at school 上学
at the school 在学校
by day 白天
by the day 按日计算
go to bed 上床睡觉（侧重活动）
go to the bed 朝床边走去（侧重地点）
go to church 做礼拜（侧重活动）
go to the church 去教堂（侧重地点）
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院
in charge of 掌管
in the charge of 由……掌管
in place of 取代
in the place of 在……的位置上
in office 执政
in the office 在办公室内
in possession of 占有
in the possession of 被……占有
leave school 辍学
leave the school 离开学校
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能
two of us 我们中的两个
the two of us 我们两个
in front of... （外部）的前面
in the front of.... （内部）的前部
练习：
1. ________ poor are against the plan, but ________ rich are for it.
2. Mary can play ________ violin well, but she can't play ________ piano.
3. There was ________ chair by the window. On ________ chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
4. We have no classes on ________ Sunday, so we often go to play ________ football.
5. As a teacher, Monica is ________ success, but as a singer, she is ________ failure.
答案：
1. 答案 The; the
解析：句意：穷人反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。“the+形容词”表示一类人或物。
2. 答案 the; the
解析：句意：玛丽小提琴能拉得好，但她不会弹钢琴。表示乐器的名词与play连用时，名词前应用定冠词the。
3. 答案 a; the
解析：句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a; 第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定冠词the。
4. 答案 /; /
解析：句意：我们星期日不上课，因此我们经常去踢足球。在表示星期、球类、三餐、学科、语言、季节等词前通常不用冠词。
5. 答案 a; a
解析：句意：作为一位老师，莫妮卡是一个成功者，而作为一名歌手，她却是一个失败者。抽象名词success和failure在此指具体的人或事物(即抽象名词具体化)，前面应加不定冠词a。专题六 冠词 习题1
一、填空
1. It describes the struggles and dreams of a family in San Francisco in _____ early 1900s.
2. One of the best ways to learn _____ idiom is by looking at the context in which it is used.
3. The visiting professor is very good except that he speaks English with _____ strong Japanese accent.
4. When you finish reading the book, you will have _________ better understanding of life.
5. _________ more exercises you do, the greater progress you'll make.
6. Everything comes with __________ price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.
7. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off __________ price.
8. Spending another year on what they have learned is obviously ________ waste of time and money for those students.
9. Just then I saw his cup of tea which had been lying there for _____ last ten minutes, untouched.
10. Every year, people around the world purchase roughly 526 billion bottles, and that number is on _____ increase.
11. Without _____ second thought, the old man stepped inside and held out a broken basket with several apples from his own apple tree.
12. First, you should take _____ active part in the discussions and show your own opinions about the matters.
13. She didn't like the colors of the two bags and asked for _____ third one.
14. The concert was such _____ success that it was expected to run for the second night.
15. Few of us can avoid _____ frustrations and challenges of daily life—family problems, conflicts at work, illness, stress.
二、阅读
16. Asia's architectural treasures, from a Buddhist monastery in Afghanistan to an ancient city in China, are under threat due to economic development, poor technical resources, war and tourism, according to experts.
The Global Heritage Fund named 10 sites facing the loss and destruction impossible to recover. "These 10 sites represent only a small part of the endangered treasures across Asia and the rest of the developing world," Jeff Morgan, executive director of the fund, said.
"We're looking at these millennial(千年的) civilizations leaping into the 21st century at a kind of pace that is unheard of," said Vishakha N. Desai, president of the Asia Society, which hosted a conference based on the report. He mentioned the pressures of rapidly modernizing Asia on the architectural treasures.
Kuanghan Li, head of Global Heritage Fund's China program, underlined the importance in a presentation on work to preserve Pingyao, one of China's last surviving walled cities. But "Up to 20 years ago, there were hundreds of similar walled cities left in China." She said, "The majority of them have been destroyed.
Experts said that global architectural preservation efforts are poorly balanced and targeted, with the UN cultural body UNESCO focusing almost entirely on sites in already rich European countries, rather than in places like Latin America or Asia. More than 80 percent of UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in the 10 richest states, the Global Heritage Fund said.
Elsewhere, "Heritage is being undervalued," Morgan said, warning that the endangered sites were sure to vanish without quick help. "We're going to lose them on our watch in the next 10 years."
1. According to Jeff Morgan, UNESCO should __________.
A. take effective measures to stop wars
B. attempt to strengthen global cooperation
C. pay equal attention to Asia's heritage protection
D. establish a clear goal of architectural preservation efforts
2. What is the author's purpose of mentioning Pingyao in Paragraph 4
A. To praise the efforts by the Global Heritage Fund.
B. To explain China's process of heritage preservation.
C. To show China's unique role in protecting the world heritage.
D. To stress the necessity of immediate action on heritage protection.
3. What does the underlined word "vanish" in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A. Disappear. B. Survive. C. Remove. D. Recover.
4. What is the best title of the passage
A. Asia's Relics in Ruins: Keeping Balance between Progress and Protection
B. Asia's Heritage in Danger; Saving Disappearing Architectural Treasures
C. World's Civilization Progress under Pressure: Making Global Efforts
D. World's Resources under Threat: Raising Awareness of Preservation
17. Foldable phones are once again facing questions about their durability. The Galaxy Z Flip and the Motorola Razr are now both available to buy in the US — but early reports suggest the screens are easily damaged. The Galaxy Z flip boasts a "flexible glass" display — but tests appear to show it scratching as easily as plastic.
In a statement, Samsung said the display had a protective layer, and had undergone extensive testing. "While the display does bend, it should be handled with care," it said.
The Z Flip's "pretty thin glass" is one of Samsung's primary marketing messages for the new phone. But a durability test made by popular Zack Nelson, a regular buyer, suggested it was no more durable than a soft plastic screen — and could even be dented by a fingernail.
Nelson said Samsung's screen scratched exactly how a plastic screen would react. "I don't know what material this is, but Samsung definitely shouldn't be calling it glass," he said. He found that the screen of the Motorola Razr scratched as easily but it is not marketed as "glass".
The Motorola Razr was put on sale 13 days ago in the US, but Raymond Wong, an editor says the flexible screen on his handset has already broken. The upper layer of the Razr's screen separated from the bottom, creating "a giant horizontal air bubble" for no apparent reason.
1. What attitude do the buyers have to the quality of Galaxy Z Flip and Razr
A. Worried. B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Unconcerned.
2. What is the outstanding feature of the Z Flip by Samsung
A. Low price.
B. Portable style.
C. Protective function.
D. Extremely thin screen.
3. Why does Nelson complain about Samsung
A. He is angry at its post-sale service.
B. He is strict in its screen materials.
C. He is unsatisfied with its inexact statement.
D. He is disappointed at its unfair competition.
4. What is the best title of the text
A. Cheat always exists in business
B. Disadvantages of two kinds of phones
C. Foldable phones may not be all that great
D. Different brands have their special features Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意: 它描述了二十世纪早期生活在旧金山的一个家庭的奋斗和梦想。in the early 1900s为固定表达, 意为"在20世纪早期"。故用定冠词the。
2.答案：an
解析：句意为:学习习语最好的方法之一就是看它使用的语境。idiom是可数名词,此处是泛指一个习语,其前应用不定冠词, idiom发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
3.答案：a
解析：句意为:这位客座教授很好,除了他的英语带着浓重的日本口音这一点。accent是可数名词,此处泛指日本口音,其前应用不定冠词。故填a。
4.答案：a
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为:当你看完这本书时,你会对生活有一个更好的了解。have an understanding of是固定短语,意为“对……有所了解”。故填a。
5.答案：The
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为:你做的练习越多,你取得的进步就越大。the +比较级...the +比较级...是固定用法,意为“越……就越……”。故填The。注意首字母大写。
6.答案：a
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为：凡事都有代价；世界上没有免费的午餐。price在此处意为“代价”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且price是读音以辅音音素开头的单词，所以其前应用不定冠词a。故填a。
7.答案：the
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为：如果你买超过十个，他们就会把价格降低20便士。根据句意可知，此处特指买十几个物品的价钱，应用定冠词the。故填the。
8.答案：a
解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为:对那些学生来说,再花一年时间学习他们学过的东西显然是在浪费时间和金钱。a waste of是固定搭配,意为“浪费”。故填a。
9.答案：the
解析：句意为:就在那时,我看到他那杯已经在那儿放了十分钟的茶,没有动过。此处表示特指,指刚过去的十分钟。故填the。
10.答案：the
解析：句意为:每年,全世界的人大约购买5,260亿瓶,而且这个数字还在增加。此处考查固定搭配be on the increase,意为"在增加"。故填the。
11.答案：a
解析：句意为:老人不假思索地走了进去,递出一个破篮子,里面装着从他自己(种的)苹果树上摘的几个苹果。此处考查固定搭配without a second thought,意为"不假思索地;对……不加考虑"。故填a。
12.答案：an
解析：句意为:首先,你应该积极参与讨论,表达你对事情的看法。take an active part in...为固定短语,意为"积极参加……",故填an。
13.答案：a
解析：句意为:她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。序数词前面加不定冠词a/ an表示"再一,又一"。third的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
14.答案：a
解析：句意为:音乐会如此成功,以至于大家期望它能再举行一晚。success在此句中泛指一件成功的事,故其前要加不定冠词a。
15.答案：the
解析：句意为:我们当中很少有人能避免日常生活中令人沮丧的事和挑战——家庭问题、工作中的冲突、疾病、压力。根据句意可知,此处特指日常生活中令人沮丧的事和挑战。故填the。
二、阅读
16.答案：1-4.CDAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第五段"Experts said that global architectural preservation efforts are poorly balanced and targeted, with the UN cultural body UNESCO focusing almost entirely on sites in already rich European countries, rather than in places like Latin America or Asia. More than 80 percent of UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in the 10 richest states, the Global Heritage Fund said."可知,全球建筑保护工作缺乏平等性,因此摩根认为,联合国教科文组织应该同样重视亚洲的建筑遗产保护。故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Kuanghan Li, head of Global Heritage Fund's China program, underlined the importance in a presentation on work to preserve Pingyao, one of China's last surviving walled cities. But 'Up to 20 years ago, there were hundreds of similar walled cities left in China.'"可知,像平遥这样的古城墙正在迅速消失,因此提到平遥是为了强调在遗产保护上采取即时行动的必要性。故选D项。
3.词义猜测题。根据第六段中的"We're going to lose them on our watch in the next 10 years."可知,画线词词义应与lose相近,即:濒危的建筑遗产在没有即时保护的情况下确定会“消失”。故选A项。
4.标题判断题。根据第一段"Asia's architectural treasures, from a Buddhist monastery in Afghanistan to an ancient city in China, are under threat due to economic development, poor technical resources, war and tourism, according to experts.以及最后一段中的"'Heritage is being undervalued,' Morgan said, warning that the endangered sites were sure to vanish without quick help. 'We're going to lose them on our watch in the next 10 years.'"可知,文章主要讲的是亚洲的建筑遗产正受到威胁,人类必须采取有效措施来拯救这些建筑瑰宝。故选B项。
17.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C
解析：1.推理判断题.根据第四段的But a durability test conducted by popular Zack Nelson, a regular buyer, suggested it was no more durable than a soft plastic screen and could even be dented by a fingernail.(该产品的长期买家、人气颇高的Zack Nelson进行了一项耐久性测试.结果显示,这款手机的耐久性肯定不及软塑料屏幕,甚至可能被指甲弄出划痕)和第六段的He found that the screen of the Motorola Razr scratched as easily but it is not marketed as "glass".(他发现摩托罗拉Razr的屏幕很容易被划伤,但它并没有被宣传为"玻璃")可推测,买家对于手机质量持怀疑态度.A. Suspicious怀疑的.B. Objective客观的.C. Optimistic乐观的.D. Unconcerned理解的，故选A项。
2.细节理解题.根据文中第四段的The Z Flip's "pretty thin glass" is one of Samsung's primary marketing messages for the new phone.(Z Flip的"超薄玻璃"是三星新手机的主要营销手段.)可知,三星Z Flip突出特点是它的超薄玻璃.D. Extremely thin screen.(超薄的玻璃屏幕)符合以上说法，故选D项。
3.细节理解题.根据文中第五段Nelson said Samsung's screen scratched exactly how a plastic screen would react. "I don't know what material this is, but Samsung definitely shouldn't be calling it glass." he said. Nelson(尼尔森说,三星屏幕出现的划痕,恰好是塑料屏幕会出现的反应.他说:"我不知道这是什么材料,但是三星不应该称它为玻璃".)可知,Nelson对三星不准确的描述感到不满.C. He is unsatisfied with its inexact statement.(他对它不准确的描述感到不满)符合以上说法，故选C项。
4.标题归纳题.根据文章的主要内容,尤其第一段Foldable phones are once again facing questions about their durability(耐久性).The Galaxy Z Flip and the Motorola Razr are now both available to buy in the US-but early reports suggest the screens are easily damaged.(可折叠手机再次面临质疑它们耐用性的问题.三星的Galaxy Z Flip和摩托罗拉的Razr现在都可以在美国买到,但早期报告显示,这两款手机的屏幕都很容易损坏)可知,这篇文章主要讲述了三星和摩托罗拉的两款可折叠手机的缺点和问题.C. Foldable phones may not be all that great(可折叠手机可能没有那么好)可以作为本文标题，故选C项。
