(共66张PPT)
单元知识抢先知
素养目标
(主题语境:学习英语、探索英语)
文化意识
记单词
能够理解英语的
多样性、地域差
title
sculpt
重点短语
异性及造成这些
sculpture opposing
现象的原因。
burn up
behavior confusing
burn down
思维品质
能够在深入理解文 unique
wind up
经典句型
本的同时联系自身
come across
实际,反思自己在
reflec
creativity
have a frog in ones
英语学习过程中遇 visible
creative
throat
到的问题,创造性
Ihave trouble (in)
地提出英语学习的 contact
be aware of
新方法
addition
speaking of
doing sth
resource
学习能力
ook out of
2.neither.. nor
核心语法
remind
rather
能够通过了解英语
fill in
的特点和与英语相 comment actually
3.not only... but
构词法
fill out
关的奇闻趣事,激
发对英语学习的兴
negative
error
calm. down
a0连接的并列句话题写作
趣;能够多渠道获 intend
be made up of
informal
取英语学习资源。
be referred to as
4here置于句首引起的写一篇有关语
recognise
base
语言能力
be short for
倒装句
aware
look forward to
言误解的故事
单元话
题导入
A鱼
C
②③④⑤⑥Starting out & Understanding ideas
On the video website of The Wall Street Journal, a word has attracted people's attention.In order to report the news that Chinese elderly women help increase the gold price, The Wall Street Journal creates the word “dama”(elderly women), an English word which comes from Chinese Pinyin.This shows that English expressions which are contributed by Chinese have integrated into every aspect of international life.
Words that are “borrowed”from another language, such as “dama”， are called “loanwords”．This is not a new phenomenon in linguistics (语言学)．
Since modern times，Chinese vocabulary has borrowed many English words，such as “copy”，“cool”and“cola”．These words are vivid and highly literal.Retaining the English pronunciation, they can express their Chinese meaning.
Meanwhile, English words that derive (来自) from Chinese Pinyin can be seen in overseas media reports.About 10 years ago, foreigners took delight in talking about “guanxi (relationship)”．Unlike “relationship”， “guanxi”is used to describe the unique and complex relative network in China.Later, this word was included in Rules and Networks, a business college textbook used in many English speaking countries.
Global Language Monitor thinks highly of Chinglish in terms of a global vision and the development of English, calling Chinglish a “delightful mixture”．
Most of the English words come from other languages, such as Latin, German and French.Now, an increasing number of English words are contributed by Chinese.
[理解]
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1．What's the main idea of the passage
An increasing number of English words are contributed by Chinese.
2．Find out the examples of Chinese vocabulary borrowed from English words.
“Copy”，“cool” and “cola”．
3．What do the languages that most of the English words come from
Latin，German and French.
[积累]
1．increase v． 增加
2．contribute v. 添加
3．integrate into 融入
4．phenomenon n. 现象
5．take delight in 以……为乐
6．in terms of 就……而言
7．vision n. 视野
8．increasing adj. 不断增加的
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning① English？[1]I hadn't, until one day my five year old son asked me whether there was ham② in a hamburger.There isn't.This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant③ either.[2]Neither is there pine④ nor apple in pineapple⑤.[3]This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
[1]整个句子是“not ...until ...”句式。I hadn't是I hadn't asked myself的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语，whether在此意为“是否”。
[2]“neither ...nor ...”是并列连词，意为“既不……，也不……”；此处否定词Neither 位于句首，句子用了倒装结构。
[3]句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。got me thinking是“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾语补足语。
For example, in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus！[4]While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick⑦at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home.And speaking of⑧ home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing
[4]本句为由并列连词but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，While引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”，why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same
When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”．But when we see sunshine, we can't say “it's sunshining”．
Even the smallest words can be confusing .[5]When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who”in“Who's that？”What about “IT” and “US”？
[6]You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
[5]When引导时间状语从句。capitalized为分词化形容词，在从句中作定语，修饰“WHO”。
[6]三个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词a language。在第一个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导条件状语从句。
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.[7]That is why when the stars are out, they are visible， but when the lights are out, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
[7]That is why ...为固定句型，意为“那就是……的原因”。此句型中why引导表语从句。
①have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
②ham n． 火腿
③eggplant n． 茄子
④pine n． 松树
⑤pineapple n． 菠萝
⑥sculpt v． 雕刻，雕塑
sculpture n． 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
⑦seasick adj. 晕船的
airsick adj. 晕机的
carsick adj. 晕车的
homesick adj. 想家的
⑧speaking of ... 讲起……，说到……
⑨opposite n． 对立的人(或物)，对立面 adj.相反的；对面的
opposing adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
oppose vt. 反对，抵制
⑩harmless adj. 无害的，不会导致损害的
harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的
shameless adj. 无耻的，没廉耻的
shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的
behavior n． 举止，行为
confusing adj. 令人困惑的
capitalized adj. 大写的
wonder v． 感到诧异，非常想知道
n． 惊讶；奇迹
wonder at 对……感到诧异
(it's) no wonder that ... ……不足为奇/并不奇怪
unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的
madness n． 疯狂；愚蠢行为
burn up 烧毁，烧尽
burn down 烧毁
fill in 填写(表格等)
fill out 填写(表格等)
alarm n． 警报器；闹钟
reflect v． 显示，反映
creativity n． 创造性，创造力
human race 人类
visible adj. 看得见的，可见的
invisible adj. 看不见的
wind up 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
[参考译文]
菠萝≠松树＋苹果
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我 hamburger(汉堡包)里面有没有ham(火腿)。答案是没有。这让我意识到， eggplant(茄子)里面也没有egg(鸡蛋)，而 pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)，也没有 apple(苹果)。这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？
例如，闲暇时我们可以雕一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但只能拍一张照片(take a photo)。旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in)，坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(on)！同样，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机里晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”(homesick，实际意义为“想家的”)。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和 housework(家务)(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却)不是一回事呢？
如果说hard(硬)是soft(软)的反义词，为什么 hardly(几乎不)和 softly(柔和地)却不是一对反义词？如果说 harmless actions(无害行为)和 harmful actions(有害行为)意思相反，为什么 shameless behaviors(无耻行为)和 shameful behaviors(可耻行为)反而是一回事？
当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain)或雪(snow)时，我们可以说正在下雨(it's raining)或正在下雪(it's snowing)。可我们看见阳光(sunshine)的时候却不能说正在下阳光(it's sunshining)。
就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。如果你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO，你会把它读成Who's that？中的who吗？那么IT和US又该怎么读呢？
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”)，也可以说 burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”)；填表的时候，你可以 fill in a form(字面意思为“填入表里”)也可以 fill out a form(字面意思为“填到表外”); 而且只有闹钟走了(go off字面意思为“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声！
英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来)的时候我们能看到星星，而 lights are out(灯灭)的时候我们却看不到灯光。那也是当我 wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走，而我 wind up this passage(将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因。
Step One：Pre reading
Discuss with your partner about the following questions and answer the questions.
1．Which language is spoken by the most native speakers in the world
Chinese.
2．Which language has the most learners in the world
English.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What's the main idea of the text
A．Compound words. B．The charm of English.
C．Pine and apple. D．Differences of English.
答案：B
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What is the structure of the passage
2．How does the author support his/her idea in the passage
A．By listing numbers.
B．By making comparison.
C．By giving some examples.
D．By using some research results.
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．When we see rain, we can say “it's raining”．
B．When we see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, we can read it as the “who” in “Who's that？”
C．Harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions.
D．We can see the stars when they are out.
4．What do the two phrases “wind up” mean in the last sentence
A．They both mean “turn a handle”．
B．They both mean “finish or stop doing sth.”．
C．The first means “turn a handle”，the second means “finish or stop doing sth.”．
D．The first means “finish or stop doing sth.”， the second means “turn a handle”．
答案：1～4 DCBC
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you have any difficulty 1.learning (learn) English？Have you ever wondered why there is no ham 2.in your hamburger 3.and why you can't find any egg in eggplant Maybe this will get you 4.thinking (think) how crazy the language of English is.We like to paint a 5.painting (paint), and we are traveling in 6.the car but we take a photo and travel on the bus.When we see the rain, we say “it 7.is raining (rain)” but can't say “it is sunshining” when seeing sunshine.The words are really 8.confusing (confuse)．Such unique 9.madness (mad) can be seen almost everywhere because English reflects the 10.creativity (create) of the human race.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．the title of the chapter 这一章节的题目
2．a plateful of ham 一盘火腿
3．a unique genius 独特的天才
4．reflect the trend 反映这一趋势
5．be visible from miles away 几英里外就能看得见
6．the alarm clock 闹钟
7．The graceful sculpture was sculpted by a famous sculptor.(sculpt)
8．People who have the opposing view were opposed to the sudden change.(oppose)
9．His neighbors are worried about his behaviors and they think Rui Yang sometimes behaves as if he is a little foolish and dull in front of others.(behave)
10．The boy asked in confusion, saying that he was confused with the confusing question.(confuse)
11．The government should encourage creativity.Only in this way can creative people create miracles.(create)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
1．confuse v．使困惑＋ ing→confusing adj.令人困惑的
satisfying adj.令人满意的 surprising adj.令人惊讶的
shocking adj.令人震惊的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的
2．sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑＋ ture→sculpture n．雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
mixture n．混合物 signature n．签名
departure n．离开，出发 creature n．生物
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Speaking of (谈到) travelling, are you going anywhere exciting this year
2．During a snowstorm, I just look out of (向外看) the windows at the world.
3．Can you fill in (填写) some of the details of your career
4．I've forgotten to wind up (给……上发条) my watch again.
5．Two buildings on my block burnt down (烧毁) in that big fire.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English
[句式分析] have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。
[佳句仿写] 有了你清晰的说明，我们毫不费力地找到了你的家。
We had no trouble finding your home with your clear instructions.
2．[教材原句] Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
[句式分析] neither ...nor ...连接并列成分。
[佳句仿写] 土壤要正合适——既不太湿也不太干。
The ground must be just right — neither too wet nor too dry.
3．[教材原句] That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out，they are invisible.
[句式分析] that is why ...那就是……的原因。
[佳句仿写] 我没有赶上第一班公共汽车。那就是今天我来迟的原因。
I didn't catch the first bus.That was why I came late today.
1．behavior n．举止，行为
(教材P15) If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same
如果说harmless actions (无害行为)和harmful actions(有害行为)意思相反，为什么shameless behaviors (无耻行为)和shameful behaviors (可耻行为)反而是一回事？
(1)behave v． 表现
behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对某人表现良好/糟糕
behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体
(2)well behaved adj. 表现好的
badly behaved adj. 表现差的
(经典佳句)Parents worry about the effect of music on their adolescent's behavior.
父母担心音乐对青春期孩子的行为有影响。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Everyone is angry because his rude behavior (behave)．
②You should behave yourself (you) in a proper way in public.
[写美] 补全句子
③他告诉学生们听讲座时要举止得体，切勿聊天。
He told his pupils to behave well and not to chat while listening to a lecture.
2．confusing adj.令人困惑的
(教材P15) Even the smallest words can be confusing.
就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。
(1)confuse vt. 使迷惑，混淆
confuse ...with/and ... 把……和……混淆
(2)confused adj. 困惑的
be confused about sth. 对某事迷惑不解
(3)confusion n. 混乱，困惑
in confusion 困惑地，混乱地
(经典佳句)The instructions on the box are very confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I think it's a serious mistake to confuse work with/and life.
②They confused me by asking so many confusing questions.I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.(confuse)
补全句子
③我喜欢学习新单词，但是我对如何记忆单词感到困惑。
I love learning new words, but I am confused about how to remember them well.
[写美] 翻译句子
④他困惑地看着我并没有回答这个问题。
He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question.
[名师点津] ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的；令人……的”； ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face, look, expression, voice等时，常用 ed形式的形容词。
3．burn up 烧毁，烧尽；烧完；燃烧(能量)；火烧旺
(教材P15) You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down ...
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”)，也可以说 burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”)……
burn down 烧毁；火势减弱
burn to the ground 烧毁
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力
(经典佳句)The plane circled the airport to burn up excess fuel.
飞机在机场上空盘旋以耗掉多余的燃料。
[练透] 一词多义
①Usually the satellites burn up about 100 km above the earth. 烧毁
②Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race？ 燃烧(能量)
③Mum put more wood on the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually.火烧旺
词汇升级
④If you often burn the midnight oil, you'll be exhausted.
→If you often burn the midnight oil, you'll burn yourself out.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤村庄里的许多木房子在这次大火中被烧毁了。
Many of the wooden houses in the village were burnt to the ground in the big fire.
4．reflect v．显示，反映；反射(声音或者光)；思考
(教材P15) English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.
英语是人创造的，而不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
(1)reflect sb./sth.(in sth.) (在……中)映出某人/某物的影像
reflect on/upon 认真思考；沉思
(2)reflection n. 映像；反射
on/upon reflection 经再三思考
(经典佳句)The statistics reflect a change in people's spending habits.
这些统计数据显示出人们的消费习惯发生了变化。
[练透] 一词多义
①Does such an attitudinal change reflect real experiences in daily life？ 反映
②The manager demanded time to reflect on what to do. 思考
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)He was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 反射
单句语法填空
④Usually a child's behavior is a reflection (reflect) of his family environment.
词汇升级
⑤Before I decide, I need time to think carefully about the problem.
→Before I decide, I need time to reflect on/upon the problem.
[写美] 补全句子
经再三考虑，我们决定改变计划。
⑥On/Upon reflection, we decided to change our plan.
[巧学助记] The light reflected from the water into my eyes.White clouds were reflected in the lake.Sitting by the lake, I was reflecting on what my mom said.On reflection，I decided to accept her suggestion.
光从水中反射入我的眼中，白云映照在湖中。坐在湖边，我在考虑妈妈的话。沉思后，我决定接受她的建议。
1．[句型公式] have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/费力
(教材P14) Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？
句中have trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有困难/费力”，且doing 前面省略了in。其中trouble 为不可数名词，前面可用some, any, no, little等词来修饰。
表示“做某事有困难”的常见结构：
(1)have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦
(2)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth.在某方面有麻烦/困难
(经典佳句)I am having some trouble getting along with my classmates at the moment.
目前，我和同学们相处有些麻烦。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①For me，there is no difficulty finishing (finish) the task in two days.
②You can't imagine the trouble I have with my housework.
③He didn't tell me what trouble he had working (work) out the problem.
[写美] 补全句子
④我与外国人交流有困难。
I have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) communicating with foreigners.
[名师点津] 有时将have trouble doing sth.句式中的trouble提前作先行词，此时定语从句中have后常为 doing形式。
2．[句型公式] neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
(教材P14) Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)，也没有apple (苹果)。
本句中neither ...nor ...意为“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
(1)neither ...nor ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数应和邻近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。
(2)neither放于句首时，句子部分倒装，即将系动词、助动词或情态动词提至主语前。
(3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Neither the students nor the teacher knows (know) anything about it.
②I have neither money nor time for the ball.
③He didn't remember it.Neither did I．
句型转换
④He neither likes nor has tried this kind of food.
→Neither does he like nor has he tried this kind of food.(倒装句)
[写美] 句式升级
⑤Tom wasn't be invited to the party yesterday and his parents weren't either.
→Neither Tom nor his parents were invited to the party yesterday.
3．[句型公式] That is why ...那就是……的原因
(教材P15) That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
那就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来)的时候我们能看到星星，而 lights are out(灯灭)的时候我们却看不到灯光。
本句中That is why ...意为“那就是……的原因”；why引导表语从句，表示结果；That指代上文提到的事实。
其他相关句型：
(1)This/That is/was why ...这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句，表示结果)
(2)That/It is/was because ...那/这是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(3)The reason why ...is/was that ...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
(经典佳句)It rained heavily.That was why they put off the match.
雨下得很大。那就是他们推迟了比赛的原因。
[练透] 补全句子
①那就是鱼类更喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因——前者更温暖些。
That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.
②也许是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
Maybe it's because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
③他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。
The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
[写美] 句型转换
Tom didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.
→④Tom was ill and that was why he didn't attend the meeting.
→⑤The reason why Tom didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.
维度一 品句填词
1．There was a book I wanted to buy, but now I can't remember the title (标题)．
2．To make a sandwich you put a slice of ham (火腿) between two slices of bread.
3．The architectural structure of the Temple of Heaven is unique.
4．If there's any trouble, sound the alarm by pulling the emergency cord.
5．As I read my mother's letter, I began to feel more and more homesick (想家的)．
6．Pine (松树) trees are not native to this part of the world.
7．The names of political parties are always capitalized (大写的), for example, the Green Party.
8．There are few visible (看得见的) signs of the illness that kept her in hospital for so long.
维度二 词形转换
1．She is a dedicated teacher and is recognized for her enthusiasm and creativity (creative)．
2．The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a confusing (confuse) world.
3．His behavior (behave) under fire approved him a man of courage.
4．At our planning meeting we heard two opposing (oppose) opinions.
5．The museum has several life sized sculptures (sculpt) of people and animals.
6．Literature is the reflection (reflect) of real life and the revelation of the artistic pulse of periods.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．If we all agree, let's wind up (使结束) the discussion.
2．Speaking of (说起) the bicycle, some people think it is out of date in many big cities.
3．He's a French，so he can neither speak nor (既不……也不……) write Chinese.
4．Please fill in/out (填写) this form, giving your name, age and address.
5．He lost the game and that was why (那就是……的原因) he didn't come to attend the celebration party.
6．She looked out of (向外看) the window, sighing for her lost youth.
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A鱼
构词法的定义及分类
合成名词
缩略法「合成形容
合成动词
构词法
合成法合成副词
合成介词
几种常见
合成代词
的构词法
前缀
派生法后缀
动词转化为名
名词转化为动
转化法形容词转化为动词
形容词转化为名词Using language
Grammar——构词法
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．构词法的定义及分类
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫作构词法。英语构词法主要有缩略法(Abbreviation)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、转化法(Conversion)等。
2．几种常见的构词法
(1)缩略法
用单词首字母组成一个新词的英语构词法。这种方式构成的新词，读音有两种：
①各字母分别读音；②作为一个单词读音。
缩写 全称 汉语
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织
GRE Graduate Record Examination 美国研究生入学考试
TESL Teach English as a Second Language 作为第二语言的英语教学
UN United Nations 联合国
[即时演练1]
写出下列词汇的缩略词
①Voice of America→VOA
②National Aeronautics and Space Administration→NASA
③World Trade Organization→WTO
④United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization→UNESCO
(2)合成法
合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，有些带连字符，有些不带。以合成法构成的单词叫作合成词。
分类 方法 举例
合成名词 名词＋名词 bookmark 书签 homeowner 房主wheelchair 轮椅guidebook 指南，手册
名词＋动名词 handwriting 书法 air conditioning 空调
名词＋动词＋ er painkiller 止痛药 storyteller 讲故事的人
动词＋名词 typewriter 打字机 postmark 邮戳 pushcart 手推车 workshop 研讨会，车间
形容词＋名词 gentleman 绅士greenhouse 温室
名词＋动词 handshake 握手 sunset 日落
介词＋名词 overweight 超重 by product 副产品
副词＋动词 income 收入 output 产量，输出
动词＋副词 cleanup 打扫 closedown 停业 checkup 检查
合成形容词 名词＋形容词 lifelong 终身的，毕生的snow white 雪白的
名词＋动词 ing English speaking 讲英语的 nature loving 热爱自然的 heartbreaking 令人心碎的 breathtaking 激动人心的
名词＋动词 ed fun filled 充满乐趣的 man made 人造的 heartbroken 悲伤的 custom made 定制的
形容词＋动词 ing good looking 相貌好看的 easy going 性格随和的
形容词＋动词 ed strong minded 意志坚强的electric powered 电动的 white painted 漆成白色的 ill cooked 厨艺差劲的
副词＋动词 ed well educated 受过良好教育的newly made 新建的 well known 著名的
副词＋动词 ing hard working 勤劳的
介词＋名词/动词 ing underlying 含蓄的，潜在的
动词 ed＋副词 built in内置的，固有的
合成动词 形容词＋动词 ill treat虐待whitewash刷石灰水
副/介词＋动词 overcome 战胜 overthrow 推翻
合成副词 形容词＋名词 hotfoot 匆忙地anyway 无论如何
形容词＋副词 everywhere 到处somehow 不知何故
副词＋副词 however 无论如何whole heartedly 全心全意地
介词＋副词 forever 永远
介词＋名词 beforehand 预先downstairs 在楼下
合成介词 副词＋名词 inside 在……里outside 在……外
介词＋副词 throughout 遍及within 在……之内
副词＋介词 into 到……里upon 在……之上
合成代词 代词宾格＋self herself 她自己himself 他自己
物主代词＋self myself 我自己yourself 你自己
形容词＋名词 anything 任何东西everything 一切东西
[即时演练2]
写出下列单词的汉语意思
①greenhouse 温室
②sunset 日落
③far reaching 影响深远的
④heartfelt 由衷的
⑤hotfoot 匆忙地
⑥overcome 战胜
(3)派生法
在一个词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的为后缀。
①前缀
分类 举例 总结
表示否定意义的前缀 agree 同意→disagree 不同意fair 公平的→unfair 不公平的possible 可能的→impossible 不可能的understand 理解→misunderstand 误解correct 正确的→incorrect 不正确的legal 合法的→illegal 非法的stop 停下→nonstop 直达的regular 规则的→irregular 不规则的usual 寻常的→unusual 不寻常的 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis ， il ， im ， in ，ir ， mis ， non ， un 等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
其他意义的前缀 see 看见→foresee 预见 national 国家的→international 国际的film 影片→microfilm 微型胶片 night 夜晚→midnight 午夜bus 公交车→minibus 微型汽车write 写→rewrite 重写market 市场→supermarket 超级商场scope 视界→telescope 望远镜 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： anti (反对；抵抗), auto (自动), co (共同), inter (互相), re (再；又), sub (下面的；次；小), tele (强调距离)等。
改变词性的前缀 large 大的→enlarge 扩大courage 勇气→encourage 鼓励value 价值→devalue 降低……的价值little 小的→belittle 轻视board 甲板→aboard 在船上side 旁边→aside 在旁边door 门→outdoor 户外的break 打破→outbreak 爆发 改变词性的前缀有en ，de ，be ，a ，out 等。en 前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de 前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be 前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a 前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out 前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。
②后缀
分类 举例 总结
构成名词的后缀 depend 依靠→dependence 依靠China 中国→Chinese 中国人，汉语clean 清扫→cleaner 清洁工visit 拜访→visitor 来访者art 艺术→artist 艺术家agree 同意→agreement 同意kind 善良的→kindness 善良invent 发明→invention 发明 构成名词的后缀常用的有 ence， ese(表示某地人或语言)， er/ or/ ist(表示人)， ess(雌性)， ian(精通……的人)， ist(专业人员)， ment， ness(性质；状态)， tion(动作；过程)等。
构成形容词的后缀 nature 自然→natural 自然的reason 道理→reasonable 有道理的America 美国→American 美国的gold 金子→golden 金的east 东→eastern 东方的China 中国→Chinese 中国人的child 孩子→childish 孩子气的snow 雪→snowy 下雪的 构成形容词的后缀常用的有 al， able(有能力的)， (a)n(某国的)， en(多用于表示材料的名词后)， ern(方向的)， ese(某国人的)， ful， (ic)al， ish， ive， less(表示否定)， like(像……的)， ly， ous， some， y(表示天气)等。
构成副词的后缀 angry 生气的→angrily 生气地to 到→towards 朝……，向……east 东方→eastward 向东 构成副词的后缀常用的有 ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)， ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
构成动词的后缀 wide 宽的→widen 加宽beauty 美人→beautify 美化pure 纯的→purify 提纯real 真的→realize 意识到organ 器官→organize 组织 构成动词的后缀常用的有 (e)n(多用于形容词之后), fy(使……化), ize(使……成为)。
构成数词的后缀 six 六→sixteen 十六→sixteenth 第十六four 四→forty 四十→fortieth 第四十 构成数词的后缀有 teen (十几)， ty (几十)， th(序数词)。
[即时演练3]
给下列单词加上适当的词缀
①incomplete 不完全的
②impossible 不可能的
③enlarge 扩大
④recycle 再循环，回收
⑤cooperate 合作
⑥international 国际的
⑦wooden 木制的
⑧widen 加宽
⑨scholarship 奖学金
⑩honesty 诚实
(4)转化法
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
用法 举例
动词转化为名词 I think we'd better finish the talk now.我想我们的谈话最好现在结束。He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
名词转化为动词 Have you booked the ticket 你订好票了吗？Hand in your papers, please.请把你们的试卷交上来。She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
形容词转化为动词 We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
形容词转化为名词 The rich do not necessarily live a happy life.富人并不一定生活得幸福。She was dressed in blue.她穿着蓝色衣服。
[即时演练4]
写出下列句中加黑词的含义
①He emptied the bottle. 腾空，倒空
②Each young person must shoulder his responsibility. 肩负，承担
③Open the windows to cool the room. 使凉快，使冷却
④You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us. 描绘，想象
⑤The girl in black appears very beautiful. 黑色的衣服
1．come across 偶然发现，偶然遇见
(教材P17) When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.
当你打开字典时，你经常会遇到许多不熟悉的单词。
come about 发生
come up with 赶上；提出，想出(主意、解决方法、计划等)
come true 实现
come out 出来，显露；开花；出版，发表；上市
(经典佳句)She came across an old diary while clearing out her drawer.
她在清理抽屉的时候偶然发现了一本旧日记。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The smartphone like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600.
②Can you tell me how the accident came about
③The other day I came across a friend in the street.
[写美] 补全句子
④她想出了增加销售量的好方法。
She came up with a good idea for increasing sales.
[巧学助记] I came across an old friend in the street last Friday.He said his dream would come true soon, because his new book would come out next month.We also talked about the accident that came about that day.
上周五我在街上碰见一位老朋友。他说他的梦想就要实现了，因为他的新书将于下个月出版。我们还谈到了那天发生的事故。
2．be made up of 由……组成
(教材P17) And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words ...
并且有时候一个单词由几个单词的首字母组成……
make up 编造；化妆；组成；占比例
make up for 弥补
consist of 由……组成
be composed of 由……组成
(经典佳句)Food is made up of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
食物由碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪构成。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him.
②Ask for an extra compensation payment to make up for the stress you have been caused.
[写美] 一句多译
这本作品是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分组合而成的。
③The collection consists of three parts：poems, essays and short stories.
④The collection is made up of three parts：poems, essays and short stories.
⑤The collection is composed of three parts：poems, essays and short stories.
[名师点津] be made up of, be composed of 和consist of都是表示“由……组成”，但是consist of只能用主动，不可用于被动语态。
3．likely adj.可能的，可能发生的
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
她还说，可能还有其他一些基因帮助巴瑶人潜水。
[辨清] likely/possible/probable
likely 主语可以是人也可以是物。常用于“It is likely that ...或sb./sth.be likely to do ...”句型中，但不能说“It is likely for sb.to do sth.”
possible 主语不能是人，常用句式“It is possible for sb.to do sth.”或“It is possible that ...”
probable 不能用人或不定式作主语，常用句式为“It is probable that ...”
(经典佳句)The study showed that one in twelve women is likely to develop breast cancer.
研究表明，十二分之一的女性可能会患上乳腺癌。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①This decision is likely to upset (upset) a lot of people.
②Would it be possible for me to leave (leave) a message for her
[写美] 一句多译
我们有可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务吗？
③Is it likely/possible/probable that we can finish the task in such a short time
④Is it possible for us to finish the task in such a short time
⑤Is the task likely to be finished in such a short time
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．On a stormy (storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home.
2．He didn't like his work; he did it simply (simple) for the money.
3．Martin was very helpful (help); we couldn't have finished the work on time without him.
4．Mr Lee said that the smiles and happiness (happy) of the children gave him great courage every day.
5．I can never find the difference (differ) between the twins.
6．Tim will come back on the twelfth (twelve) of next month.
7．This is a new programme to enable (able) older people to study at college.
8．Our foreign teacher Michael has mapped (map) out a plan of his bicycle trip already.
9．Surprisingly (surprise), he should lose his temper in public.
10．It is illegal (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．这些树上的新鲜水果从一个国家运到另一个国家。
Fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.
2．这间公寓能容纳六个人和一条狗。
This apartment can house six people and a dog.
3．为了避免膝盖疼痛，做运动来加强你的腿部肌肉。
To avoid knee pain, do exercises to strengthen your leg muscles.
4．他的父母完全误解了他，还狠狠地批评了他。
His parents completely misunderstood him and criticized him heavily.
5．汤姆很沮丧，因为他父亲不允许他参加歌唱比赛。
Tom was discouraged because his father didn't allow him to take part in the singing competition.
6．你在公共场合问女士一些私人问题是不礼貌的。
It's impolite of you to ask a lady some personal questions in public.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
利用构词法知识补全短文
Li Hua, my 1.classmate (同班同学), is 2.hard working (勤奋的)．To improve his listening skill, every day he gets up at six and listens to 3.VOA (美国之音)．What's more, he is also 4.warm hearted (热情的) and willing to help others.On his way to school yesterday, he came across a 5.homeless (home) person and 6.handed (递给) 100 yuan to him.He set an example to us students.
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A鱼Developing ideas
Misadventures① in English
Last week, our forum② asked if you had any funny③ or strange stories about using English.We didn't expect④ to get so many posts！[1]Here are some of our favourites, to remind⑤ us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
[1]here位于句首引起的倒装句；that引导宾语从句。
Yancy
[2]People say that the British always play safe⑥ with what they eat.Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie.One day, a different teacher took our class.He told us that Maggie couldn't teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat⑦.Poor Maggie — but why did she try to eat such a big frog
135 comments
[2]that引导宾语从句；what引导宾语从句。
Sophie
When I first visited New York, I went to a downtown shopping centre to buy some winter boots⑧.[3]At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady where the shoe section⑨ was.She said that it was on the first floor.So I went up to the first floor, but couldn't find any shoes.I decided to leave⑩.When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor.Why did she give me the wrong information X (
128 comments
[3]where引导宾语从句。
Julien
I've got an English penfriend, who I finally got to meet in London this summer.He had told me that his grandfather was“really wicked ”．But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot.I found it very odd.Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man
63 comments
Zheng Xu
The British must have really high standards .I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in .I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper.[4]I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment . When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad! ” Not bad But there weren't any errors in my paper.： (
85 comments
[4]本句含有省略了that的宾语从句；and连接并列的谓语。
①misadventure n． 事故，灾难
②forum n． (因特网上的)论坛，讨论区
③funny adj. 有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的
④expect v． 期望，预料
⑤remind v． 提醒，使……想起
⑥play safe 不冒险，谨慎，稳妥
⑦throat n． 喉咙，咽喉
have a frog in one's throat (尤因咽喉痛)说话困难
⑧boot n． 靴子
⑨section n． 区域
⑩decide to do sth. 决定做某事
actually adv. 事实上，实际上
finally adv. 最终，最后
wicked adj. 缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的
negative adj. 消极的，负面的
standard n． 标准，规格
adj. 标准的，合格的
exchange n． (学生、教师等的)互访，交换
spend ...(in) doing sth. 花费(一段时间)做某事
do a good job 干得好
look forward to 期待，盼望(其中to为介词)
comment n． 评论
error n． 错误，谬误
[参考译文]
英语尴尬事
上周，我们的论坛问“你是否有关于使用英语的趣事或怪事”。我们没想到会收到这么多帖子！这里有一些我们最喜欢的帖子，以提醒我们，我们在课堂上学习的英语与课堂外的英语是相当不同的！
366次点赞
325条评论
分享
最喜欢的
……
扬西
据说英国人对待吃的东西总是很谨慎。这不是真的！我上过曼彻斯特的一所暑期学校，我的英语老师叫玛吉。有一天，另一位老师来代课。他告诉我们那天玛吉不能教课了，因为(COZ)她喉咙里有只青蛙。可怜的玛吉——可她为什么要吃这么大的青蛙呢？
135条评论
索菲娅
当我第一次去纽约时，我到市中心的购物中心买一些冬靴。在入口处的服务台，我问一位女士鞋区在哪里，她说在二楼。所以我走上二楼，但找不到鞋子。我决定离开。当我正在寻找出口的时候，我发现鞋实际上是在楼下的一楼出售，而不是二楼。她为什么给我错误的信息呢？X (
128条评论
朱利恩
我有一个英国笔友，今年夏天我终于在伦敦见到了他。他曾告诉我，他的祖父“非常邪恶”。但是当我见到他的祖父时，我非常喜欢他。我感到很奇怪，为什么我的朋友要用一个贬义词来形容这样一个好人呢？
63条评论
郑旭
英国人一定有很高的标准。我是英国一所大学和我所在的中国大学之间交流项目的一名学生。我花了好几天时间准备并写出我的第一篇英语论文。我知道我做得很好，期待着得到积极的评价。当我取回论文时，我发现我的老师写的评论“不算差！”不算差？但是我的论文里没有任何错误。： (
85条评论
Step One：Pre reading
List some English expressions that may cause misunder standings.
call sb.names 辱骂； pet name 昵称； restroom 厕所； pull sb.'s leg 和某人开玩笑； black tea 红茶
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What is the main idea of the passage
A．An exciting adventure in English learning.
B．Some strange English words difficult to learn.
C．The differences between what we learn in class and in life.
D．Some funny posts about what we should learn in class.
答案：C
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To discuss methods of learning English.
B．To introduce the funny or strange stories about using English.
C．To stress the importance of the English outside the world.
D．To encourage the students to use English as much as possible.
2．What do we know about Maggie according to the passage
A．She ate a big frog.
B．She played safe with what she ate.
C．She had a sore throat and couldn't speak.
D．She was an English teacher in a summer school in London.
3．Why didn't Sophie find the shoes on the first floor
A．Because she misunderstood the lady's words.
B．Because there were no shoe section in the shopping centre.
C．Because the shoes were all placed on the second floor.
D．Because she didn't go up to the upper floor.
4．In Paragraph 4 “negative” probably means .
A．not good B．very funny
C．a bit disappointing D．too confusing
5．What do we learn about Zheng Xu's English paper
A．Zheng Xu felt disappointed about his paper.
B．Zheng Xu didn't get a good grade on it.
C．The teacher thought the paper wrote well.
D．The teacher thought Zheng Xu was not a bad student.
答案：1～5 BCAAC
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When learning English, almost everyone of us meets some misadventures and some funny 1.stories (story)．They can remind us what we learn in class is 2.different (differ) from the English outside the classroom.
Yancy found the British don't always play safe 3.with what they eat because someone said that her teacher Maggie 4.had (have) a frog in her throat.What surprising news!
Once Sophie went to buy some boots and 5.was told (tell) the boots were on 6.the first floor but she didn't find them there.How 7.confusing (confuse)!
Julien was also surprised about his penfriend, 8.who used a negative word about his nice grandfather.
And as the Chinese exchange student, Zheng Xu felt the British had 9.higher (high) standards than Chinese.He spent days 10.preparing (prepare) his English paper and only got“Not bad！”
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．teaching resources 教学资源
2．remind him of his child years 让他想起他的童年
3．make helpful comments 提出有益的意见
4．have a negative attitude 有一个消极的态度
5．many errors in your work 你的工作中失误很多
6．recognise my own shortcomings 认识到我自己的缺点
7．a film based on a Chinese fairy tale 基于中国童话的电影
8．informal meeting 非正式的会议
9．The government has become aware that leaders should raise public awareness.(aware)
10．It was intended that production would start at the end of the month, but the original intention didn't come true.(intend)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
formal adj.正式的＋前缀in →informal adj.非正式的
incorrect adj.不正确的 inaccurate adj.不确切的
incapable adj.没有能力的 inactive adj.不活跃的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．We are aware of (意识到) the lack of food supplies.
2．I look forward to (期盼) coming back to visit you as soon as possible.
3．Children need to be taught how to play safe (谨慎行事) with one another.
4．You sound like you have a frog in your throat (说话困难)．
5．We all need to look for (寻找) ways to reduce our carbon footprint.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
[句式分析] not only ...but (also) ...连接的并列句，not only位于句首时，not only所在的句子用部分倒装。
[佳句仿写] 他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。
Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water.
2．[教材原句] Here are some of our favourites ...
[句式分析] here位于句首引起的倒装句。
[佳句仿写] 这边靠墙放着一张书桌。
Here stood a desk against the wall.
1．remind v．提醒，使……想起
(教材P20) Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
这里有一些我们最喜欢的帖子，以提醒我们，我们在课堂上学习的英语与课堂外的英语是相当不同的！
remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ... 提醒某人……
keep sb.reminded of 使某人想起……
(经典佳句)Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.
请提醒我明天上午有个重要的会议。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Passengers are reminded to take (take) all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane.
②Please remind me that I should bring him a present for his birthday.
[写美] 补全句子
③这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。
The old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.
[联想发散] 常见“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”的短语：
inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
persuade sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
2．comment n．评论；议论 v．作出评论；表达意见
(教材P20) 325 comments
325条评论
(1)make comments on/about ... 对……加以评论
No comment! 无可奉告！
(2)comment on/upon sth. 对某事发表评论
comment that ... 评论……
(经典佳句)He made no comments on our proposal.
他没有对我们的建议作评论。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The reporter commented (comment) that the film Lost and Love was very moving.
②Don't make comments (comment) if you cannot understand the real meaning.
[写美] 一句多译
那位官员拒绝对此事发表意见。
③The official refused to comment on/upon the matter.(comment v．)
④The official refused to make comments on/about the matter.(comment n．)
3．intend v．计划，打算
(教材P22) morally wrong and intending to hurt people ...
道德上的错误，并意图伤害他人……
(1)intend to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)intended adj. 为……打算的
be intended for 专门为……准备/设计的
(3)intention n. 打算，意图
with the intention of 有……的目的
(经典佳句)When my ship comes in，I intend to take a year's holiday traveling around the world.
有朝一日我有钱时，我要休假一年，周游世界。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I intend to take (take) full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.
②It is not my intention (intend) to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection.
补全句子
③这门课是为中等水平的学生开设的。
The course is intended for intermediate level students.
[写美] 翻译句子
④他回来是想和家人一起过年的。
He returned with the intention of spending the New Year with his family.
[巧学助记] My mother intends to hold a party for my father's birthday.But she is busy with work, so she intends me to prepare for it.She requests that all the activities and gifts should be intended for my father.And we both need to keep it secret, because my father has no intention of holding a birthday party.
我母亲打算为我父亲的生日举行一个聚会。但是她工作很忙，所以她想让我准备。她要求所有的活动和礼物都要专门为我父亲设计。我们都要保守秘密，因为我父亲根本没打算举办生日派对。
[名师点津] had intended to ...表示本打算做某事，但实际没做成。有类似用法的动词还有：plan, hope, think等。
I intended to have gone/had intended to go to your home last night, but it rained.
昨晚我本打算去你家的，可是下起雨来了。
4．recognise v．认识，辨认出；承认，认可
(教材P24) recognise differences between American English and British English
辨认出美式英语和英式英语之间的差异
(1)recognise sb./sth.by/from 通过……认出某人/某物
recognise ...as/to be ... 承认/认出……是……
be recognised as/to be ... 被认为/认作是……
It is recognised that ... 人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 认出；认识
out of/beyond recognition 认不出来
(经典佳句)I recognised him as soon as he entered the room.
他一进屋我就认出了他。
[练透] 一词多义
①(2020·江苏高考)We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognise the food. 辨认出
②(2019·江苏高考)China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognising its role in international affairs. 承认；认可
单句语法填空
③Animals can recognise their children by smell.
④My hometown has changed beyond recognition (recognise) since I was last here.
⑤It is widely recognised that drug abuse will cause a huge loss of both life and wealth.
[写美] 补全句子
⑥林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。
Lincoln is recognised as/to be one of the greatest presidents in America.
5．base v．以……为基础 n．基地，基础，根据
(教材P24) write a story based on given pictures
根据所给图画写一则故事
(1)base ...on/upon ... 把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon ... 以……为基础/根据
(2)basis n. 基础，根据
on the basis of 以……为基础/根据
(3)basic adj. 基础的，基本的
(经典佳句)These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text.
这几天，我和同学们根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.
②Basic (base) research is of great importance in all scientific fields.
句式升级
③As it is based on a true story, the film is very popular.
→Based on a true story, the film is very popular.(分词作状语)
[写美] 一句多译
根据这些事实，我们能得出以下结论。
④On the basis of these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.(basis)
⑤Based on these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.(base v．)
6．aware adj.意识到的，明白的
(教材P24) be aware of cultural differences
意识到文化差异
(1)be aware that ... 意识到，知道
be aware of 知道，意识到
(2)awareness n. 意识
raise one's awareness 增强某人的意识
(3)unaware adj. 不知道的
(经典佳句)People are becoming far more aware of environmental issues.
人们越来越意识到环境问题。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Only if you are aware of the importance of English can you learn it well.
②We must be aware that there is still a long way ahead of us.
[写美] 补全句子
③为了增强人们的环保意识，我们必须首先让人们意识到它的重要性。
In order to raise people's awareness of environmental protection, we must make people realize the importance of it first of all.
1．[句型公式] not only 置于句首引起的部分倒装句
(教材P20) Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
你不但能发帖问具体的问题，而且你还能通过阅读世界上其他英语学习者的帖子来拓宽你的知识面。
(1)not only ...but also ...“不仅……，而且……”，其中but后的also可省略。
(2)not only ...but also ...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”。
(3)not only ...but (also) ...连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
(经典佳句)Not only do I feel the pains of the farmers but also the happiness that labor brings me.
我不仅感受到了农民的痛苦，也感受到了劳动带给我的快乐。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Not only my parents but also I am (be) fond of sports.
②The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but share a large number of social customs.
[写美] 句式升级
③The sun not only gives us light, but it also gives us heat.
→Not only does the sun give us light, but it also gives us heat.(倒装句)
2．[句型公式] here置于句首引起的完全倒装句
(教材P20) Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
这里有一些我们最喜欢的帖子，以提醒我们，我们在课堂上学习的英语与课堂外的英语是相当不同的！
完全倒装是把整个谓语放到主语之前，完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能进行完全倒装。常使用完全倒装的情况：
(1)以副词here, there, out, in, up, down, away, then, now等开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand (表示移动或动态的不及物动词)等时，句子使用完全倒装。
(2)there引出完全倒装句，除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear，exist，lie，remain，seem to be，stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义，句子使用完全倒装。
(3)表示方位的状语位于句首，谓语动词是不及物动词，如 lie，stand，sit，exist 等或系动词 be，且主语是名词时，要用完全倒装。
(4)有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词置于句首，句子使用完全倒装。
(经典佳句)There lived a man known by the name of Tom.
有一个人，名叫汤姆。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Then came (come) the hour we had been looking forward to.
②There are (be) still plenty of shortcomings in our work.
补全句子
③大树下站着一些农民。
Under the big tree stand some farmers.
④藏在门后面的是几个顽皮的孩子。
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
[写美] 句式升级
⑤The rain came down and the umbrellas went up.
→Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.(完全倒装)
维度一 品句填词
1．A country's principal resource (资源) is its brainpower.
2．He made several favorable comments (评论) about their candidate.
3．She fell off her bicycle and hurt her legs rather (相当) badly.
4．Some negative (消极的) words in English don't really mean something wrong.
5．I had rather an odd (奇特的) experience the other day.
6．Any head teacher who made errors like this would be fired.
7．If you must have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.
8．Their holiday was ruined by a whole series of misadventures (事故)．
9．When selecting boots (靴子), fine, quality leather will be a wise investment.
10．His office had its own private entrance (入口)．
维度二 词形转换
1．This argument sounds reasonable, but actually (actual) it's incorrect.
2．If I've hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention (intend)．
3．Sometimes formal English and informal (formal) English must be carefully distinguished.
4．I suggest that we meet on a regular basis (base) to discuss progress.
5．Public awareness (aware) of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.
6．After thirty years of trading, the company enjoys global recognition (recognise)．
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．After singing all night in the tavern, I had a frog in the throat (说话困难) next morning.
2．The children are aware of (意识到，觉察到) the danger of taking drugs.
3．His grandpa always played safe (谨慎行事) with his own business.
4．We should look forward to (期盼) a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom.
5．Not only did he pass this exam but (他不仅通过了考试而且) he got first prize.
6．Facing the reporter's question, he declined to make comments on/about (发表评论) the event.
PAGE
12(共27张PPT)
单元自
与提升Writing a story about a misunderstanding in English
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠解 [参考范文] [名师论道]
Last summer, I stayed with a British host family.One day, I was really surprised when Jeremy, the son of the family, told me that we would have toad in the hole for dinner.I wasn't sure whether we were going to eat a real toad in a hole.If so, how terrible! I joined them at dinner time with butterflies in my stomach.To my astonishment, a dish of sausages cooked in Yorkshire pudding (a mix that tastes a bit like pancakes)was served on the table, and it tasted delicious.It turned out that toad in the hole is a typical dish for a British dinner, and there's no toad! What an amazing experience! It was interesting to try such yummy food with a strange name. [学语言]从体裁上，要求写一篇记叙文，因此写作内容要求有时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。题目要求写一篇有关误解的故事，因此范文特别突出“误解”一词，文章两次用到感叹句“how terrible！”，“What an amazing experience！”，多次用到表示困惑、惊讶的表达“with butterflies in my stomach”，“to my astonishment”，“amazing”，将对这道菜的误解进行了生动地描绘。范文多次用到复合句，例如：I wasn't sure whether we were going to ...It turned out that ...What an amazing experience！I was really surprised when ...等提升了文章的表达效果。[学结构]文章主要分为三部分：第一部分主要交代故事的时间、地点、人物以及事件；第二部分主要叙述故事引发的困惑、误解等；第三部分主要道出结果，误会解除。另外文章的写作线索为：困惑→惊讶→恍然大悟。
佳句背诵 常用的开头语1．There was an interesting experience/story happening in 2020, which I still remember now.2020年发生了一件有趣的经历，现在我仍然记得。2．It was a beautiful day and the sun was shining.那是美好的一天，阳光灿烂。3．Up to now, I still remember one interesting/terrible/embarrassing thing which happened years ago.直到现在，我仍然记得发生在多年前的一件有趣的/可怕的/尴尬的事情。主体部分常用表达1．When I told my friend, she said I was pulling my legs.当我把这件事告诉朋友时，她说我在开玩笑。2．It occurred to me that there should be some jobs available at a KFC fast food restaurant.我突然想起来了在肯德基快餐店应该可以找到工作。3．Only when he explained this term could I understand that he was trying to find his friends.只有当他解释了这个术语后我才明白他想找到他的朋友们。常用的结束语1．It turned out that it was a delicious dish.结果那是一道美味的菜。2．Since then I have worked hard at lessons.自从那以后我努力学习功课。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
根据提示情节，用英语编写一个故事。
Yesterday，we went to Fred's birthday party.After all the dishes were served，he told us that he had bigger fish to fry.
Note：Having bigger fish to fry in English means having something more important to do.
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 一仿结构布局合理
开头：交代故事的时间、地点、人物等。
主体：叙述趣事引发的误会、困惑和惊讶。
结尾：消除误解。
Step 2 二仿语言规范美观
①昨天是我的同学弗雷德的生日，我被邀请去他家和其他一些同学一起吃晚饭。
Yesterday was my classmate Fred's birthday and I was invited to have dinner at his home with some other classmates.
②回到桌边，他告诉我们他有更大的鱼要炒，让我们等一会儿。
Returning to the table，he told us that he had bigger fish to fry and asked us to wait a moment.
③我们都希望他回来时给我们带些鱼来。
We all expected him to bring us some fish when he returned.
④他很快就两手空空地回来了。
He came back with nothing soon.
⑤我问他鱼在哪里，这使他很不解。
I asked where the fish was, which made him very puzzled.
⑥他意识到我误解了他。
He realised that I misunderstood him.
⑦他向我们解释说，在英语中，having bigger fish to fry的意思是有更重要的事情要做。
He explained to us that having bigger fish to fry means having something more important to do in English.
⑧我们都笑了，然后继续吃饭。
We all laughed and continued our dinner.
Step 3 三仿句间过渡自然
⑨用however连接句③和句④。
We all expected him to bring us some fish when he returned.However, he came back with nothing soon.
⑩用so连接句⑥和句⑦。
He realised that I misunderstood him，so he explained to us that having bigger fish to fry means having something more important to do in English.
Step 4 誊写
Yesterday was my classmate Fred's birthday and I was invited to have dinner at his home with some other classmates.
When we arrived，he had prepared all the food for us.We expressed our best wishes to him and presented him with our gifts.Then we sat around the table，enjoying the delicious food.A few minutes later，Fred got up from his seat and answered a call.Returning to the table，he told us that he had bigger fish to fry and asked us to wait a moment.We all expected him to bring us some fish when he returned.However, he came back with nothing soon.I asked where the fish was，which made him very puzzled.Suddenly，he realised that I misunderstood him，so he explained to us that having bigger fish to fry means having something more important to do in English.We all laughed and continued our dinner.
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