(共66张PPT)
素养目标
单元知识抢先知
必记单词
文化意识
(主题语境:良好的人际关系与社会交往)
能够了解中外文化中 familiar
prefer
关于友谊的观点和态
度,丰富对友谊的认 eliver
advance重点短语
知,形成正确的人生 significantly maintain
观、价值观、交友观 bI
ose track of
unusual
和跨文化意识。
tend
saying thanks to
思维品质
acquire
能够辨析人们对友谊的
goods be up to
定义,评判网络、社交 prove
Inspiring stay in touch with
媒体环境下人们的交友pour
comfort keep in mind
观念,辨析友谊与法律
patience
passion
之间的关系
throw the baby out
经典句型
uality
anxIous
with the bathwater
学习能力
distance
postpone
1. What if...
能够通过了解友谊的价值
make one s fortune
ordinary
drag
疑问词+-ever
和交友原则,激发英语学
习的兴趣;能够多渠道获 correspond appointed ought to
引导的让步状
取英语学习资源;能够选
strike
核心语法
plain
turn
p
语从句
择恰当的策略与方法,监 scene
bitterly tend to
3 keep in mind定语从句(1
控、评价、反思和调整自 ashamed
unfold come up with
己的学习内容和进程
location surroundings be set in
话题写作
4.have sth. done
语言能力
personality
aname
5.be to do
读后续写
单元话
题导入
A鱼Starting out & Understanding ideas
Friendships are very important to teenagers.Friendships provide teenagers with chances to develop social skills.Teenagers can learn how to end a fight and still remain friends.Friends provide fun and excitement for teenagers through games.Friends also give advice to one another.Teenagers talk through lots of problems with their friends.Friendships also provide help during times of difficulty.It is helpful for teenagers to have a friend who is going through the same situations.
What happens when the youth don't have friends Teenagers without friends are usually more lonely and unhappy.They will have lower levels of grades and lower confidence.As they get older, they are more apt to drop out of school.
As kids move into their teenager years，friends and friendships play an important role in teenager life as a way of getting personal enjoyment and social learning.
Most teenagers will have friends who parents either like or dislike.However, it is important to keep in mind that one way teenagers can truly learn how to choose and keep friends is through personal experience, which is sure to have some mistakes.Parents should not be too hard on teenagers when they choose friends who are not good enough or when their friendship fails.Remember, every social experience helps teenagers to learn about different people and improve social skills.
As parents，it is important to encourage friendships among teenagers.In addition，it is also important to know who your teenager's friends are and to communicate openly about changes in friendships with your teenagers.
[理解]
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1．How many advantages of friends and friendships are mentioned in the first paragraph？What are they
Four.Friendships provide teenagers with chances to develop social skills, and also provide help during times of difficulty.Friends provide fun and excitement and also give advice to one another.
2．Who are the most possible readers of the passage.
Parents.
[积累]
1．end a fight 结束打斗
2．go through 经历
3．be apt to ... 易于……
4．fail v. 失败
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
CLICK FOR A FRIEND
How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of① your friends What if② the only way of getting news from faraway③ friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered④？ This was how things worked not very long ago.[1]Thanks to⑤ advances⑥ in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly⑦.
[1]how引导主语从句。
[2]Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with⑧ the people that we want to remain⑨ friends with.[3]Social media⑩tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.All you need is a wi fi connection.
[2]and连接并列的谓语；that引导定语从句。
[3]what引导宾语从句。
The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests ， such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument .[4]Whatever our hobbies ， the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
[4]whatever引导让步状语从句，省略了谓语may be；who引导定语从句；even if引导让步状语从句。
But when you “ friend ” people online, does this mean that they really are your friends
It depends.
If people always exchange true personal information online, then yes, these friendships can be real and meaningful.[5]But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.
[5]that引导宾语从句；what引导主语从句。
On social media sites， people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.But smiling photos can hide real problems.Remember the saying： on the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog.A young person could be old; a woman could be a man; we could even be sharing our information with criminals.
But this doesn't mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater.Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.[6]As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
[6]as引导非限制性定语从句；even if引导让步状语从句。
①lose track of 不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态
②what if 要是……会怎么样呢？
③faraway adj. 遥远的
④deliver v． 递送，传送
⑤thanks to 归功于……，多亏……
⑥advance n． 进步，进展
⑦significantly adv. 重大地，显著地
⑧stay in touch with 与……保持联系
⑨remain v． 保持
⑩social media 社交媒体
tool n． 工具
be up to 忙于(做)某事
maintain v． 保持，维持
digital adj. 数字的，数码的
enable v． 使可能，使发生
share our interests 与我们有共同的兴趣
collect model cars 收集汽车模型
unusual adj. 异常的，不平常的
instrument n． 乐器
hobby n． 业余爱好，兴趣
exchange v． 交换，交流
personal information 个人信息
meaningful adj. 有意义的
keep in mind 记住
site n． 网站
tend v． 易于做某事，往往会发生某事
tend to 倾向于
update n． 最新消息
saying n． 格言，谚语，警句
criminal n． 罪犯
throw the baby out with the bathwater 不分良莠一起抛弃
acquire v． 获得，得到
longing for 对……的渴望
goods n． 商品
[参考译文]
一键交友？
如果搬到一个新的城镇意味着与朋友失去联系，你会作何感想？如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会怎样？直到不久之前，现实情况还都是这样的。然而，得益于技术的进步，我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变。
如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边仍可与想要与之维持友谊的人们保持联系。通过社交媒体工具，我们能知晓朋友的动向、维系彼此间的友谊。而这一切只要有无线网络就可以实现。
数字时代也能使我们找到有相同兴趣 例如收集汽车模型或演奏不寻常的乐器 的人。不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识同好，哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。
然而，在网上跟别人“结为朋友”，这就意味着他们真的是你的朋友吗？
这要视情况而定。
如果人们在网上交换的个人信息都是真实的，那么答案是肯定的，这种友谊是真实且有意义的。但我们需要谨记，我们在社交媒体上看到的，往往不是一个人的全部真面目。
在社交网站上，人们倾向于只发布正面的信息，塑造自己快乐且友善的形象。然而，微笑的照片会掩盖真正的问题。记住这句话：在网络上，没人知道你是一条狗。 网上展示的 年轻人形象的背后可能是个老人，而女性形象的背后也可能是个男人，我们分享个人信息的对象甚至可能是罪犯。
但是，这并不意味着我们应该因噎废食。尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式，友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。正如亚里士多德所说：没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，即使他拥有其他所有财富。
Step One：Pre reading
1．How do you prefer to communicate with friends everyday
Talk face to face, chat online or telephone each other.
2．What do you think of making friends online
It is very convenient but we should be careful.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What is the main idea of the passage
A．It is dangerous to make friends online.
B．Making friends online is the best way of making friends.
C．Making friends online is much easier than in traditional ways.
D．There are advantages and disadvantages of making friends online.
答案：D
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What does the title “CLICK FOR A FRIEND？” mean
A．Is it necessary to find a friend online
B．Is it possible to find a real friend online
C．Is it easy to find a real friend online
D．Is it more popular to find a friend online now than before
2．How can the friendship online be real and meaningful
A．People just need to show part of their true selves.
B．People have to send pictures of themselves to the others.
C．People should always exchange true personal information.
D．People need to keep in mind their purpose of making friends.
3．What can we learn from Paragraph 7
A．People don't have enough self confidence.
B．People usually show smiling photos online.
C．People never show their truth online.
D．People like to post a doggy smiling face online.
4．How do we understand the first sentence in the last paragraph
A．Babies are more important than bathwater.
B．Technology has changed babies in many ways.
C．It's unwise to refuse a thing just because of its downsides.
D．We can always live without friends around us.
答案：1～4 BCBC
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Thanks to 1.advances (advance) in technology，how we make friends and communicate with them has changed 2.significantly (significant)．Nowadays，we can move around the world and still stay 3.in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.Social media tools let us see what our friends are up 4.to and maintain friendships.All you need is a wi fi connection.The digital age also enables us 5.to find (find) people who share our interests.But we need to keep in mind 6.that what we see on social media is often not the whole 7.truth (true) about a person.On social media sites, people tend to post only good things that make them appear happy and friendly.But 8.smiling (smile) photos can hide real problems.Even so, this doesn't mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater.Although technology 9.has changed (change) the way we acquire friends，the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain 10.the same.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．two familiar faces 两张熟悉的面孔
2．some exciting adventures 一些刺激的奇遇
3．prefer a vegetarian diet 喜欢素食
4．deliver food 运送食品
5．maintain a balance 保持平衡
6．enable us to feel relaxed 使我们感到放松
7．rather unusual circumstances 非同寻常的环境
8．a series of updates 一连串最新消息
9．acquire a reputation 获得好名声
10．prove her innocence 证明她无罪
11．All the more technically advanced countries put a high value on scientific advances.(advance)
12．A highly significant discovery has great significance for the development of the society.(significant)
13．If they have a particular tendency, they tend to behave or act in a particular way.(tend)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
1．familiar adj.熟悉的＋ ity→familiarity n．熟悉
reality n．现实 personality n．个性
nationality n．国籍 punctuality 准时
2．deliver v．递送，传送＋ y→delivery n．递送，传送
recovery n．恢复；复原 discovery n．发现
flattery n．奉承 treaty 条约
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．In order to avoid losing track of (与……失去联系) your friend, you'd better call your friend now and then.
2．Thanks to (多亏) our hard work, we can fulfil the task on time.
3．The Internet has replaced the phone as a quick way to stay in touch with (与……保持联系) family and friends.
4．We must keep in mind (记住) that study always comes first.
5．People tend to (倾向于) think that the problem will never affect them.
6．People often share their political views with (与……分享) their parents.
7．What's he been up to (忙于) lately？I haven't seen him for days.
8．Therefore, it seems to me that we throw the baby out with the bathwater (不分良莠一起抛弃) when we insist on changing our plan.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered
[句式分析] What if ... 要是……会怎么样？
[佳句仿写] 要是那几个月一直又下雨又冰冻怎么办？
What if it rained and then froze all through those months
2．[教材原句] Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them ...
[句式分析] whatever引导让步状语从句，从句中省略了谓语may be。
[佳句仿写] 无论他作出什么决定，我都会支持的。
Whatever decision he makes, I will support it.
1．prefer v．更喜欢
(教材P38)How do you prefer to make friends
你喜欢怎样交朋友？
(1)prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
(2)prefer doing ...(to doing ...) 宁愿做……(而不愿做……)
(3)prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事
(4)prefer sb.to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
(5)prefer to do ...rather than do ...
＝would rather do ...than do ...
宁愿做……而不愿意做……
(经典佳句)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The younger generations prefer to communicate visually.
年轻一代更喜欢用视觉方式交流。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He prefers watching football to playing (play) it.
②(2019·江苏高考)I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcoming ceremony next month.
补全句子
③与快餐场所不同，高级餐厅更喜欢顾客逗留更长时间并消费。
Unlike fast food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.
[写美] 一句多译
老板宁愿减少销量也不愿降低成本。
④The boss prefers to reduce the sales rather than cut the costs.(prefer to ...rather than ...)
⑤The boss would rather reduce the sales than cut the costs.(would rather ...than ...)
[名师点津] (1)prefer意为“更喜欢”，相当于like better，所以prefer一般不与比较级连用。
(2)prefer的过去式、过去分词都为preferred，现在分词为preferring。
2．advance n．进步，进展 vt.& vi.前进；促进；提前
(教材P38)Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
得益于技术的进步，我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变。
(1)make an advance/advances in 在某方面有进步/发展
in advance 提前；预先
in advance of 在……前面；超过
(2)advance on/towards 朝……前进
(3)advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
(经典佳句)There have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years.
在过去十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Thanks to the advanced (advance) technology, we live in an age of better communication.
②This restaurant is usually full at meal times, so you'd better reserve a table in advance.
词汇升级
③This research has done much to improve our understanding of language learning.
→This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.
[写美] 一句多译
近几年，中国的医生在治疗癌症方面已经取得了很大的进步。
④Chinese doctors have made great advances in treating cancer these years.(advance n．)
⑤Chinese doctors have made great progress in treating cancer these years.(progress n．)
3. significantly adv.重大地，显著地
(1)significant adj. 重要的，有重大意义的
(2)significance n. 重要性，意义
be of significance to＝be significant to 对……有重大意义
attach significance to 重视……
(经典佳句)My piano playing has improved significantly since I started with a new teacher.
自从换了一位新老师，我的钢琴水平有了明显提高。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance(significant)．
②American English is significantly (significant) different from British English.
③This new discovery of oil is of great significance to this area's economy.
[写美] 补全句子
④外国都很重视引进国外的新技术、新设备。
Foreign countries all attach great significance to the introduction of new technology and equipment from abroad.
[文化浸蕴] A peak has real significance to people who climb it, not those who look at it.
高峰只对攀登它而不是仰望它的人来说才有真正意义。
4．tend v．易于做某事，往往会发生某事；照顾；护理
(教材P39)On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.
在社交网站上，人们倾向于只发布正面的信息，塑造自己快乐且友善的形象。
(1)tend to do/be ... 容易/易于/趋向……
tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾/护理/看护……
(2)tendency n. 趋向；倾向
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事
There is a tendency (for sb./sth.) to (do)sth. 有一种(做)某事的趋势/倾向
(经典佳句)Boys and girls tend to be different in this regard.
男孩和女孩在这方面往往有所不同。
[练透] 一词多义
①Several nurses carefully tended to the sick man. 照料，照顾
②The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. 往往会发生某事
单句语法填空
③In our culture, girls are brought up to tend to the needs of others.
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)While I tend to buy (buy) a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts.
补全句子
⑤利润率有下降的趋势。
There is a tendency for the rate of profit to fall.
[写美] 一句多译
她紧张时往往会说话很快。
⑥She tended to talk fast when she was nervous.(tend)
⑦She had a tendency to talk fast when she was nervous.(tendency)
5．prove v．证明，证实
(教材P40)To prove that making friends was easier in the past.
为了证明过去交朋友更容易。
(1)prove sth.to sb. 向某人证明某事
prove (that) ... 证明……
prove (to be)＋名词/形容词 结果是；证明是
(2)proof n. 证据
(经典佳句)She wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
她想证明她既美丽又有智慧。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I know you don't believe me, but I can prove it to you.
②It was the great scientist who proved (prove) the earth is round.
[写美] 补全句子
③这种新的治疗方法结果证明是一场灾难。
The new treatment has proved (to be) a disaster.
6．lose track of不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态
(教材P38)How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends
如果搬到一个新的城镇意味着与朋友失去联系，你会作何感受？
(1)keep track of 与……保持联系；
了解……的动态
(2)get in touch (with) (与……)取得联系
keep/stay in touch (with) (与……)保持联系
lose touch (with) (与……)失去联系
(经典佳句)If you can not use WeChat at the present time, you are at the risk of losing track of your most friends, especially the young ones.
如果目前你还不会使用微信，你就有与你大多数朋友失去联系的风险，尤其是那些年轻的朋友。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Here's our number if you need to get in touch with us.
②Keeping(keep)in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.
补全句子
③他们每天阅读报纸，以了解时事。
They read the newspapers every day to keep track of current events.
[写美] 一句多译
毕业后，我就和高中朋友失去了联系。
④After we graduated, I lost track of all my high school friends.
⑤After we graduated, I lost touch with all my high school friends.
7．be up to 忙于(做)某事
(教材P38)Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.
通过社交媒体工具，我们能知晓朋友的动向、维系彼此间的友谊。
(1)up to 达到，多达
(be) up to sb. 由某人决定
be up to sth. 适合，胜任某事
(2)It's up to sb.to do sth. 应由某人负责做某事
(经典佳句)All of us are up to good deeds.
我们所有人都在做有益的事情。
[练透] 一词多义
①Members can borrow up to ten books from the library at a time. 达到，多达
②Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother. 由某人决定
③Do you think she is up to doing it alone. 适合，胜任某事
④Go and see what these naughty boys are up to. 忙于某事
[写美] 一句多译
她做这项工作应该付给她多少钱，这得由你来定。
⑤It depends on you to decide how much you should pay her for the job.(depend on)
⑥It is up to you to decide how much you should pay her for the job.(up to)
1．[句型公式] what if ...？要是……会怎样？
(教材P38)What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered
如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会怎样？
What for？ 为什么？
So what 那又怎么样？
What's up 怎么啦？/发生什么事了？
How come 怎么会这样呢？
What about .../How about ... ……怎么样(表示建议)
(经典佳句)What if the car breaks down
如果汽车抛锚了怎么办？
[练透] 单句语法填空
①What about going to the cinema tonight A new film is on show.
②—I need to see a doctor.
—What for
补全句子
③既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？
Now that she spent five years in Paris, how come her French is so bad
[写美] 翻译句子
④万一你生病了怎么办呢？
What if you should fall sick
2．[句型公式] 疑问词＋ ever引导让步状语从句
(教材P39)Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识同好，哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。
引导让步状语从句
(2)whatever, whichever, who(m)ever 既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。
(3)no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m)
只引导让步状语从句。
(经典佳句)Whatever you say, I won't believe you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.
②Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
③He can answer the question, however hard it is.
[写美] 一句多译
无论会遇到什么困难，我们都能解决它们。
④Whatever difficulties we will meet, we can work them out.
⑤No matter what difficulties we will meet, we can work them out.
[名师点津] “疑问词(what/which/who/whom)＋ ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句的whoever相当于anyone who，anybody who；whatever相当于anything that。在这种情况下，whoever，whatever相当于定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”。
维度一 品句填词
1．Digital (数字的) recording gives excellent sound reproduction.
2．Money spent on the industry proved a poor investment.
3．He acquired (获得) a reputation as an entertaining speaker.
4．There was nothing unusual (异常的) about her physical appearance.
5．Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained (保持) close links.
6．I love creating sites (网站), making art and designing clothes.
7．Being exposed to English frequently enables (使可能) us to have a good knowledge of this language.
8．As the saying goes, “Don't count your chickens before they're hatched.”
9．They put all their goods (商品) into a truck and left the house.
10．She had heard the newsflash on a TV channel's news update (最新消息)．
维度二 词形转换
1．The effects of the sun can be significantly(significant)reduced if we follow certain guidelines.
2．China is paying more and more attention to education so as to catch up with advanced (advance)countries in science and technology.
3．The statistics are a clear illustration (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
4．His familiarity (familiar) with the language helped him enjoy his stay.
5．Many people expressed a strong preference (prefer) for the original plan.
6．As long as you've paid in advance we won't charge you for delivery (deliver)．
7．He had always wanted an adventurous (adventure) life in the tropics.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．Click on the site and post messages on social media, and it will enable you to find the relatives you lose track of (不了解……的情况)．
2．Thanks to(多亏) the measures taken by the government, the living conditions of the workers have been improved.
3．What if (如果……怎么办) your father knows the truth and gets angry
4．Keep in mind that (记住) the effect made by this approach cannot always be positive.
5．Your support is important to our work.Whatever you do (无论你做什么) helps.
PAGE
15(共33张PPT)
A鱼
定语从句
概述
who引导的定语从句
om引导的定语从句
whose引导的定语从句
定语从句
关系代词的
引导的定语从句
基本用法
ha引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句
关系代词只能用
而不用 which的情况Using language
Grammar——定语从句(1)
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．定语从句概述
定语从句 定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句
关系词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as
关系副词 when, where, why
类型 分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
本单元主要学习由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
2．关系代词的基本用法
(1)who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
He is the man who won first prize in the competition.
他就是在这次比赛中获得第一名的男子。
Is this the girl (who) you talked of in your letter
她就是你在信中谈及的那个女孩吗？
(2)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
(3)whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
[即时演练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
②I was amazed at the number of people who visited the Forbidden City on Saturday.
③(2020·天津7月高考)Dr.Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
④The professor who/whom you wish to see has gone abroad.
⑤The boys who are playing football are on the playground.
(4)which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
Basketball is a game which is liked by most people.
篮球是大多数人所喜欢的运动。
The dictionary (which) I bought last week is very useful.
我上周买的词典很有用。
(5)that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
The managers discussed the plan that will be carried out the next year.
经理们讨论了将于明年执行的那项计划。(that指物，作主语)
This is a place (that) all of us are eager to visit.
这是一个我们大家都十分想参观的地方。(that指物，作宾语)
(6)as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如，像”。
限制性定语从句中，先行词被such和the same修饰，从句都用as引导；非限制性定语从句中，as代指整个主句，意为“正如，像”。
Such books as you bought are useful.
你买的那类书很有用。
The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.
这所学校和10年前一样。
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.
众所周知，他是我们班最好的学生。
[名师点津] (1)关系代词that可以指人，也可以指物，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语；
(2)作宾语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语；
(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)；
(4)such ...as ...与such ...that ...，the same ...as ...与the same ...that ...的区别：
①such ...as ...，as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；such ...that ...，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分；
②the same ...as ...与the same ...that ...都可以引导定语从句，as表示同一类，that表示同一个。
3．关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all, little, much, few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等不定代词时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
(2)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。
That's the only thing that we can do now.
那是我们目前唯一能做的事。
(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(4)主句是以which, who, what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is standing by the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T shirt that fits me most
哪件T恤衫最适合我？
(5)当先行词中既有人，又有物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
瞧瞧沿街走来的那个人和他的毛驴。
[即时演练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.
②(2020·浙江7月高考)Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world that/which they lived in, through agriculture.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
④Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.
⑤You've made the same mistake as you made last time.
1．inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
(教材P41)Her ideas are always inspiring.
她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。
(1)inspire v． 激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
(3)inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞；鼓舞人心的人或事物
(经典佳句)Lucy is a smart girl, whose ideas are always inspiring.
露西是个机灵的姑娘，她的想法总是鼓舞人心。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jennifer is a first generation graduate and an inspiration (inspire) to her family.
②David brought us a very meaningful and inspiring(inspire) game.
③Inspired (inspire) by the memory of his mother, he composed many wonderful pieces of music.
[写美] 句式升级
④Your constant encouragement inspired me to be confident.
→It was your constant encouragement that inspired me to be confident.(改为强调句)
2．comfort n．安慰，慰藉
(教材P42) ...one glass of comfort, two drops of patience, one bag of passion ...
……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情……
(1)in comfort 舒适地；放松地
be a comfort to 对……是一种安慰
(2)comfort v. 安慰
comfort sb.for sth. 因某事安慰某人
comfort oneself with sth. 用某事来自我安慰
(3)comfortable adj. 安慰的；舒适的
(经典佳句)The letters that people wrote after his death gave me a lot of comfort.
他去世后人们写来的信给了我极大的安慰。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①She was a comfort to her old father.
②You can visit here in the early morning or late afternoon for the most comfortable (comfort) weather.
③He lived in comfort all his life.
[写美] 补全句子
④因为他蒙受了巨大损失，他的朋友们都来安慰他。
His friends came to comfort him for his suffering heavy losses.
3．patience n．耐心
(1)with patience 耐心地
lose one's patience 失去耐心
(2)patient adj. 耐心的；能忍受的
n. 病人
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth. 忍受/忍耐某事
(3)patiently adv. 耐心地
(经典佳句)Making small scale models requires a great deal of patience.
做小型模型需要极大的耐心。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①You have to have a lot of patience (patient) when you're dealing with kids.
②Teachers ought to be patient with students.
补全句子
③最后我失去了耐心，对她大吼起来。
In the end I lost my patience and shouted at her.
[写美] 一句多译
酒店员工必须耐心地对待客人的埋怨。
④Hotel staff should handle complaints from guests with patience.
⑤Hotel staff should handle complaints from guests patiently.
4．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的
(教材P42)the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry
一种在没有焦虑或生气的情况下等待的能力
(1)be anxious about sth. 为某事担心/担忧
be anxious for sth./to do sth. 渴望某事/做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦急地；忧虑地；渴望地
(经典佳句)The drought has made farmers anxious about the harvest.
这场旱灾使农民们因担心收成而焦虑不安。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He is anxiously (anxious) waiting for the result of the medical tests.
②These students were anxious to know (know) the results of the exam.
[写美] 一句多译
我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。
③We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.
④We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.
[巧学助记] My daughter studies very hard, because she is anxious to go to college.But she is anxious about not passing the College Entrance Examination.I am really anxious that she can get rid of anxiety.
我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。但她又担心不能通过高考。我真希望她能够消除忧虑。
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
2．When facing hardships, only those who/that are confident will achieve success.
3．We'll reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.
4．I wish to thank Professor Brown，without whose help I would never have got this.
5．I get along well with the boy who/that does well in maths.
6．Do you know the lady that/whom/who our English teacher is talking to now
7．We're collecting money for those whose homes were destroyed by the hurricane (飓风)．
8．I visited the school yesterday which/that was built fifty years ago.
9．The girl who/that is speaking to the headmaster is our monitor.
10．I missed the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents thought highly of.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．我的确有几条建议需要你注意。
I do have a few suggestions which/that you should pay attention to.
2．那个在大火中被毁坏了屋顶的房子是我祖父母的。
The house whose roof was damaged in the big fire belongs to my grandparents.
3．上周我们讨论了如何帮助那个重病住院的学生。
Last week we discussed how to help the student who/that was seriously ill in hospital.
4．在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。
In senior high school you will study more courses which/that are different from your junior middle school courses.
5．你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。
You can also share your unhappy things with somebody whom/who/that you trust and listen to their suggestions.
6．这是他读的第一本书。
This is the first book that he has read.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
根据提示，用定语从句完成下面短文
Friendship is 1.a thing that can bring happiness to people(一种给人带来幸福的事物)．Friendship is 2.one of the most important things that people should have (人们应该拥有的最重要的事物之一)．People should make friends with 3.those whose attitude is positive (态度积极的那些人)．A real friend is 4.a person who/that helps you when you are in trouble (在你困难时帮助你的人)．They are 5.those who/that share happiness and sorrow with you (和你同甘共苦的人)．They are brave to point out 6.the mistakes that/which can affect your future (影响你未来的错误)．
PAGE
7(共44张PPT)
A鱼Developing ideas
After Twenty Years
The short story “After Twenty Years”is set in① New York on a cold, dark night.Most people have left work to go home, and this part of the city is now quiet.A policeman who is checking the area sees a man outside a shop.He goes up to the man and finds he has a scar② on his face.They have a chat and the man starts to tell his story.
“Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man，“ I dined③here at ‘Big Joe’ with Jimmy Wells, my best chum, and the finest chap in the world.He and I were raised here in New York, just like two brothers, together.I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune④.You couldn't have dragged⑤Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth.Well, [1]we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly⑥ twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions⑦ might be or from what distance we might have to come.[2]We figured⑧ that in twenty years each of us ought to⑨ have our destiny⑩ worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.”
[1]that引导宾语从句；no matter what引导让步状语从句。
[2]that引导宾语从句，whatever引导让步状语从句；have sth.done表示使某事被完成。
“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman.“Rather a long time between meets ， though, it seems to me.[3]Haven't you heard from your friend since you left？”
[3]since引导时间状语从句，从句一般用一般过去时，主句一般用现在完成时。
“Well, yes, for a time we corresponded ，” said the other.“But after a year or two we lost track of each other.You see, the West is a pretty big proposition ， and I kept hustling around over it pretty lively.[4]But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive, for he always was the truest, staunchest old chap in the world. He'll never forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight, and it's worth it if my old partner turns up .”
(Excerpts from “After Twenty Years” by O．Henry)
[4]if引导条件状语从句；for引导并列句。
①be set in 以……为背景
②scar n． 伤疤
③dine v． 进餐
④fortune n． 大笔的钱，巨款
make one's fortune 发财
⑤drag v． 拖，拉
drag ...out of ... 把……拖出……
⑥exactly adv. 精确地，准确地
⑦condition n． 状态；健康状况
⑧figure v． 认为
⑨ought to 应该，应当
⑩destiny n． 命运，天命
work out 详细拟定，规划
pretty adv. 相当，十分
pretty interesting 十分有趣
meet n． 见面
hear from 收到某人来信；得到某人的消息
correspond v． 通信
proposition n． 事业，生意
hustle v． 拼命干，努力干
staunch adj. 坚定的，忠实可靠的
partner n． 伙伴，搭档
turn up (意外地或终于)出现
[参考译文]
二十年后
短篇小说《二十年后》以纽约一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚为背景。大部分人已经下班回家，城市的这个角落静悄悄的。一名正在该地区巡逻的警察看到一个男人站在商店外面。警察走近男人，发现他的脸上有一道伤疤。他们开始聊天，男人开始讲述自己的故事。
“二十年前的今晚，”男人说，“我和吉米·韦尔斯——我最好的朋友，也是这世上最棒的小伙子——在这儿的‘乔老大’布雷迪餐厅吃饭。我们俩在纽约一起长大，就像亲兄弟一样。那时我十八岁，吉米二十岁。第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。可你没法让吉米走出纽约，他觉得地球上只有(纽约)这么一个地方。反正，那天晚上我们约定，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再聚。我们当时觉得，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣到钱。”
“听起来挺有意思，”警察说。“但我觉得，你们这两次见面间隔太久了。你离开后，没有收到过你朋友的消息吗？”
“嗯，不是的。我们联系过一段时间，”男人说。“但是一两年后，我们彼此失去了联系。你知道，我西部的生意很大，我不停地四处奔波、忙东忙西。但是我知道，只要吉米还活着，他就会来这儿和我见面，因为他一直是这世界上最真诚、最可靠的老伙计。他绝对不会忘记我们的约定。今晚，我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前，只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。”
(节选自欧·亨利的《二十年后》)
Step One：Pre reading
1．Have you read any stories by O．Henry Share one with the class.
Answers may vary.
2．Predict what kind of ending this novel is.
□A happy ending.
□A sad ending.
□A surprise ending.
□An open ending.
(Answers may vary.)
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What does the text mainly tell us
A．People's usual impression of friendship.
B．The connection between two friends who live far away.
C．An appointment made twenty years ago was not kept.
D．The friendship between the two former friends.
答案：D
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What promise did they make before they parted
A．Making a large fortune.
B．Working out their destiny.
C．Meeting again at the same place twenty years later.
D．Not giving up the hope of living.
2．What do we know about Jimmy
A．He had a special feeling for New York.
B．He didn't know other places in the world.
C．He wanted to live a meaningful life alone.
D．He had no idea of what his future would be like.
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The man felt disappointed at not seeing Jimmy.
B．The man firmly believed Jimmy was a reliable person.
C．Jimmy and the man never contacted each other before.
D．Jimmy was too far away to arrive on time.
答案：1～3 CAB
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．On a cold，dark night in New York, a policeman finds a man with 2.a scar on his face outside a shop.The policeman learns a story about the man and his friend, Jimmy.
20 years ago, after the two friends 3.dined(dine)together, they made a promise that they 4.would meet(meet) in the same restaurant, whatever their 5.conditions(condition) might be or from what 6.distance (distant) they might have to come.Since they were apart, they haven't seen each other.So the man 7.misses (miss) his friend very much, 8.who he thinks is the 9.truest (true), staunchest old chap in the world. And he thinks his friend Jimmy will never forget their 10.appointment (appoint)．
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．ordinary people 普通人
2．drag all this wood away 把所有木材拖走
3．correspond with several experts in the field 与该领域的几位专家保持通信往来
4．a plain black dress 一件朴素的黑色连衣裙
5．a very relaxed atmosphere 非常轻松的气氛
6．the building's surroundings 建筑物周围的环境
7．the wedding scene 婚礼场景
8．unfold the letter 拆开信件
9．weep bitterly 哭得很伤心
10．a strong personality 很强的个性
11．be deeply ashamed of her behaviour 对她的行为深感羞愧
12．He didn't know the exact location of his friend's house, because it was located in a remote place.(locate)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
fold v．折叠＋前缀un →unfold v．展开，打开
uncover v．打开，解开 unlock v．开锁
unwrap v．打开 unfasten v．打开，放松
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Henry Ford made his fortune (发财) through his business ability, as well as his skill in invention.
2．Ten people were invited but only five turned up (出现)．
3．After years of war, the people long for (渴望) a lasting peace.
4．The story is set in (以……为背景) the Second World War.
5．You ought to (应当) get out of the house more.
6．She used to be ashamed of (因……而感到羞耻) her humble background.
7．They'll meet again and work out (制订出) what to do next together.
8．I haven't heard from (得到某人的消息) her since we last met ten years ago.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] You couldn't have dragged Jimmy out of New York ...
[句式分析] couldn't have done 不可能。
[佳句仿写] 这次损失不可能是偶然因素造成的。
The damage couldn't have been caused accidentally.
2．[教材原句] We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.
[句式分析] have sth.done
[佳句仿写] 昨天我们请人把机器修好了。
We had the machine repaired yesterday.
1．correspond v．通信
(教材P45)Well, yes, for a time we corresponded ...
嗯，不是的。我们联系过一段时间……
(1)correspond with sb. 与某人通信
correspond with/to sth. 和某事物相一致；符合
(2)corresponding adj. 相当的，相应的；一致的
(3)correspondence n. 通信；一致；相当
(经典佳句)She still corresponds with American friends she met nine years ago.
她仍与9年前结识的美国朋友们通信。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond with/to what was actually said.
②March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the corresponding (correspond) period last year.
③We welcome correspondence (correspond) from readers on any subject.
[写美] 补全句子
④自从大学毕业以来，我们一直保持通信联系。
We have corresponded with each other since we graduated from college.
2．appointed adj.约定的，指定的
(教材P46)Bob, I was at the appointed place on time.
鲍勃，我准时来到了约定的地点。
(1)appoint v． 任命；委派；约定
appoint sb.as/to be ... 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n. 约会；约定，预约；委任
make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约
(经典佳句)Ten minutes before the appointed time, he sat nervously outside her office.
离约定的时间还有10分钟， 他紧张地坐在她的办公室外面。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The appointed (appoint) hour of the ceremony is drawing near.
②The director appointed him to look (look) into those complaints.
③I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment (appoint) with him.
[写美] 句式升级
④The young man felt excited as he was appointed to be the manager of the company.
→Appointed to be the manager of the company, the young man felt excited.(非谓语动词作状语)
3．ashamed adj.感到不好意思的，难为情的；惭愧的
(教材P47)Was he ashamed of having a friend like me
他是不是为有我这样的一个朋友而感到难为情呢？
(1)be ashamed of ... 为……感到羞耻
be ashamed to do sth. 羞于/耻于做某事
be ashamed that ... 对……感到羞愧
(2)shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
to one's shame 令某人惭愧的是
It is a shame that ... 真遗憾……
(经典佳句)I was ashamed that I'd made so little effort.我付出的努力太少，真是惭愧。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I was ashamed that I failed in the exam again.
②She was ashamed to ask (ask) such a simple question.
补全句子
你错过了这部电影精彩的开头，真是遗憾。
③It is a shame that you have missed the nice beginning of the film.
[写美] 一句多译
她为在这么重要的会议上迟到而感到惭愧。
④She was ashamed of being late for such an important meeting.
⑤She was ashamed that she was late for such an important meeting.
4．be set in 以……为背景
(教材P44)The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on a cold, dark night.
短篇小说《二十年后》以纽约一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚为背景。
set (a play, novel, etc.) in 设置(戏剧、小说等的)背景
set down 放下，记下
set off 出发，动身(与for 连用)；
使爆炸；引起
set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)
set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)
set up 建立，树立，搭起
(经典佳句)West Side Story is set in New York City in the late 1950s.
《西区故事》是以20世纪50年代末的纽约为背景的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We set off for London just after ten.
②He set up a non profit organization 10 years ago when he just graduated from college.
句式升级
③The novel which has become a best seller was set in London in the 1960s.
→Set in London in the 1960s，the novel has become a best seller.(非谓语动词作状语)
[写美] 一句多译
他一到家就开始打扫房间。
④The moment he arrived home, he set about cleaning the house.(set about)
⑤The moment he arrived home, he set out to clean the house.(set out)
5．make one's fortune 发财
(教材P44)The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.
第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。
(1)make a fortune 发财
seek one's fortune 寻找发财的机会；外出闯荡
try one's fortune 碰运气
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的
unfortunate adj. 不幸的
be fortunate to do sth. 很幸运做某事
be fortunate in doing sth. 因做某事感到幸运
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地；交好运地
(经典佳句)He made his fortune by selling houses.
他通过卖房子发了财。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Fortunately (fortunate), Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.
②She was fortunate enough to find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
[写美] 补全句子
③这个年轻人决定到国外去碰碰运气。
The young man decided to go abroad to try his fortune.
[巧学助记] It is unfortunate to be stuck in the rain.Even more unfortunately，we couldn't find anyone to help us.At last we tried our fortune to find a short cut.Fortunately, we arrived home before dark.So we were also fortunate.
非常不幸的是，我们遇上了雨天。更不幸的是，我们找不到任何能帮我们的人。最后，我们碰了下运气找到一个捷径。幸运的是，我们在天黑之前到了家。因此我们也是幸运的。
[名师点津] fortune作“机会，运气”讲时，为不可数名词；作“财产”讲时，为可数名词。
6．turn up(意外地或终于)出现，露面；(把音量等)调大
(教材P45) ... it's worth it if my old partner turns up.
……只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。
turn away 拒绝……入内；把……打发走
turn down 调低(音量)；拒绝(提议等)
turn to 转身；求助于
turn into 变成，变为
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn over 打翻；移交，交出
(经典佳句)(2020·江苏高考)Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not，we do not even know its name.
然而，当新事物出现时，我们往往甚至不知道它的名字。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He offered her a good job, but she turned it down.
②I'm turning the shop over to my son when I retire.
③She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.
④The police turned up on their doorstep at 3 o'clock this morning.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤我们以为这是真古董，结果只是一件赝品。
We thought it was a genuine antique, but it turned out to be a fake.
[句型公式] have sth.done
(教材P44)We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made，whatever they were going to be.
我们当时觉得，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣到钱。
have sth.done表示让别人做某事，也可表示遭遇某事，或只表示某事被做过或做完的状态。
have sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/某物一直做某事
won't/can't have sb.doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事
have sth.to do 有事情要做
have sb.do sth.让某人做某事
(经典佳句)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease.
定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾征兆很重要。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①You can have your brother help (help) you with your English.
②Attention, please! I have something important to tell (tell) you.
③They were so frightened that they had the light burning (burn) the whole night.
[写美] 补全句子
④昨天他理发了。
He had his hair cut yesterday.
维度一 品句填词
1．Readers of the magazine said they wanted more stories about ordinary (普通的) people and fewer stories about the rich and famous.
2．Pick the chair up instead of dragging (拖，拉) it behind you!
3．These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.
4．A good architect takes into account the building's surroundings (周围事物)．
5．The children all have very different personalities (个性)．
6．She struck (划) a match and lit another cigarette.
7．He had never imagined that his destiny (命运) would have been changed by an accident.
8．He and a partner (伙伴) set up a successful fashion company on their own.
9．The Shakers believed that furniture should be plain, simple, useful, practical and of sound construction.
10．Her scar (伤疤) healed, but the redness remained for a long time.
维度二 词形转换
1．He watched her expression as she unfolded (fold) the letter.
2．She elected to take early retirement instead of moving to the new location (locate)．
3．It is a scenic (scene) art integrating music, performance, literature, aria, and face painting.
4．She was deeply ashamed (shame) of her behaviour at the party.
5．She made an appointment (appoint) for her son to see the doctor.
6．She deals with all the correspondence (correspond) promptly and efficiently.
7．He complained bitterly (bitter) that he had been unfairly treated.
8．I have been fortunate (fortune) enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．It suddenly struck me that we ought to (应该) make a new plan.
2．He made his fortune (发财) by working in real estate.
3．Franklin did not turn up (出现) until well after midnight.
4．The scene is said to be set in (以……为背景) a small village in Hebei.
5．So far I have lost track of (与……失去联系) most of my old school friends.
6．He had four copies of the paper typed (打了四份文件) just now.
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A鱼Writing an ending to a story
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠解 [教材原文] [名师论道]
Stepping out of jail into the cold wind, Bob, now 58, felt lost and helpless.“Twenty years is a long time，” he smiled bitterly, not knowing where to go.He had no family, and had never heard a word from Jimmy again since that cold, dark night.“Was he ashamed of having a friend like me？”Bob longed for an answer.“Excuse me, sir, are you Bob ”Bob heard the voice of a young man.“Yes.” He turned around and was surprised to find a familiar looking man in his thirties.“Have we met before？”“No，sir，” replied the man.“My father told me to meet you today.I have a note for you from him.”Doubtfully, Bob unfolded the note.His hands were shaking by the time he had finished reading.Bob, the doctor says I've only got three months.I'm afraid I won't be able to meet you this time, but you'll always be my dear friend.Jimmy“You're Jimmy's son？！” Bob shouted in surprise.“Yes，sir，” the young man smiled. “And my name is Bob.” [学语言]本文是一篇读后续写，原文是欧·亨利的《二十年后》，文章主要续写的是两个失去联系的好友是如何实现二十年之约的。范文中，作者添加了新的人物——好友的儿子赴约给父亲送信，最终实现了两人的二十年之约。文章开头作者运用cold wind，cold, dark night等环境描写衬托出了主人公Bob的心境；运用心理描写表现出了主人公Bob的无助、无奈、困惑的心情；运用自言自语道出了主人公Bob对朋友的渴望以及对自己的自我安慰。最后，在朋友儿子出现后，作者通过shaking等动作描写表现出了主人公的感动之情；通过surprised，doubtfully, shouted等词对人物进行了生动地刻画。最后通过朋友儿子的自我介绍对文章主题进行升华，使文章回味无穷。[学结构]范文的主要线索为主人公Bob的情绪变化：lost and helpless→not knowing where to go→ surprised→doubtfully→ shouted in surprise
佳句背诵 语言描写1.“Here, Mum! Here！” Reuben exclaimed as he ran to her side.“在这里，妈妈！这里！”鲁本一边跑向她一边大叫着。2.“How can I let you throw away the thing that means the most to you？” I pleaded with him.“我怎么能让你丢掉对你来说最重要的东西呢？”我恳求他。3.“I haven't finished; I need more time，” he begged.“That's what Michelangelo said，” Mr Edgar joked.“我还没说完，我需要更多的时间，”他恳求道。“米开朗基罗就是这么说的，”埃德加先生开玩笑说。情感描写1.The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。2.A smile of understanding flashed across his face.他脸上露出了一种会心的微笑。3.He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks.他静静地站着，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。心理描写1.I immediately picture/imagine him walking through the door, wearing a shining smile.我立刻想象出他面带微笑穿过门的样子。2.Most days I hope that maybe he will turn up at my doorstep one day.大多数时候，我都希望有一天他会出现在我的门口。3.He was determined to tell people the truth, but no one could hear his voice.他决心告诉人们真相，但是没有人能听到他的声音。动作描写1.Stunned, I stood up and gave her an awkward hug/hugged her in an awkward way.我惊呆了，站起来尴尬地拥抱了她。2.Speechless, she smiled radiantly and gathered her son into her arms.她说不出话来，把儿子一把揽入怀中，脸上洋溢着动人的光彩。3.Wanting to appear agreeable, I bent down, picked up the ball and, eyes half shut, threw it back as hard as I could.我想显得和和气气，便弯下腰捡起球，半闭着眼睛，用尽全力把它扔了回去。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a teenager, I got a month long trip in Berlin, Germany.One night, expecting to explore Berlin at night, I went out alone.
I visited lots of major attractions around the city that night.When the exhaustion began to set in, I checked the time on my watch.I was surprised to see that it was two o'clock in the morning!
As I walked to a subway station, I realized that it was my dad's birthday.This would be the first birthday I couldn't celebrate with him because he died a few months earlier.Before I could begin thinking of my dad, I heard train wheels stop.
I rushed onto the train.At first, I was thankful to have made it onto the train.But that joy quickly turned to panic when I noticed that the train was heading in the wrong direction!
I looked around the nearly empty train.I saw a young woman sitting quietly by the window and approached her.
“Hi, do you speak English I'm lost.Can you help me？” I asked.
The woman understood.She told me how to return to where I had first gotten on the train.But my anxious mind couldn't follow her guidance.
Without thinking, I asked, “Can you come with me？”
Her face froze at my stupid request.After a long second of hesitation, she agreed to help me.At that moment, I was grateful for the kindness from a stranger.
On the journey back to the train station I got on, she and I chatted.
[语篇布局]
(1)已知线索：what, when, where, who, why, how等信息定位。作者心不在焉搭错地铁，请求一位女士将其送回，犹豫之后，女士答应帮忙，作者心存感激……
(2)续写线索：①所给首句“On the journey back to the train station I got on, she and I chatted.”中的chat是我们的着手点。两人会交谈什么？如何交谈？我们如何去描写？最后又会如何？
②根据原文作者因为想起父亲，心不在焉而搭错车，这可以作为两人交谈的内容，可以运用语言描写、动作描写等，使文章更加生动、形象。
③最后，作者可以抒发感想，使文章得到升华。
参考范文：
On the journey back to the train station I got on, she and I chatted.She asked why I was on the wrong train.Embarrassed, I told her that I was thinking my dad before the train arrived.“He died a few months ago, and today it is his birthday，” I said quietly but tears began to fill in my eyes.Not knowing how to respond to my sadness, she patted me on the shoulder in sympathy.I was completely overwhelmed by the sudden warmth.Finally, we reached my stop.We said goodbye and went away in different directions.I haven't seen her ever since, but the warmth from a stranger remains the same.
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