(共56张PPT)
素养目标
单元知识抢先知
文化意识
主题语境:人与自然和谐相处)
能够了解中外人民与自然和
谐相处的情况,正确认识人
必记单词
类生活与自然环境的关系
增强尊重自然、合理利用和
wrap
dynasty
开发自然资源、与自然和谐
相处的意识;能够了解不同
region
therefore
民族的文化习俗,树立文化
重点短语
prevent harmo
as tar as
思维品质
能够正确判断文章作者
des
harm
turn
的观点和态度,辩证地
理解人类生活与自然环
agriculture replace
le
境的关系,科学分析和评
in harmony with
beauty
经典句型
价不同地域人类生活的
priorty
connect with
差异及原因,提高与自然
和谐相处的自觉性
barrier
feed or
1.make+宾语
学习能力
narrow
platform
be in doubt
宾语补足语核心语法
能够了解人类如何与自然
reflect or
和谐相处,激发英语学习 publish
2.“否定词+比较
的兴趣;能够多渠道获取
a variety of
定语从句(3)
英语学习资源,巩固本单
rent
limite
级”表示最高级
go to the trouble to
元所学语言知识,丰富自
含义
己的相关知识,开阔眼
benefit pleasant
do sth
话题写作
界,提高英语运用能力
as well as
3.with复合结构
语言能力
energy
system
概要写作
be good for
单元话
题导入
A鱼Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Last Hidden World — China
For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures.Chinese civilization is the world's oldest and today it's largest with well over a billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups and a wide range of traditional lifestyles often in close partnership with nature.
Now, for the first time ever we can explore the whole of this great country, meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of China to the remarkable landscaping where they live.
In a floodplain of the Yangtze River, black tailed godwits (黑尾鹬) search in the mud for worms.But it isn't just wildlife that grow in this environment.The ground also provides ideal conditions for the remarkable member of the grass family rice.The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least eight thousand years.It has transformed the landscape.
Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmers as they prepare the age old rice field ready for the coming spring.These hill slopes of Yuanyang county plunge (斜插) nearly 2,000m to the floor of the Red River Valley.Each contains thousands of terraces carved out by hand using basic digging tools.Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China still ploughed as they always have been by cows whose ancestors originated in these very valleys.This man made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering achievements of pre industrial China.It seems as if every square inch of land has been pressed into cultivation.
[理解]
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1．How long has rice been planted in China
At least 8,000 years.
2．What does this man made landscape refer to in the last paragraph
It refers to Yunnan's rice terraces.
[积累]
1．civilization n． 文明
2．ethnic adj. 种族的
3．exotic adj. 异国的
4．cultivate v. 培养
5．carve v. 雕刻
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
Longji Rice Terraces①
Imagine mountains wrapped② in silver water, shining in the spring sun.Summer sees③ the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter they are covered in sheets of white frost④.These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces.
These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, [1]to whom Guangxi is home.Starting in the Yuan Dynasty⑤， work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion⑥ in the early Qing Dynasty.[2]Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
[1]本句为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
[2]Reaching as far as the eye can see 为动词 ing形式作状语。
So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the entire mountains into terraces Firstly, there are few large, flat areas of land in the region⑦.[3]Building the terraces therefore⑧ meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice. Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep⑨ and the soil⑩ is shallow .The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away .
[3]Building the terraces为动名词短语作主语；that引导宾语从句；in which引导定语从句。
[4]But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. The terraces are cleverly designed ， with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.During the rainy season, [5]it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour.This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again .[6]These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
[4]what引导主语从句；in which引导定语从句。
[5]本句为强调句。
[6]some of which引导定语从句，先行词为birds and fish；that引导定语从句，先行词为insects，that在从句中作主语。
[7]Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value.[8]This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces. Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.
[7]Although引导让步状语从句；for whom引导定语从句。
[8]which引导非限制性定语从句；that引导宾语从句。
①terrace n． 梯田
②wrap v． 包，裹
③see v． 见证
④frost n． 霜
⑤dynasty n． 朝代
⑥completion n． 完成，结束
⑦region n． 地区，区域
⑧therefore adv. 因此，由此
⑨steep adj. 陡的，陡峭的
⑩soil n． 土壤
shallow adj. 浅的
prevent v． 阻挡，防止
prevent sb./sth.from doing sth 阻止某人/某物做某事
wash away 冲走
significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的
harmony n． 融洽相处，和谐
in harmony with 与……协调，与……一致
design v． 设计
waterway n． 水路，航道
once again 再一次
feed on 以……为食
harm v． 伤害，损害
crop n． 庄稼，作物
tradition n． 传统
pass down 传下来
generation n． 一代人
agriculture n． 农业
attract v． 吸引，引起……的兴趣
admire v． 欣赏，观赏
[参考译文]
龙脊梯田
想象一下：春日，群山被银白色的水田包裹，在阳光下闪闪发光；盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠；秋收，满山金黄；而隆冬，它们又披上了冰霜做成的雪白毛毯。这就是绚丽多彩的龙脊梯田。
龙脊梯田的建造者是广西当地的壮族和瑶族居民。梯田从元朝开始修建，历经数百年，至清朝初期完工。目之所及，梯田包裹着巍峨的高山，往往从山脚一直盘绕到山顶。
为什么当地人要如此大费周章，将整片山地变成梯田呢？首先，这里缺乏大面积的平原，建造梯田意味着他们能够扩大水稻的种植面积。其次，尽管该地区多雨，但山地坡度大、土层浅薄，水平的梯田能够储存雨水，防止土壤流失。
但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。这些梯田设计巧妙，其间有几百条相互连通的水渠。在雨季，雨水会沿着这些水渠从山上流下进入梯田。水分经太阳蒸发成为水蒸气，水蒸气形成云，而雨水又从云中再次落到山上的梯田里。这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的栖息地，而一部分鸟和鱼又以危害水稻的昆虫为食。
尽管现代科技有助于提高农作物的产量，但对珍视传统的当地人来说，这些梯田依然具有重要的意义。这种认识通过家族代代相传，后代子孙一直沿用古老的农耕方式维持着梯田的运作。今天，成千上万的游客慕名而来，欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。
Step One：Pre reading
1．How much do you know about the Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups
Answers may vary.
2．Why do they grow rice on terraces
Firstly, there are few large, flat areas of land in this region.Secondly, the flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What's the main idea of the text
A．The Longji Rice Terraces will have a bright future.
B．How people worked in harmony with nature to create the Longji Rice Terraces.
C．The Longji Rice Terraces are fascinating all around the year.
D．The reason why Longji Rice Terraces were built.
答案：B
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．How does the author develop Paragraph 1
A．By listing the facts.
B．By comparing the facts.
C．By vividly describing the scene.
D．By painting the beautiful colours.
2．Which is NOT the reason why the people built the terraces
A．Lack of enough flat areas.
B．Holding the rainwater.
C．Protecting the soil.
D．Making the mountains more steep.
3．Which is the correct order of how the terraces work
①The gas forms cloud.
②The rain falls down.
③The water is turned into gas.
④The sun heats the water.
⑤The water flows into the terraces.
A．⑤④③①② B．③①④②⑤
C．①④②⑤③ D．②①④③⑤
4．What will happen in the future
A．The local people will introduce modern agriculture technology.
B．The local young people will maybe give up their traditions.
C．The local people will hold the ancient methods of agriculture for a long time.
D．A greater wonder will be created by local people.
答案：1～4 CDAC
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Longji Rice Terraces were built by 1.the Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.2.Starting (start) in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until 3.its (it) completion in the early Qing Dynasty.These terraces increase the areas 4.in which people grow rice.Besides, they can catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from 5.being washed (wash) away.But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people 6.have worked (work) in 7.harmony (harmonious) with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.Although modern technology could help produce more 8.crops (crop), new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture 9.to maintain (maintain) the terraces.Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors 10.who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．individually wrapped chocolates 单块包装的巧克力
2．one of the most densely populated regions 人口最为稠密的地区之一
3．shallow waters around the coast 海边浅水水域
4．prevent the spread of the disease 防止疾病蔓延
5．design a course to suit your particular needs 设计一门课程以满足你的特殊需求
6．We should work together to create a harmonious society where everyone can live in harmony.(harmony)
7．Smoking is harmful to our health.Besides it does harm to the environment.(harm)
8．The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen in the last decade, which has a negative effect on agricultural development.(agriculture)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
1．agriculture n．农业＋ al(去e)→agricultural adj.农业的
central 中心的 cultural 文化的
natural 自然的 architectural 建筑的
2．harm n．伤害＋ ful→harmful adj.有害的
helpful 有帮助的 useful 有用的
meaningful 有意义的 colorful 多彩的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Fields and hills stretched out as far as (远至) we could see.
2．The cheater boasted that he could turn stone into (把……变成……) gold.
3．There should be plenty of (许多) time to go shopping before we leave New York.
4．They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away (冲走)．
5．The development of higher education should be in harmony with (与……协调一致) the development of the economical society.
6．Human health is connected with (与……有关) whether the drinking water is clean or not.
7．The caterpillars feed on (以……为食) a wide range of trees, shrubs and plants.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun.
[句式分析] 现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[佳句仿写] 汤姆坐在公园的长椅上，读着一本书。
Tom sat at the bench in the park, reading a book.
2．[教材原句] But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
[句式分析] way(方式)作先行词，其后定语从句引导词用in which或that，也可省略in which或that。
[佳句仿写] 我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。
I don't like the way (in which/that) she speaks to you.
1．harmony n．融洽相处，和谐
(教材P63) But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。
(1)in harmony with 与……融洽；与……一致
out of harmony with 与……不协调，不一致
(2)harmonious adj. 和谐的，协调的
(3)harmoniously adv. 和谐地
(经典佳句)Imagine a society in which everyone lived together in perfect harmony.
设想一下这样一个社会，所有人都和睦地生活在一起。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Their harmonious (harmony) relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.
②The violin was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.
[写美] 补全句子
③我们必须确保旅游业与环境和谐发展。
We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment.
2．design v．设计；打算；意欲，意图 n．设计；图案
(教材P63) The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.
这些梯田设计巧妙，其间有几百条相互连通的水渠。
(1)be designed for/to do ... 专为……设计；目的是……
be designed as 被设置为……
by design 有意地，故意地
(2)designer n. 设计者；设计师
(经典佳句) This entrance is specially designed for people in wheelchairs.
这个入口是专门为坐轮椅的人设计的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①This course is designed as an introduction to the subject.
②We don't know if it was done by accident or by design.
句式升级
③The album was designed for children, which became popular with parents immediately it came out.
→Designed for children，the album became popular with parents immediately it came out.(分词作状语)
[写美] 补全句子
④这些训练是为了帮助人们增强体力而设计的。
The exercises are designed to help people build up strength.
3．harm v．& n．损害，伤害；危害
(教材P63) These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的栖息地，而一部分鸟和鱼又以危害水稻的昆虫为食。
(1)do sb./sth.harm＝do harm to sb./sth. 对……有害
There is no harm in doing sth.＝It does no harm to do sth. 做某事并无害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to ... 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
(经典佳句)Watching TV too much can harm children's ability to learn.
看电视过多会影响孩子的学习能力。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We should protect wild animals from being harmed(harm) and live in peace with them.
②Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful(harm) to people.
③There is no harm in saying (say) sorry to her first.
句型转换
④There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
→It does no harm to give gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
[写美] 一句多译
喝酒太多对你的健康有害。
⑤Drinking too much does harm to your health.(harm n．)
⑥Drinking too much is harmful to your health.(harmful)
⑦Drinking too much harms your health.(harm v．)
4．go to the trouble to do/of doing sth.费力做某事
(教材P62)So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the entire mountains into terraces
为什么当地人要如此大费周章，将整片山地变成梯田呢？
ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自寻烦恼
get into trouble 陷入困境
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事
be in trouble 在(危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的)处境中
(经典佳句)The host went to the trouble to make me comfortable.
主人为了让我感到舒适而不辞辛劳。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He took the trouble to gather (gather) the materials for me.
②Although Mike was in trouble, he didn't lose heart.
③If your mind is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering (answer) these questions.
[写美] 一句多译
历史学家要费那么大的劲来保存数百万本关于过去的书籍、文献和记录。
④Historians go to so much trouble of preserving millions of books, documents and records of the past.
⑤Historians go to so much trouble to preserve millions of books, documents and records of the past.
5．feed on 以……为食
(教材P63) These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的栖息地，而一部分鸟和鱼又以危害水稻的昆虫为食。
feed sb.with/on ... 用……喂养某人
feed sth.to sb./sth. 把某物给某人/某物吃
be fed up with 厌倦……
(经典佳句)Birds feed on nuts and berries in the winter.
鸟类靠坚果和浆果过冬。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Most of the Chinese people feed on rice.
②Farmers feed kitchen leftovers to the pigs.
[写美] 补全句子
③他已经厌倦了城市生活。
He has become fed up with the city life.
[句型公式] 现在分词(短语)作状语
(教材P62)Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun.
想象一下：春日，群山被银白色的水田包裹，在阳光下闪闪发光。
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语，可作伴随、方式、时间、原因、结果状语等；
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，作状语的现在分词(短语)的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，其表示的动作与句子的主语之间是主动关系；
(3)现在分词(短语)作时间、原因等状语时可转化为相应的状语从句。
(经典佳句)The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
那些孩子跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The old man fell off the bike, breaking (break) his left leg.
②Mary came back in a hurry only to find (find) her mother dead in the hospital.
句型转换
③If you work hard, you'll succeed.
→Working hard，you'll succeed.
④They walked by the lake and held hands.
→They walked by the lake, holding hands.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
[名师点津] 现在分词(短语)充当结果状语常指自然而然的结果，不定式(短语)也可充当结果状语，常指出乎意料的结果。
维度一 品句填词
1．The road is covered with a sheet (层) of ice, so be careful while going to school.
2．After the harvest, the peasants began to prepare the soil (土壤) for seed.
3．The lake was so shallow (浅的) that we could see the bottom.
4．I could have asked her, but something prevented (阻挡) me from doing so.
5．The drought killed our crops (庄稼), and there wasn't enough grass for the cattle.
6．The chocolates are individually wrapped in gold foil.
7．Just before the frost (霜) farmers everywhere rushed to give the land a good watering.
8．How many dynasties (朝代) are there in China's history
9．It was much too late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.
10．Who would have expected that he could climb up that steep (陡峭的) cliff
维度二 词形转换
1．As usual there will be the local and regional (region) elections on 12 June.
2．They can build a more harmonious (harmony) society once inequality and exploitation are removed.
3．Stella, 21, is at art school training to be a fashion designer (design)．
4．It is obvious that smoking is harmful (harm) to health.
5．In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural (agriculture) society to a mostly industrial one.
6．The project is taking a long time but is now nearing completion (complete)．
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．Bats fly at night and feed on (以……为食) insects.
2．The heavy snow prevented us from going out (阻止我们出去) for sports.
3．I need plenty of (很多) time to finish the work.
4．To live a happy life, we should be in harmony with (与……和谐相处) nature.
5．There were cars in front as far as (远至) he could see, and none of them could move.
6．It was in front of the Palace Museum that (是在故宫博物院的前面) a lot of people were waiting to buy the tickets.
PAGE
12(共23张PPT)
A鱼
根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词
和介词的搭配关系选择
关系代
根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭
介词选
关系选择
择的原
根据句子的意思选择
定语从句
介词+w
在定语从句中代替
相应的关系副
代词/数词+of+ which/whom引导
定语从句
介词+关
系代词”几
名词+ of which/whom”引导
种常见的
定语从句
结构
the+形容词比较级(最高级)+of
which/whon”引导定语从句Using language
Grammar——定语从句(3)
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指人，用“介词＋whom”；如果指物，用“介词＋which”。
1．关系代词前介词选择的原则
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词和介词的搭配关系选择。
There comes Tom, for whom I have been waiting an hour or so.
汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时了。
(2)根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.
刚才和你们说话的老太太是一个著名的艺术家。
(3)根据句子的意思选择。
Thank you for your help, without which we couldn't have finished the task on time.
谢谢你的帮助，没有你的帮助，我们就不能按时完成任务。
[即时演练]
用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①There are some occasions on which one must give in.
②Can you tell me the reason for which you didn't come to her birthday party
③Water is a thing without which man can't live.
④Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
句型转换
⑤We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.
→We are in a position in which we may lose a large sum of money.
⑥We are looking forward to the day when we will get together.
→We are looking forward to the day on which we will get together.
⑦I don't know the reason why the house is so dirty.
→I don't know the reason for which the house is so dirty.
补全句子
⑧他有三个儿子，其中一个是医生。
He has three sons, one of whom is a doctor.
⑨这类书是给母语为汉语的儿童看的。
This kind of book is for children, the native language of whom is Chinese.
2．“介词＋关系代词”的几种常见结构
(1)“介词＋which”在定语从句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。
I often think of the moment at which (＝when) I saw the UFO.
我常常想起我看见不明飞行物的那一刻。
The police searched the house in which (＝where) the thief had stayed.
警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。
I don't know the reason for which (＝why) he performed badly.
我不知道他为什么表现差。
(2)“代词/数词＋of＋which/whom”引导定语从句。
这个结构中，代词常常为all, each, one, many, much, most, some, none, both等，“代词＋of＋which/whom”通常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“of＋which/whom”置于代词或数词前。
He has lots of hobbies, one of which is swimming.
他有很多爱好，其中之一是游泳。
The old man has three sons, all of whom care about him.
那位老人有三个儿子，他们都很关心他。
(3)“the＋名词＋of which/whom”引导定语从句。
这个结构中，of which/whom充当定语，修饰前面的名词，整个结构相当于“whose＋名词”引导的定语从句。
I saw some trees, the leaves of which(＝whose leaves) were yellow with disease.
我看见一些树，它们的叶子因害病而发黄。
On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which(＝whose meaning) I don't understand.
老师在黑板上写了一个句子，句子的意思我不明白。
(4)“the＋形容词比较级(最高级)＋of＋which/whom”引导定语从句。
There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet in height.
这儿有两座建筑物，较大的那座几乎有100英尺高。
1．replace v．以……替换，更换；放回原处
(教材P65) In sentence (a), can we replace “in which” with “where” without changing the meaning
在句(a)中，在不改变句意的情况下，我们能用“where”代替“in which”吗？
(1)replace sth.with/by sth. 用……代替/替换……
replace ...as 代替……成为
(2)take the place of sb.＝take one's place 代替某人
in place of 代替
(经典佳句)The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
这家工厂用机器人取代了大多数工人。
[练透] 一词多义
①He's brought me a new camera to replace my old one. 替换
②You have to replace the books on the shelves before you leave. 放回原处
单句语法填空
③It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not.
④Tourism has replaced agriculture as the nation's main industry.
[写美] 词汇升级
⑤John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of him/take his place.
2．priority n．优先处理的事，当务之急
(教材P65) Natural dyes are also becoming more popular with consumers for whom caring for the environment is a priority.
天然染料也越来越受到消费者的欢迎，对他们来说，保护环境是当务之急。
(1)give priority to 优先考虑；给……以优先权
take/have priority over 优先于，比……重要
(2)prior adj. 优先的；在前的；较重要的
(经典佳句)My top priority is to find somewhere to live.
我首先要考虑的是找个地方住。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority.
②The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research.
[写美] 补全句子
③学校将重点发展理科、数学和现代语言。
The school will give priority to science, maths and modern languages.
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.
2．The girl to whom you talked just now is our English teacher.
3．The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.
4．The death of his son was an experience from which he never fully recovered.
5．She is a teacher of much knowledge, from whom much can be learned.
6．Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.
7．The newly built café，the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
8．He built a telescope through which he could study the stars.
9．This is the student for whom I bought the book.
10．She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．我们在学生中进行了一次调查，78%的学生投票支持Lee来当班长。
We made a survey among the students, 78% of whom voted Lee their monitor.
2．我永远不会忘记她与我第一次见面的那一天。
I'll never forget the day on which/when she met me for the first time.
3．据报道，在我的家乡正在建的两所学校将在明年投入使用。
It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
4．学生们应该积极参加那些他们能够获得社会经验的社区活动。
Students should take an active part in the community activities from which they can gain social experience.
5．在我的第一堂化学课上，我知道了这个事实：这种无色气体被称作氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
In my first chemistry class I knew the fact that this kind of colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen.
6．历史是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。
History is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
“用介词＋关系代词”完成语段
Jack is an engineer, who is working in the factory 1.in which my father worked.He has been interested in stories of physical scientists since an early age, 2.from which he learned a lot.During the years in Tsinghua University, he was taught by a famous professor, 3.without whose help he couldn't have made his achievement today.The reason 4.for which he is famous is that he has made great contributions to our country, and he is the man 5.to whom we should show our respect.
PAGE
5(共48张PPT)
Make yourself at home
A鱼Developing ideas
A Love of Gardening
[1]“If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden.”These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published① in 1911.At that time②， only the very rich in Britain had gardens.Very soon after this, homes with gardens began to be built.[2]This is what started the British love of gardening！[3]Today, millions of③ Brits like to say that they have “green fingers④”，with around half the population spending their free time gardening⑤.
[1]if引导条件状语从句；that引导宾语从句。
[2]what引导表语从句。
[3]that引导宾语从句；with around half the population spending their free time gardening 为with复合结构作状语。
For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world.[4]Each spring, children plant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest.Expert⑥ gardeners⑦ know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into⑧ competitions.[5]And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty⑨ of the world around them.
[4]which引导宾语从句。
[5]while引导让步状语从句。
But in cities，limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.[6]Those without outside space can rent⑩ small pieces of land on which to grow things.Today, there are over 4,000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land.One recent idea has been to turn rooftops and walls into private gardens.These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality .
[6]on which to grow things为“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”形式，此结构可用来简化定语从句。
As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul .What other free time activity allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things And if you're in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden：“Where you tend a rose ...A thistle cannot grow.”
①publish v． 出版
②at that time 在那时，那时
③millions of 数以百万计的
④green fingers 高超的种植技能
⑤spend ...(in) doing sth. 花费(时间、金钱)做某事
⑥expert adj. 内行的，专家的
⑦gardener n． 园艺爱好者，园丁
⑧enter into ... 参与；进入
⑨beauty n． 美，美丽
⑩rent v． 租用，租借
rooftop n． 屋顶
turn ...into ... 把……变成……
improve v． 改善，改进
air quality 空气质量
as well as 又；也；除……之外
be good for 对……有益
soul n． 灵魂
allow sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
at one with nature 与大自然融为一体
be in doubt about ... 对……有疑问
reflect on 仔细考虑，思考
line n． 文字
thistle n． 蓟
[参考译文]
热爱园艺
“如果从合适的角度去欣赏，你会发现整个世界就是一个花园。”《秘密花园》的作者曾这样说。这本书1911年首次出版，在当时的英国，只有富豪才拥有花园。不久之后，人们开始建造带有花园的房子，英国人对园艺的热爱就此开始！如今，数以百万的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指(意为擅长园艺)”，约有一半的英国人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。
对于许多英国人来说，花园就是他们的私密世界。每年春天，孩子们种下向日葵，满怀期待地看谁种的长得最高。高明的园丁对于花园里哪个角落最合适种玫瑰都了如指掌，其他人则花费大量时间力图种出最完美的蔬菜参加竞赛。虽然许多英国人认为锄草是周日最棒的活动，但也有的人只要能坐在树下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。
但在城市里，有限的空间促使人们寻找新的解决方案。住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地种植作物。现如今，伦敦有四千多人在等待租用这样的土地。近期的一个理念是将屋顶和墙壁改造为私人花园。这些花园可以增加城市绿化面积，改善空气质量。
除了能改善环境，园艺还能净化心灵。还有什么其他业余活动能让你在享受自然的同时创造出更美丽的生物呢？如果你对这一点有任何疑问，请停下片刻，回味一下《秘密花园》中的这句话：“当你种下玫瑰……蓟草就不会生长。”
Step One：Pre reading
Do you want to have a garden？Why
Yes, I'd like to have a garden.Because I can plant some flowers I love.When these flowers blossom, the garden becomes more beautiful and make my mood better.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What's the main idea of the text
A．History about gardening.
B．British enthusiasm on gardening.
C．Amazing gardening.
D．The benefits of gardening.
答案：B
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What do the words“green fingers”in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．The ability to garden.
B．A taste for green.
C．Fingers in green color.
D．A love for green.
2．What can we infer from the second paragraph
A．Different from people in other countries, the British people's fingers are green.
B．All the British people have their own gardens.
C．Around half the population spend most of their free time gardening.
D．Lots of British people not only love but also are good at gardening.
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality.
B．Today more than 4,000 Londoners rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.
C．But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
D．Some people have turned rooftops and walls into private gardens.
答案：1～3 ADC
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The book The Secret Garden, 1.published (publish) in 1911, inspires people to plant flowers.But before that, only a few people had enough money 2.to have (have) gardens.Many houses have been built 3.with gardens and many British people are proud of their “green fingers”．In spring children like to plant sunflowers and wait to find the 4.tallest (tall) one.Some people spend much time 5.growing (grow) their vegetables to enter into competitions.However, 6.limited (limit) space has led to people in cities looking for new solutions.Some rent small pieces of land 7.on which to grow things.Today there are over 4,000 people in London 8.waiting (wait) for such pieces of land.Others even turn their rooftops and walls 9.into private gardens.These gardens not only help make the cities greener and improve air quality but also is good 10.for the soul.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．publish an article 发表一篇文章
2．seek expert advice 征求专家的意见
3．the branches of the tree 树枝
4．rent the land 租用土地
5．the rooftops of a few small villages 一些小村庄的屋顶
6．a delicate fruit flavour 淡淡的水果味
7．the educational system 教育系统
8．A man's life is limited, but there is no limit to serving the people.(limit)
9．From our point of view, we do not see how these changes will be beneficial for the benefit of the whole company.(benefit)
10．To our pleasure, the pleasant climate can make us relaxed.(please)
11．The energetic man was full of energy every day.(energy)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
以 cial结尾的形容词：
racial adj.种族的 financial adj.财政的
official adj.官方的 facial adj.面部的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．The coastal plain is good for (对……有好处) growing crops.
2．They should be allowed to wait for (等待) cheaper technologies to be developed.
3．This is the kind of place where you can feel at one with (与……融为一体) nature.
4．His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt (对……有疑问)．
5．The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on (思考) the many achievements of the past.
6．The test is used to diagnose a variety of (各种各样的) diseases.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published in 1911.
[句式分析] 过去分词短语作后置定语。
[佳句仿写] 我喜欢我妈妈做的饭菜。
I am fond of the food cooked by my mother.
2．[教材原句] As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul.
[句式分析] as well as连接并列成分。
[佳句仿写] 电能既可以被转变成光能，又可以被转变成热能。
Electric energy can be changed into light energy as well as into heat energy.
3．[教材原句] And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
[句式分析] nothing better than意为“没有什么比……更好了”。否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级。
[佳句仿写] 没有什么比宅在家里更好的了。
There is nothing better than staying at home.
1．expert adj.内行的，专家的 n．专家
(教材P68) Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions.
高明的园丁对于花园里哪个角落最合适种玫瑰都了如指掌，其他人则花费大量时间力图种出最完美的蔬菜参加竞赛。
an expert in/on/at ... 某方面的专家
be expert in/at 在某方面擅长
(经典佳句) The centre provides expert advice for people with financial problems.
该中心为大家提供理财方面的专家咨询。
[练透] 一词多义
①She is an expert in child psychology. 专家
②A musician is one who is expert in playing a musical instrument. 内行的，专家的
[写美] 一句多译
她擅长做便宜但雅致的服装。
③She is expert in/at making cheap but stylish clothes.(expert adj.)
④She is an expert in/on/at making cheap but stylish clothes.(expert n．)
2．limited adj.有限的
(教材P70) But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但在城市里，有限的空间促使人们寻找新的解决方案。
(1)limit n． 限制；极限；界限
v. 限制
set a limit to 限制，控制
limit ...to ... 把……限制在……
(2)limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的
(经典佳句)Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit.
②We must set a limit to the expense of the trip.
③He was born into a poor family, and only received a limited (limit) education in his childhood.
[写美] 补全句子
④我认为教学不应该局限于教室之内。
I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.
3．benefit n．好处，益处 v．有利于；有益于；受益
(教材P70) What are the benefits of gardening
园艺的好处有哪些呢？
(1)be of benefit to sb. 对某人有益处
for the benefit of ... 为了……的利益
(2)benefit sb./sth. 对某人/物有益
benefit from/by ... 从……中受益，得益于……
(3)beneficial adj. 有益的
be beneficial to ... 对……有益
(经典佳句)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running.
竞走与跑步一样都有助于健康。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①There are a lot of benefits (benefit) for you to work out, especially in the morning.
②People would benefit greatly from/by a pollution free vehicle.
补全句子
③中国一直在为了全体公民的利益而推行改革。
China has been pushing the reform for the benefit of all its citizens.
[写美] 一句多译
课前预习让我受益匪浅。
④It really benefits me a lot to preview lessons before class.(benefit v．)
⑤It is of great benefit to me to preview lessons before class.(benefit n．)
⑥It is very beneficial to me to preview lessons before class.(beneficial adj.)
4．as well as 除……之外；和；也
(教材P70)As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul.
除了能改善环境，园艺还能净化心灵。
(1)as well as后可接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等；当后接动词时，多用动词 ing形式。
(2)as well as连接两个并列的主语时，其谓语动词的形式常与前面的主语保持一致。
(3)as well as可作为well的同级比较结构，表示“和……一样好”。
(4)as well 意为“也；又；还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
(经典佳句)It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter.
夏天不好过，冬天也不好过。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①English, as well as Chinese and maths, is (be) of great importance.
②I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well.
[写美] 补全句子
③大山汉语说得同母语为汉语的人一样好。
Da Shan speaks Chinese as well as a native speaker.
④伟大的科学成就将对我们的生活和社会产生积极的影响。
Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on our life as well as society.
1．[句型公式] nothing better than 没有什么比……更好了，……最好了(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义)
(教材P68) And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass，some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
虽然许多英国人认为锄草是周日最棒的活动，但也有的人只要能坐在树下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。
本句中nothing better than为形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：再也没有比……更……的了。
表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：
never/not/no＋比较级,nothing 或no等 ＋so＋原级＋as ...
nothing 或no等 ＋比较级＋than ...
(经典佳句)I like nothing better than swimming.
我最喜欢游泳。
[练透] 补全句子
①健康是最宝贵的。
Nothing is more precious than health.
②这项工作他做得最出色。
Nobody can do the work better than he did.
[写美] 句型转换
③It is the most interesting novel I've ever read.
→I have never read a more interesting novel.
2．[句型公式] make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材P69)These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality.
这些花园可以增加城市绿化面积，改善空气质量。
句中make the cities greener为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。其中the cities为宾语，greener为形容词作宾语补足语。“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构的其他形式：
(1)make＋宾语＋介词短语
(2)make＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式(变为被动语态时，to要还原)
(3)make＋宾语＋名词(若为职务名词，其前不加冠词)
(4)make＋宾语＋过去分词
(经典佳句) The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.
互联网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Children should be made to understand (understand) the importance of saving water.
②The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard (hear)．
[写美] 补全句子
③我刚一进门，女主人就对我说：“别客气，就像在你自己家一样。”
“Make yourself at home，”the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.
[名师点津] “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中通常不用现在分词充当宾语补足语。
维度一 品句填词
1．It has been 3 years since I published (出版) my first book.
2．I rented (租借) a car from a garage so that I could get about.
3．You'll also get expert (专家的) advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
4．A large range of herbs and spices are used in South Asian cooking.
5．The accident was caused by the failure of the reactor's cooling system.
6．The fruit on the lower branches (树枝) was protected from the sun.
7．From the hill we looked out over the rooftops (屋顶) of Athens.
8．This yogurt comes in ten different flavours (味道)．
维度二 词形转换
1．All the players on the football field were energetic (energy) and powerful, looking very vigorous.
2．I have many pleasant (pleasure) recollections of the time we spent together.
3．Walking is extremely beneficial (benefit) to your body.
4．This dictionary uses a limited (limit) number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。
We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.
2．就我而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。
As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than studying hard.
3．为了取得更大的进步，该是我认真反省错误的时候了。
It's high time that I got down to reflecting on my mistakes in order to make greater progress.
4．车辆噪音很大，她无法让人听到她的声音。
She couldn't make herself heard above the noise of the traffic.
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A鱼Writing a summary
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠解 [参考范文] [名师论道]
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Such a habit is so popular that many people plant easy to grow herbs in their own tea gardens.There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas, including traditional lemon and ginger, as well as many unusual flavours such as mango, strawberry, apple, pear, blackberry leaf and dandelion.Aside from the variety of flavours, herbal tea also has various health benefits.Some can help people relax, and some like ginger tea, are good for the immune system, while others, such as mint tea, are beneficial for digestion. [学语言]本文为概要写作，范文分为三部分，三部分中心内容分别为Their popularity, Unusual flavours, Health benefits。范文正是从文章中心内容入手，然后用不同的表达，如so ...that ...结构，there be句型等；另外作者用不同的连接词或短语将不同段落的内容连接起来，使文章更加顺畅；除此之外，范文还对信息进行了适当地整合与重组。[学结构]中心内容(Their popularity, Unusual flavours, Health benefits)→段落大意(many people grow their very own tea gardens with easy to grow herbs/mango, strawberry, apple, pear, blackberry leaf and dandelion/It can be good for digestion)→添加细节，丰富内容→整合句子，重组文章→添连词，连全文。
佳句背诵 1.When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.当一些化学废料被排放到海洋时，它们会伤害或杀死动物和鱼类。2.As can be seen from the chart, an increasing number of people own mobile phones in China now.从图表中可以看出，现在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。3.Nowadays some teenagers prefer to watch TV at home rather rather than go out for exercise.如今，一些青少年宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去做运动。4.Our city has developed into a big one, which is four times the size of what it used to be.我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的4倍大。5.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你学习越努力，取得的进步越大。6.There's no doubt that it can enhance people's consciousness of health, but it is likely to result in over anxiety.毫无疑问，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends.Meanwhile, they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)．Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.
These school buses meet more of the nation's motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicles on the road.Also, several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer, such as video cameras on the inside and outside, stop arm cameras, GPS tracking and collision lessening systems.Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs, closely spaced seats and energy absorbing seating.
But even the safeness of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big, yellow bus.The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them.All drivers must obtain a Class B or C Commercial Driver's License(CDL)．They are randomly tested for alcohol and drugs, usually have their driving record checked, and are given the same review for criminal history as teachers and other employees who have contact with students.In order to serve as a school bus driver, most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course, along with instruction in the classroom and behind the wheel.
School buses are safe for the environment, not only because each bus replaces 36 passenger cars that would, but for the buses, be on the road taking and picking up school children.Additionally, school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas, and electric power.
Todd Monteferrario, President of the National School Transportation Association, said parents should remember that the safest and smartest choice is to put their children on the big yellow bus when they can.
[写作指导]
概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
在写概要时，要按照“六步法”的程序进行，具体操作方法如下：
1．Scan the passage—览全文，定体裁
2．Underline the main points—划要点
3．Miss the details—省细节
4．Analyse the structure—析结构
5．Restate the points—换表达
6．Yoke the sentences to a passage—连全文
文章体裁 议论文
话题 It is the safest way for kids to and from school by the yellow school bus.
结构 总—分—总
分要点 校车满足了较高的车辆安全标准且技术配备先进。 not only ...but also ...，meet，equip 可能用到的词汇和句型
校车司机必须通过严格的资格考试和安全驾驶培训。 pass, qualification, training
校车以绿色燃料为动力，减少了私家车上路，因此很环保。 power, reduce, hit the roads, environmentally
参考范文：
The school bus is the safest and wisest choice to school in the US for the following reasons.(要点1)Firstly, school buses not only meet high vehicle safety standards but also are technologically equipped.(要点2)Secondly, the bus drivers have to pass strict qualification tests and safety driving trainings.(要点3)Thirdly, school buses, powered by green fuels, are environmentally safe by reducing the number of private cars hitting the roads.(要点4)Therefore, children are encouraged to go to school by school bus.(要点5)
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单元自
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