(共68张PPT)
素养目标
单元知识抢先知
文化意识
正确认识中外家庭
必记单词
(主题语境:家庭生活)
观念和生活方式的
异同,深入理解良
意义,形成正确的 char cter
chara
好家庭关系的重要
approach
focus
人生观、价值观
assume
respect
Ignore
professional
重点短语
思维品质
talent
能够概括与总结良好
the lead
option
家庭关系的基本特 responsible memory turn to
征;能够联系自身实
am
际,合理选择解决家
f
ocus on
庭矛盾的有效途径,
Issue
theme
经典句型
积极探索构建现代和
observe
range
raise one s voIce
apologise
That is because
谐家庭的新方式。
stress calm down
impact
strength
学习能力
admire
be proud of
那是因为
能够通过了解与家庭ette
feature take one 's advice
生活有关的内容,激
typically
individual
动名词短语作主语核心语法
发英语学习的兴趣
style
能够选择恰当的策略
contain
st detail jump in with both feet
3.with复合结构
复习时态
与方法、监控、评
apply to
价、反思和调整自己 powerful
track
in trouble
4主语++形容词+话题写作
的学习内容和进程
obviously
desp
entire
enormously now and then
to do sth
写一段
语言能力 positive
leave. behind
家庭往事
单元话
题导入
A鱼Starting out & Understanding ideas
Fatherhood (父亲的身份) can come in many different forms.Besides a natural father, a grandfather or uncle can also be considered to be the fatherhood if a child's father is absent or unable to provide the proper guidance，love or support.Whatever forms a father figure takes，he can have a positive influence on a kid.
A father figure can have a positive influence on a young child if he uses a slightly different way to educate his child from the mother.As children grow older and head towards adulthood, they depend on the adults in their lives for advice and guidance.Many teenagers and young adults depend on their father figures for examples of how men should behave.
It may be easier for a strong father figure to set rules for a boy than it is for his mother — or mother figure — no matter how strong she is.This is particularly suitable for adolescent (青春期的) boys, who may struggle to follow rules set by a mother figure.
Father figures can have a great effect on a young girl's self worth.A girl whose father figure truly believes in her will more likely have the confidence to overcome challenges and meet her goals.It's believed that a girl who feels accepted and loved unconditionally by her father figure is more likely to make good choices in her future partner.
[理解]
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1．What's the proper title for the passage
The Role of Father Figures.
2．What's the author's attitude towards father figures
Positive.
3．What's the author's purpose of writing the text
To show the importance of father figures.
[积累]
1．absent adj. 缺席的，不在的
2．guidance n. 指导
3．have a positive influence on 对……有积极影响
4．struggle to follow rules 难以遵守规则
5．confidence n. 信心
6．overcome v. 克服
7．unconditionally adv. 无条件地
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
Like Father, Like Son
(The living room.Friday night.A table and two chairs at front centre.Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess.)
Grandfather：And ...I win!
(Son enters room.)
Father：Not again! Oh look, here comes my boy.How are you, son
Son：(nervously approaching① the table)Erm ...Dad, can we talk
Father：Sure! You know you can always turn to② your dad for a chat③.
Son：OK.Here it is.I've decided not to go to university.I want to focus④ on my band⑤ and have a career⑥in music when I leave school.
Father：(raising his voice⑦in surprise⑧)You can't be serious! What about your future career as a lawyer⑨？！
Son：I knew you'd say that.[1]You just assume⑩ I want to be a lawyer, but that's only because you are a lawyer.
[1]本句为but连接的并列句，前一个分句中包含一个宾语从句；后一个分句中because引导表语从句。
Father：What's wrong with being a lawyer？Lawyers help people and are respected by others.
Son：Yes, but I'm not interested in law.I want to work in a studio ， not a court .
Grandfather：(looking at Father) Calm down .OK
Father：(ignoring Grandfather's words) Stop daydreaming! Playing in a band is not a job.
Son：Of course it is! The music industry is developing fast now.
[2]Making music is a job.
[2]Making music为动名词短语作主语。
Grandfather：(stepping between Father and Son and raising his voice) Hey! I told you to calm down, both of you!
Father：But I told him to study something useful at university!
Grandfather：(laughing)Easy, son！[3] I remember when you were his age ， you said that you wanted to be a professional football player.
Father：And you wanted me to be an engineer!
[3]remember后为省略了that的宾语从句；从句中when引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句。
Grandfather：I just wanted you to be happy, and an engineer — a happy engineer.
Father：But in the end ， you just advised me to think carefully.
Grandfather：Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents.I'm so proud of you.Your son is proud of you, too.
Son：Of course I am, but I have different talents.
Grandfather：(turning to Son) Why don't you also take my advice and think carefully before jumping in with both feet？
Son：Well, I could try ...
Grandfather：If you go to university and play music at the same time， you will have two options for your future.And [4]I'm sure playing in a band will help you make lots of new friends at university.
Father：Yes, lots of new lawyer friends!
Son：(with a sigh) Dad ...
(Curtain)
[4]sure后面为宾语从句，其中动名词短语playing in a band在从句中作主语。
①approach v． 走近，靠近
②turn to 向……求助
③chat n． 闲谈，聊天
④focus v． (把……)集中(于)
focus on 集中(注意力)于
⑤band n． 乐队
⑥career n． 职业，事业
⑦raise one's voice 提高嗓门
⑧in surprise 吃惊地，惊讶地
⑨lawyer n． 律师
⑩assume v． 假定，假设，认为
respect v． 尊敬，敬重
studio n． (音乐)录音室
court n． 法院，法庭
calm down 平静下来
ignore v． 忽视，不理
step v． 迈步
be one's age 在某人那么大时
professional adj. 职业的，专业的
in the end 最后，最终
suit v． 适合
talent n． 天赋，才能
be proud of 因……而感到自豪
take one's advice 采纳某人的意见
jump in with both feet 全心全意地从事；不加思索地匆匆投入
at the same time 同时
option n． 选择，可选择的东西
sigh v． 叹气，叹息(尤因厌烦、失望、疲倦等)
[参考译文]
有其父必有其子
(起居室。星期五晚上。舞台正前方有一张桌子、两把椅子。祖父和父亲坐在桌边下国际象棋。)
祖父：嗯……我赢了！(儿子走进房间。)
父亲：怎么又输了！哦，看看，我儿子来了。最近怎么样啊，儿子？
儿子：(小心翼翼地走近桌子)呃……老爸，咱们能聊聊吗？
父亲：当然！你随时都可以找你老爸聊天啊。
儿子：好吧，是这样，我已决定不上大学了。我想专心搞我的乐队，毕业后走音乐这条路。
父亲：(惊讶地抬高声音说)你是在开玩笑吧！你不准备做律师了吗？！
儿子：我就知道您会这么说。您以为我想做律师，可那只是因为您自己是一名律师。
父亲：做律师哪里不好啦？律师帮助别人，还受人尊敬。
儿子：的确，但我对法律不感兴趣。我想在录音棚里工作，不想在法院工作。
祖父：(看着父亲)先冷静一下，好吗？
父亲：(没有理会祖父的话)别做白日梦了！在乐队里演奏不是一份工作。
儿子：当然是！现在音乐产业发展得很快。做音乐是一份工作。
祖父：(走到父亲和儿子中间，提高嗓门)嘿！我说了冷静点，你们俩！
父亲：可我也说了他得去上大学，学些有用的东西！
祖父：(笑)别生气，儿子！我记得你像他这么大的时候，你说你想当一名职业足球运动员。
父亲：可您想让我做工程师！
祖父：我只是希望你能开心，而且能当一名工程师——一名开心的工程师。
父亲：但最后您只是建议我认真考虑。
祖父：是的，而且你找到了适合你天赋的职业。我以你为荣。你的儿子也以你为荣。
儿子：没错，但是我的天赋(和你的)并不一样。
祖父：(对儿子说)要不然你也按照我说的，三思而后行？
儿子：嗯，我可以试试……
祖父：如果你边上大学边搞音乐，你将来就会有两种选择。而且，我相信加入乐队能让你在大学里结识很多新朋友。
父亲：是的，很多新的律师朋友！
儿子：(叹了口气)老爸……
(落幕)
Step One：Pre reading
Tick the things you would ask your parents about for advice.
□school studies
□friendship troubles
□joining an after school club
□getting a new hairstyle
□shopping for new clothes and shoes
□choosing your future area of study
(Answers may vary.)
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What does the conversation mainly about
A．The conflict between Father and Son about the career.
B．The advice from Grandfather.
C．The talent of Son.
D．The suitable career for Son.
答案：A
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What is Father's reaction to the boy's idea about his future
A．Happy. B．Surprised.
C．Angry. D．Calm.
2．What can be learned from the experience of the father
A．He was advised to think carefully.
B．He wanted to be an engineer.
C．He became a professional player.
D．A career of lawyer wasn't suitable for him.
3．Which of the following is similar to “jump in with both feet”？
A．Focus one's attention on.
B．Begin something without thinking.
C．Give up.
D．Join a kind of sport.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．The son would give up music.
B．The son would become a lawyer.
C．The son may try to go to university and play music at the same time.
D．The boy and the father agreed with each other at last.
5．Which column may the passage be taken from
A．Entertainment. B．Employment.
C．Sports. D．Family.
答案：1～5 BABCD
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Grandfather and Father are playing chess 1.when Son comes in.The son tells his father that he has decided not to go to university, which surprises his father.Father is a lawyer, and intends his son to choose the same career as well, because lawyers help people and 2.are respected (respect) by others.However, the son is 3.interested (interest) in playing music.Father doesn't understand his son and has 4.an argument with him.Grandfather has no 5.choice (choose) but to calm both of them down.He reminds Father of his decision when Father was his son's age.At that time, Father chose a career 6.suiting (suit) his own talents.Grandfather didn't force Father 7.to follow (follow) his will and was even proud of Father.Finally, Grandfather asks Son to take his advice 8.seriously (serious) that he should go to university and play music at the same time.9.In his opinion, Son can make lots of new friends at university.Father accepts it, 10.saying (say) “You can make lots of new lawyer friends.”
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．three main characters 三位主角
2．approach the Eiffel Tower 走近埃菲尔铁塔
3．have a chat 聊天
4．focus on three main problems 集中在三个主要问题上
5．a brilliant career 一帆风顺的事业
6．a highly respected teacher 一位备受尊敬的老师
7．appear in court 出庭
8．ignore their advice 不考虑他们的建议
9．professional skills 专业技能
10．the younger generation 年轻一代
11．the gap between rich and poor 贫富之间的差距
12．A lawyer is a person trained and qualified to advise people about the law.(law)
13．It is assumed that his actions were based on a false assumption.(assume)
14．It is suitable for him to be dressed in a business suit, which suits him well.(suit)
15．The talented child has shown talent for arts since her early age.(talent)
16．Certain courses are compulsory, others are optional, so they have various options.(option)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
1．profession n．职业，专业＋ al→professional adj.职业的，专业的
personal adj.个人的 regional adj.区域的
exceptional adj.例外的 traditional adj.传统的
2．suit v．适合＋ able→suitable adj.合适的
enjoyable adj.快乐的 eatable adj.可食用的
variable adj.易变的 washable adj.耐洗的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．This course is specially designed for beginners like you, focusing on (专注于) listening and speaking practice.
2．In this case we have no choice but to turn to (求助于) others.
3．Calm down (冷静下来) and tell me what happened.
4．It's difficult to find a time that is suitable for (适合) everybody.
5．They are proud of (因……而自豪) their daughter who becomes a famous singer.
6．The situation is easy to change if you take my advice (听取我的意见)．
7．He realized he had a talent for (对……有天赋) playing football.
8．Will it be convenient for you to have a chat with (与……聊天) me on the Internet tonight
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] Oh look, here comes my boy.
[句式分析] 方位副词置于句首时引起完全倒装。
[佳句仿写] 那里矗立着一座可以追溯到明代的古塔。
There stands an old tower which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
2．[教材原句] You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that's only because you are a lawyer.
[句式分析] That is because ...“那是因为……”。
[佳句仿写] 我知道那是因为我没有在课后多花时间去记它们。
I know that is because I don't spend much time memorizing them after class.
3．[教材原句] Playing in a band is not a job.
[句式分析] 动名词短语作主语。
[佳句仿写] 有时候，放弃一点可能意味着得到更多。
Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.
1．approach v．走近，靠近； n．靠近；方法；途径；道路
(教材P27) nervously approaching the table
小心翼翼地走近桌子
an approach to ... ……的方法；去……的道路
at the approach of 在……将要来到的时候
(经典佳句)(2020·浙江高考)As I approached the tractor he jumped out onto the road.
当我靠近拖拉机时，他跳到了路上。
[练透] 一词多义
①(2020·浙江高考)In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. 方法
②(2019·北京高考)She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
靠近，接近
单句语法填空
③The job market has changed and our approaches to finding (find) work must change as well.
[写美] 一句多译
随着七夕节(the Qixi Festival)的临近，许多商店正在出售情人节物品。
④With the Qixi Festival approaching, many shops are selling Valentine's Day items.(approach v．)
⑤At the approach of the Qixi Festival, many shops are selling Valentine's Day items.(approach n．)
[名师点津] 当approach表示“……的方法/途径”时，后常接介词to；当表示某人或某物来临时，其后常接介词of。
2．focus v．(把……)集中(于)；聚焦 n．焦点；中心点
(教材P27) I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.
我想专心搞我的乐队，毕业后走音乐这条路。
(1)focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于……
focus one's attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到某事上
(2)the focus of attention 关注的焦点
come into focus (使某事)成为焦点
(经典佳句) The visit helped to focus world attention on the difficulty of the refugees.
这次访问促使全世界关注难民困境。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing (focus) on your listeners.
②These issues have recently come into sharp focus.
[写美] 句式升级
Because he focused his attention on his homework，he didn't know what was happening outside.
→③Focusing his attention on his homework，he didn't know what was happening outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
→④With his attention focused on his homework, he didn't know what was happening outside.(with复合结构)
[巧学助记] The teacher reminded Tom to focus his attention on what she was saying.Other students looked at him and he became the focus of the class.
老师提醒汤姆集中注意力听她说话。其他同学都看着他，他成了全班的焦点。
3．assume v．假定，假设，认为；承担
(教材P27) You just assume I want to be a lawyer ...
只是您以为我想做律师……
(1)assume ...to be ... 认为……是……；假定……是……
assume that ... 认为……；假定……
It is assumed that ... 人们认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption about 对……作出假定
(经典佳句)We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.
在证实他有罪之前我们要假定他是清白的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏高考)We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.
②We assumed him to be (be) the best writer of our time.
③We tend to make assumptions(assume)about our staff's ability based on very little evidence.
[写美] 补全句子
④据推测，全球变暖和气候变化在未来可能会导致更多的灾难。
It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.
4．respect v．尊敬，敬重，尊重；遵守 n．尊重，尊敬；问候；方面
(教材P27) Lawyers help people and are respected by others.
律师帮助别人，还受人尊敬。
(1)respect sb./sth.for sth. 因某事尊敬/尊重某人/某物
(2)show/have respect for ... 对……表示尊重/尊敬
win/gain/earn the respect of ... 赢得……的尊重
(3)give/send one's respects to 代某人向……问候
(4)with respect 尊敬地
(经典佳句)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的。
[练透] 一词多义
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)In my mind, my English teacher is the person I respect most.尊重，尊敬
②Please convey my respects to your parents. 问候
③In most respects, the new film is better than the original. 方面
④I was always taught to respect the law. 遵守
单句语法填空
⑤I have great respect for the old professor.
⑥You really should treat your parents with more respect.
[写美] 一句多译
她一直对我很诚实，因此我非常敬重她。
⑦She has always been honest with me, and I respect her for that.(respect v．)
⑧She has always been honest with me, and I show/have respect for her for that.(respect n．)
[名师点津] respect意为“问候”时，常用复数形式。
5．suit v．适合
(教材P27) Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents.
是的，而且你找到了适合你天赋的职业。
(1)suit sb.fine 很合某人的意；对某人很合适
suit sth.to sth. 使某事物适合于另一事物
(2)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的；恰当的
be suitable for ... 适合于……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(经典佳句)If not, let me know what time suits you best.
如果那样不可以，请让我知道什么时间最适合你。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He can suit his conversation to whoever he is with.
②What aspects of your study habits are not suitable to match (match) your learning style
[写美] 一句多译
如果你想坐公共汽车去，我也没问题。
③If you want to go by bus, that suits me.(suit)
④If you want to go by bus, that is suitable for me.(suitable)
[辨清] suit/fit/match
suit 多指符合需要、口味、性格条件等。尤其用来指衣着的样式、颜色、设计等适合
fit 指大小、形状等适合
match “相配，配得上”，指在品质、颜色、设计等方面相当或相配
6.talent n．天赋，才能；有才能的人
(1)have a talent for ... 有……的天赋
show a talent for ... 表现出……的才能
have the talent to do sth. 有做某事的天赋
a man/woman of many talents 多才多艺的男/女子
(2)talented adj. 有天赋的；有才能的
be talented in/at 在……有天赋
(经典佳句)He had a talent for getting what he wanted.
他很有天赋，能够心想事成。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I believe I have the talent to make (make) it.
②Lang Lang is a talented (talent) pianist who has drawn many people's attention abroad.
一句多译
据我所知，阿曼达有绘画天赋。
③As far as I know，Amanda has a talent for painting.(talent)
④As far as I know，Amanda is talented in/at painting.(talented)
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤我哥哥在很小的时候就表现出音乐天赋。
My brother showed a talent for music when he was very young.
[文化浸蕴] There is no such thing as a great talent without great willpower.
没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。
7．option n．选择，可选择的东西
(教材P27) If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two options for your future.
如果你边上大学边搞音乐，你将来就会有两种选择。
(1)have no option but to do 别无选择只有做……
have the option of 有……的选择
with a wide range of options 有很多选择
(2)optional adj. 可选择的；选修的
(经典佳句)The Internet increased options for movie lovers.
网络增加了电影爱好者的选择。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Students have the option of studying abroad in their second year in the university.
②We will not, however, treat this project as an extra curricular or optional (option) activity.
[写美] 补全句子
③当时我别无选择，只好请他离开。
I had no option but to ask him to leave at that time.
8．turn to求助于；查阅；翻到(书的某页)
(教材P27) You know you can always turn to your dad for a chat.
你随时都可以找你老爸聊天啊。
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn in 上交
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out 结果是，证明是；生产出
turn up 开大；出现
(经典佳句) (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)He turned to the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.
他向林业部门求助，但被告知那里什么也长不出来。
[练透] 一词多义
①In times of crisis I know which friends I can turn to. 求助于
②If you turn to page 40, you will find it. 翻到
单句语法填空
③He promised that he would come, but he hasn't turned up yet.
④You must turn in your paper on time.
⑤The experiment turned out to be a great success.
[写美] 补全句子
⑥我向他寻求帮助，他却冷眼相对。
I turned to him for help, but he gave me a cold shoulder.
[句型公式] 动名词短语作主语
(教材P27) Playing in a band is not a job.
在乐队里演奏不是一份工作。
(1)动名词(短语)作主语表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
(2)动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)动名词(短语)作主语时，有时用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于句尾。常见句型：
It is useless/nice/good/worth/no use/no good/a waste of time＋doing ...
(经典佳句)Ignoring the differences will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
忽视差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Walking in the sun in such a day is (be) a pleasant thing.
②Playing (play) football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
[写美] 补全句子
③劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
[文化浸蕴] It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
维度一 品句填词
1．There was not a single sympathetic character (人物) in the movie.
2．They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching (走近) their table.
3．Many famous actors are on pins and needles before the curtain (帷幕) opens for a play.
4．Now some scientists are focusing (把……集中于) on the possibility to bring back extinct species.
5．She is now concentrating on a career (职业) as a fashion designer.
6．We managed to record the whole of the concert from a live studio (录音室) broadcast.
7．The gap (差距) between rich and poor is still widening.
8．The court (法庭) declared that what the young man did was illegal.
9．It's our duty to preserve the planet for future generations.
10．He used to spend much time chatting on WeChat or playing computer games.
维度二 词形转换
1．(2020·江苏高考)If you see humor as an optional (option) form of entertainment，you're missing some of its biggest benefits.
2．Everybody said Jane was a talented (talent) girl because she did well in all her subjects.
3．Each room has books, toys, and games that are suitable (suit) for that particular age group.
4．When I was your age, I really expected to be a professional (profession) reporter at the local newspaper.
5．Our ties are mature, respectful (respect) and important to both our nations and to the world.
6．He could have made a fortune as a lawyer (law), but he chose to be a painter.
7．Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant (ignore) about current politics.
8．These calculations are based on the assumption (assume) that prices will continue to rise.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．Only if you focus your attention on (把你的注意力集中在) your study can you learn it well.
2．This is because we finally realized (这是因为我们最终认识到) that it is actually a very eco friendly lifestyle.
3．Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am very suitable for (非常适合) this job.
4．He was proud of (对……感到骄傲) his son's remarkable performance.
5．We had no option but (除了……别无选择) to go on at that time.
PAGE
16(共49张PPT)
A鱼
般现在时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去进
时态
现在进行时
般将来
般过去时
过去将来时Using language
Grammar——复习时态
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．一般现在时
(1)表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。
He does his homework before dinner every evening.
他每天晚上晚饭前做作业。
(2)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与often, usually, sometimes, always等连用。
They always care for each other and help each other.
他们总是互相关心、互相帮助。
(3)表示客观真理或客观存在的事实。
Time and tide wait for no man.
岁月不等人。
(4)表示计划、安排好的将来的动作。常用于表示位置转移的动词，如：go, come, arrive, leave, start, begin等。
The train for Hankou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.
开往汉口的列车于早上8点发车。
(5)在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.
请你一到德国就给我打电话。
I'll write to her when I have time.
有时间我会写信给她。
2．现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。可以表示最近完成的动作，也可以表示经历或经验。常与just, recently, so far, up to now，till now, ever, never等连用。
I have just cleaned my clothes.
我刚洗过衣服。
(2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for, since, these days, this year, now等。
She has taught in the school for ten years.
她在这所学校教书已经10年了。
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
[名师点津] 表示短暂意义的动词(动作不能持续)，如arrive, begin, borrow, buy, come, die, join, leave等，其现在完成时的肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要时要用相应的表示延续状态的动词替换。
(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可表示将来完成时。
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
我一写完信就会寄出的。
As long as you have cleaned all the windows，you are allowed to play.
只要你把所有的窗户擦完，你就可以玩了。
(4)经常用于以下句型：
①It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句
It is/has been about 5 days since she left here.
自从她离开这里大约有5天了。
It is/has been 3 years since he lived here.
他不在这里生活已经有3年了。
②This (It) is the first (second ...) time that＋现在完成时
This is the first time that I have been here.
这是我第一次来这里。
3．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在发生的动作，常和now, right now, at this moment等时间状语及动词look, listen等连用，这是现在进行时的“暂时性”特征。
We are waiting for you now.
我们正等着你呢。
(2)表示目前一段时间内一直在发生的动作，但是说话时不一定在发生，常和these days, this week, at present等时间状语连用，这是现在进行时的“阶段性”特征。
She is learning to swim recently.
她最近正在学游泳。
We are having a wonderful time.
我们(这几天)玩得很开心。
(3)现在进行时表示将来。go，come, start, leave, arrive, return等表示位置移动的动词可以用现在进行时表示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing next week.
我下周要去北京。
(4)现在进行时可与always，forever，continually，constantly等副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，含有抱怨、赞叹、厌倦等感彩。
He is always asking the same question.
他总是问同一个问题。
[即时演练1] 单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It means (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.
②(2020·天津高考)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain) around that level ever since.
③(2020·江苏高考)If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that suits (suit) everyone.
④Look! The monkey is climbing (climb) the banana tree.
⑤Hurry up! The train is leaving (leave)．We must get on as soon as possible.
⑥I don't know whether my sister will come.If she comes (come), I will let you know.
4．一般过去时
(1)主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I saw him in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上看见他了。
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。
When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day.
十几岁时，我几乎每天都打乒乓球。
(3)在以下句型中，常用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。
It is (high/about) time (that) you went to bed.
你该睡觉了。
I would rather they came tomorrow.
我宁愿他们明天来。
[名师点津] 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在造成的影响，强调的是影响。
(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语有yesterday，last week, ...ago，in 1980，just now等具体的时间状语；现在完成时的时间状语有for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up to now，in the past years等不确定的时间状语。
5．过去完成时
(1)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
The train had left before I arrived at the station.
我到车站之前火车就开走了。
(2)表示愿望、打算的词(如hope, think, want, plan, expect)用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、打算、希望或意图。
(2019·天津高考)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
我本希望送彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，可是我没有做到。
(3)“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
他说他的启蒙老师至少10年前就过世了。
Xiao Hua left school three years ago.
肖华于三年前毕业。
(4)可用于以下句型中：
①在hardly/scarcely ...when ...，no sooner ...than ...句型中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。
She had hardly/scarcely gone to bed when the cellphone rang.
＝Hardly/Scarcely had she gone to bed when the cellphone rang.
她刚刚睡下手机就响了。
②This (That/It) was the first (second ...) time that ...＋过去完成时。
This was the first time that Tom had climbed the Mount Tai.
这是汤姆第一次爬泰山。
[名师点津] 在before和after引导的时间状语从句中，若表示两个过去的动作相继发生，两个动作都用一般过去时，前一个动作不必用过去完成时。
After he left the room, the boss came in.
他离开房间后老板进来了。
6．过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。
[即时演练2] 单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang'e 4 probe (探测器)— the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole Aitken basin.
②(2020·浙江高考)As more children were born, more food was needed (need)．
③(2020·浙江高考)By about 6000 BC, people had discovered (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
④(2020·江苏高考)Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected(expect), he examined the previous work again.
⑤We were talking (talk) about your book this morning.The book is excellent.
7．一般将来时
(1)表示将来的动作或状态，常用“will/shall＋动词原形”，与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week等。
We will have a meeting tomorrow.
我们明天要开会。
(2)be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
秋收即将开始。
8．过去将来时
过去将来时表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。
He always said that he would study hard at that time.
他那时总是说他会努力学习的。
[即时演练3] 单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏高考)Technological innovations，combined with good marketing, will promote (promote) the sales of these products.
②We will go (go) out for a picnic this weekend.Would you like to attend it
③He promised that he would come (come), but he hasn't arrived until now.
④(2020·浙江高考)The curtains are about to open (open), and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
1．responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的
(教材P29) Who's responsible
谁负责呢？
(1)responsibility n. 责任；义务
have (the/a) responsibility to do ... 有责任/有义务做……
bear/take the responsibility for 对……负责
a sense of responsibility 责任感
(2)be responsible for＝be to blame for 对……负责
(经典佳句)The minister was responsible for the disaster and resigned.
部长对这场灾难负责并引咎辞职。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He is free from any sense of responsibility(responsible)．
②As for me, I am so confident that I think I can have the responsibility to be (be) a volunteer for this event.
[写美] 一句多译
没有人想对这个问题负责。
③No one wants to be responsible for the problem.(responsible)
④No one wants to take/bear the responsibility for the problem.(responsibility)
⑤No one wants to be to blame for the problem.(blame v．)
2．aim v．力求达到；力争做到；目的是；旨在；瞄准；对准 n．目的；目标；瞄准
(教材P31) It aims to deepen people's understanding of issues that are related to families.
它的目的是加深人们对与家庭有关的问题的认识。
(1)aim at doing sth./to do sth. 企图/力求做某事
be aimed at (doing) sth. 旨在/目的在于
(2)achieve one's aim 达到某人的目的
with the aim of 为了……，目的是……
without aim 无目的地
(3)aimless adj. 无目的的
(4)aimlessly adv. 无目的地
(经典佳句)These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.
这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Then a discussion will be held, aiming (aim) to improve mutual understanding.
②She said that her life seemed aimless (aim) after her children left home.
补全句子
③印发该传单的目的是提高公众对这种疾病的认识。
The leaflet has been produced with the aim of increasing public awareness of the disease.
[写美] 一句多译
这一措施的目的是减少交通事故。
④The aim of this measure is to reduce road accidents.(aim n．)
⑤This measure aims at reducing road accidents.(aim v．)
⑥This measure aims to reduce road accidents.(aim v．)
3．observe v．庆祝，过(节日、生日等)；观察，观测；看到，注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)
(教材P31) With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events ...
每年有一个不同的主题，这天用许多活动来庆祝……
(1)observe sb.do sth. 观察到某人做了某事
observe sb.doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事
observe sb./sth.done 观察到某人/某物被……
observe＋that从句 发现……
(2)observation n. 观察
(3)observer n. 观察员
(经典佳句)The patients were observed over a period of several months.
这些病人被观察了数月之久。
[练透] 一词多义
①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.
遵守
②The villagers observe the autumn harvest and look forward to the better crops next year.
庆祝
③Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face. 观察到
单句语法填空
④In hospital she'll be under observation (observe) all the time.
[写美] 句型转换
⑤The police observed the man enter the bank.
→The man was observed to enter the bank by the police.(改为被动句)
⑥She observed a man walking on the opposite of the way.
→She observed that a man was walking on the opposite of the way.(改为宾语从句)
[巧学助记] When we attend the parade to observe the National Day, we must observe the traffic regulations.If we observe someone run a red light, we should stop him.
当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。
4．range n．一系列；种类；范围
(1)a wide range of 广泛的
beyond/out of one's range 超出某人的能力范围
within the range of 在……范围之内
(2)range v. (在一定范围内)变动，变化；排列；包括(从……
到……)之间的各类事物
range
(经典佳句)In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond.
在任何一间办公室里，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The room rates at this motel range from $30 to $50 per day.
②There are a number of companies that create robots to teach subjects to children, ranging (range) from biology to computer science.
[写美] 补全句子
③这种工作我做不了。
This type of work is beyond/out of my range.
④在这个问题上，存在着很多不同的意见。
There is a wide range of opinions on this issue.
5．apologise v．道歉
(教材P31) Act out the conversation to apologise to a family member.
表演对话，向家人道歉。
(1)apologise to sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉；辩白
make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
(经典佳句)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)After a while, she apologised for the way she behaved at the beginning.
过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①You must apologise to her for having kept (keep) her waiting.
②I offered her an apology (apologise), but she wouldn't accept it.
[写美] 一句多译
你应该为你的粗心向她道歉。
③You should make an apology to her for your carelessness.(apology)
④You should apologise to her for your carelessness.(apologise)
6．stress n．重音，重读；压力；重要性；v.强调；重读
(教材P31) Placing stress on particular words can have a big impact on the meaning and strength of apologies.
重读特定的词语会对道歉的意义和力度产生很大的影响。
(1)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(2)under stress 在压力下
lay/put great/much stress on 重视
(3)stressful adj. 紧张的，有压力的
(经典佳句)In “strategic” the stress falls on the second syllable.
strategic一词的重音在第二个音节。
[练透] 一词多义
①Stress is a major problem of modern life. 压力
②He is careful to stress the laboratory's safety standards are the best in the country. 强调
③In the word “engine” you should stress the first syllable. 重读
单句语法填空
④Some people have to lead stressful (stress) lifestyles out of necessity.
⑤Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
[写美] 一句多译
他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
⑥He laid/put great/much stress on receiving a good education.(stress n．)
⑦He stressed the importance of receiving a good education.(stress v．)
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．They aimed to make (make) the country safe from terrorist attacks.
2．Police work is physically demanding and stressful (stress)．
3．She complained to the company and they sent her a written apology (apologise)．
4．The anti smoking campaign had quite an impact on young people.
5．I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made (make) over the years.
6．On the last day of our week long stay，we were invited (invite) to attend a private concert.
7．As you go through this book，you will find (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
8．If my brother comes (come) back from Beijing tomorrow, I will ask him to call you back.
9．—I hear you are working (work) in a pub.What's it like
—Well, it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind.
10．I would rather you went (go) shopping tomorrow.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．他总是想着怎样才能为人们多做些事情。
He is always thinking of how he could do more for the people.
2．除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
3．我小时候，妈妈很少听到我在公共场合唱歌。
My mother seldom heard me singing in public when I was young.
4．我已经多次劝说我父亲戒烟。
I have persuaded my father to give up smoking for many times.
5．2022年冬奥会将在北京和张家口举行。
The 2022 Winter Olympic Games will take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
6．到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1,000多封信。
By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
用正确的时态填空
Xiao Ming is very excited today, because his parents 1.will be (be) back from America.This is the first time that he 2.has been (be) away from his family for such a long time.They 3.phoned (phone) him yesterday and said, “We 4.are leaving (leave) for the airport at four o'clock, because the plane 5.takes (take) off at six.Are you 6.coming (come) to the airport to meet us？” “Of course，” he said.Just now he as well as his grandpa 7.was (be) going to meet his parents at the airport.They were about 8.to lock (lock) the door when the phone 9.rang (ring)．It was Xiao Ming's parents.“We 10.will arrive (arrive) home in half an hour.” What a great surprise!
PAGE
11(共56张PPT)
A鱼Developing ideas
03/Sport 28 September 2016
JUST A BROTHER
It was the final part of the 2016 World Triathlon Series① in Mexico.[1]With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place② and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead③.[2]Alistair pushed himself towards the finish line in the burning heat, but as he came round the corner, he saw his brother about to fall onto the track④. Alistair had to choose — brotherly love, or a chance to win the race
[1]本句为and连接的并列句。句中with复合结构作状语。
[2]本句为but连接的并列句。第二个分句中as引导时间状语从句。
For Alistair, the choice was clear.His brother was in trouble⑤.He had to help.Alistair ran towards Jonny, caught him and started pulling him towards the finish line.Alistair then pushed his brother over the line.The move⑥ put Jonny in second place and Alistair himself in third.It was an unexpected⑦ end to the race, but Alistair did not want to discuss it with the media⑧.[3]He just wanted to see his younger brother, who had been rushed to the medical area.
[3]who引导非限制性定语从句。
[4]The Brownlee brothers have been doing triathlons since they were children.“Obviously⑨， when your older brother is doing it, you think it's a cool thing to do, ”says Jonny.[5]Alistair says that they encourage each other as much as they can when they train.Despite⑩ arguments over “stupid things” now and then ， Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage .“Throughout my entire life, I've had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do.It has been an enormously positive force .”
[4]since引导时间状语从句。
[5]that引导宾语从句；as引导比较状语从句。
Watched by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions ：should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain：“Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.” At that moment, he was no longer an athlete aiming for a medal— he was just a brother.
①series n． 系列比赛
the 2016 World Triathlon Series 2016年世界铁人三项系列赛
②in third place 位居第三
③in the lead 领先
④track n． 跑道
⑤in trouble 处于困境，陷入麻烦
⑥move n． 行动，举动
⑦unexpected adj. 出乎意料的
⑧media n． 新闻媒体，传媒
⑨obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地
⑩despite prep. 尽管，虽然
argument n． 争论，争吵
now and then 不时，偶尔
advantage n． 优势
entire adj. 全部的，整个的
beat v． 击败，打败
enormously adv. 非常，极其
force n． 力，力量
divided opinions 不同的观点
disqualify v． (因犯规而)取消……的资格
be highly praised 受到高度赞扬
leave ...behind 把……丢下，把……抛在后面
athlete n． 运动员，田径运动员
medal n． 奖牌，勋章
[参考译文]
03/体育 2016年9月28日
只是一位兄长
这是2016年在墨西哥举行的世界铁人三项系列赛的最后一程。距终点还有700米，阿利斯泰尔·布朗利位列第三，他的弟弟乔尼处于领先地位。阿利斯泰尔在酷热中奋力奔向终点，但就在他转过弯道时，却看到弟弟快要倒在跑道上。阿利斯泰尔必须作出选择——是要手足之情，还是要赢得比赛？
对阿利斯泰尔来说，如何选择显而易见。弟弟遇到了麻烦，他必须施以援手。阿利斯泰尔跑向乔尼，抓住他，并拖着他跑向终点。接着，阿利斯泰尔把乔尼推过终点线。这一举动使乔尼获得第二名，而他自己则位列第三。这是一个意料之外的结局，但阿利斯泰尔并不想与媒体讨论此事。他只想去探望被紧急送到医疗区的弟弟。
布朗利兄弟从小就接触铁人三项。“显然，当你的哥哥参加铁人三项时，你会觉得这很酷。”乔尼说道。阿利斯泰尔称，他们在训练的时候尽可能地互相鼓励。尽管偶尔会为一些“蠢事”争吵，阿利斯泰尔仍然觉得有个兄弟是种优势。“在我的一生中，我的弟弟总想在各个方面打败我。这对我来说是非常积极的动力。”
有数百万人目睹了这场比赛的结局，但对此也是众说纷纭：兄弟二人是应该因他们的行为被取消比赛资格，还是应该被高度赞扬？但是对阿利斯泰尔而言，他的决定很容易解释：“要是我撇下乔尼，妈妈肯定会不高兴的。”在那一刻，他不再是一名想赢得奖牌的运动员——他只是一位兄长。
Step One：Pre reading
What's brotherly love
Brotherly love is based on the experience that we all are one.In brotherly love there is the experience of union with all men.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
The text mainly tells us .
A．people's different opinions about the Brownlee brothers
B．love and competition are equally important in the match
C．the value of brotherly love
D．love is precious
答案：C
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．When did the story take place
A．In the Olympic Games.
B．In the 2016 World Triathlon Series.
C．In the World Championship.
D．In a marathon.
2．What's Alistair's choice
A．To help his brother.
B．To win the game.
C．To find a doctor.
D．To rush his brother to the hospital.
3．Why does Alistair think that having a brother is “an advantage”？
A．Because he can't leave his brother when they train.
B．Because he likes arguing with his brother over “stupid things”．
C．Because his brother sets him a good example to learn from.
D．Because his brother can bring him positive force in everything.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Alistair was in the lead when his brother was about to fall.
B．Alistair was younger than his brother.
C．Alistair may have won the race.
D．Alistair thought what he did was wrong.
答案：1～4 BADC
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was the final part of the 2016 World Triathlon Series in Mexico.With only 700 metres 1.to go (go), Alistair pushed 2.himself (he) towards the finish line in the 3.burning (burn)heat，but he saw his brother about 4.to fall (fall) onto the track.Alistair had to choose — brotherly love, or a chance to win the race
Alistair ran towards Jonny, 5.caught (catch) him and started pulling him towards the finish line.Alistair then pushed his brother over the line.The move put Jonny in 6.second (two) place and Alistair himself in third.It was 7.an unexpected end to the race，but Alistair did not want to discuss 8.it with the media.He just wanted to see his younger brother,9.who had been rushed to the 10.medical (medicine) area.Because at that moment，he was no longer an athlete aiming for a medal — he was just a brother.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．judge a person by one's appearance 以貌取人
2．settle the problem 解决问题
3．a double page feature on global warming 关于全球变暖的跨页特写
4．children with individual needs 有各自需求的孩子
5．a dynamic style of management 动态灵活的管理风格
6．contain no additives 不含添加剂
7．the general summary 概要
8．around the track 沿着跑道
9．a regional media campaign 一个区域性媒体宣传活动
10．despite her disabilities 尽管她身体残疾
11．the entire financial system 整个金融系统
12．all positive factors 所有积极的因素
13．receive a medal for his heroism 由于他的英勇而获得一枚奖章
14．enormously powerful 非常强大
15．Beyton is an admirable character who has won the admiration of many people.(admire)
16．He knew the detailed information of the story, so I asked him to describe the story in detail.(detail)
17．Although the man is powerful, it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.(power)
18．There is no obvious solution to the problem.Obviously, that is why he is upset.(obvious)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
power n．权力，影响力＋ ful→powerful adj.强有力的，有影响力的
skillful adj.灵巧的，熟练的 hopeful adj.有希望的
helpful adj.有益的，有用的 useful adj.有用的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Harry was in the lead (领先) at the beginning of the race.
2．Her marriage is in trouble (处于困境) and she is desperately unhappy.
3．I meet him every now and then (不时地) on the campus.
4．He was highly praised for (由于……受到高度赞扬) his research on heart disease last year.
5．Sarah, with her long legs, soon left the rest of us far behind (把……抛在后面)．
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead.
[句式分析] with复合结构。
[佳句仿写] 还有10分钟，你最好快一点儿。
With 10 minutes to go, you'd better hurry.
2．[教材原句] The Brownlee brothers have been doing triathlons since they were children.
[句式分析] since引导时间状语从句。
[佳句仿写] 自从我们上次见面以来，你变化好大。
You have changed a lot since we last met.
3．[教材原句] But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain：“Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.”
[句式分析] 主语＋be＋形容词＋to do sth.
[佳句仿写] 这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就能学会使用。
This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
1．admire v．钦佩，赞美，羡慕；欣赏，观赏
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It's her friendliness and the sense of responsibility that make me admire her.
是她的友好和责任感让我钦佩她。
(1)admire sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩某人
(2)admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕
with/in admiration 钦佩地
(3)admiring adj. 赞赏的；钦佩的；令人欣赏的
(4)admirable adj. 可钦佩的；值得赞赏的；令人羡慕的
(经典佳句)(2018·北京高考)During the Mid Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
中秋节期间，家人经常聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We admire the old scientist for his great contributions to his country.
② I'd like to express my admiration (admire) for his courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters.
③His bravery is admirable (admire) so we all like him.
[写美] 补全句子
④全场观众被她的表演深深打动，赞叹不已。
Deeply moved by her performance, the whole audience gasped with admiration.
2．judge v．认为，判断n.裁判员；法官
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.
你还需要判断你动机的质量和深度。
(1)judge sb./sth.by/from 通过……判断某人/某物
as far as I can judge 据我判断
(2)judging by/from ... 从……来看；根据……判断
(3)judgement n. 看法；判断力；判决
in one's judgement 在某人看来
(经典佳句)As the old saying goes，“You can't judge a book by/from its cover.”
俗话说：“不能以貌取人。”
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He achieved his aim more by luck than judgement(judge)．
②In my judgement (judge), it is necessary to pay him a visit.
[写美] 补全句子
③从他说的话来看，我认为他不太可能支持你的申请。
Judging by/from what he said, I think it's very unlikely that he'll be able to support your application.
[名师点津] judging by/from ...作状语时，是独立成分，不受主语的影响和限制。有类似用法的还有：
generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking 一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说；considering (that) ...考虑到……，鉴于……；providing/provided(that) ...假如……，倘若……。
3．settle v．和解，结束(争论)，解决；定居；(使)安定，(使)平静
It's time you settled your differences with your father.
现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了。
(1)settle for 勉强接受，将就
settle in/into 定居；适应新环境(或新工作)
settle down 平静下来；安顿下来；着手认真做(＋to)
(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者
(3)settled adj. 稳定的；定居的
(经典佳句)He refused to settle for anything that was second best.
他拒绝退而求其次。
[练透] 一词多义
①It took months to settle the dispute. 和解，结束
②That tour guide had come to America and settled in Boston. 定居
③It took me a few minutes to settle down before I gave a speech. 平静下来
单句语法填空
④—Why do you look so upset
— There are so many troublesome problems remaining to be settled (settle)．
⑤With a lot of difficult problems to settle (settle), the newly elected president is having a hard time.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑥他发现很难平静下来工作。
He found it hard to settle down to work.
4．detail n．细节，细微之处；详情vt.详述；详细说明
(教材P32) Features are written in an individual style, with extra detail and background.
新闻特写是用一种独特的风格写的，细节和背景信息更详细。
(1)in detail 详细地
go into detail(s) 详述
for further details 欲知详情
(2)detailed adj. 详细的；详尽的
(经典佳句)We don't know the full details of the story yet.
我们还不知道故事的全部情节。
[练透] 一词多义
①Today's newspaper gives all the ghastly details of the murder. 细节，细微之处
②The brochure details all the hotels in the area and their facilities. 详述，详尽说明
单句语法填空
③He gave me detailed (detail) instructions on how to get there.
[写美] 补全句子
④此事当另函详陈。
The matter will be explained in detail in a separate letter.
5．contain v．包含，含有；容纳；抑制，克制(强烈的感情)
(教材P32) The middle part contains the “meat” of the story，with the ending being a summary，a powerful quote or even a surprise for the reader.
中间部分是故事的“重要部分”，结尾是一个总结，一句有力的引言，甚至是给读者的一个惊喜。
(1)contain oneself 控制/克制自己
(2)container n. 容器
(3)A contains B(＝B is inside A) B在A里面
(4)A includes B(＝B is part of A) B是A的一部分
(经典佳句)(2019·天津高考)Each contains five bedrooms，toilet facilities，and a shared kitchen with a fridge and cupboard.
每个房间都有五间卧室、卫生间设施和一个带有冰箱和橱柜的共享厨房。
[练透] 一词多义
①This book contains all the information you need. 包含，含有
②The hall can contain 3,000 people. 容纳
③I'm so angry that I couldn't contain myself. 抑制，克制
[写美] 补全句子
④听到这个消息，他难以克制，突然大笑起来。
Hearing the news, he couldn't contain himself and burst into laughter.
[巧学助记] The container contains many kinds of fruits，including apples/apples included.
容器中盛着很多种水果，其中包括苹果。
6．powerful adj.强有力的，有影响(感染)力的
(1)power n． 力量，权力，电力供应
v. 给……提供动力，驱动
within one's power 在某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力/权力
be in power 执政
come to power 开始掌权/执政
a power failure 停电；电力故障
(2)powerfully adv. 强大地；强烈地
(经典佳句)She's the most powerful person in the organization.
她是该组织中最有影响力的人。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①How long should a President be allowed to remain in power
②Today's teachers are not the powerful(power)authority figures they once were.
③The new government came to power under the banner of fighting poverty.
[写美] 一句多译
我不能给你退款——恐怕这不在我的职权范围内。
④I can't give you a refund — I'm afraid it's not within my power.
⑤I can't give you a refund — I'm afraid it's beyond my power.
7．in trouble 有困难；处于困境中
(教材P32) His brother was in trouble.
弟弟遇到了麻烦。
get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦
have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难
(经典佳句)We should trust our friends, respect them and always be ready to help them when they are in trouble.
我们应信任并尊重我们的朋友，在他们有困难的时候帮助他们。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He often gets into trouble in his new school.
②I have many friends to turn to when I am in trouble.
③Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently.
[写美] 一句多译
许多家长坦承，在教育子女的问题上存在困惑。
④Many parents frankly admit that they have trouble bringing up their children.(trouble)
⑤Many parents frankly admit that they have difficulty bringing up their children.(difficulty)
8．leave behind 把……落在后面
(教材P33) Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.
要是我撇下乔尼，妈妈肯定会不高兴的。
leave out 省去，遗漏；忽略；冷落
leave ...alone 不管，不理，不干涉
leave ...aside 不予考虑，搁置一边
(经典佳句)He set off for London, leaving the children .
他动身去伦敦，把孩子们留给他们的母亲。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Let's leave the matter aside for a moment.
②The teacher stressed again that the students should not leave out any important details while retelling the story.
[写美] 补全句子
③我想去度假，迫不及待地想要离开这个地方。
I'd love to have a holiday and I can't wait to leave this place behind.
[文化浸蕴] Either one goes forward or he will be left behind.
不进则退。
1．[句型公式] since 引导时间状语从句
(教材P33) The Brownlee brothers have been doing triathlons since they were children.
布朗利兄弟从小就接触铁人三项。
句中since引导时间状语从句时，表示“自从……以来多久了”，从句中的谓语动词多用一般过去时，而主句中的谓语动词多用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
(1)since的基本用法：
①作副词，单独使用，在句中作时间状语；
②作介词，后接表示时间的名词(短语)；
③作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句通常用一般过去时。
(2)since的常见句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。
(经典佳句)(2020·江苏高考)He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
自东汉以来，他就被尊称为“医圣”。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①As is reported，it is 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded (found)．
②(2020·天津高考)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain) around that level ever since.
[写美] 补全句子
③自从大学毕业后我们就再也没有见过面。
We have never met since we graduated from the college.
2．[句型公式] 主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式
(教材P33) But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain：“Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.”
但是对阿利斯泰尔而言，他的决定很容易解释：“要是我撇下乔尼，妈妈肯定会不高兴的。”
该句型是“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其中his decision和及物动词explain构成动宾关系。在该句型中常常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：
(1)形容词常常表示主语的性质或特征。常见的此类形容词有difficult, hard, easy, good, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。
(2)不定式的动词和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但是形式上用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
(经典佳句)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good to breathe.
在夏天我喜欢很早起床。早上的新鲜空气呼吸起来真好。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The apples are hard to reach (reach)．
②The boss is hard to get along with.
[写美] 补全句子
③这个问题太难了，她答不上来。
The question is too hard for her to answer.
[名师点津] 若不定式的动词为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。
The armchair looks rather hard, but it is very comfortable to sit in.
这把扶手椅看上去很硬，但坐上去很舒服。(句中sit为不及物动词，故其后应该加介词in)
维度一 品句填词
1．Judging (判断) by his cheerful manner, he must have enjoyed his meal.
2．Each network has news features (特写), dramatic presentations, comedies and sports events.
3．You'll find this style (风格) of architecture all over the town.
4．There has been a series (系列) of activities celebrating the 80th anniversary of our school.
5．All the winners were called forward to receive the medals.
6．Despite (尽管) her terrible illness, she works hard and succeeds in the scientific research field.
7．Failure can make a positive (积极的) contribution to your life once you learn to use it.
8．I lost a file containing a lot of important documents.
9．Do you have any guidance from the team for your behaviour on the track (跑道)
10．The media (媒体) have been filled with tales of horror and loss resulting from Monday's earthquake.
维度二 词形转换
1．He was a powerful (power) force in British politics during the war years.
2．I wanted to express my admiration (admire) for the way the crew handled the crisis.
3．She has given the police a very detailed(detail) description of the robber.
4．I'm not entirely (entire) happy about the proposal.
5．The accident was caused by an error of judgement (judge) on the part of the pilot.
6．The following is a summary (summarize) of our conclusions.
7．The price of wine varies enormously(enormous)depending on where it comes from.
8．The hotel has 100 individually (individual) designed bedrooms.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．Mary is a perfectionist.She refuses to settle for (勉强接受) any thing that is ordinary.
2．They were in the lead(领先) and the finish line was close.
3．The old lady often comforts those who are in trouble (陷入困境)．
4．If you don't keep up with the times, you'll get left behind (把……抛在后面)．
5．The new technology was applied to (应用于) farming.
6．This kind of notebook computer is easy to operate (易于操作)．
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13(共12张PPT)
A鱼Writing about a family memory
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠解 [教材原文] [名师论道]
Sunday 20 OctoberI was tidying my room yesterday and found an old photo in a notebook.As I was looking at it, the lovely memory of that day came back to me.It was my mother's birthday ten years ago, and I decided to surprise her with home made scrambled eggs.I woke up really early and tip toed to the kitchen.I had never cooked anything before, so I tried to copy how she did it.But somehow they ended up burnt.I was about to throw everything away when my mother came in.I showed her the eggs and sadly explained what happened.To my surprise, she tasted them and said they weren't bad! I guess love is indeed a magical ingredient.In fact, we ended up laughing and ate them all.This weekend is her 45th birthday. I'll make her scrambled eggs again, and this time they won't be burnt！ [学语言]本文主要讲述了作者十年前为母亲制作生日礼物的回忆。文章主要以过去时态为主，讲述了给母亲悄悄制作礼物却失败的故事。为了给母亲惊喜，作者在文中使用了surprise，tip toe等动词，使语言更加形象；失败后作者使用了sadly表达作者的失望之情。最终，母亲品尝后说还不错。作者使用了 ... love is indeed a magical ingredient, 将爱比喻成“神奇的调料”，由此“爱”得到升华……[学结构]本文写作主要借助时间顺序：yesterday→ten years ago→this weekend。文章内容：一张老照片(引起回忆)→十年前给母亲制作生日礼物失败→下周母亲45岁生日，将再次制作同样的生日礼物(新的愿望)。
佳句背诵 开头回忆1.Three years ago when I just attended junior school, I spent much time playing and was rather lazy in my study.三年前我刚上初中。我花了大量时间去玩，学习上很懒惰。2.Every time I look at the watch on my wrist, a lovely memory will come into my mind.每次我看着手腕上的手表，一段美好的回忆就会浮现在我的脑海里。3.Although it happened three years ago, I never forgot the evening party.尽管这场晚会发生在三年前，但我永远不会忘记。事件描述1.I was walking in the street when I met a friend of mine.我正在大街上走着，就在那时遇见了我的一位朋友。2.As a junior student, you should know how to manage your time.作为一名中学生，你应该知道如何管理时间。3.I took it over eagerly, falling in love with it at first sight.我迫不及待地接过了它，我第一眼就喜欢上了它。感触或愿望1.I have been following Father's words and have benefited a lot from it.I am thankful for my father.我一直遵循父亲的话，并从中受益良多。我感谢我的父亲。2.This was really the most unpleasant trip I have ever had！这是我曾经经历过的最不愉快的旅行！
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
假如你是李华，你在整理书架时偶然看到妈妈曾经写给你的一堆卡片。刚进入高中时，你的学习压力很大，这些卡片是妈妈为了鼓励你并帮助你摆脱压力而写的，最后你开始了快乐的学习。请你把这段美好回忆分享给你的好友Tom。
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 一仿结构布局合理
第一段：引起回忆的事物。
第二段：时间、地点、人物、事件、特点等。
第三段：一个新的希望或愿望。
Step 2 二仿语言规范美观
①这个周末，我在清理我的书架时，发现了一堆卡片。
While I was cleaning up my bookshelf this weekend, I found a stack of cards.
②当我读每一张卡片上的字时，我的眼睛湿润了。
When I read the words on each card, my eyes watered.
③这些鼓励的卡片帮助我度过了挫折。
These encouraging cards helped me go through my frustration.
④高中刚开始的时候，我感到压力很大，每一分钟都害怕被落在后面。
I felt pressured at the beginning of high school and was afraid of falling behind every minute of the days.
⑤妈妈很体贴，她发现了我的问题。
Mum was so considerate that she found my problem.
⑥从那以后，我每天早上都能在我的书桌上发现一张特别的卡片。
From then on, I could find a special card on my desk every morning.
⑦我不再那么焦虑，开始在学习中找到乐趣。
I became less anxious and began to find pleasure in my studies.
⑧妈妈让我明白压力是无法避免的。
Mum makes me understand that pressure can't be avoided.
⑨重要的是如何恰当地处理它以及如何把它变成快乐或挑战。
What is important is how to deal with it properly and how to turn it into pleasure or challenges.
Step 3 三仿句间过渡自然
⑩将句②改为现在分词作状语。
Reading the words on each card, my eyes watered.
将句③改为强调句型。
It was these encouraging cards that helped me go through my frustration.
用count或matter改写句⑨。
What matters/counts is how to deal with it properly and how to turn it into pleasure or challenges.
Step 4 誊写
Dear Tom，
While I was cleaning up my bookshelf this weekend，I found a stack of cards.Reading the words on each card, my eyes watered.It was these encouraging cards that helped me go through my frustration.
I felt pressured at the beginning of high school and was afraid of falling behind every minute of the days.Mum was so considerate that she found my problem.From then on, I could find a special card on my desk every morning.Gradually, I became less anxious and began to find pleasure in my studies.
Mum makes me understand that pressure can't be avoided.What counts is how to deal with it properly and how to turn it into pleasure or challenges.
Yours，
Li Hua
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3(共31张PPT)
单元自
与提升
