人教版（新课程标准） 选修6 Unit1-5课件+学案（10份打包）

(共82张PPT)
m
把握主题
Para.1:介绍事情的起因Para2:介绍事情的经过→Para3:介绍事情的结果
本文是一篇记叙文。工人 Nicolo
无意中在意大利警察所经营的
Nicolo在拍卖
Nicolo的儿子发现了其中一幅画的不寻常之这家人打电话给意大利
会上以32美
处。他买了一本书,吃惊地发现里面有一幅艺文化部,官方证实这些
拍卖会上得到了两幅画,最后
元的价格竞拍
术家 Pierre bonnard的照片,他坐在和父亲的画是原版名画,价值高
经过鉴定两幅画都是大师的原
到了两幅画。
画里面一样的一张椅子上
达5000万美元。
作,价值不菲Unit 1 Art
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．abstract adj.　　　　　 抽象的；深奥的
n. 摘要
2．sculpture n. 雕塑
3．gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊
4．conventional adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的
5．technique n. 技术；方法；技能
6．ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
7．controversial adj. 争论的；争议的
8．aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的
9．flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉体
10．avenue n. 林荫道；道路；大街
11．visual adj. 视觉的；看得见的
12．fragrant adj. 香的；令人愉快的
13．contemporary adj. 当代的；同时代的
14．permanent adj. 永久的；持久的
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的
2．shadow n. 阴影；影子
3．attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图
vt. 尝试；企图
4．specific adj. 确切的；特定的
5．figure n. 画像；身材；数字
6．carve vt. 雕刻；刻记
7．allergic adj. 过敏性的；过敏的
8．scholar n. 学者
9．bunch n. 束；串
10．appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助
vt. 将……上诉
n. 呼吁；恳求
11．reputation n. 名声；名誉
12．district n. 区；区域；行政区
13．committee n. 委员会
14．signature n. 署名；签字
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv.忠实地
2．type n．类型；典型v.打字→typical adj.典型的；有代表性的→typist n．打字员
3．evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidence n．证据；证明；明显
4．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.收养的；移居的→adoption n．收养；采用
5．possess vt.拥有；具有；支配→possession n．(尤作复数)所有；财产；具有；拥有
6．coincident adj.同时发生的→coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合
7．predict vt.预言；预告；预测→prediction n．预言；预测→predictor n．预言者
8．aim n．目标；目的vi.& vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.没有目标的；漫无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
9．exhibit v．展览；展出；开展览会→exhibition n．展览；陈列；展览会
10．prefer v．喜爱；偏爱→preference n．喜爱；偏爱
[语境活用]
1．From the look on Mary's face, it was evident that they've found no evidence so far who had stolen the computers in the office. (evident)
2．I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years, and I think he is a faithful and honest friend. (faith)
3．I was walking aimlessly in the street when I came across John, who led an aimless sort of life without any aim. (aim)
4．With his business going on well, he at first possessed big houses, cars, and later he took possession of stocks of different companies. Then, he found that everything he had dreamed of was in his possession. (possess)
5．Mr White is the adopted son of Mrs Green, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago. Thanks to her adoption, Mr White could receive a good education and become an engineer. (adopt)
6．The headmaster has a preference that he prefers overseas Chinese students and encourages them to return home to start their own careers. (prefer)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．faith n．信任；信心；信念；承诺
背词条用法 have/lose faith in　　　　对……有/失去信心keep/break faith with 对……守信用/不守信用
背写作佳句 ①I have faith in him because he is studying hard.我对他很有信心，因为他学习努力。②I have lost faith in that company, but I kept faith with the manager.我对那家公司失去了信心，但我对经理守信用。
2.aim n．目标；目的vi.& vt.瞄准；对准；旨在；(向某方向)努力
背词条用法 (1)achieve one's aim　 达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标without aim 漫无目的地with the aim of 以……为目标；意在/旨在……(2)aim at/for 针对；瞄准；目的在于aim sth.at sb./sth.　 使某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物aim to do sth.　　　　　意欲/企图/旨在做某事 意欲/企图/旨在做某事
背写作佳句 ①This activity is aimed at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking. 这项活动旨在提高学生的听说能力。②Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。
3．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
背词条用法 adopt sb. as ...　　　　　收养/挑选某人为…… adopt new methods 采用新方法
背写作佳句 ①The family has adopted a homeless child as their own.这个家庭收养了一个无家可归的孩子作为他们自己的。②The schools must adopt new methods of teaching foreign languages.学校必须采用新的外语教学方法。
4．possess vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
背词条用法 (1)be possessed of　　 具有(某品质、特征等)(2)be in possession of 占有；拥有；持有be in sb.'s possession＝be in the possession of sb. 为某人所有；在某人的控制下get/take/gain/have possession of　　拥有；占有
背写作佳句 ①In addition, our society should admire the people who is possessed of the moral courage.此外，我们的社会应该钦佩那些拥有道德勇气的人。②As we all know, he is in possession of a good reputation.众所周知，他拥有一个好名声。
5．attempt n．努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图
背词条用法 (1)attempt to do sth.　　　　　　 努力/试图做某事(2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.　 试图做某事at the first/second ...attempt 第一/二……次尝试
背写作佳句 ①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)On the way, although I fell behind, I attempted to catch up with them.在路上，尽管我落后了，但我努力赶上他们。②Australian scientists are making fresh attempts at explaining climate change. 澳大利亚科学家正在对解释气候变化作出新的尝试。
6．figure n．画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字；图表；插图v.估计；计算；认为
背词条用法 (1)figure out　弄清楚；弄懂；弄明白；计算(数量或成本)(2)keep one's figure　保持体形
背写作佳句 ①If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。②I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.我想知道玛丽这些年到底是如何保持体形的。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．by coincidence　　　　　　　 偶然地；巧合地
2．a great deal 大量
3．on the other hand (可是)另一方面
4．concentrate on 集中精力于……
5．break away from 逃脱；摆脱；脱离
6．lead to 导致；通向；通往
7．be allergic to ... 对……过敏
8．in the flesh 活着的；本人
9．a bunch of 一束
10．more than 不只是；多于
11．write down 写下；记下
12．take turns 依次；轮流
13．scores of 大量；许多
14．depend/rely on 依靠；依赖
15．appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)
感兴趣；(向某人)呼吁
重点短语拓展用活
1．on the other hand (可是)另一方面
背相关短语 (1)on (the) one hand ...on the other (hand) ...一方面……另一方面……(2)for one thing ...for another ...一则……二则……(3)first(ly) ... second(ly) ...　第一……第二……
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)On the one hand, he is very strict with us in study; on the other hand, he is very protective towards us in life.一方面，他在学习上对我们很严格；另一方面，他在生活上对我们呵护备至。②I'm not going to buy it; for one thing I don't like the color, and for another it's far too expensive.我不准备买这个东西；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是它太贵了。
2.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；(向某人)呼吁
背相关短语 (1)appeal to sb. for sth.　 为某事向某人呼吁或请求appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
背写作佳句 ①The author appeals to us to be more kind to animals. ＝The author makes an appeal to us to be more kind to animals.作者向我们呼吁要对动物更加友好。②The excellent traditional Chinese customs and culture appeal to tourists around the world.优秀的中国传统风俗和文化吸引着世界各地的游客。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.(without引导的含蓄条件句)
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
佳句① Without all the classmates' efforts and teachers' help, we couldn't have lived the life to the fullest.没有所有同学们的努力和老师们的帮助，我们不可能过着充实的生活。
佳句② (2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Without a good rest, you would not be able to get enough energy.没有好的休息，你就不能得到足够的精力。
2．Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.(介词短语位于句首的全部倒装)
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。
佳句① In front of the stadium stood many students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests.体育场前站着许多手持鲜花的学生，他们正在等待贵宾的到来。
佳句② At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing.重庆位于长江与嘉陵江交汇的地方。
3．Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.(动词 ing短语作状语常常表示一种必然的结果)
亨利·克莱·弗里克，纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。
佳句① (2020·天津5月高考书面表达)I have formed the habit of visiting the websites at weekends, broadening my horizons and helping me to know more about western culture.我已经养成了周末浏览网站的习惯，开阔了我的视野，让我对西方文化有了更多的了解。
佳句② (2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, becoming the new landmark in our school.首先，一座新的体育馆已被建成，成为我们学校的新地标。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works.
这次展览为当地艺术家提供了一个展示自己作品的机会。
2．The paper cutting, one of the Chinese most popular folk arts, may date from the sixth century AD.
剪纸是中国最受欢迎的民间艺术之一，可以追溯到公元六世纪。
3．Art is much less important than life, but what a poor life without it!
艺术远没有生活重要，但是没有艺术，生活是多么乏味啊！
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——推荐信(二)
[题目要求]
假定你是红星中学高三学生李华。英国交换生Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对你校的学生社团非常感兴趣，计划下学期参加其中一个，故向你征询建议。请给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1．推荐的社团； 2.推荐的理由； 3.建议他做哪些准备。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。　 　
[背范文]
Dear Jim,
I'm more than delighted to know you are interested in the clubs of our school and want to join one of them next term. The Beijing Opera club is recommended for the following reasons.
First, Beijing Opera is like a pearl in traditional Chinese art. Joining this club can give you a taste of traditional Chinese art. Besides, the club will regularly organize various activities, such as inviting famous actors to perform and drawing Beijing Opera masks. When it comes to preparation, you can watch some famous Beijing Opera videos on the Internet or read some relevant materials, which will definitely be beneficial to you.
Hope my suggestions can be of help. If you want to learn something more, don't hesitate to contact me.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：a pearl in traditional Chinese art, a taste of, when it comes to, relevant materials, be beneficial to, be of help等。
(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：被动语态The Beijing Opera club is recommended ...；动名词短语作主语Joining this club；非限制性定语从句which will definitely be beneficial to you等。这些表达增强了文章的表达效果，是加分的亮点所在。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾先用Hope my suggestions can be of help.表达了作者希望自己的推荐能有所帮助。接着，用一个含有条件状语从句的句子表达了愿意继续提供帮助，感情真挚，能让对方感受到作者的热情。
3．学过渡衔接
文章中first, besides等过渡词语和过渡句The Beijing Opera club is recommended for the following reasons.的使用使文章叙述更合理，行文更流畅，逻辑更严密。
4．防微点失分
考生容易把“Joining this club can give you a taste of traditional Chinese art.”中的Joining误表达为Join，或把“Hope my suggestions can be of help.”中的suggestions误用成suggestion，从而导致失分。
学案(一)　重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With superb (极好的) skill he managed to make a perfect landing.
2．The sculpture (雕塑) offers a clue as to how Picasso's last phase must be interpreted.
3．The film starts off realistically and then develops into a ridiculous (荒谬的) fantasy.
4．The vase was quite fragile (易碎的) so we had to wrap it in soft material before we send it by post.
5．When we came in, he was busy carving (雕刻) a sculpture.
6.The short message is typical (典型的) of information technology, but it needs to be used with care.
7.It was evident (明显的) that the policy was a great success.
8.The medicine will be fatal to the people who are allergic (过敏的) to it.
9．This college has a good academic reputation (名声)．
10．There are several specific (特定的) problems to be dealt with.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．They attempted to adopt special techniques to give people different visual impacts.
视觉的
2．Nowadays, abstract art has become part of the contemporary civilization. 当代的
3．(熟词生义)These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear. (坏)影响
4．(熟词生义)She abstracted the main points from the argument. 概括
5．(熟词生义)Relatives of the victim watched from the public gallery as the murder charge was read out in court. 旁听席
6．(熟词生义)A typical working day for me begins at 7：30. 一贯的；平常的
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．One reason for her preference (prefer) for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
2.Once you have a solid written plan, the next trick is to learn how to work it effectively (effect)．
3．His paintings were on exhibition (exhibit) in the local art gallery last month.
4．There is a great deal of evidence (evident) indicating　that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
5．Mr Berry said the timing was a coincidence (coincident) and that his decision was unrelated to Mr Roman's departure.
6．The method is specifically (specific) designed for use in small groups.
7．Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smart phones defeated conventional (convention) PCs in sales.
8．Weather prediction (predict) has never been a perfect science.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)be typical of“是……的典型”，typical的词源为type。
(2)evident为形容词，名词为evidence，是抽象名词，后面常接同位语从句。
(3)allergic和 to搭配，表示“对……过敏”。
(4)effective的副词是直接加 ly。注意effect是名词。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．faith
[明其义]
n．信任；信心；信念；承诺
[通其用]
单句语法填空
①She had an unshakable faith in human goodness and natural honesty.
②History is the best teacher. It faithfully (faith) records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.
③Besides, it is also very important that friends should be faithful (faith) to each other.
2．aim
[明其义]
n．目标；目的vi.& vt.瞄准；对准；旨在；(向某方向)努力
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2019·北京高考)All our projects aim to promote (promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
②He wandered up and down the road aimlessly (aimless)．
(2)句式升级
There is a column called“Foreign Cultures”. It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.
③There is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， whose aim is to introduce/which aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. (非限制性定语从句)
④There is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. (现在分词短语作状语)
⑤There is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aimed at introducing American customs and the life of high school students. (过去分词短语作状语)
3．adopt
[明其义]
vt.采用；采纳；收养
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.
②Parents who have an adopted child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is adopted.(adopt)
(2)选词填空：adopt, adapt
③The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life.
[解其困]
adopt与adapt在拼写上只有一个字母之差，但在意义上却大相径庭。后者意为“(使)适应；改编”。
4．possess
[明其义]
vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①After the heavy rain，people had lost their homes and all their possessions (possess)．
②Although he doesn't possess much money, he is possessed (possess) of good health.
(2)一句多译
这个老人拥有一家大公司。
③The old man is in possession of a large company.
④The old man gets/takes/gains/has possession of a large company.
⑤A large company is in the possession of the old man.
[解其困]
in possession of 表示主动，意为“拥有；占有；持有”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in the possession of 表示被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。
5．attempt
[明其义]
n．努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏高考)When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find (find) a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.
②If you fail at the first attempt, there is no need to care about that.
③Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.
(2)翻译句子
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)由于每个国际学生都尝试自己泡茶，整个茶室很快活跃起来。
Soon the tea room became lively with every international student attempting to make their own tea.
6．figure
[明其义]
n．画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字；图表；插图
v．估计；计算；认为
[通其用]
(1)写出下列各句中figure的含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. 认为
②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure. 身材；体形
③It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job. 数字
④Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.人物
(2)补全句子
⑤Have you figured out how much the trip will cost
你算出来旅行要花多少钱了吗？
⑥I can't figure out why he did it.
我弄不明白他为什么要那么做。
[解其困]
figure作“身材；体形”讲时，是不可数名词。
学案(二)　词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
by coincidence， concentrate on， lead to， break away from， in the flesh， appeal to， more than， on the other hand
1.On the other hand, shopping online may cause people to buy goods that are not badly needed.
2．Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.
3.By coincidence, my classmate and I were born on the same day and in the same year.
4．I find it hard to concentrate on my studies with some people having small talks around me.
5．Facing up to your problems rather than breaking away from them is the best approach to working things out.
6．The government appealed to the public to remain calm in case of emergency.
7.You look much younger in the flesh than in the photographs.
8.More than twenty people were injured in the accident, most of whom were rushed to the hospital nearby.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以单独使用。
(2)by coincidence “巧合的是”，注意要用介词by。
(3)in the flesh “本人，亲自”，本短语中一定要有the。
(4)more than 属于一词多义，在上面题目中意为“多于；超过”。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．as a consequence VS as a consequence of
比较 ①As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.②As a consequence, he got the first place in this grade exam.
辨清 as a consequence意思是：因而，结果，强调的是结果； as a consequence of意思是：由于……，因为……，强调的是原因。
2．in possession of VS in the possession of
比较 ①The flat is in the possession of Tom.②Tom is in possession of the flat.
辨清 在possession的这两个短语中，有无the 意义不同，类似的还有：in charge of 和in the charge of。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中more than的含义)
①Our plane took off more than two hours late. 超过
②It took more than building supplies to construct these energy saving houses. It took brains, too. 不仅仅
③She is more than careful in doing things. 非常
[句式的验收盘点]
介词短语位于句首的完全倒装
[通其用]
补全句子
①There stands an old temple on the top of the hill.
在山顶上有一座古庙。
②Into the dark apartment walked David, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
③Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.
一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
④Such is our lively city, which you are welcome to visit at your convenience.
这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，在你方便时，欢迎来参观。
[解其困]
(1)out, in, down, up, away, here, there, now, then, next等表示方位和时间的副词位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子用完全倒装。
(4)代词such位于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。
(5)在第一、二种情况中，若主语是代词，则不用倒装。如：
Out he rushed on hearing the noise.
他一听到响声就跑了出去。
学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020全国卷Ⅱ·完形填空——对接课标主题：绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物
精读真题——拓展语言能力　(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by① the “after work auction (拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 ② until Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32.
[2]When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed (签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard，” a French 52 ③ he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father's painting.
[3]“That's the garden in our picture，” Nicolo's son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin's “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as ＄50 million.,
［析微点·厚积语言基础］
①微积累——“顺便拜访”聚一聚：
stop by　　　　 顺便拜访；顺路探望
drop in 顺道拜访，突然拜访
come around 拜访；探访
call on (短暂)拜访；探访；看望
pay a visit to 探望；拜访
②微技法——根据常识和语境解题：
文中第46题可以结合上文得知这是在拍卖会上，再结合拍卖会的实际情况，在拍卖时，应是竞拍者之间不断加价，最终出价高者获得拍卖品。由此可得出正确选项。
③微技法——根据同位语和语境解题：
分析语境可知“a French 52 he had never heard of”是上文Bonnard的同位语，对其进行说明，且根据下文a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可得出正确选项。
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意　
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
41．A．attached　　　　　　　　 B．allocated
C．exposed D．submitted
解析：选C　根据下文的“because of Italy's privacy laws”可知，由于意大利隐私法，他的真名不能透露。attach“系上”；allocate“分配”；expose“揭露，暴露”； submit“提交”。
42．A．finished B．delayed
C．considered D．tried
解析：选A　根据下文的“after work auction(拍卖)”可知，他是工作结束后去的拍卖会。
43．A．attended B．reserved
C．cancelled D．run
解析：选D　根据语境可知，拍卖会是由意大利警察组织的。attend“出席，上(学)”；reserve“预订”；cancel“取消”；run“经营，管理”。
44．A．shown B．found
C．kept D．hidden
解析：选B　根据下文可知，此处是指在火车上找到的东西被拍卖给出价最高的竞拍者。
45．A．nice B．familiar
C．useful D．real
解析：选A　根据语境及常识可知，Nicolo发现了两幅画，他认为挂在餐桌上方会很好看。
46．A．battled B．debated
C．discussed D．bargained
解析：选A　根据下文的“Nicolo finally won the paintings”可知，Nicolo和另外一个竞拍者互相竞价。battle“竞争”；debate“辩论”；discuss“讨论”；bargain“讨价还价”。
47．A．held B．left
C．registered D．brought
解析：选D　根据上文“When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily”以及下文“He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin.”可推测，Nicolo把在都灵居住时拍卖获得的两幅画和那张餐桌带到了西西里岛。
48．A．chosen B．received
C．ordered D．moved
解析：选D　参见上题解析。
49．A．missed B．failed
C．taken D．led
解析：选C　他的儿子上过艺术鉴赏课。take“学习，上(课程)”。
50．A．concrete B．unusual
C．unappealing D．natural
解析：选B　根据上文“His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class”可知，他的儿子上过艺术鉴赏课，觉得这幅画不同寻常。
51．A．appreciated B．touched
C．researched D．witnessed
解析：选C　根据上文的“It was signed(签名)‘Bonnato’ or so he thought”可知，Nicolo的儿子去查了这个签名，但是查到的只有“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。appreciate“欣赏，感激”；touch“触摸，接触”；research“调查”；witness“见证，目击”。
52．A．painter B．designer
C．author D．actor
解析：选A　参见上题解析。
53．A．expected B．surprised
C．anxious D．ready
解析：选B　根据本句语境及下文“That's the garden in our picture”可推测，Nicolo 的儿子买的一本书中有Pierre Bonnard的一幅图片，图片中的椅子和花园跟Nicolo得到的画中的一模一样，这应该是让人惊讶的。
54．A．room B．kitchen
C．hall D．garden
解析：选D　参见上题解析。上文“on a garden chair”和下文“That's the garden”也是提示。
55．A．apparently B．confidently
C．eventually D．temporarily
解析：选C　根据语境可知， Nicolo 父子最终(eventually)知道了这幅画的名字。apparently“明显的”；temporarily“暂时的”。
56．A．owned B．borrowed
C．sold D．stole
解析：选A　根据语境可知，应该是他们拥有的这幅画。
57．A．collected B．cleaned
C．framed D．studied
解析：选D　根据语境可知，他们调查了第一幅画和它的作者之后，又去研究另外一幅画。frame“给(图画或照片)配框”。
58．A．suitably B．actually
C．rightly D．specifically
解析：选B　根据语境可知，他们研究了另外一幅画，得知这幅画实际上是保罗·高更的作品。
59．A．girl B．artist
C．family D．police
解析：选C　根据下文信息可知，应该是父子俩打电话去意大利文化部确认这两幅画的真伪。只有 family 可以指代文中出现的父子俩。
60．A.copies B．originals
C．models D．presents
解析：选B　根据“the official confirmed”可知，官方证实这两幅画是画家原作。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第46题主要考查考生的逻辑性思维。根据上文的“were sold to the highest bidder”及下文的“until Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32”可知，此处描述了两个人为了得到这两幅画而发生了竞价大战，故选A项。此处考生容易理解成是二人就买画一事在讨价还价，而选择D项 bargain“讨价还价”。做此题时，须注意联系上下文语境才能得出“这是在拍卖会上竞拍”的结论。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Nicolo 在拍卖会上以32美元竞拍到了两幅画。他的儿子发现其中一幅画不同寻常。最后，这家人打电话给意大利文化部，官方证实这些画是名画真迹，价值高达5 000万美元。本篇文章通过展现艺术之美，旨在引导学生养成高尚的审美情趣和良好的审美意识，并倡导学生在生活中积极去发现美、体验美。
借力真题——发掘学习能力　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There are two hobbies that she really enjoys, painting (paint) and gardening.
2．The card to be sent to Professor Smith was signed (sign) by the whole class.
3．It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
4．The artist encouraged the boys to be more sensitive to art and more artistic.(art)
5．They are conducting an investigation into children's understanding and appreciation (appreciate) of art.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．We had made arrangements to stop by (顺便拜访) her house in Zhongshan Road.
2．The novel is so interesting that it is worth reading (值得读) a second time.
3．I would appreciate it if (如果……将感激不尽) you could reply at your earliest convenience.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction (拍卖)” run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.
[句式解构]　本句是一个含有两个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是he，谓语动词是stopped by。As 引导非限制性定语从句；过去分词短语“run by the Italian police”作定语修饰“after work auction”； where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词“after work auction”；过去分词短语“found on the trains”作定语修饰 things。
[句意翻译]　正如他经常做的那样，他在意大利警方举办的“下班后拍卖”前停下脚步，在那里，火车上发现的东西被卖给出价最高的竞拍者。
Ⅳ.语法填空
It was just after sunrise 1.on a June morning. As Nicolo often did, he stopped by the “after work auction” where things 2. found (find) on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder battled 3.until Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32.
Nicolo brought the paintings with him 4.hung (hang) them above the same table he had moved from Turin when he retired and went to live in Sicily. His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl 5.sitting (sit) on a garden chair. It was signed “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he researched it, he only found “Bonnard，” 6.a French painter he had never heard of. He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden 7.as his father's painting.
Nicolo's son told his father that it was the garden in their picture. They 8.eventually (eventual) learned that the painting they own 9.was called (call) “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They studied the other painting and learned that it was actually Paul Gauguin's “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 10.originals (origin) and worth as much as ＄50 million.
Ⅴ.主题语境写作
为了给学生提供一个展示自我的平台，你们学校开办了一个校园艺术画廊。你去参观了画廊，感觉收获很多，请就此场景写一篇小短文。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
　
　
　
参考范文：
As there are many students who have a preference for painting in our school, our school set up an art gallery which can provide these students with a very good platform to display their own paintings.Yesterday I happened to have a chance to appreciate the gallery, and I was proud of my schoolmates on seeing their excellent works. So many of them are gifted in art that I do believe the art gallery would be better and better. After the visit, I even became more interested in art, and hoped my works can be displayed in the art gallery one day.
课下主题训练绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①fascinate　　 □　　　 ②traditional　　　　 □
③creative □ ④vivid □
⑤religious □ ⑥feature □
⑦admirable □ ⑧artist □
⑨studio □ ⑩tenderness □
magnificent □ splendid □
architecture □ cement □
designer □ architect □
appreciation □ immense □
shape □ popularity □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
vivid，studio，feature，magnificent，appreciation，immense，splendid， architect， shape， popularity
1．The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me.
2．The popularity of the Internet has brought us into a new era.
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class.
4．The church tower was a prominent feature in the landscape.
5．At that moment, she looked like a pretty butterfly flying on the splendid stage.
6．Each mirror is made to order and can be designed to almost any shape or size.
7．Today's complex buildings require close teamwork between the architects and the builders.
8．She's much happier performing live than in a recording studio.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．She is well known as a fashion designer (design) in the world.
2．He provided inspiration for the work of later artists (art) including Picasso and Monet.
3．A typical picture at this time was full of religious (religion) symbols.
4．When we are in a positive state of mind, our brains become more creative (create), energetic, and effective at work.
5．I've had a lifelong fascination (fascinate) with the sea and with small boats.
6．One in three children now use technology such as iPads or mobile phones instead of the traditional (tradition) pens and paper.
7．Short videos are growing in popularity (popular).
8．She did an admirable (admire) job of holding the audience's attention.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In a world facing increasing conflict and instability, a Chinese Canadian is sending messages of love and peace through his artwork.
William Ho, who arrived in Canada from Hong Kong 42 years ago, teaches Chinese brush painting near Toronto. The United Nations invited Ho to exhibit his art and his masterpiece at its headquarters in New York in 2006, and he then became a UN global partner. Ho has been doing Chinese art and Chinese brush painting for more than 50 years and teaching for over 30. He has more than 3, 000 students from around the world.
“I actually started in Western art when I was younger, working in pencil drawing, oil painting, water color, etc. However, after I met Chinese brush painting a couple of years later, my eyes and mind were enlightened，”Ho recalled. Chinese and Western artists should respect, appreciate and learn from each other. Ho said one of his missions (使命) is to bring Chinese culture “back to” the centre stage of the world, as it had been for thousands of years.
So one of the themes in Ho's speeches delivered at UN Headquarters was “position well China, and position well the world”. Ho said that some countries demand special treatment from the world or the international court in the name of democracy (民主) and freedom.“This mentality is sick, selfish and bad. The people of the world and Mother Nature are saying no to the greedy. In fact, the whole world cannot afford these types of demands. We as a global family wouldn' t allow this to happen.” Ho said. Contrary to greed, Chinese culture believes that “less is more”．
“Chinese culture has been enlightening the world through our art, literature, philosophy, medicine, technologies in astronomy, navigation and four great inventions，” Ho said.
语篇解读：本文介绍了加拿大华裔艺术家何厚铧通过他的艺术作品向世界传递爱与和平。
1．What did Ho wish to do when he learned Chinese art
A．To be UN's partner easier and earlier.
B．To make his artwork more enthusiastic.
C．To regain its leading position in the world.
D．To combine Chinese and Western culture in art.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，何学习中国艺术是为了让中国艺术重新回到世界的艺术中心舞台，回到世界的领先地位。故选C项。
2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A．Democracy and freedom.
B．Some country's special demand.
C．A famous Chinese proverb.
D．Ho's opinion about cultural exchanges.
解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第四段首句和最后一句可知，本段主要是关于何厚铧演讲时说明中西方文化的不同， 表达他关于文化交流的观点。故选D项。
3．What does Ho think of artwork according to the passage
A．A tool for glory and money.
B．The carrier of culture.
C．A way to the world center.
D．A stage for artists.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可以推断，何厚铧认为艺术是文化的载体。故选B项。
4．What's the best title for the passage
A．An Artist Whose Heart Beats for World
B．A Chinese Painting Lover
C．A Pioneer Who Promotes Chinese Culture
D．A Famous UN Global Partner
解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据第一段的内容和第三段第三句可知，文章介绍了加拿大华裔艺术家何厚铧通过他的艺术作品向世界传递爱与和平。他认为中西方艺术家应该互相尊重、互相欣赏、互相学习。故选A项。
B
Every year in May, art galleries and museums prepare shows to honour Leonardo da Vinci, who died in France on May 2, 1519. He is remembered as one of the greatest artists and most creative thinkers of all time. His most famous paintings are Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
Recently, researchers have been studying a painting — Landscape 8P which, they think, is Da Vinci's earliest known artwork. They used special lighting to study the artwork and discovered there were two images (图像), not one. One drawing is on the back of the piece, which dates back to August 5, 1473.
The drawing on the front was painted when Leonardo was 21 years old. It shows a river valley and a castle outside the city of Florence. There is little left of the drawing on the back, perhaps because it was wiped off. Only a bridge over a river can be seen. But there is writing on both sides.
The writing on the front gives the date and goes from right to left. Some people would call this “mirror writing”. It's a way Leonardo often wrote in his notebooks. The writing on the back goes from left to right and tells about an agreement, probably to produce a work of art.
Cecilia Frosinini is an art historian. She said, “By looking at his writing, including from this drawing, we can see his right handed handwriting is educated and well done.”
Experts compared the two handwriting samples (样本) and said they were both made by Leonardo. They show he could write well using his left hand or his right hand.
The drawing is known as Landscape 8P from its number in an art list. It will be part of an exhibit at Italy's Uffizi Gallery. The gallery director, Eike Schmidt, said by studying the drawing researchers gave us a new way of looking at Leonardo's drawing technique and his abilities in writing.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。研究人员最近研究了已知的达·芬奇最早的成名作《风景8P》，发现达·芬奇能够左右手并用。研究人员认为这些发现为我们了解达·芬奇的绘画技巧和书写能力提供了新的方式。
5．Which of the following mentioned in the text has been studied by researchers recently
A．Mona Lisa.　　　　　　 B．Landscape 8P.
C．Mirror writing. D．The Last Supper.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，研究人员近期研究了《风景8P》，他们认为这是达·芬奇最早的成名作。故选B项。
6．What does the writing on the back probably tell about
A．A statement about the painting.
B．An introduction about Leonardo.
C．An agreement to produce a painting.
D．Something about the city of Florence.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，作品的背面写的是一份创作一幅画的协议。故选C项。
7．What can we learn about Leonardo from the researchers' study
A．He could write with either of his hands.
B．He did badly in right handed handwriting.
C．He wasn't good at writing with his left hand.
D．He taught himself to write with right hand.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第六段第二句可知，达·芬奇能用两只手写字。故选A项。
8．What's Eike Schmidt's attitude towards the research
A．Unclear. B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句，可知，艾克·施密特认为研究这些画为我们了解达·芬奇的绘画技巧和书写能力提供了新的方式。由此可推知，艾克·施密特对该研究持积极态度。故选D项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Jane Eyre was published in 1847. It is not just a romance novel, but an educational story. Women can learn so much from this great Victorian heroine. This is not to suggest that Jane doesn't have shortcomings. 1
You can overcome your past, however bad it is. Jane Eyre is made miserable as a child by her horrible relatives. 2 He constantly reminds her that she's an orphan (孤儿). But she learns a lot about letting go when she is sent to a boarding school and makes friends with Helen.
3 Jane notes, “The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth.” If Jane hadn't been brave, she might have returned to the cruel woman who raised her.
Don't be afraid to express your mind. She is not scared to voice her opinions when necessary. It is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger. 4
Be positive. When Jane is younger, she has a tendency to feel sorry for herself. 5 But as she gets older, she learns to be happy despite her past.
A．Her life is miserable.
B．You can decide your life.
C．Her cousin, John, is the worst.
D．Talking helps heal relationships as well.
E．The possibilities for life are endless for those who take risks.
F．Still, there's much to be learned from the way she chooses to live.
G．It is weak and silly to say you can't bear what it is your fate to be required to bear.
语篇解读：《简·爱》不仅仅是一部爱情小说，也是一个具有教育意义的故事。文章介绍了我们可以从中学到的一些东西。
1．选F　根据上文“This is not to suggest that Jane doesn't have shortcomings.”以及下文开始介绍我们可以学到的道理可知，前后为转折关系，故F项“我们仍然可以从她选择的生活方式中学到很多东西”符合语境。F项中的Still意为“仍然”，表转折关系。
2．选C　根据下文“He constantly reminds her that she's an orphan (孤儿)．”可知，本句应出现He所指代的人物。故C项“她的表哥约翰是最差劲的”符合语境。
3．选E　根据下文“Jane notes, ‘The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth.’”可知，对于那些冒险的人来说，生活的可能性是无穷无尽的。故选E项。
4．选D　根据上文“It is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger.”可知，说出自己所想很重要。故D项“谈话也有助于治愈关系”承接上文。故选D项。
5．选A　根据设空处前一句“When Jane is younger, she has a tendency to feel sorry for herself.”可知，A项“她生活悲惨”承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Many people used to consider art to be paintings of fields with flowers, portraits of old fashioned men in top hats, or pictures of bowls of fruit. However, art 1 (change) greatly in the last century. Now, computer game art and graffiti (涂鸦) are accepted as types of art forms, too. There are 2 (exhibition) of these contemporary types of art in famous art galleries. Let's discover some 3 (talent) contemporary artists.
Damien Hirst is an English artist. He became famous after 4 (attend) Goldsmiths University in London, and was very popular in the 1990s. He has used a lot of dead animals in his work, 5 (include) dead sharks, sheep and cows. He is famous for his diamond covered skull, 6 was shown in an art gallery for a limited amount of time.
Marcel Duchamp, a French American painter and sculptor, is considered one of 7 most important artists of the 20th century as he has influenced many artists. He changed 8 was the “normal” idea in the art world. Perhaps his best known piece of work is 9 (simple) a men's urinal (小便池) that he decided to label as art.
William Eggleston is an American photographer who made modern colour photography acceptable as an art form. Before him, black and white photography was much 10 (popular). Eggleston's photographs are very “American”. They contain lots of images of “Coca Cola, No Parking signs and palm trees”．
语篇解读：传统艺术之外还有一些另类艺术：电脑游戏艺术、涂鸦和彩色摄影。本文主要介绍了当代三位著名的此类艺术家。
1．has changed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in the last century”可知用现在完成时，又因为主语art为不可数名词，且与change为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填has changed。
2．exhibitions　考查名词复数。由空前的are可知，设空处应用名词复数，故填exhibitions。
3．talented　考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰名词artists，故填形容词talented。
4．attending　考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词after的宾语，且He(指代Damien Hirst)与attend之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应填attending。
5．including　考查介词。dead sharks, sheep and cows是dead animals中的一部分，故填including。
6．which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词skull，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
7．the　考查冠词。“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋复数名词”表示“最……之一”。
8．what　考查名词性从句。设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语，由“the ‘normal’ idea”可知，此空应填what。
9．simply　考查副词。设空处修饰谓语is，故填副词simply。
10．more popular　考查形容词比较级。由语境及“much”可知，设空处所在句意为“在他之前，黑白摄影更流行”，故填more popular。
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演∥①向听众间候,点明演讲主题
②分析问题,展开论述
稿Na提出解决方法或期待,并表示感谢
巴握主题
Para 1
Para. 2
ara. 3
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演出信息。Unit 2 Poems
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．tick vt.　　　　　　　　　 给……标记号
2．rhyme n. 韵；押韵；押韵的词
vi.& vt. (使)押韵
3．nursery n. 托儿所
4．repetition n. 重复；反复；循环
5．contradictory adj. 引起矛盾的；好反驳的
6．diamond n. 钻石；菱形
7．cottage n. 村舍；小屋
8．sparrow n. 麻雀
9．dread vi.& vt. 害怕；畏惧
10．minimum n. 最低限度；最少量；最小数
11．diploma n. 毕业文凭；学位证书
12．compass n. 指南针；罗盘；(复数)圆规
13．bride n. 新娘
14．bridegroom n. 新郎
15．rhythmic adj. 有节奏的；有规律的
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．convey vt. 传达；运送
2．concrete adj. 具体的
3．flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
4．pattern n. 模式；式样；图案
5．tease vi.& vt. 取笑；招惹；戏弄
6．branch n. 枝条；支流；部门
7．eventually adv. 最后；终于
8．bare adj. 赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的
n. 最基本的要素
9．librarian n. 图书馆馆长；图书馆管理员
10．forever adv. 永远
11．section n. 部分；节；切下的块
12．exchange n. 交换；交流；互换
vt.& vi. 调换；交换
13．sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者
vt. 发起；举办；倡议
14．blank n. 空白
adj. 空白的；茫然的
15．violinist n. 小提琴演奏者
16．load n. 负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．salt n．盐；食盐→salty adj.含盐的；咸的
2．end n．&v.终止；结束→endless adj.无穷的；无止境的→ending n．结尾；结局
3．translate v．翻译→translation n．翻译；译文→translator n．译员；翻译家
4．transform vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换→transformation n．转化；转换；变换；改变
5．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；懊悔→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲痛的
6．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的→appropriately adv.适当地；合适地→appropriateness n．适当；适合
7．champion n．冠军→championship n．冠军称号
8．dark adj.黑暗的→darkness n．黑暗；漆黑
9．warm adj.暖和的；温暖的→warmth n．暖和；温暖
10．scholar n．学者→scholarship n．奖学金；学问；学术成就
[语境活用]
1．His bright clothes were hardly fit for such a solemn occasion while she was dressed appropriately (appropriate)．
2．The water tastes salty. Can we get some salt from it？(salt)
3．Yesterday, I read a story, whose ending is pleasant: The prince killed the monster and saved the princess in the end.(end)
4．It was dark in the room and we couldn't see much at first, but after a few minutes our eyes got used to the darkness.(dark)
5．We have succeeded in transforming the bare hill into a green one, and the transformation surprises every visitor.(transform)
6．In order to bring advanced theories from foreign countries, he decided to be a translator and has translated hundreds of books from English into Chinese so far. His translation of some great works is popular among teachers.(translate)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．convey vt.传达；表达；运送
背词条用法 convey ... (to sb.)　　　(向某人)表达/传递/传达……convey ... to sb. for ... 因……向某人表达……convey ... from A to B 把……从A处运到B处
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am very grateful to my English teacher. No words are strong enough to convey how grateful I am to her.我非常感激我的英语老师。任何语言都无法表达我对她的感激之情。②Can you help me convey these books from the classroom to my office？你能帮我把这些书从教室里运送到我的办公室吗？
2.transform vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换
背词条用法 transform ...into ...　　 使……变成……transform ...(from ...) into ... 把……(从……)变成……
背写作佳句 ①He transformed the area from desert into good field by efforts.通过努力，他把这个地区从沙漠转变成了良田。②He was transformed into a controversial figure, which affected his reputation a great deal.他变成了一个有争议的人物，这对他的声誉影响很大。
3．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
背词条用法 be appropriate to/for　　　　　 适用于；切合It＋be appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的It＋be appropriate that sb. (should) do sth. 某人做某事是合适的
背写作佳句 ①Plain and simple clothes are appropriate for school.朴素的服装适合在学校里穿。②It is often appropriate to use the local dialect to communicate your message.用方言来交流信息往往很合适。③It is not appropriate that a student (should) litter and scribble about.学生乱扔垃圾和乱涂乱画是不合适的。
4．exchange n．交换；交流；互换vt.& vi.调换；交换
背词条用法 (1)in exchange (for ...)　　　 作为交换(……)make an exchange 交换an exchange student 交换生(2)exchange ...for ... 用……交换……exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
背写作佳句 ①I will teach you Chinese in exchange for your teaching me English.我教你汉语，作为交换条件，你教我英语。②I am writing this letter to apply for a position as an exchange student.我写信是为了申请做一名交换生。
5．load n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)v.装载；加载；把(某物)装入(设备)
背词条用法 (1)loads of＝a load of　　　　　 许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑(2)load ... with ... 用……装载……
背写作佳句 ①Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.知道他们已安全到达，我心里轻松了许多。②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Then each of us was loaded with a basket and a pair of scissors, quickly climbed up the ladder and started to pick oranges. 我们每个人都带着一个篮子和一把剪刀，迅速爬上梯子，开始摘橘子。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．make sense　　　　　　　　 讲得通；有意义
2．in particular 尤其；特别
3．be made up of 由……构成
4．take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
5．take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
6．run out of 用完
7．at the bottom of 在……的底部
8．have fun 玩得高兴
9．hold on 别挂断；继续
10．by oneself 独自地；独立地
11．try out 测试；试验；尝试
12．let out 发出；放走；泄露
重点短语拓展用活
1．take it easy (＝take things easy)轻松；不紧张；从容
背相关短语 take it seriously　　　　　认真对待；当真take one's time 别着急；慢慢来take ... for granted 认为……理所当然；想当然
背写作佳句 ①It takes time to adapt to a new environment, so take it easy.适应新环境需要时间，因此，放轻松。②Human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.人类想当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为一个更好的向导。
2．run out of用完；用尽；用光(及物动词短语；主语常常是“人”)
背相关短语 run out　 用完；用光(不及物动词短语；主语常常是“物”)give out 用尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)use up 用完；消耗尽(及物动词短语；主语通常是人)
背写作佳句 ①Saving is very important because natural resources in our world may run out one day.节约是非常重要的，因为世界上的自然资源可能会在某天枯竭。②Some resources, which are non renewable, can't escape the fate of being run out of.有些资源是不可再生的，无法逃脱被耗尽的命运。
3.let out释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)；泄露(消息、秘密等)
背相关短语 let in　　　　　　　允许进入；容许；许可let alone 更不用说；更谈不上let ...down 把……放下来；使……失望
背写作佳句 ①When we watched the national flag raising in the Olympic Games on TV, we let out a cheer. 当我们在电视上看到国旗在奥运会上升起时，我们发出了欢呼声。②I believe I can be a good volunteer and I won't let you down.我相信我可以成为一名优秀的志愿者，我不会让你失望的。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．There are various reasons why people write poetry.(why引导的定语从句)
人们写诗有着各种各样的原因。
佳句① The reason why the man changed his mind hasn't been dug out. 那个人改变主意的原因还没有弄清楚。
佳句② I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
2．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.(with复合结构)
有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们也许最终想自己作诗了。
佳句① With so many people to help us, we are sure to solve the difficult problem.有这么多人帮助我们，我们一定能解决这个难题。
佳句② With the final exam approaching，the students are studying harder.由于期末考试要到了，学生们学习更加努力了。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．The literature book always reflects a country's history, so the students can know about the country's culture in the certain time.
文学书籍总是会反映一个国家的历史，因此学生就能了解这个国家在特定时期的文化。
2．The stories told in the works can act as mirrors and help you adjust your own behaviors.
作品中的故事可以作为镜子，帮助你调整自己的行为。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——演讲稿(一)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，每周你们班的英语课上课前都有一个十分钟的个人演讲活动。你打算在下周的英语课上讨论如何养成良好的生活习惯。请你用英语准备一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．简述现象；
2．如何养成良好的生活习惯；
3．表达感受或期望。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，且不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone! It is my honour to be here to share my opinions with you on how to develop good living habits.　
　
　
Thank you for listening!
[背范文]
Good morning, everyone! It is my honour to be here to share my opinions with you on how to develop good living habits.
It is known to all that good living habits are important to our physical and mental health. However, many of us ignore its importance by eating junk food and staying up late.
To develop good living habits, as far as I am concerned, having a good rest is the foundation. Therefore, we need to sleep and get up early and have a regular daily schedule. Besides, eating healthily also plays an important role. Foods low in fat, salt and sugar are of great benefit to our health, so stay away from junk food. Finally, doing exercise is essential. It brings us good health as well as relaxation and pleasure. Many stresses and negative emotions can be washed away by doing exercise.
Motivation is what gets you to start. And the habit is what keeps you going. May you all have good living habits!
Thank you for listening!
[学亮点]
1．学谋篇布局
2．学亮丽开头
开头先用“Good morning, everyone！”进行问候。然后点明演讲的主题“如何养成良好的生活习惯”。开门见山，简洁明了。
3．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：physical and mental health, as far as I am concerned, have a regular daily schedule, play an important role, be of great benefit, essential, be washed away等，显示了考生娴熟的英语词汇运用技能。
(2)准确运用复杂句式结构，如：it作形式主语It is known to all that good living habits ...；动词不定式作目的状语To develop good living habits；动名词短语作主语having a good rest；表语从句what gets you to start和what keeps you going等，体现了考生扎实的语法功底与高超的语言运用能力。
4．学精彩结尾
结尾用了演讲稿常用的结尾方式：Thank you for listening！简短、精练。
5．学过渡衔接
衔接词however, therefore, besides, so, finally, as well as, and等的恰当运用，使文章更清晰、流畅、连贯。
6．防微点失分
考生容易因忽略主谓一致把“we need to sleep and get up early and have a regular daily schedule”中的have误用为has，或把“Motivation is what gets you to start.”中的to漏掉，从而导致失分。
学案(一)　重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a result of global warming, weather patterns (模式) have changed in recent years.
2．He won a scholarship (奖学金) to California State University by working hard.
3．The witness' statement was contradictory (引起矛盾的) to the one he'd made earlier.
4．Although they're expensive, they last forever (永远) and never go out of style.
5．The gardener cut off many branches (枝条) from the tree.
6．I got in the habit of going around with bare (赤裸的) feet.
7．The exhibition sponsored (举办) by the Society of Culture was a success.
8．A sparrow (麻雀) is a small brown bird that is very common in the United States.
9．He was busy writing thesis, which was the requirement to graduate and gain diploma (文凭)．
10．They sailed across the Caribbean with only a compass (指南针) to guide them.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．(2019·北京高考)Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. 图案
2．He seemed to be in a contradictory mood, saying the opposite of whatever I said.
对立的
3.①Mr Smith works in an executive branch of the government. 部门
②We have over 400 branches nationwide. 分店
③This is one of the branches of the Roosevelt family. 家族分支
④(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The beautiful long branches covered with pink colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 枝条
4.①He had a blank expression on his face. 无表情的
②He looked blank.“I don't quite follow, sir.” 茫然的
③We could put some of the pictures on that blank wall over there. 无装饰的
5．(熟词生义)They are willing to be flexible on a few points. 可变通的
6．(熟词生义)He expressed his sorrow for what he had done. 懊悔
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The house was plunged into total darkness (dark) when the electricity was cut off.
2．The blanket will provide additional warmth (warm) and comfort in bed.
3．Words appear to have many different meanings, and there's no perfect translation (translate)．
4．Do you want a sweet pancake or a salty (salt) one
5.It is a surprise that he has been teased (tease) by his classmates hundreds of times in the past few months.
6.To my sorrow, I did the same work as he did, but got paid much less.
7．What's more, reading brings us not only endless (end) fun but also opportunities.
8．English is one of the branches (branch) of Germanic family of languages.
9．We had many difficulties at first, but eventually (eventual) we succeeded.
10．We should use our schedule flexibly (flexible) to balance our academic and spare time.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)branch 和blank均为一词多义。
①branch n．枝条；支流；部门，分支；分公司；分店；家族分支
②blank n．空白；空虚；空白表格adj.空白的；空虚的；单调的；茫然的；无装饰的；无表情的
(2)在判定句子时态时，时间状语往往是解题的关键词，如Ⅲ题中的第5题，in the past few months是解题关键，应用现在完成时。
(3)to my sorrow “令我伤心的是”，注意用介词to。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．convey
[明其义]
vt.传达；表达；运送
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your help.
②Your luggage will be conveyed from the airport to your hotel.
③They took a more reasonable approach, conveying (convey) to their children how success at school could improve their lives.
(2)选词填空：express, convey
④The message conveyed to us here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”
⑤The beauty of the scene cannot be expressed in words.
[解其困]
convey和express二者都有“表达”的意思，express注重的是表达出来你的意思；convey则是注重传达给他人某种意思。
2．transform
[明其义]
vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换
[通其用]
单句语法填空
①(2018·6月浙江高考)Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm based society into an industrial power.
②The company has been transformed from a family business into a giant.
[解其困]
英语中前缀为“trans ”的单词还有：transplant 移植； translate翻译； transmit传送；传播； transfer 转移；转让； transparent透明的等。
3．appropriate
[明其义]
adj.适当的；正当的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①It is not appropriate to ask (ask) such personal questions in an interview.
②For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately (appropriate) to the user.
③Sports clothes are not appropriate to/for a formal wedding.
(2)补全句子
④As for me, I don't think it is appropriate that parents (should) quit/give up their jobs in order to provide better conditions for their children.
就我而言，我认为父母为了给孩子提供更好的条件而放弃工作是不合适的。
4．exchange
[明其义]
n．交换；交流；互换vt.& vi.调换；交换
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's accommodation.
②We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.
③Could you please help me to exchange this shirt for a bigger one
(2)选词填空(exchange/change)
④I don't know how to communicate with her. Maybe it's because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
⑤Most people hold the belief that education can change one's fate.
[解其困]
exchange和change作动词时，前者强调双方交换，而后者则强调事物的属性或位置的改变。
5．load
[明其义]
n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
v．装载；加载；把(某物)装入(设备)
[通其用]
(1)写出下列各句中load的含义
①His family is really a heavy load on his shoulder. 负担
②The lorry has to stop because its load had fallen off. 负荷物
③It is time to load this truck. 装载
④Can you load the CD into the player, please？ 把(某物)装入(设备)
(2)单句语法填空
⑤It takes a load off my mind to leave the child in your charge.
⑥(2017·北京高考)The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
⑦Child as he is, he knows a load of astronomy.
[解其困]
注意下列词的辨析
load 装载 unload 卸下
pack 把……打包 unpack 打开(包裹等)取出
cover 覆盖；遮蔽 uncover 打开……的盖子
fold 折叠；对折 unfold 打开；张开
学案(二)　词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
try out， let out， hold on， make sense， in particular， take it easy， run out of， be made up of
1.You've been working hard for the past week.You must take it easy and relax over the weekend.
2．Do remember not to let out the news. It's between you and me.
3．This passage just didn't make sense to me, no matter how I read it.
4．Try out the new medicine for a year and we'll see how well it works.
5．I have something important to say. Please hold on for a moment.
6．The whole meal was good and the wine in particular was excellent.
7.They ran out of money and had to abandon the project.
8.About five percent of the US population is made up of American Indians.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)take it easy “轻松；不紧张”，注意不要遗漏代词it。
(2)run out of“用光，用完”，及物动词短语。
(3)make up of 意为“组成；构成”，其被动语态为 be made up of “由……构成”。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．run out of VS run out
比较 She has run out of her money and her patience is also running out.
辨清 (1)run out of “用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人。(2)run out “……用完”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。
2．take it easy VS take one's time
比较 ①Take your time — it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant.②—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.—Take it easy.
辨清 (1)take it easy “放心好了；别着急”，指心理上别紧张，相当于don't be nervous。(2)take one's time “别着急”，指时间上不紧张，相当于don't hurry, there is enough time。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中let out的含义)
①Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy. 发出
②When the bird gets well, we will let it out. 放走
③They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism (生物) on the planet.
释放
④She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press. 泄露
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)why引导的定语从句
[通其用]
补全句子
①There are various reasons why they want to do part time jobs.
他们想做兼职工作有着各种各样的原因。
②The reason why he failed the English exam was that he didn't learn it well.
他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。
[解其困]
(1)reason后常常使用why引导的定语从句，意为“……的原因”。
(2)the reason why ... is that ...“……的原因是……”。
(3)当reason在句中作定语从句的宾语时，先行词用that或which，或者省略关系代词。如：
The reason (that/which) he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before.
(二)with复合结构　
[通其用]
1．单句语法填空
①With a guide to show (show) us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time.
②With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved, we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③With more and more forests damaged (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
2．补全句子
④(2019·北京高考)On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.
一年级的第一天，我站在门口，心里七上八下。
[解其困]
with复合结构：
(1)with＋宾语＋to do (表示将来的动作)
(2)with＋宾语＋doing (表示主动或进行)
(3)with＋宾语＋done (表示被动或完成)
(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
注意：with复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可以作定语，如：The man with a book under his arm is our beloved teacher.
学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2019全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：
小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
精读真题——拓展语言能力　(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
[1]Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present① the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami (折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212 868 4444.)
The Audience
[2]Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring② Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212 239 6200.)
Hamilton
[3]Lin Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews③. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212 967 7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
[4] and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212 719 1300.),
［析微点·厚积语言基础］
①微积累——熟词生义：present
adj.现在的，出席的；到场的
n．礼物 (熟义)
v．上演；公演 (生义)
②微点拨——名词动用：star
n．明星；星星
v．由……主演；由……担任主角
③构词法——前缀pre 表示“先于……，在……前”
preview n．　　 预演 v．预习
precaution n. 预防措施
preschool n. 幼儿园
prehistory n. 史前时期
通句式——句子(1)中who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a Broadway producer。
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意　
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
21．What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about
A．A type of art.　　　　　 B．A teenager's studio.
C．A great teacher. D．A group of animals.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一部戏剧的名称Animals Out of Paper及该部分中的“...an origami (折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio”可知，该戏剧是关于折纸术这门艺术的，故选A。
22．Who is the director of The Audience
A．Helen Mirren. B．Peter Morgan.
C．Dylan Baker. D．Stephen Daldry.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据The Audience部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知，该剧的导演为Stephen Daldry，故选D。
23．Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history
A．Animals Out of Paper.
B．The Audience.
C．Hamilton.
D．On the Twentieth Century.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三部戏剧Hamilton首句“...the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story”可知，《汉密尔顿》是关于美国历史的戏剧，故选C。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中三道题都是简单的直接信息理解题，其答案可以直接在文章中找到，但考生也不可掉以轻心，解答此类问题的关键在于仔细审读题干，找到其关键词，利用此关键词定位到文章中答案之所在。例如第23题，题干关键词为American history，若只看到American，则会发现第三和第四部分都有其出现而左右为难，只有找到真正的关键词American history，才能迅速准确地定位到第三部分，从而得出正确答案为C项。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四部戏剧的简要内容、导演及演出信息。文章虽然介绍的是西方国家的戏剧，但这些优秀的艺术形式也可供我们学习和借鉴。从时代角度来看，我国也出台了支持戏曲传承发展的若干政策，确立了由政府扶持戏曲事业的方针，把戏曲的保护、传承和发展提升到国家和社会发展的战略层面。可见，在当前的新形式下，我们既要学习和借鉴西方国家的优秀文化，又要继承和发扬我国的优秀传统文化。因此，这种以优秀传统文化特别是以戏曲艺术为载体的教育活动意义重大，有助于形成更加丰富和完备的社会文化生态，更有助于增强各阶层人们特别是广大青少年的民族意识和文化自信，这体现了“文化育人”的主旨立意。
借力真题——发掘学习能力　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The new model will be in production (produce) by the end of the year.
2．He had gone to see the preview (view) of a play before it was put on normally.
3．The movie was directed (direct) by Steven Spielberg.
4．No one has yet been chosen for the starring (star) role in the play.
5．She comes from a very artistic (artist) family.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．All the people present at the meeting (出席会议) were moved by his speech.
2．The man who gave us a lecture (给我们做讲座的) is our new professor Mr Green.
3．The famous actress was invited to star in (主演) the movie.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
　Lin Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.
[句式解构]　本句是一个含有一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是Lin Manuel Miranda，谓语动词是wrote。其中in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词musical。
[句意翻译]　林·曼努尔·米兰达写了这一部关于亚历山大·汉密尔顿的音乐剧。在这部音乐剧中，美国的诞生以一个移民故事的形式被呈现。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Chris喜欢中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的光明大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出，并提出观剧后活动建议(如参观戏曲博物馆)。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：越剧 Shaoxing Opera
《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lovers
光明大剧院 Guangming Grand Theater
Dear Chris，
　
　
　
　
　
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Chris，
Knowing that you are fond of Chinese opera, I'm writing to invite you to watch the show Shaoxing Opera Butterfly Lovers to be staged in Guangming Grand Theatre at 2 pm on August 5. After watching the show, we plan to arrange a visit to the nearby opera museums in order to know more about Chinese opera culture and art. I'm sure we'll enjoy them and share their artistic charm together. If you have any suggestions, please contact me as soon as possible.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
课下主题训练小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①inspiration　　　 □　　 ②original　　 □
③lyric □ ④abstract □
⑤translation □ ⑥appreciate □
⑦background □ ⑧myth □
⑨legend □ ⑩scene □
fiction □ production □
description □ masterpiece □
adaptation □ chapter □
publish □ biography □
musical □ character □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
fiction，chapter，abstract，character，legend，scene，masterpiece, publish, biography, background1.His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.
2．This issue will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter.
3．The painting is a masterpiece in the truest sense of the word.
4．She described a nightmarish scene of dead bodies lying in the streets.
5．Nick Manter asked Cath for permission to publish the short story that they wrote together.
6．Her behaviour last night was completely out of character.
7．A biography of someone is an account of their life, written by someone else.
8．The Warners were from a Jewish working class background.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．India's myths and songs are the inspiration (inspire) for her books.
2．These forests were originally (original) cut down in the 19th century.
3．We have a number of musical (music) talents in this school.
4．The prize was given in appreciation (appreciate) of the contribution made by the school under his leadership.
5．He gave a detailed description (describe) of the house.
6．We expect to maintain the production (produce) of cars at the same level as last year.
7．I bought my son an adaptation (adapt) for children of a play by Shakespeare.
8．I think her translation (translate) of the article is much better than his.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down. When the Greeks first started the Olympics, they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.
Now, poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud National Recitation Contest, performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to school wide contests, and then they competed in city and state competitions. Finally, the 50 state champions, along with the District of Columbia champion, came to Washington, D．C., last week for the ultimate showdown. After the 51 champions competed against one another, 12 went on to the finals. Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem. The overall champ, Jackson Hille, a high school senior from Ohio, won a $20,000 scholarship.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on a page.
It's not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It's the tone of voice, the pauses, the gestures, and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life. “Each time we hear somebody recite a poem, we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it，” says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon, master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listener.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience, memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public speaking skills that can help them for life.
语篇解读：诗歌仅仅在书上阅读是远远不够的，通过朗诵和聆听，同一首诗歌会给人带来全新的感受。
1．From the first paragraph, we can know .
A．the Greeks were the first to write pomes
B．the Olympics used to start with poem reciting
C．poems were spread orally in the past
D．athletes were asked to recite poems before competing
解析：选C　推理判断题。从第一段中的第一句可知，在很早以前诗歌只是口头朗诵的，故可知当时诗歌的传播方式为口头传授，故选C。
2．How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington, D. C．？
A．Three.　　　　　　　　 B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
解析：选B　细节理解题。从第三段的介绍中可知，参赛者经过在班里、在学校，然后在市里和州里的比赛后，才来到华盛顿进行比赛。故B项正确。
3．According to the passage, hearing a poem recited by different people can .
A．bring a new life to listeners
B．help listeners find their interest
C．make listeners learn the words
D．offer something new to listeners
解析：选D　细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的叙述中可知，朗诵诗歌可以给听者带来新的感受。故选D。
4．One benefit the participants get from poem recitation competitions is that they can .
A．become skilled in speaking in public
B．write good poems themselves
C．change their attitudes towards life
D．make friends with many great poets
解析：选A　细节理解题。从文章最后一句话可知，参赛者通过参加诗词背诵比赛可以学会在公共场合说话的技巧。故A项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was twelve, I suddenly developed a strong feeling for writing poetry. I gave up all my other hobbies, such as 1 stamps, and spent all my 2 time reading poetry and writing it. The 3 of writing poetry on every possible occasion (机会) soon 4 me into trouble at school. If a lesson did not 5 me, I would take out my notebook and start writing poems in class. Of course I did this very 6 ， but it was not long before I got 7 .
One day while I was busy writing a poem 8 a lesson, I looked up to find the teacher standing 9 me in 10 because I was not 11 attention. He tore the poem up, with a 12 not to waste time in his lesson. 13 ， I was sure that I had written a good poem, 14 that evening I wrote it out from memory again. Soon after, I 15 about a poetry competition. I decided to send in my poem. Weeks later, long 16 I had given up hope, I got a letter informing me that I had won first 17 . Everyone at school 18 me for it except the geography teacher. He 19 me more carefully than ever, even if he was quite 20 that I was not going to write poetry in his lessons!
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文。作者对写诗很痴迷，在地理课上偷偷写诗被老师发现并受到警告，后来作者在诗歌大赛中获得了一等奖。但地理老师对他却看得更紧了。
1．A．keeping　　　　　　　　 B．collecting
C．gathering D．getting
解析：选B　collect stamps“集邮”，为固定搭配。
2．A．other B．rest
C．spare D．more
解析：选C　花费所有的空闲时间来读诗和写诗。spare time“空闲时间”。
3．A．habit B．kind
C．means D．type
解析：选A　抓住任何机会写诗的习惯让“我”在学校很快陷入了麻烦。由上下文可知，作者对诗歌已达到痴迷的程度，写诗已变成了习惯，故选habit。
4．A．came B．entered
C．arrived D．got
解析：选D　get sb. into trouble“使某人陷入麻烦之中”。
5．A．interest B．surprise
C．understand D．develop
解析：选A　如果“我”对某节课不感兴趣，“我”就在课堂上拿出笔记本开始写诗。sth. interest(s) sb.“某事物使某人感兴趣”，interest此处为及物动词。
6．A．silently B．carelessly
C．carefully D．quickly
解析：选C　在课堂上写诗当然要小心，故选carefully。silently“无声地，悄声地”，不符合语境。
7．A．held B．caught
C．taken D．improved
解析：选B　尽管十分小心，但不久之后“我”还是被发现了。get caught“被(当场)发现”。
8．A．before B．after
C．on D．during
解析：选D　during a lesson“在上课期间”；during“在……期间”。
9．A．over B．before
C．below D．after
解析：选B　“我”抬起头发现老师正生气地站在“我”面前。stand before sb.“站在某人面前”，此处before表示位置。
10．A．pride B．anger
C．care D．satisfaction
解析：选B　in anger“生气地”。学生上课不认真听讲却偷偷写诗，老师当然会“生气”。
11．A．calling B．making
C．noticing D．paying
解析：选D　因为“我”没有集中注意力听讲。pay attention“注意”。
12．A．warning B．smiling
C．suggestion D．demand
解析：选A　他撕了那首诗并警告“我”说，不要在他的课上浪费时间。warning“警告”；smiling“微笑”；suggestion“建议”；demand“要求”。
13．A．As usual B．In other words
C．By the way D．All the same
解析：选D　“我”仍然相信自己写了一首好诗，所以那天晚上“我”凭记忆又把那首诗写了出来。all the same“仍然；照样”，符合语境。as usual“像往常那样”；in other words“换句话说”；by the way“顺便说一下”。
14．A．however B．so
C．thus D．even
解析：选B　上半句表示原因，下半句表示结果，故选连词so。thus不能作连词。
15．A．read B．got
C．noticed D．looked
解析：选A　不久以后，“我”读到了有关诗歌比赛的消息。read about“读到有关……”。
16．A．before B．after
C．ago D．until
解析：选B　几周后，也就是放弃希望后很久，“我”收到了一封信，通知“我”得了一等奖。
17．A．position B．reward
C．victory D．prize
解析：选D　first prize“一等奖”。
18．A．praised B．thanked
C．surprised D．puzzled
解析：选A　除了地理老师以外，全校的人都为此表扬“我”。praise sb. for sth.“为……而表扬/赞扬某人”。
19．A．saw B．watched
C．looked at D．cared about
解析：选B　地理老师监视“我”比以前更上心了。watch在此处意为“注意；监视”。
20．A．afraid B．angry
C．sure D．sorry
解析：选C　此处是指尽管他很确信“我”以后不会在他的课上写诗了。be sure that ...“确信……”。
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25(共75张PPT)
把握主题
Para. 1
Paras. 2-4
Para.5
Para. 6
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了图书馆在作者人
生的不同阶段带给她的快乐和意义。作者从小热
引出话题
讲述经历:作者回忆作者的感悟:如表明观点:作者爱读书,与图书馆结下了不解之缘,16岁时又去
作者热爱图在图书馆的一些经历今,看着孩子们呼吁读者和所有图书馆工作,长大为人母后又把这种对读书的爱
书馆,孩提以及和孩子一起去图去图书馆,作者作家一起支持并传给自己的孩子。作为一名小说家,作者鼓励读
时热衷读书。书馆的经历
倍感欣慰
维护图书馆
者和所有作家一起支持图书馆。Unit 3 A healthy life
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．cigarette n．　　　　　　　 香烟；纸烟
2．obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
3．adolescent n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
4．adolescence n. 青春期
5．bad tempered adj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
6．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
7．resolve n. 决心；决定
8．packet n. 小包；小盒
9．comprehension n. 理解(力)
10．etc (et cetera) adv. 诸如此类的事物；等等
11．appendix n. 附录；附件
12．illegal adj. 不合法的；违法的
13．fluid n. 液体；流体
14．needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
15．abortion n. 流产；中途失败
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．abuse n．& vt. 滥用；虐待
2．ban vt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
3．due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
4．tough adj. 困难的；强硬的
5．withdrawal n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
6．quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开
7．effect n. 结果；效力
8．lung n. 肺
9．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
10．male adj. 男性的；雄性的
n. 男人；雄性动(植)物
11．female adj. 女性的；雌性的
n. 雌性的动(植)物；女人
12．prejudice n. 偏见；成见
13．judgement n. 看法；判决；判断
14．embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
15．awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．stress n．压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
2．addict vt.使上瘾 n．有瘾的人→addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addiction n．上瘾；沉溺；嗜好
3．breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breathe v．呼吸
4．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
5．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
6．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上
7．fit adj.健康的；合适的→unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的→fitness n．健康
8．strength n．力气；力量；强项→strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强
9．disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
10．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n．羞耻；羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的
11．relax v．使放松→relaxation n．放松；松弛→relaxed adj.轻松的→relaxing adj.令人放松的
12．weak adj.虚弱的→weaken vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱 vt.(使)变弱→weakness n．弱点
13．rob v．抢劫；抢夺→robbery n．抢劫；盗窃→robber n．抢劫犯
14．survive v．幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
15．desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的→desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地
[语境活用]
1．We all agreed on an idea to strengthen (strength) the cooperation between our two parties.
2．The man had so little education that he was unfit (fit) for this job.
3．Tom's parents are worried that he is addicted to the computer games which are addictive to children.(addict)
4．You take my breath away and you leave me breathless.(breath)
5．The man in the river desperately tried to reach the bank. The situation was desperate but not hopeless.(desperate)
6．After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired. They complained that few could work efficiently under stress.(stress)
7．You should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors or you will be a shameless man.(shame)
8．After hearing some relaxing music, she relaxed quite a bit, and there was relaxed expression on her face.(relax)
9．As we all know, everyone has both strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, we shouldn't look down upon whoever looks weak.(weak)
10．To his disappointment, he didn't enter the final, which was disappointing. But he was not disappointed and said he would not lose heart. He believed that he wouldn't disappoint his fans. (disappoint)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．stress n．压力；重音；强调；重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读
背词条用法 (1)under stress　　　　　　　 在压力之下lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物的重要性(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
背写作佳句 ①Everyone should learn to relax oneself under stress.每个人都应学会在压力下放松自己。②The government should stress the importance of environmental protection.政府应该强调环境保护的重要性。
2．due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的；应付的；应有的；应得的
背词条用法 (1)due to　　　　　　　　由于；因为；归因于(2)be due to do sth. 预计做某事be due to sb. 应付给/给予某人be due for sth. 应用某物；应得到某物
背写作佳句 ①His new book is due to be published next year.他的新书预计明年出版。②Acknowledgement is due to all who have lent a helping hand.应向所有给予帮助的人致谢。
3．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
背词条用法
背写作佳句 ①Being addicted to computer games can be harmful to you in many aspects.沉溺于电脑游戏在很多方面对你有害。②(2020·天津5月高考书面表达)I am also addicted to watching some interesting English films on the Internet, which helps to improve my listening and speaking skills.我也喜欢在网上看一些有趣的英语电影，这有助于提高我的听说能力。
4．accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
背词条用法 (2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
背写作佳句 ①What's more, the basic skills can help us get accustomed to the changes in modern life.而且，基本技能能够帮助我们习惯现代生活的变化。②He quickly got accustomed/accustomed himself to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。
5．effect n．结果；效力；影响
背词条用法 side effect　　　　　　　　副作用come into/take effect 生效；见效have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响bring/put ... into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
背写作佳句 ①(2020·江苏高考)Humor has a positive psychological effect when we are in difficulties.当我们遇到困难时，幽默有积极的心理作用。②The new law shall come into effect from May.这条新法律将从五月份起生效。③It was nearly an hour before the sleeping pill took effect.将近一个小时，安眠药才起作用。
6．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
背词条用法 (1)be/feel ashamed of ...　　对……感到惭愧/羞耻be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事(2)It's a shame that ... 真遗憾……
背写作佳句 ①Some people should be ashamed of themselves for destroying the environment.一些人应该为破坏环境而感到羞耻。②I am ashamed to admit that I've never read any of his books.我不好意思承认我从来没有读过他的书。③It's a shame that I should have made such a stupid mistake.真遗憾，我竟然犯了这样愚蠢的错误。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．due to　　　　　　　　　　　　 由于……
2．addicted to 对……有瘾
3．accustomed to 习惯于……
4．decide on 对……作出决定
5．feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
6．over and over again 再三地；反复地
7．make up one's mind 下定决心
8．instead of 代替；而不是
9．in spite of 不顾；不管；尽管
10．take risks (a risk) 冒险
11．get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
12．at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
重点短语拓展用活
1．take risks (a risk)冒险
背相关短语 (1)at risk　　　　　　　　 遭受危险；处境危险at the risk of ... 冒着……的危险run the risk (of doing sth.) 冒着(做某事的)危险(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事；冒……的危险risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事
背写作佳句 ①We have the courage to meet challenges and take risks in our life, which helps to realize our dreams.在生活中，我们有勇气迎接挑战、敢于冒险，这有助于实现我们的梦想。②He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为工作面试做好了充分的准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
2．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
背相关短语 get into the habit of　　 养成……的习惯get across (to sb.) (使)通过；(使)被理解； (把……)讲清楚get away 逃脱；离开get over 爬过；越过；克服(困难)；痊愈get through 熬过(困难时期)；通过；接通电话get on/along (well) with 进展(顺利)；与……相处(得好)get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事
背写作佳句 ①Since I entered senior high school, I have got into the habit of reading more.自从我进入高中，我已经养成了多读的习惯。②We must get over our shortcomings and mistakes in our work. 我们必须克服工作上的缺点和错误。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.(“do＋动词原形”的强调结构)
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你能像我一样活得健康长寿。
佳句① The little boy does grow crazy about everything to do with nature.这个小男孩确实对与自然有关的一切着迷。
佳句② The old man did go through much suffering in the war.战争期间，这位老人确实经受了许多磨难。
2．“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构
佳句① The young man is as successful a businessman as his father.那个年轻人和他父亲一样是位成功的商人。
佳句② (2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Playing table tennis is as popular an activity as playing football in our campus. 在我们校园里，打乒乓球和踢足球一样受欢迎。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．A balanced diet and regular exercise can help us keep healthy both physically and mentally.
均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼能帮助我们保持身心健康。
2．A lot of students spend much time on study.Therefore, they have no time for rest and sports, which really affects their health.
很多学生在学习上花很多时间，因此没有时间休息和运动，这的确影响他们的健康。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——演讲稿(二)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，是一名高中生。最近，你将参加市中学生英语演讲比赛。请围绕“Positive Attitude”写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．积极的人生态度的重要性；
2．如何培养积极的人生态度。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Hello, everyone! It is my turn to make a speech here. I'd like to stress the importance of having a positive attitude.
Personally, our attitudes towards life determine how happy we are. We can't always change what happens to us, but we can change the way we look at things. If we have a positive attitude, we can overcome the difficulty and get ready for greater challenges. What should we do to develop a positive attitude
First, focus on the bright side of things instead of complaining about the negative side. Second, be grateful. No matter how difficult our situation seems, there is always something to be grateful for. Besides, making friends with positive people, watching positive shows, listening to positive music, and reading positive books are all good ways to develop a positive attitude.
With a positive attitude, we can live a happy life.
That's all. Thank you.
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：stress the importance of, personally, overcome the difficulty, focus on等，提高了作文的词汇丰富性。
(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：省略that的定语从句we look at things；“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句No matter how difficult our situation seems；动名词短语作主语making friends with positive people ...and reading positive books等，为作文增色不少，也彰显了考生的语言功底。
2．学过渡衔接
衔接词personally, but, first, second, besides等的恰当运用，使得上下文过渡自然，行文连贯，逻辑清晰，结构严谨。
3．防微点失分
考生容易把“Personally, our attitudes towards life determine how happy we are.”中的we are误用为are we，或把“No matter how difficult our situation seems ...”中的seems误用为seem，从而导致失分。
学案(一)　重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The most awkward (难堪的) email mistake is usually committed in anger.
2.According to the law, drivers who are drunk are banned (禁止) from driving.
3.This warm weather is abnormal (不正常的) for February.
4．What do you think makes his plan abortion (中途失败)
5．This is a hospital for those people who suffer mental (精神的) diseases.
6.This activity helps strengthen (加强) memory and build trust.
7．The needle (针) pierced her finger while she was doing some sewing.
8．It was a very tough (艰难的) decision but we feel we made the right one.
9．I lit a cigar (雪茄烟) to calm my nerves.
10．A judge must be free from prejudice (偏见), so he can make a judgement about a case correctly.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．(2020·浙江1月高考)Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence. 青春期的
2．(2020·浙江7月高考)In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads ... 自动的
3．(2019·北京高考)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.削弱
4．He quit his job as an office boy in Athens. 放弃；辞去
5．(熟词生义)He was a tough mountaineer with determination and ambition. 坚韧不拔的
6．(熟词生义)To give Linda her due, she tried very hard. 应得之物
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He was a boy who desperately (desperate) needed affection.
2.They announced the withdrawal (withdraw) of 12,000 troops from the area.
3．It's reported that passengers are banned from eating and drinking on subway trains.
4．The government has drawn up guidelines on the treatment of the mentally (mental) ill.
5．Paying a fee doesn't automatically (automatic) qualify you for membership.
6．Don't let your judgement (judge) be coloured by personal feelings.
7．It has taken a lot of courage to overcome my embarrassment (embarrass) and return here to apologise.
8．Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher (tough)．
9.A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival (survive)．
10．She was disappointed at the disappointing result.(disappoint)
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)ban sb./sth. from doing sth. 禁止某人/某物做某事
(2)abnormal “不正常的”，注意其拼写形式。
(3)strengthen为 en后缀动词，其他常用单词还有：
shorten 缩短；deepen 加深；widen 加宽；broaden 加宽；lighten 减轻
(4)withdraw和survive的名词形式，都是后面加 al。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．stress
[明其义]
n．压力；重音；强调；重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be bad tempered and get angry easily.
②It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society.
③Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
(2)一句多译
(2019·北京高考书面表达)他强调了用我们自己的双手工作的重要性。
④He stressed the importance of working with our own hands.(stress v．)
⑤He laid/put stress on working with our own hands. (stress n．)
2．due
[明其义]
adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的；应付的；应有的；应得的
[通其用]
(1)写出下列各句中due的含义
①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow. 应得的
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week. 预定的
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.
到期的
④When it comes to giving due respect to the old people, she feels a bit uneasy. 应有的
(2)单句语法填空
⑤A great deal of money is due to you; please give me your bank account.
⑥It is said that the spaceship is due to arrive (arrive) three days later.
(3)补全句子
⑦The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.
由于全球变暖，那里的冰川融化，这对农业来说是个巨大的威胁。
[解其困]
表示“由于；因为”的其他短语：on account of; because of; as a result of等。
3．addicted
[明其义]
adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
[通其用]
单句语法填空
①Many kids are addicted to playing (play) computer games, so they have lost interest in study.
②If you addict yourself (you) to your study, you can achieve your goal.
③I discovered an addiction (addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
[解其困]
“addict; addicted; addiction”等在表示“沉迷于/热衷于……”时，都和介词to连用。
4．accustomed
[明其义]
adj.惯常的；习惯了的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
②Accustoming himself to living (live) in the countryside, Mr King found it hard to live in the city.
(2)翻译句子
③我习惯了早起床进行锻炼。
I am accustomed to getting up early for exercise.
[解其困]
含有介词to的其他常用动词短语：
①devote oneself to　　　　　 献身于；致力于
②get down to 开始认真做
③give way to 对……让步
④lead to 导致；通向
⑤object to 反对
⑥stick to 坚持
5．effect
[明其义]
n．结果；效力；影响
[通其用]
单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However, the majority of people are effective (effect) speakers because they train to be.
②The effective (effect) way to kill the pest has a disastrous effect on the environment, affecting (affect) the balance of nature.
③It won't be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
④The agreement signed between the two companies last week will come into effect soon.
⑤(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively (effect)．
6．ashamed
[明其义]
adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures.
②It is shameful (shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
(2)补全句子
③It's a shame that you can't stay with us.
你不能留下来和我们在一起太遗憾了。
(3)一句多译
在课堂上，学生们不应该羞于问老师问题。
④In class, students should not be ashamed of asking the teacher questions.
⑤In class, students should not be ashamed to ask the teacher questions.
学案(二)　词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
get into， be addicted to， due to， be accustomed to， feel like， in spite of， decide on， at risk， due to
1.If you take the risk of drunk driving, you are at risk.
2．In spite of the fact that he was not a trained economist, his achievements were remarkable.
3．I am accustomed to taking an hour's walk before breakfast.
4.Tom feels like being a cook because he thinks cooking delicious food for others is interesting and happy.
5．Generally speaking, boys are addicted to playing computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
6．Mr Bean constantly gets into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless of their nationalities and culture.
7.—How do you find Qingdao, Mary
—It's a beautiful seaside city. I have decided on it for my next holiday.
8．Due to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)at risk“处境危险”；in danger“处在危险中”。
(2)feel like后跟动名词作宾语，而would like后跟动词不定式作宾语。
(3)decide on＋名词，意为“对……作出决定”，on是介词。
Ⅱ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中feel like的含义)
①I feel like trying out this new approach to solve the problem. 想要
②I feel like catching a cold. 感到像
③It feels like a snake. 摸上去像
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)“do＋动词原形”的强调结构
[通其用]
补全句子
①The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does catch a cold.
这个婴儿的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔确实会患感冒。
②—I'm sorry. I shouldn't have been rude to you.
—You did lose your temper but that's all right.
——很抱歉，我不该对你粗鲁的。
——你确实发脾气了，但没关系。
[解其困]
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下两个条件：
(1)句子是肯定句；
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
(二)“as＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构
[通其用]
补全句子
①Our neighbour has as big a garden as ours.
我们的邻居有一个和我们的一样大的花园。
②You've made as many mistakes as I have.
你和我犯了一样多的错误。
③I can carry as much paper as you can.
我能和你搬一样多的纸。
④In many sports, physical fitness is not as/so important as technique.
在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。
[解其困]
as的常见结构：
(1)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...
(2)as many＋复数名词＋as ...
(3)as much＋不可数名词＋as ...
(4)as＋adj./adv.＋as ＋sb./sth.
注意：否定句中“as ...as ...”结构中第一个as也可换成so。
学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度
精读真题——拓展语言能力　(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out① adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
[2]My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
[3]As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
[4]I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond② with my children and it filled them with the wonderment③ of books.
[5]Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
[6]As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven (避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy (盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent④ them and talk about them when you can.,
①微积累——动词＋out短语
live out　　 实践；身体力行
check out (从图书馆等)借出；核实
pick out 挑出；选出；辨别出
通句式——句子(1)为主从复合句。其中it作形式主语，不定式“to load up and go to the local library”作真正的主语；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the local library；短语a great deal意为“重要的事”。
②微点拨——名词动用：bond
n．关系；联系；纽带
v．增强(与某人的)信任关系
③构词法——wonder派生词
wonder v．想知道；感到惊讶
n．惊讶；惊奇
wonderment n．惊奇，惊喜
wonderful adj.极好的；绝妙的
④微点拨——形容词动用：frequent
adj. 频繁的
v. 常去，常到
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意　
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
32．Which word best describes the author's relationship with books as a child
A．Cooperative.　　　　　　 B．Uneasy.
C．Inseparable. D．Casual.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child ... through the books”可知，小时候，作者与书是形影不离的。inseparable“不可分离的”，故选C。
33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Pleasure from working in the library.
B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D．A closer bond developed with the readers.
解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词组前的“As I grew older ... the library took on a new place”及下文的“I had several children ... to read to them.”可知，在作者成为妈妈后，图书馆在她心里有了新的“地位”，作者的孩子也爱上了读书，书成了她和孩子们互动娱乐的源泉。对他们来说，去图书馆读书是件令人激动的事情。故an added meaning应是指“在作者家中传递的读书的乐趣”。故选B。
34．What does the author call on other writers to do
A．Sponsor book fairs.
B．Write for social media.
C．Support libraries.
D．Purchase her novels.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can”可知，作者呼吁其他作家以一种有意义的方式支持图书馆。故选C。
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B．My Idea about Writing
C．Library: A Haven for the Young
D．My Love of the Library
解析：选D　标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，“library”是本文的线索，全文都是围绕作者对图书馆的热爱展开的。作者从小爱去图书馆，然后在图书馆工作，后来带孩子去图书馆，最后号召大家支持图书馆。故D项符合题意。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第35题主要考查学生的概括性思维。纵观本文，作者写的是图书馆在她人生的不同阶段带给她的快乐和意义，由第一段的孩提时代到第二段的青少年时期，再到第三、四、五段为人母、祖母时期，都有图书馆的相伴，她在图书馆看书获得了无尽的快乐，而这种快乐也在她的家族中代代传承，也正是因为对于图书馆的喜爱，使得作者在文章最后发出支持图书馆的号召。所以，整篇文章都贯穿着作者对图书馆的喜爱。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小热爱读书，与图书馆结下了不解之缘，16岁时又去图书馆工作，长大为人母后又把这种对读书的爱传给自己的孩子。作为一名小说家，她鼓励自己的读者去图书馆，因为她看到了图书馆的特殊意义。文章旨在宣传书和图书馆的魅力，号召大家支持图书馆，多读书，引导学生认识自我，完善自我，重视阅读，热爱阅读，通过读书培养终身学习的意识，并通过读书来改变人生。
借力真题——发掘学习能力　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Actually, she never lost her enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for teaching.
2．He is a wonderful (wonder) companion and we can talk for hours on end.
3．The news caused great excitement (excite) among her friends.
4．Music and lighting are used to encourage shoppers to buy (buy) more.
5．Buses run frequently (frequent) between the city and the airport.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．It is of great importance/very important (……是很重要的) for us students to form a good reading habit.
2．No other organization was able or willing to take on the job (承担这项工作)．
3．I felt the pressure on me, winning was such a big deal (重要的事) for the whole family.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
　Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
[句式解构]　本句是由and连接的两个并列句。第一分句的主语是Stories，谓语动词是were like。第二个分句是主从复合句，谓语动词是 lived out；其中while引导时间状语从句；在主句中， I checked out from the library是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the books。
[句意翻译]　故事对我来说就像空气一样，当其他孩子打球或参加聚会时，我通过从图书馆借来的书来体验冒险。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
阅读在我们的学习和生活中起着非常重要的作用，请你写一篇小短文来介绍阅读的好处。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
　
　
　
参考范文：
Some people say that money is the best thing in the world. But I consider reading as the best and the most precious thing one can ever have.
Reading is very important. First of all, it is knowledge that makes society develop and you can get all kinds of knowledge by reading books. Furthermore, reading makes you a qualified person and makes your life enjoyable.
One is never too old to learn. No matter what time you realize the importance of reading, you can enjoy it during the rest of your life time. Love books, for they are your best friends.
课下主题训练健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①persistent　　　 □　　　 ②prescription　　 □
③symptom □ ④efficiently □
⑤individual □ ⑥sickness □
⑦stroke □ ⑧depression □
⑨disabled □ ⑩dizziness □
ward □ virus □
healthy □ poisonous □
treatment □ blind □
infectious □ fatten □
evidence □ expand □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
persistent，individual，expand，symptom，prescription，blind，virus， ward， stroke， evidence
1．I owned a bookshop and desired to expand the business.
2．His cough grew more persistent until it never stopped.
3．It is know that fever is a symptom of many illnesses.
4．People who are overweight run a risk of a heart attack or stroke.
5．Someone who is blind is unable to see because their eyes are damaged.
6．The test could be used to screen healthy people to see if they are carrying the virus.
7．A ward is a room in a hospital which has beds for many people who need medical treatment.
8．With so much evidence against him he had to acknowledge his error.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Infectious (infect) diseases are spreading among many of the flood victims.
2．For ten years, he was weak from a long sickness (sick)．
3．She read about seasonal affective disorder, a form of depression (depress) that occurs in fall and winter.
4．There are hundreds of poisonous (poison) spiders and snakes in this area.
5．She says most families start fattening (fatten) their girls at age nine or ten.
6．Most of us need to lead more balanced lives to be healthy (health) and happy.
7．A sudden dizziness (dizzy) overpowered him when he was working.
8．As we all know, the only disability (disable) in life is a bad attitude.
9．Several police officers received medical treatment (treat) for cuts and bruises.
10．They seemed able to work together very efficiently (efficient)．
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
You've probably heard it suggested that you need to move more throughout the day, and as a general rule of thumb, that “more” is often defined (给……下定义) as around 10,000 steps. With many Americans tracking their steps via new fitness tracking wearables, or even just by carrying their phone, more and more people use the 10,000 step rule as their marker for healthy living. Dr. Greg Hager, professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at that 10,000 step rule, and he found that using it as a standard may be doing more harm than good for many.
“It turns out that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average Japanese man, when he walked 10,000 steps a day burned something like 3,000 calories and that is what they thought the average person should consume so they picked 10,000 steps as a number，” Hager said.
According to Hager, asking everyone to shoot for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions that make it unwise for them to jump into that level of exercise, even if it's walking. The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others. He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10,000 step goal because they have to take more steps than people with longer legs to cover the distance. It seems that 10,000 steps may be suitable for the latter.
A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can help maintain good health and promote longevity (长寿). The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72. Researchers found that women who took 4,400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die during a follow up period of just over four years, compared to women who took 2,700 steps. Interestingly, women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra boost in longevity.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很多人都认为一天一万步有益于身体健康。科学家经过研究发现其因人而异。
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The phone recording.
B．The 10,000 step rule.
C．The healthy living.
D．The fitness tracking method.
解析：选B　代词指代题。根据第一段中的“Dr. Greg Hager, professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at that 10,000 step rule”可知，他发现将每日一万步作为一种标准可能对许多人来说弊大于利，故答案为B。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．How many steps a Japanese walks a day.
B．How we calculate the amount of steps.
C．If burning 3,000 calories daily is scientific.
D．Where 10,000 steps a day came from.
解析：选D　段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了每日一万步这一流行健康标准的起源，故答案为D。
3．Who will probably benefit from 10,000 steps each day according to Hager
A．Senior citizens.
B．Young short legged people.
C．Healthy long legged people.
D．Weak individuals.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，将一万步作为每天的标准对老年人和患病的人来说运动量过高，可能对他们有害；且同样的距离内，腿短的人比腿长的人更容易达到一万步的目标，所以相对而言，一万步目标对健康的、腿长的人来说是比较合理的。故选C。
4．How many steps may the researchers suggest senior citizens take each day
A．4,400 steps.　　　　　　　 B．10,000 steps.
C．2,700 steps. D．7,500 steps.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Researchers found that women who took 4,400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die”可推断，研究人员可能建议老年人为了健康每天走4 400步，故答案为A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A healthy lifestyle is related 1 physical and mental fitness. Do you think it is time to make changes to live 2 healthier life Nowadays many people say they just don't get much time to look after 3 (they) health. However, it is what you do and eat every day that guarantees you a healthy body. So make some little changes in your schedule to improve your lifestyle. It's never too late.
These are some suggestions 4 (give) by health experts which can help you achieve your goal. First of all, add healthy food items to your diet. For example, eating green vegetables and fruits 5 (be) a must because they contain lots of vitamins and minerals 6 are necessary to your body. Do remember to exercise 7 (regular) because it will burn extra fats in your body and help you gain control of your 8 (weigh). If you can't exercise every day, at least go for a walk every day. Sleep at least eight hours every day 9 (make) you feel fresh and energetic. In addition, many people do some activities every day, 10 (say) this helps them develop their mind. There are many things you can do to keep healthy, but exercising will always be at the top.
语篇解读：健康的生活方式和身体健康、精神健康紧密相关；一些小改变就可以改善你的生活方式。文章给出了一些改善生活方式的建议。
1．to　be related to是固定搭配，意为“和……有联系”。
2．a　live a healthier life意为“过一种更健康的生活”。live a ... life为固定表达。
3．their　此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰health，故填their。
4．given　分析句子结构可知，设空处作suggestions的后置定语，give与其逻辑主语suggestions之间是被动关系，故用过去分词given。
5．is　动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，本文时态为一般现在时，故填is。
6．that/which　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为lots of vitamins and minerals，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
7．regularly　修饰动词exercise要用副词regularly。
8．weight　设空处作介词of的宾语，且空前有形容词性物主代词修饰，应填名词，故填weight，意为“体重”。
9．to make　分析句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词，作目的状语，故填动词不定式to make。
10．saying　句子主干为many people do some activities every day，设空处应填非谓语动词，say和其逻辑主语many people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
Ⅲ.短文改错
It is good to see that more people have realized the important of exercising and are playing sports regularly. But the problem is that there is not enough sports facilities to meet the people growing demand. I love playing the basketball with my friends on weekends. Therefore, it is difficult to rent a basketball field and possible to find a free one. And the charge is high. Weather permitted, we can play outdoors. But in winter or on rainy days, we have to turn indoor courts. I hope the government can solve the problem, that will encourage more people to do sports.
答案：
第一句：important→importance
第二句：第二个is→are; people→people's
第三句：去掉the
第四句：Therefore→However; possible→impossible
第六句：permitted→permitting
第七句：or→and; turn后加to
第八句：that→which
Ⅳ.书面表达
假定你是李华，受学校师生委托，在校报“英语天地”专栏发表一封书信，向广大奋战在抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎一线的医护人员表示感激，内容要点包括：
1．表示感谢；　2.介绍事迹；　3.个人感受。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：流行病epidemic；新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID 19
　
　
　
　
　
参考范文：
Dear medical workers，
I am Li Hua, a middle school student. On behalf of my school, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you all for your devotion in the battle against COVID 19.
Once it broke out, you hurried to the front line selflessly. It was you who bravely rescued those infected regardless of the potential risk of infection. What's more, you made us build up confidence to defeat the epidemic. I just can't help thinking of what you all have done and nothing will be able to erase our memories.
Words fail me when I want to express my thanks. However, I will work hard so that I can make contributions to society one day just like you all. May you be blessed in everything you do.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
PAGE
24(共76张PPT)
①发出倡议的背景和目的
议②倡议的具体内容及所倡议事情的意义
书Na)表明倡议者的决心和希望
把握主题
Para1:开端
Para.2:发展
→Para.3:高潮
Para.4:结局
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了
Moa在16岁时发现由于洪水
介绍故事的介绍人物的事迹
Mola收集雨水植Mola取得的成就
的破坏,他的家乡鸟和蛇的数
背景
① A flood had hit the area
树造林:
His efforts have resulted
量减少,于是他开始寻求解决
Molai grew @had driven away a number of
He placed earthen in 1, 360 acres of
up in a tiny birds and the number of snakes
pots with small
naturally -grown land
方法。他发现种树可以解决问
village in
had declined
holes to collect
that has become home
题后,多年来他坚持植树造林
India
BThe solution was to plant trees
rainwater
to many plants
保护环境。Unit 4 Global warming
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．greenhouse n．　　　　 温室；花房
2．graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
3．random adj. 胡乱的；任意的
4．fuel n. 燃料
5．data n. 资料；数据
6．trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向
7．catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
8．flood n. 洪水；水灾
9．outer adj. 外部的；外面的
10．advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
11．electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的
12．motor n. 发动机
13．can n. 容器；罐头
14．microwave n. 微波炉；微波
15．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．phenomenon n. 现象
2．quantity n. 量；数量
3．per prep. 每；每一
4．mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
5．range n. 种类；范围
6．glance vi. 看一下；扫视
n. 一瞥
7．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的
8．average adj. 平均的
9．commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉
10．growth n. 增长；生长
11．casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
12．circumstance n. 环境；情况
13．refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作
14．presentation n. 显示；演出
15．disagreement n. 分歧；不一致
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．顾客
2．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助→subscription n．同意；捐赠；订阅；签署
3．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾；往往会vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．倾向；趋势
4．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
5．consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequently adv.因此；所以
6．state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．说明；说法；声明
7．steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地；持续地
8．economy n．经济；节约→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economic adj.经济(上)的
9．exist vi.存在→existence n．生存；存在→existing adj.目前的；现在的
10．pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染；弄脏→polluted adj.被污染的
11．educate v．教育；培养→educator n．教育工作者；教育家→education n．教育；培养
12．contribute v．贡献；撰稿；捐助；捐赠→contribution n．贡献；捐助
13．environment n．环境→environmental adj.环境的
[语境活用]
1．At first he was opposed (oppose) to the plan, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.
2．Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the pollution (pollute)．
3．In consequence (consequent) of your bad work, I am forced to dismiss you.
4．They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter. (contribute)
5．Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts. Some young children doubt whether there exist all kinds of ghosts in the world. (exist)
6．The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．quantity n．量；数量
背词条用法 in quantity/in large quantities　　　大量a large/small quantity of 大/少量的(large) quantities of 大量的
背写作佳句 ①Large quantities of water are polluted every year so the government should take effective measures to solve it.每年都有大量的水受到污染，所以政府应该采取有效措施来解决它。②(2018·天津高考书面表达)I know you once participated in a Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated a large quantity of/quantities of experience.我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛，并且获了奖，因此你肯定积累了大量的经验。
2．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
背词条用法 (1)oppose (doing) sth.　　　　 反对(做)某事oppose sb./sb.'s doing sth. 反对某人/某人做某事(2)be opposed to (one's) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事be opposed to sth. 反对某事
背写作佳句 ①People are strongly opposed to violence and bullying on campus in any shape or form.人们强烈反对任何形式的校园暴力和欺凌。②They opposed building the new hotel because it will be harmful to the local environment. 他们反对建新旅馆，因为这会破坏当地环境。
3．consequence n．结果；后果；影响
背词条用法 as a consequence　　　　　　　因此；结果 由于……的缘故in consequence＝consequently 因此；结果
背写作佳句 ①(2020·天津5月高考书面表达)As a consequence, more and more people have turned to online learning these days.因此，最近越来越多的人转向在线学习。②In consequence of their conscience, they worked constantly to raise people's consciousness on the conservation of natural resources. 由于良知的缘故，他们不断地努力来唤起人们对自然资源保护的意识。
4．average adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
背词条用法 (1)an average of　　　　平均有(后跟数词) (2)on average 平均起来above average 在平均水平以上below average 在平均水平以下(3)average ... out 算出……的平均数
背写作佳句 ①On average, each report requires 1 hours to prepare.准备一份报告平均需要1小时。②The prices were a little above average, but they're of the highest quality. 价格略高于平均水平，但它们的质量是最好的。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．come about　　　　　　 发生；造成
2．subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
3．quantities of 大量的
4．go up 上升；增长；升起
5．result in 导致
6．be opposed to 反对……
7．keep on 继续
8．make a difference 有影响
9．on the whole 大体上；基本上
10．on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
11．put up with 忍受；容忍
12．and so on 等等
重点短语拓展用活
1．come about发生；造成
背相关短语 come on　　　 　 快点；加油；开始(工作、运转)come to 合计为；达到；恢复知觉come up 走近；(困难或问题)出现；发芽；被提及come across 邂逅；偶遇come up with 提出；想出come into being 形成；产生
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.她有一种坚韧不拔的精神，这并非偶然产生的。②When we surf the Internet, we often come across such English words as “ASAP” and “AFK”．上网时，我们常会遇到像“ASAP”和“AFK”这样的英语单词。③He is very quick thinking, and is often able to come up with new jokes.他思维敏捷，经常能想出新笑话。
2．result in导致
背相关短语 result from　　　　　由……造成；因……而产生as a result 结果as a result of 由于……的结果
背写作佳句 ①(2020·天津5月高考书面表达)Personally, online learning results in more motivation to learning, because so many learning materials are available.就我个人而言，网上学习可以带来更多的学习动力，因为有很多学习材料可用。②Many species' dying out results from more and more pollution.许多物种的灭绝是由越来越多的污染造成的。
3．put up with忍受；容忍
背相关短语 put off　　　　 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；扑灭put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿；举起put aside 留出；存(钱)备用；把……放在一边put away 收起来；放好put forward 提出(建议)；把……向前拨
背写作佳句 ①In that case, we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.既然那样，我们将不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并尝试发现他的优点。②The sports meeting which is to take place this Friday has to be put off because of the heavy rain these days.由于这几天下大雨，原定于本周五举行的运动会不得不被推迟。③A suggestion has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks.有人提出建议，我们应该循环利用教科书。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases ... (even if引导让步状语从句)
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量……
佳句① Dean still refused to join in the game, even if/though we all did our best to persuade him.尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。
佳句② Be open minded to different opinions even if/though you don't like them. 尽管你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也要采取开放的态度。
2．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off！(so/as long as引导条件状语从句；if not是if you are not using it的省略形式)
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用就把它关掉！
佳句① (2020·天津7月高考书面表达)As long as I have confidence in myself, I believe I will have a wonderful future.只要我对自己有信心，我相信我会有一个美好的未来。
佳句② As long as the green hills are there, one need not worry about firewood.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
佳句③ It is OK to accept the job so/as long as you like it. If not, don't do it. 只要你喜欢这份工作，你可以接受它。如果不喜欢，就不要做这份工作。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．It is well known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.
众所周知，由于全球变暖，水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。
2．Air and water are being polluted so much that the environment in which animals live is destroyed.
空气和水正受到如此多的污染，以至于动物生存的环境被破坏。
3．It's (high) time that we took measures to protect the river from being polluted.
是我们采取措施防止这条河流被污染的时候了。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——倡议书(一)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，是校英语报的编辑。近日你从国外网站上了解到一种新型运动——plogging(跑步捡垃圾)很受欢迎，请你据此为校英语报写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极参与。内容包括：
1．介绍plogging；2.参与plogging的好处；3.发出倡议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear fellow students，
Plogging is a new fitness trend which combines jogging with picking up litter. Since it was created, it has swept across the world.
It has been acknowledged that plogging has lots of advantages. Firstly, more calories will be consumed in order to pick up rubbish while jogging, thus improving exercise efficiency. Secondly, no matter what age you are, you can easily adopt this sports style. It doesn't require special training or extra costs — a pair of gloves and a garbage bag are already enough for you to make a difference. Most importantly, our environment can benefit from such a sport, which can make our world a better and more beautiful place to live in.
In short, plogging not only benefits our health but also does good to our environment. Let's spare no effort to take action!
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学谋篇布局
2．学亮丽开头
开头使用含定语从句的句子对新型运动plogging进行了介绍，点明了发出倡议的背景。
3．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：a new fitness trend, acknowledge, pick up litter/rubbish, make a difference, benefit from, spare no effort等。
(2)准确运用复杂句式结构，如：限制性定语从句which combines jogging with picking up litter；it作形式主语It has been acknowledged that ...；“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句no matter what age you are；非限制性定语从句which can make our world ...等，体现了考生过硬的语言功底与灵活的语言运用能力。
4．学精彩结尾
结尾使用了In short和not only ...but also ...总结参与plogging的好处。最后用祈使句Let's spare no effort to take action！发出倡议，表达了希望和决心，铿锵有力。
5．学过渡衔接
衔接词since, firstly, thus, secondly, most importantly, in short, not only ...but also ...等的恰当运用，使得文章结构严谨，层层递进，读起来朗朗上口。
6．防微点失分
考生容易把“a pair of gloves and a garbage bag are already enough for you to make a difference”中的are错误地表达为is，或把“Most importantly, our environment can benefit from such a sport, which can make our world ...”中的关系代词which错用为that，从而导致失分。
学案(一)　重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The witness stated (陈述) that he had never seen the man before.
2．I have subscribed (订阅) to China Daily for several years.
3．He glanced (扫视) through the newspaper while having breakfast.
4．Wherever you go, you can find this kind of widespread (分布广的) plant.
5．However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way — by studying movements of random (任意的) floating garbage.
6．Have a look at this graph (图表). It shows the total sales to date.
7．First they collected sound data (数据) from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.
8．He is a mild (温和的) man, who is reasonable.
9．A cool drink refreshed (使恢复) me after my long walk.
10．In my opinion, this phenomenon (现象) is a serious problem which needs to be solved.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1.(2020·江苏高考)LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016. 提倡；主张
2．He received his award at a presentation in London yesterday. 颁奖典礼
3．The area is famous for its very mild winter climate. 温暖的；和煦的
4.①The gulch would be flooded in the rainy season but were dry now. 淹没
②A wave of happiness flooded over me. 涌上心头
5．(熟词生义)I like Simon very much — he's a very steady boy. 稳重的；沉着的
6.(熟词生义)Rumours of his illness have been fueled by his failure to attend last night's dinner. 增强；加剧
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．These years, our company has been developing steadily (steady)．
2.No one can change the general trend of world history.
3．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment (commit)．
4．There has been a growth (grow) in the number of college students.
5．Robert's contributions (contribute) to the company should also be remembered.
6．There was apparent disagreement (disagree) between their stories.
7．They are thinking of ways to deal with air pollution (pollute)．
8．“What's in those books you're always reading？” he asked casually (casual)．
9．People under stress tend to develop (develop) their full range of potential.
10．Public worries that accidents are threatening the very existence (exist) of the nuclear power industry.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)advocate 后接动词 ing形式。
(2)flood 用作名词时意为“洪水”，用作动词时意为“大量涌入；淹没”。
(3)fuel 一般用作名词，意为“燃料”，也可作动词用，意为“加剧；增强”。
(4)trend和tendency均含“趋势；倾向”之意。trend指事物发展的总的方向、倾向或趋势，它指的是整个社会或者较大群体的一种趋势或者潮流； tendency指固有或习得的倾向性，强调没有外来的影响或干扰，一般指的是人有某种倾向性或者某种趋势。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．quantity
[明其义]
n．量；数量
[通其用]
(1)补全句子
①(2019·浙江6月高考)Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.
专家表示，表扬的质量比数量更重要。
②The vegetables will be a lot cheaper if you buy them in quantity/in large quantities.
如果你大批量购买的话，蔬菜会便宜得多。
(2)一句多译
由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。
③As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.
④As a result of destroying the forests, large quantities of desert have covered the land.
[解其困]
含quantity的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数与quantity的单复数保持一致。
2．oppose
[明其义]
vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
[通其用]
单句语法填空
①However, many students and parents oppose separating (separate) students into science and art.
②Her parents opposed her (she) going abroad.
③The mayor is strongly opposed to building (build) a new hall, which may cost a lot of money.
④Opposing(oppose) the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike on Sunday.
[解其困]
表示“反对；不赞成”的表达还有：disagree with, disapprove of, be against, object to, hold negative attitudes towards等。
3．consequence
[明其义]
n．结果；后果；影响
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①As a consequence (consequent), they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
②Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture.
③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
(2)翻译句子
④成千上万的人因那场大地震而失去了生命。
Thousands of people lost their lives as a consequence of the big earthquake.
4．average
[明其义]
adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的
n．平均数；平均水平；一般水准
v．平均为；计算出……的平均数
[通其用]
(1)写出下列各句中average的词性及含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. adj.平均的
②(2020·浙江1月高考)It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. n．平均数
③Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. adj.普通的
④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily. v.平均为
(2)语段填空
There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, ⑤an average of 18 students in each class. Tom's was ⑥above average while John's was ⑦below average.
在这次考试中有90名学生得到了满分，每个班级平均有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之下。
学案(二)　词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
come about， result in， put up with， subscribe to， on behalf of， quantities of， go up， even if， keep on， on the whole
1．The old Chinese proverb “Don't fail to do good even if it's small” teaches us how to be a good person in this world.
2．(2019·江苏高考)However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
3.With the housing price going up, more and more people advocate the government take more strict measures to lower property prices.
4.With my English teacher's patient instructions, I kept on learning, practising oral English for three months.
5．To get good jobs, they are willing to put up with many of the disadvantages of city life such as heavy traffic and pollution.
6.Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century.
7.First of all, on behalf of all the members of our school, I'd like to express our heartfelt thanks to you.
8．Up to now, large quantities of food have been sent to Africa to save the starving people there.
9.It's already 10 o'clock. I wonder how it came about that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
10．—What do you think about the measures taken to prevent global warming
—On the whole, they are good.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)go up 上升，无被动形式。
(2)keep on/keep/insist on doing继续做某事。
(3)subscribe to 认购；订阅；赞成；同意；subscribe for 认购；预订；预定；捐款 。
(4)on behalf of“代表”，是介词短语；stand for“代表”是动词短语。
(5)come about 发生；出现，没有被动语态。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
　result in VS result from
比较 ①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.②The fact that many species are dying out results from more and more pollution.
辨清 result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。
[句式的验收盘点]
so/as long as引导条件状语从句
[通其用]
补全句子/句型转换
①“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”； as long as you have a dream, keep trying and you'll make it, too.
“世上无难事，只怕有心人”；只要你有梦想，坚持尝试，你也会成功的。
②(2020·天津7月高考)Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
吉姆说只要我们保持他家干净整洁，我们就可以待在他家里。
③As long as you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths. (on condition that)
→On condition that you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.
[解其困]
(1)引导条件状语从句的连词短语还有：in case 如果；万一；on condition that 只要；provided that 如果；条件是。
(2)as long as 和so long as表示“只要”时，可以互换；as long as表示“与……一样长”时，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。
学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空——对接课标主题：人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
精读真题——拓展语言能力　(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands① which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.
[2]When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 ， the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 27 ②. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
[3] 31 young plants in the dry season③ was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
[4]Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home④ to many plants and animals.,
①微技法——合成词猜测词义：adj.＋n.→n.
wet (adj.潮湿的)＋land (n.土地)→wetland n．湿地；沼泽地
②微技法——“瞻前顾后”结合常识解题
有的完形填空题目解答需瞻前顾后，综合语境信息解答。文中第27题可以根据下句中的“during the daytime”再结合常识得出正确选项。
③微积累——表示季节的词语集锦：
the dry season　　　　　　 旱季
the rain season 雨季
the plum rain season 梅雨季节
the dog days 三伏天；酷热期
④微积累——熟词生义：home
n．家；住所；家乡(熟义)
n．栖息地；生息地(生义)
be home to　……的栖息地
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意　
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
21．A．dream　　　　　　　　 B．job
C．home D．choice
解析：选C　文章首句提到Molai在一个小村庄长大，结合语境可知，此处表示一些湿地变成了他的第二个家(home)。
22．A．nature B．youth
C．culture D．knowledge
解析：选A　根据上文提到的湿地和下文讲述的Molai为保护动物而种树可知，这里指的是在很小的年纪，他就知道了大自然(nature)的价值和美丽。
23．A．precious B．interesting
C．disturbing D．awkward
解析：选C　根据下文表述的洪水发生后，鸟和蛇的数量都减少了可知，这里指的是他家周围发生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。
24．A．waste B．tension
C．pain D．damage
解析：选D　根据语境和空后的“it caused”可知，这里指的是洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏(damage)使许多鸟类被迫离开。
25．A．Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
解析：选A　空前提到鸟的数量减少了，空后提到蛇的数量也减少了，故此处用Besides(此外)。
26．A．agreed B．realized
C．remembered D．predicted
解析：选B　根据语境可知，这里指的是他意识到(realized)这是因为没有足够的树木来为它们提供保护。
27．A．noise B．heat
C．disease D．dust
解析：选B　根据下句中的“during the daytime”并结合常识可知，这里指的是没有足够的树木来保护这些动物免受高温(heat)的伤害。
28．A．directions B．partners
C．help D．shelter
解析：选D　根据空前的“plant trees”及语境可知，解决方法是种树，以便于这些动物在白天可以寻求到庇护(shelter)。
29．A．labor B．police
C．forest D．finance
解析：选C　根据上文提到的解决方法是种树以及下文中的“for help but was told that nothing would grow there”可知，他向林业部门求助。forest“林区，森林”，符合语境。
30．A．rebuilt B．discovered
C．left D．managed
解析：选B　根据空前的“Molai went looking on his own”以及空后的“a nearby island where he began to plant trees”可知，此处表示他发现(discovered)了一个附近的岛屿，他可以在那儿植树。
31．A．Decorating B．Observing
C．Watering D．Guarding
解析：选C　根据下文中的“The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.”及语境可知，这里指的是在旱季给小树浇水，故用Watering。
32．A．tough B．illegal
C．fantastic D．beneficial
解析：选A　根据空后的“for a lone boy”可知，对这个男孩来说，独自一个人在旱季给小树浇水是艰难的(tough)。
33．A．back B．top
C．foot D．side
解析：选B　根据下文中的“The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.”可知，他是在每棵幼树的顶部(top)搭建了一个竹子制成的平台。
34．A．cool down B．keep off
C．purify D．collect
解析：选D　根据空前的“where he placed earthen pots with small holes”和空后的“rainwater”以及“The water”可知，他在竹子平台上放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集(collect)雨水。
35．A．returned B．learned
C．failed D．continued
解析：选D　根据空后的“to plant trees for the next 37 years”以及下文可知，他在接下来的37年中继续(continued)植树。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第33题主要考查学生的逻辑性思维。根据下文中的“The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.”可以迅速地确定装置是放在每棵幼树的顶部，他是在每棵幼树的顶部(top)搭建了一个竹子制成的平台。back“背面，后面”；top“顶部”；foot“底部”；side“旁边，侧面”。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了印度人Molai从小就意识到大自然的珍贵与美丽，在发现洪灾给动物带来了危害之后，他坚持长年植树造林改善环境。他的付出为许多植物和动物创造了新的家园。文章旨在弘扬Molai植树造林改善环境的无私精神，与此同时也在倡导人们关注自然生态和保护环境，意在提高人们与自然和谐共处的意识。
借力真题——发掘学习能力　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is important to protect my fair skin from the sun.
2．It suddenly hit me that I had left my keys behind.
3．The report says lack of water may result in several problems.
4．Wet books should be placed (place) on end (竖着) with their pages kept apart.
5．Traveling around and seeing so much happening (happen) in the world around us is a wonderful experience.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．John's rudeness soon drove Monica's friends away (赶走)．
2．As we all know, China is home to (……的栖息地) pandas.
3．When his parents died he had to learn to live on his own (独立地)．
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．He realized that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.
[句式解构]　本句是一个含有一个宾语从句和一个表语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是He，谓语动词是realized。其中that引导宾语从句，because引导表语从句。
[句意翻译]　他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温的伤害。
2．Molai built at the top of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.
[句式解构]　本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句的主语是Molai，谓语动词是built。where引导非限制性定语从句，对“a bamboo platform”进行补充说明；“with small holes”作定语修饰pots；不定式短语“to collect rainwater”作目的状语。
[句意翻译]　Molai在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子做成的平台，在平台上他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Molai grew up in a tiny village near some wetlands in India, 1.which became his second home. He learned the value and beauty of nature there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 2.disturbing (disturb) happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven 3.away a number of birds. Besides，the number of snakes had declined as well. He realized 4.that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat. The solution, of course, was 5.to plant (plant) trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime. He turned to the forest department for help but 6.was told (tell) that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went 7.looking (look) on his own and discovered a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
8．Watering (water) young plants in the dry season was tough for a lone boy. Molai built at 9.the top of each sapling a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. The water would then drip on the plants below.
Molai continued to plant trees for the next 37 years. His 10.efforts (effort) have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
Ⅴ.主题语境写作
两个月前，你注意到你居住的社区有人乱扔垃圾，你为此向相关部门反映，并利用空闲时间在社区内开展宣传活动，社区环境得到了极大的改善，请就此场景写一篇小短文。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
　
　
　
参考范文：
Two months ago, I noticed that there were some people littering in our community. Therefore, I reported it to the relevant departments and at the same time I spared my free time to carry out various activities to call for the citizens to take care of our living environment.To my great delight, the relevant departments paid attention to the situation and took a series of measures and all the citizens were all very active in protecting our living environment. Gradually, the community environment has been greatly improved.
课下主题训练人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①resident　　　　　□　　　 ②radiation　　　　　 □
③immigrant □ ④environmental □
⑤emission □ ⑥awareness □
⑦decline □ ⑧fierce □
⑨endangered □ ⑩severely □
shrink □ industrialized □
greenhouse □ nutritious □
dangerous □ satisfaction □
experience □ create □
reduction □ theme □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
resident， emission， radiation， decline， severely， greenhouse，shrink， industrialized， create， theme
1．I think every country should cut the emission of carbon dioxide to protect the earth.
2．Local resident groups have united in opposition to the plan.
3．The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.
4．An aircraft overshot the runway and was severely damaged.
5．A greenhouse is a glass building in which you grow plants that need to be protected from bad weather.
6．If you give up exercise, your muscles shrink and fat increases.
7．Our school has organized a photography exhibition with the theme of “love my hometown”．
8．It was with faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The government has decided to tighten its immigration (immigrate) policy.
2．The laws have led to a reduction (reduce) in fuel consumption in the US.
3．Examples of unsafe environmental (environment) conditions are noise, radiation, dust, etc.
4．It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious (nutrition) foods.
5．I hope everything is to your satisfaction (satisfy), Sir.
6．Some effective measures have been taken to protect endangered (endanger) species.
7．I can feel my heart is beating fiercely (fierce)．
8．It is common for children to experience (experience) frustration and anger when growing.
9．Overtaking on a bend is dangerous (danger)．Do be careful.
10．The old people held an activity two months ago to raise awareness (aware) of the needs of grandparents.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
While the human world is suffering from the novel coronavirus outbreak, our planet is actually showing certain signs of “recovery” from the damage caused by human activity. According to the BBC, new satellite images released by the European Space Agency showed that levels of air pollutants and greenhouse gases have “fallen sharply” in major cities in Europe and the United States ever since the lockdown started.
This is what happened after recent discoveries in Antarctica. An international team of 89 scientists found that the ice in Greenland and Antarctica melted six times faster in the 2010s than it was in the 1990s. And in February, Argentina's Marambio Base in Antarctica recorded a record high temperature of 20.75℃ on the continent.
So what exactly will happen if the temperature keeps rising and the ice keeps melting A third study might give you an idea. A team of scientists drilled a hole into the seafloor in West Antarctica and extracted (提取) material from underground, in which they found traces of roots, spores and pollen — typical products of a rainforest — that dated back 90 million years. In other words, Antarctica was very likely a rainforest back when the dinosaurs walked on Earth. But given the fact that the South Pole has four months of darkness during winter — even millions of years ago — scientists believe that the rainforest could only exist if the greenhouse gas concentrations were extremely high back then to keep the continent warm when there was little or no sunlight.
“We didn't know that this Cretaceous (白垩纪的) greenhouse climate was that extreme，” Johann Klages of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany and a co author of the research told the Guardian.“It shows us what carbon dioxide is able to do.”
With ice or no ice, Antarctica will be — and has always been — fine with extreme changes. The human world, however, may not be.
Now, during the coronavirus lockdown, we've seen the changes resulting from less human activity. Hopefully, we'll hold on to those changes — not for Antarctica or the planet, but for ourselves.
语篇解读：文章主要介绍了人类活动的减少给环境带来了好处。为了人类的生存，我们应该继续保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us
A．Our planet is returning to its original state due to the novel coronavirus outbreak.
B．The lockdown of major cities contributed to the decrease of greenhouse gases.
C．The novel coronavirus has no effect on the human beings.
D．The novel coronavirus outbreak resulted from human activity.
解析：选B　段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，该段主要介绍了自从对人的活动限制开始以来，欧美主要城市的空气污染物和温室气体水平急剧下降。故选B。
2．What do we learn from the third study
A．Typical products of a rainforest were dug out in Antarctica.
B．Traces of dinosaurs living in rainforests were spotted in Antarctica.
C．There was a good possibility of high greenhouse gas concentrations in Antarctica.
D．There used to be enough sunlight for the rainforest in the Cretaceous Antarctica.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，考虑到数百万年前在冬天南极也有四个月的黑暗时间，科学家们认为，只有当时温室气体浓度极高以便在很少或没有阳光的情况下依然能保持大陆温暖时，热带雨林才可能存在。由此可推知，该研究表明，南极洲曾经的温室气体的浓度很可能非常高。故选C。
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Human activity doesn't threaten life in Antarctica.
B．The ice in Antarctica melted faster in the 2010s than now.
C．We should reduce carbon dioxide emissions for our own sake.
D．The lockdown can be carried on to slow down global warming.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句以及第五段和第六段的内容可知，二氧化碳能造成巨大的变化，而对南极洲来说，这些巨大的变化一直都是也将会是可以接受的，然而对人类世界来说可能不是；我们应该为了自己而保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。由此可知，为了我们自己，我们必须减少二氧化碳的排放。故选C。
4．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To encourage us to defeat the novel coronavirus.
B．To explain the effects of greenhouse gases.
C．To draw our attention to the ecosystem in Antarctica.
D．To call on us to reduce human impact on the environment.
解析：选D　写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，人类活动的减少给环境带来了变化，因此为了人类自身的生存，我们应该继续保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。由此可知，本文的主要目的在于呼吁人们减少人类对环境的影响。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I've been into environment friendly things for ages, which started when I was 13 and my favorite teen magazine 1 in the mail with a “Save the Earth, Girl！” cover. I remember it 2 ！ It was filled with all sorts of easy 3 to go green.
Among many of the 4 I learned that day: turning off the water while you brush your teeth 5 200 gallons of water every year — per person! I started doing that 6 . I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesn't have an unlimited 7 of fresh water.
My parents were also 8 for recycling and reusing, so we became the ones who 9 rejected containers and used them for 10 ， and the ones who carried our own bags to the grocery store and our own 11 to the coffee shop. I knew it was the right thing to do for the environment.
Later, I tried to let my 12 flag fly! I either called out to whoever littered in public or collected magazines from my friends to 13 . Then the strangest thing happened: people started 14 me. One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights, buy recycled notebooks, and 15 paper back into the printer to make use of the other 16 . It's not that they were so 17 about the environment, but they were drawn to my confidence.
I'm wild about environmental protection and would stand 18 ， saying, “Yeah, this is what I'm into.” 19 others don't share your enthusiasm, they will envy your confidence and want to be like you, and that means 20 your example.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者热衷环保的健康生活。
1．A．existed　　　　　　　　　 B．arrived
C．returned D．printed
解析：选B　根据空后的“in the mail”可推知，作者最喜爱的青少年杂志到了。
2．A．carefully B．correctly
C．clearly D．occasionally
解析：选C　根据空后的感叹号，和上文提到那本杂志是作者的最爱可推知，作者清晰地(clearly)记得那本杂志。
3．A．tips B．questions
C．jobs D．decisions
解析：选A　根据上文中的“with a ‘Save the Earth, Girl！’ cover”可推知，那本杂志里提供了很多环保的小贴士，与下文中的如“刷牙时关掉水龙头”等具体的建议形成呼应。
4．A．reasons B．debates
C．lessons D．facts
解析：选D　根据语境可推知，每个人刷牙时关掉水龙头一年可以节约(saves)200加仑水是一个事实的陈述。
5．A．weighs B．stores
C．saves D．totals
解析：选C　参见上题解析。
6．A．at times B．right away
C．after all D．at last
解析：选B　根据下文“I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesn't have an unlimited of fresh water”可推知，作者认为节约用水事关重大，于是立马行动。
7．A．amount B．control
C．use D．flow
解析：选A　作者意识到地球上的淡水资源数量是有限的。amount“数量”。
8．A．famous B．sorry
C．eager D．suitable
解析：选C　根据下文可知，作者的父母也加入进来，践行环保。be eager for“渴望”。
9．A．washed out B．took away
C．gave out D．threw away
解析：选A　与空前的“reusing”呼应可推知，作者一家把遗弃的容器清洗后用来贮存(storage)。
10．A．collection B．show
C．storage D．decoration
解析：选C　参见上题解析。
11．A．drinks B．books
C．coins D．cups
解析：选D　根据空前的“carried our own bags to the grocery store”和作者一家的环保理念可推知，他们带着自己的杯子去咖啡店。
12．A．noble B．high
C．ambitious D．green
解析：选D　根据上文“I've been into environment friendly things for ages”和“It was filled with all sorts of easy to go green”可推知，之后作者试着把自己的环保理念传播给他人，故选D。
13．A．recycle B．process
C．resell D．donate
解析：选A　结合作者的环保理念并根据语境可推知，作者从朋友那里收集杂志，循环利用。
14．A．serving B．copying
C．observing D．reminding
解析：选B　根据下文“One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights ... make use of the other ”可推知，作者的朋友开始仿效作者，加入环保行动。
15．A．pay B．take
C．feed D．turn
解析：选C　根据空后的“paper back into the printer to make use of the other ”并结合语境可知，此处应是一种环保做法，即把纸放进打印机，使用纸的另一面(side)。feed“把……放进机器”。
16．A．sheet B．part
C．version D．side
解析：选D　参见上题解析。
17．A．curious B．concerned
C．optimistic D．serious
解析：选B　根据该句“It's not that ... drawn to my confidence”可推知，他们这样做并不是他们关注环境，而是被作者的信心吸引，与上文作者的朋友开始效仿作者，践行环保理念呼应。
18．A.proudly B．politely
C．calmly D．patiently
解析：选A　根据上文中的“but they were drawn to my confidence”可推知，作者热衷环保，信心满满，并以此为傲。
19．A.Now that B．Even if
C．Unless D．Before
解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示即使其他人不能分享你的热情，但他们将羡慕你的信心，并且想像你一样。
20．A．setting B．making
C．giving D．following
解析：选D　结合语境“they will envy your confidence and want to be like you”可推知，这意味着人们会被你的信心所感染，效仿你的环保行为。
PAGE
25(共77张PPT)
把握主题
Para. 1 Para. 2
Para. 3
Para.4 Para. 5 Para. 6
本文是一篇说明文。
引出话题:一项研通过列举
分析造成加州大树减少的不同时期的大树减少造成水资
文章主要介绍了美国
究指出,加州的大系列数据表三个可能因素:①Wood-两项研究的最严重的源短缺的加利福尼亚州的森林
树已经减少了
明了加州各 cutters targeted big trees对比:否定|地区原因:主要原因
中大树急剧减少的现
半之多,主要原因地大树减少② Housing development‖其中的两个水资源短气温的上
为气候的变化
的严重情况。③ Aggressive wildfire control因素。
缺最严重。升
象,并分析了其原因Unit 5 The power of nature
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．diagram n. 　　　　　　　 图解；图表；示意图
2．volcano n. 火山
3．ash n. 灰；灰末
4．hurricane n. 飓风；风暴
5．questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表
6．database n. 数据库；资料库
7．fountain vi.& vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出
n. 喷泉；源泉
8．helmet n. 头盔
9．boot n. 靴子
10．sample n. 样品；样本
11．bungalow n. 平房；小屋
12．typhoon n. 台风
13．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
14．document n. 文件；证件
15．rainbow n. 彩虹
16．balcony n. 阳台
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边
prep. 在……旁边；沿着……的边
2．wave n. 波浪；波涛
vi. 波动；起伏；挥手
3．potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj. 可能的；潜在的
4．actual adj. 实在的；实际的
5．candidate n. 候选人；候补者
6．precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的
7．shoot vt. 射中；射伤
8．shot n. 射击；枪炮声
9．tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖
10．sweat n. 汗
vi. 出汗
11．panic vi.& vt. 惊慌
n. 惊慌；恐慌
12．bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳
13．arouse vt. 激发；唤醒
14．guarantee vt. 保证；担保
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．equip v．配备；装备→equipment n．设备；装备
2．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定
3．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．评估
4．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
5．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜→suitable adj.适宜的；合适的
6．erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
7．novel n．小说adj.新奇的→novelist n．小说家
8．conscious adj.有知觉的；有意识的→unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的→consciously adv.有意识地
9．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
10．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激→appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢；鉴赏
11．fog n．雾；烟雾→foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的
12．comfort vt.使安慰→comfortable adj.自在的；舒适的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的
13．diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性
[语境活用]
1．It helps children to develop an appreciation (appreciate) of poetry and literature.
2．I felt uncomfortable (comfortable) in my stomach because I ate too much.
3．In our office, Jim is an absolutely (absolute) brilliant expert in computers, and he always solves the complex problems in a few minutes.
4．He was appointed as manager of the company. But to everyone's surprise, he didn't accept the appointment.(appoint)
5．He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety. (anxious)
6．People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)
7．Do you want to evaluate your intelligence？Just complete the evaluation from below, please.(evaluate)
8．Tom was badly hurt and still unconscious after the accident, but his wife was conscious and was smiling to us consciously.(conscious)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．appoint vt.任命；委派；约定
背词条用法 (1)appoint sb. as/to be ...　　　　 任命某人为……appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事(2)make an appointment with sb. 与某人预约/约会keep/break an appointment 守/违(爽)约
背写作佳句 ①I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.我被指定负责安排那一天的所有活动。②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Can we make an appointment to meet you at your office？我们可以做一个约定去你办公室见你吗？
2．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
背词条用法 (1)a suit of　　　　　　　一套……suit ...to ... 使……适合……follow suit 仿效(2)be suited for/to sth. (某人)适合某物(3)be suitable for sb. (某物)适合某人be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
背写作佳句 ①As students，you'd better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.作为学生，你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。②The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students.本课程适合初学者和高年级学生。
3．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
背词条用法 (1)be anxious 　　　为……担心/担忧be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事(2)with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地；焦急地
背写作佳句 ①Men are anxious to improve their circumstances，but are unwilling to improve themselves; they therefore remain bound.人们渴望改善他们的周遭环境，但是却不愿意改善自己，他们因此停留在原地，无法进步。②The old woman was awaiting the return of her relatives with anxiety.老妇人焦急地等待着她的亲戚们回来。
4．panic n．惊慌；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌
背词条用法 (1)in panic　　　　　　　　　惊慌失措地get into a panic 陷入恐慌(2)panic ... into doing sth. 使……惊慌地做某事
背写作佳句 ①I have to admit that I was in panic when I saw this message in the first.我不得不承认当我最初看到这些信息时我感到恐慌。②She gets into a mad panic when she couldn't find the exit. 由于找不到出口，她陷入了恐慌之中。
5．guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单
背词条用法 (1)guarantee to do sth.　　　　　保证做某事guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事(2)under guarantee 在保修期内give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
背写作佳句 ①(2020·天津7月高考书面表达)I guarantee to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a reliable person in the future.我保证会以他们为榜样，承担起自己的责任，将来成为一个值得信赖的人。②The car is less than a year old, and therefore still under guarantee.这辆车用了不到一年，因此还在保修期内。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．burn to the ground　　　　 全部焚毁
2．make one's way 前往
3．be suitable for 适合；适于
4．make up 组成；构成
5．get close to 靠近
6．glance through 匆匆看一遍
7．be home to ... 是……的家园；为……栖息地
8．be about to 即将
9．vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等
10．give birth to 生产；产生
11．have a gift for 有……的天赋
12．take notice 留意；注意
13．compare with 与……相比
14．wave goodbye to 向……挥手告别
重点短语拓展用活
1．make one's way前往
背相关短语 fight one's way　　　　　　奋力前进lose one's way 迷路feel one's way 摸索前进push one's way 挤出来wind one's way 蜿蜒前进
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We made our way to the fields singing and laughing.我们又唱又笑地向田野走去。②The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.长城像一条巨龙蜿蜒穿过中国北方。
2．vary from ...to ...由……到……不等
背相关短语 (1)vary in ...　　　　　 在……(大小、形状等)上不同vary with 随……变化/改变(2)a wide variety of/varieties of　种种；各种各样的
背写作佳句 ①Wedding traditions and customs vary from one country to another.不同国家的婚礼传统和习俗不同。②There are many flowers in the garden that vary in color and size.花园里有许多色彩和大小各异的花朵。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.(独立主格结构)
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
佳句① I heard that he got injured in the accident, my heart full of worries.听说他在这起事故中受了伤，我内心充满了担忧。
佳句② Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.如果时间允许，我希望有更多的空闲时间和我的朋友在一起，这样我们可以有一个更好的关系。
佳句③ Some falling behind, others would come and offer help.有些人落后了，其他人会来提供帮助。
2．It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.(“It is said that ...”句式)
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和说服力。
佳句① It is believed that advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.人们相信广告往往是最有效的促销手段。
佳句② (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to you.希望这些建议对你有很大的帮助。
佳句③ (2020·江苏高考书面表达)It is known that China enjoys a long history and rich culture.众所周知，中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．Recent years have seen a big increase in natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, which are big threats to people's lives.
最近几年自然灾害频发，例如地震、飓风、洪水等，这对人们的生命是个大的威胁。
2．We should adopt conservation，reusing and recycling approaches to solve the problem and take good care of our environment.
我们应该采取节约、重新利用和回收利用的办法来解决这个问题，好好保护我们的环境。
3．It is urgent for us to do our best to protect the earth and make it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.
我们迫切需要尽我们最大的努力来保护地球并使它成为一个适合居住的地方，因为除了我们现在居住的地方，我们没有别的地方可以去并生存下来。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——倡议书(二)
[题目要求]
近年来，随着科技的发展，可用于学习的电子产品也越来越多，学生的汉字书写能力大大降低。假定你是李华，是校书法协会的会长，为了让同学们重视书写，你打算写一封倡议书，向校报“英语天地”栏目投稿，内容包括：
1．减少对电子产品的依赖，多动手记笔记；
2．养成练书法和写日记的习惯。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。　
[背范文]
Dear students，
With the development of technology, more and more students tend to use electric products for taking notes, rather than writing on the paper. As a consequence, our handwriting is not as good as it was in the past. To solve this problem, we should do as follows：
First, we should use less electric products while learning so that we can have more chances to improve our handwriting. Also it is necessary that we form the habit of practicing calligraphy and keeping a diary every day. What's more, it is also a good way to write letters to our relatives and friends by hand.
Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students. So let's take action right now! I'm sure our efforts will eventually pay off!
Calligraphy Association
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：take notes, as a consequence, as follows, be beneficial to, take action, pay off等。
(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：状语从句的省略while learning；目的状语从句so that we can have more chances to improve our handwriting；it作形式主语Also it is necessary that ...和it is also a good way to write letters to ...等，增强了文章的表达效果，是加分的亮点所在。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾先用Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students.强调了好的书法对学生们的重要性。然后用So let's take action ...提出行动倡议。最后用I'm sure ...从作者自己的角度表达了信心。衔接自然、流畅，话语非常有感召力。
3．学过渡衔接
文章中as a consequence, first, so that, also, what's more, so等过渡词语和过渡句To solve this problem, we should do as follows的使用使文章叙述更合理，行文更连贯，逻辑更严密。
4．防微点失分
考生容易把“rather than writing on the paper”中的writing误用成write，或把“Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students.”中的beneficial误用成benefit，从而导致失分。
学案(一)　重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The hurricane (飓风) is moving to the west at about 18 miles per hour.
2．Wear your safety helmet (头盔) when you go down. Don't take any chances.
3．She gave me a diagram (图表) of railway network.
4．The violent eruption of volcano (火山) sometimes makes many people lose their lives.
5．They walked alongside (沿着……的边) the road, talking happily.
6.Once more people are wired, the potential (潜能) to change the mainstream media will be huge.
7．Social life is the fountain (源泉) of wisdom of writers.
8．The whole house trembled (摇晃) when the train went by.
9．The long climb made us sweat (流汗)．
10．He made that mistake unconsciously (未觉察), which made him upset.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1.When I found out, I wanted to give him a boot up the backside. 踢
2.The windows fogged immediately. 起雾
3．The book documents the post war Chinese experience. 记录
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen trembling alongside the road. 在……旁边
5．①A few tender shoots had started to appear. 幼芽
②The film was shot in Prague. 拍摄
6.(熟词生义)I sweated night and day to get it done on time. 艰苦努力
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．A man in the river was shouting and waving (wave) his arms around desperately.
2.Another group began removing seats and other theater equipment (equip) in preparation for the building's end.
3．Just as is known to all, everything is not absolutely (absolute) right.
4．An appreciation (appreciate) of art will enrich your life.
5．The eruption (erupt) of a volcano is spontaneous.
6．Evaluation (evaluate) is standard practice for all training arranged through the school.
7．Actually (actual), I'm busy at the moment ─ can I call you back
8．Helen is a very well known novelist (novel) in Australia.
9．It was now the middle of November, cold and often foggy (fog)．
10．His object is to gather as great a diversity(diverse) of material as possible.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)have the potential to do sth.“有潜力做某事”。
(2)boot n．靴子，也可用作动词，意为“踢”。
(3)fog n．雾；烟雾，用作动词时意为“起雾”。
(4)sweat 常用作名词形式，意为“汗水”，用作动词时意为“艰苦努力”。
(5)equipment通常用作不可数名词；“一件设备”应表达为“a piece of equipment”。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．appoint
[明其义]
vt.任命；委派；约定
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Yesterday, Sam was appointed as manager of the engineering department.
②You can put the books in the appointed (appoint) place, and other participants can have free access to them.
③(2018·北京高考)—Good morning, Mr.Lee's office.
—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment (appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
④He was appointed to solve (solve) the problem of environmental pollution.
(2)补全句子
⑤A punctual person is in the habit of keeping an appointment and never breaks an appointment.
一个守时的人有守约的习惯，从不违约。
2．suit
[明其义]
n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am very suited (suit) for this job.
③(2019·江苏高考书面表达)Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable (suit)．
④You will complete at least one manuscript (手稿) suitable to hand (hand) in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.
⑤(2020·江苏高考)If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that suits (suit) everyone.
(2)一句多译
他不适合这份工作，两周后就离职了。
⑥He wasn't suited for the job and left after two weeks.(suited)
⑦The job wasn't suitable for him and he left after two weeks.(suitable)
⑧The job didn't suit him and he left after two weeks.(suit)
(3)选词填空(suit/fit/match)
The hat doesn't ⑨suit her, for one thing it doesn't ⑩fit because of its size; for another its color doesn't match her charming face.
[解其困]
suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等； 而fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
3．anxious
[明其义]
adj.忧虑的；不安的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①The drought had lasted several months, which made farmers anxious (anxiety)．
②(2019·天津高考)She was anxious to know (know) what had happened.
③Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
④Anxiously (anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
(2)一句多译
我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。
⑤We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.
⑥We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.
4．panic
[明其义]
n．惊慌；恐慌vi.& vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌
[通其用]
单句语法填空
①Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.
②Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic.
③Hearing the gun, the deer was panicked (panic) into running straight for the headlights.
[解其困]
注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。
5．guarantee
[明其义]
vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①He guarantees to pay (pay) off his debts on time, no matter what happens.
②The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.
(2)补全句子
③Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time
你能向我保证这项工作会按时完成吗？
学案(二)　词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
compare with， be home to， burn to the ground， wave goodbye to， make one's way， have a gift for， glance through， vary from ...to ...
1．Compared with other European countries, lifestyle in Italy is slower and more relaxing in its own way.
2.Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
3.If the bottle of gas catches fire, the whole building may be burned to the ground.
4.My mother cried when I waved goodbye to her.
5．Look! Many children are making their way to the beach.
6．The manager was rushing to the airport so he glanced through the report the secretary had typed.
7.Though he is young, he has a gift for learning foreign languages.
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Typing patterns vary from person to person.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)be home to “是……的家园”，其中，home前无冠词，to是介词。
(2)burn to the ground“全部焚毁”，本短语中一定要有the。
(3)wave goodbye to sb.　　　　　 向某人挥手告别
向某人挥手
(4)have a gift for 有……的天赋
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．go through VS get through
比较 ①When you have finished your list of personal preferences, go through it again.②This morning I tried to telephone you but I couldn't get through.
辨清 (1)go through 通过；经历；仔细检查(2)get through 接通电话；做完；熬过
2．vary in VS vary with
比较 ①As in China, the climate in Canada varies with the area.②These toys vary in shape and color, attracting children's attention.
辨清 (1)vary in ... 在……(大小、形状等)上不同(2)vary with 随……变化/改变
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)独立主格结构
[通其用]
1．单句语法填空
①The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
②The task completed (complete), we had a global traveling.
③Such an able man to help (help) you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
2．补全句子
④Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
由于她的眼镜破了，她无法看清黑板上的字。
⑤Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
[解其困]
独立主格结构的常用形式：
(1)逻辑主语＋现在分词
(2)逻辑主语＋过去分词
(3)逻辑主语＋动词不定式
(4)逻辑主语＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
注意：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
(二)“It is said that ...”句式
[通其用]
1．句型转换
①It is said that the new mayor will come into power next month.
→The new mayor is said to come into power next month.
②It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide is said to be heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
③It is said that the early European playing cards were designed for entertainment and education.
→The early European playing cards are said to have been designed for entertainment and education.
2．补全句子
④It is said that the film can be more popular with the audience.
据说这部电影更受观众的欢迎。
⑤It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人们希望这种可怕的疾病能很快得到控制。
⑥It is believed that John will help us with some money.
大家都相信约翰会资助我们一些钱的。
[解其困]
(1)句式“It is said that ...＝Sb. is said to do sth.”，意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。在该句型中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。
(2)其他类似表达还有：
It is thought that ...　　　 据认为……
It is believed that ... 人们相信……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is well known that ... 众所周知……
学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2019浙江6月高考·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
精读真题——拓展语言能力　(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)．
[2]The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared① or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
[3]Many factors contributed to② the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted③ big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．
[4]But one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
[5]The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．
[6]Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up④ water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.,
［析微点·厚积语言基础］
①微积累——熟词生义：spare
adj.空闲的；闲置的；备用的
v．留出；拔出；省出 (熟义)
v．幸免；使逃脱 (生义)
②通多义——contribute to
促进；有助于；撰稿；捐献
③微点拨——名词动用：target
n．　　目标；指标
v. 把……作为攻击目标
通句式——句子(1)中“in comparing ...2010”为介词短语作状语，that引导定语从句修饰先行词“a widespread death of big trees”。
④微积累——drive短语
drive up　　抬高，使上升
drive down 压低；使下跌
drive away 驱车离开；赶跑
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意　
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
27．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The seriousness of big tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The number of trees ...declined by 50 percent ... more than 55 percent ...75 percent.”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加利福尼亚州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A。
28．Which of the following is well intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control ...compete with big trees for resources (资源)．”可知，声势浩大的野外火灾控制措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树竞争资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D。
29．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A．Inadequate snowmelt.　　 B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C。
30．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
解析：选A　标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第30题主要考查学生的概括性思维。如果只看到砍伐树木，那就只看到了局部信息，而掉入命题人故意设置的陷阱，误选B项。应结合第一段的主题句以及整篇文章的综合叙述，加以概括可知，文章第一段就点出主题，后面各段具体分析了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象以及原因，故选A。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象及其原因，旨在引导学生了解社会发展不能违背自然规律。自然和人类社会的关系就恰如水与舟的关系，二者关系处理的好坏直接关系到整个人类社会的可持续发展。选文切合现实，对于提高人们的环保意识具有促进作用。
借力真题——发掘学习能力　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The money is intended for the development (develop) of the tourist industry.
2．He peered slowly around the small crowded (crowd) room.
3．The company suffered (suffer) huge losses in the last financial year.
4．To avoid dampness (damp)，we should air the room regularly.
5．These trees had suffered the greatest water shortage (short)．
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．I believe that each of us can contribute to (做贡献) the future of the world.
2．In comparison with/Compared with (与……相比) the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.
3．The rise of wages drove up (抬高) the costs of production, leading to higher prices.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．
[句式解构]　本句是一个含有一个定语从句和两个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是The researchers，谓语动词是 figured out。其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“a computer model”，在此从句中，第一个how much引导的从句作calculate的宾语；第二个how much引导的从句作in comparison with的宾语。现在分词短语“taking into account ...”作伴随状语。
[句意翻译]　研究人员利用计算机模型计算出树木用水的压力，该模型计算出了树木获得的水量与它们所需的水量进行比较，并将降雨量、气温、土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素考虑在内。
2．Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
[句式解构]　本句是一个含有两个定语从句的主从复合句。句子的主干是the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures and earlier snowmelt，主句的主语是the biggest factors，谓语动词是 have been rising。其中driving up water stress in the state为现在分词短语作定语修饰the biggest factors；第一个which引导的定语从句修饰先行词rising temperatures；第二个which引导的定语从句修饰先行词earlier snowmelt。
[句意翻译]　McIntyre说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州水资源紧张的最大因素是气温升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及过早的融雪减少了树木在旱季的水资源供应。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
假定你是李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。
参考词汇：地球日Earth Day
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Actions for a Greener Earth
　
　
　
　
　
　
参考范文：
Actions for a Greener Earth
A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles，and turned those into dolls，handbags and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our ideas and experience with all the students of our school.
We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
课下主题训练人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①inject　　　　 □　　　 ②sandstorm　　 □
③drought □ ④landslide □
⑤slippery □ ⑥crack □
⑦predict □ ⑧extinct □
⑨occur □ ⑩distribute □
terrible □ shortage □
challenge □ irreversible □
frighten □ decoration □
strike □ issue □
layer □ warning □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
slippery，layer，issue，shortage，irreversible，extinct，crack，sandstorm， drought， landslide
1．The frozen snow was so slippery that it was hard to keep one's feet.
2．The branches are weighed down by a heavy layer of snow.
3．We saw several extinct volcanoes on our trip to Japan.
4．Researchers found an almost total crop failure and a severe shortage of drinking water.
5．This is a big issue: we need more time to think about it.
6．A sandstorm is a strong wind in a desert area, which carries sand through the air.
7．Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests.
8．The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The Red Cross organized the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing in the disaster area.
2．His son was injected (inject) with strong drugs.
3．Why not just change your artwork to prevent this problem from occurring (occur)．
4．It is impossible to predict (predict) what will happen.
5．Hundreds of rescue workers are being sent to the stricken (strike) area.
6．She was terribly (terrible) hurt when it happened.
7．When you were a child, were you frightened (frighten) of the dark
8．The minister gave a warning (warn) that war might break out.
9．I'm ready to do all those things which are more challenging(challenge)．
10．It doesn't actually do anything, and it's just there for decoration (decorate)．
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It took me a moment to realize what had happened. Three days had passed and Rita seemed to get weaker and weaker. The rain had stopped. However, the sky was still cloudy, and it was so dark that I couldn't see the buildings even across the road. I took a pressure reading from the weather station：947mb, which let me know exactly where I was — in the eye of the storm.
There were rains and winds still, but not oppressive (难以忍受的) anymore. There was still no power, hot water or food. Besides, I didn't sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed since the weather report said Rita was leaving. What's more, I was luckier than those people who had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.
As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less severe. I arrived in Houston after a tricky journey with my fuel supplies almost all gone. However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol. He helped me and we shared our working experience these days. With a complete stroke of luck I found a run down hotel that allowed me to have a room overnight before the midnight. Although there was no running water, no power and no air conditioning, I curled up into a corner and fell asleep quickly.
I woke up the next morning, and what a change! The sky was blue and cars were moving around. Sirens could be heard as convoys (护航队) of emergency managements started to head west towards where I had come from. “The storm had stopped and I could go home. I gave all my remaining supplies to other people at the hotel and headed towards the airport. Houston Airport was not damaged, so I took my flight and drank my first hot drink in four days.”
All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although it's dangerous, I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.
语篇解读：本文描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴丽塔，他对自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感到非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作。
1．We can know from the passage that “Rita” is .
A．a pet　　　　　　　　　　 B．a storm
C．a friend of the author D．a citizen in Houston
解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句可知，天气预报报道丽塔正在离开，但它让许多人失去了家园，甚至是生命。结合第一段最后一句可知，“Rita”是一场风暴，故选B项。
2．What can we infer from the passage
A．The author was a storm chaser.
B．The storm lasted for at least a week.
C．The author didn't like Houston at all.
D．Houston was very badly damaged by the storm.
解析：选A　推理判断题。由第三段第三句可知，作者也是一位风暴追逐者，故选A项。
3．How did the author probably feel after the storm
A．Anxious. B．Disappointed.
C．Satisfied. D．Scared.
解析：选C　细节理解题。由文章最后一段第一句可知，经历这次风暴之后，作者感觉很满意，故选C项。
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Ways to survive in a storm.
B．The weather changes in Houston.
C．The author's experience in the storm.
D．Damages caused by the storm in Houston.
解析：选C　主旨大意题。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴丽塔，他对自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴感到非常骄傲。故选C项。
B
A sandstorm refers to a high amount of wind occurring in sandy areas, usually in deserts, where the wind speed is able to lift the top layer of sand from the ground, and push it in every direction. The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m — 15.24m.
It is very dangerous to experience a sandstorm. Sand can get into the nose, eyes, mouth and lungs. If you happen to be caught in a sandstorm, you must protect yourself by wearing masks, scarves and so on.
If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road, since it's difficult to continue driving. This is also important since vehicles can fail in during sandstorms and you could end up stuck on the road.
Most sandstorms occur in spring, and during the daytime. Many of the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Sahara Desert are associated with the most serious storms. Since it's a natural phenomenon, it can't be entirely controlled. In areas that are natural desert regions, you can't always prevent a sandstorm. There's much evidence that the planet Mars has dust storms, and clearly, no human intervention (介入) is responsible for such.Though it can move whole sand dunes and destroy crops, a sandstorm is not without benefit.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了沙尘暴常发生的时间、地点和基本状况以及如何在沙尘暴中自我保护的一些建议。
5．According to the passage, the sand involved in the sandstorm can reach at most meters.
A．3.50　　　　　　　　　 B．15.24
C．3.05 D．15.42
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m — 15.24m.”可知，在沙尘暴中，沙子可以达到的高度在3.05米到15.24米之间，故B项正确。
6．If you're driving in a sandstorm, you'd better .
A．stop your car in the middle of the road
B．continue to make your way
C．stop and ask for help
D．stop your car on the side of the road
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road”可知，如果你开车时遇到沙尘暴，你最好把车停在路边，pull off the road“把车停在路边”。故选D项。
7．The underlined sentence shows that, anyway, sandstorms are .
A．useful B．useless
C．harmful D．powerful
解析：选A　推理判断题。画线句表明，虽然沙尘暴能移动沙丘并毁坏农作物，但它不是毫无益处的。注意“a sandstorm is not without benefit”表示“不无裨益”，是双重否定表示肯定意义。故选A项。
8．According to the writer, a sandstorm .
A．is the result of human activities
B．can be prevented
C．can't completely disappear on the earth
D．can't be forecast
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为沙尘暴是一种自然现象，不能完全被控制，也就不会完全消失，并且它也不是人为的后果。由此可知选C项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Tropical Cyclones
Have you ever seen a TV weatherperson pointing to a large, white spiral of storm clouds spinning over the Earth on the video screen If so, then you've gotten a small look at what the most powerful storm in the world looks like — a tropical cyclone (热带气旋)．
1 The warm air at the equator (赤道) rises into the atmosphere, cools off, and then sinks back down. As this cycle repeats itself over and over again, the storm begins to grow and the winds around the storm begin to move faster.
Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in the world, it is called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone. If tropical cyclones move over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, they're called typhoons. 2 In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, they're called cyclones.
The center of a tropical cyclone is called the “eye”. 3 Most of the strong winds do not reach the eye of the storm, so it is the calmest part.
4 A tropical cyclone that is rated a Category 1 is the weakest; it is still dangerous, but the winds are not as high. A Category 5 tropical cyclone is the strongest; this type of storm can cause catastrophic damage.
Once these tropical cyclones come onto land, they no longer have the warm ocean water they need to grow larger and consequently become weaker. This doesn't stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away. 5
A．They still may produce strong rain and even tornadoes.
B．Tropical cyclones are categorised based on their strength.
C．They withdraw as quickly as they arrive and leave the land untouched.
D．The rest of the storm moves in a circle around the eye at incredibly high speed.
E．Tropical storms with wind speeds that reach 74 miles per hour are called hurricanes.
F．Tropical cyclones start as tropical storms that form in warm ocean waters near the equator.
G．Such storms moving over the northeastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean are termed hurricanes.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了热带气旋的形成、名称、级别等相关内容。
1．选F　根据空后内容可知，本段介绍热带气旋是如何形成的，且F项中的“near the equator”与空后一句中的“The warm air at the equator (赤道)”形成呼应，所以选F项。
2．选G　根据段首句可知，本段主要介绍产生于不同地区的热带气旋有不同的名称，再结合空前一句中的“they're called typhoons”和空后一句中的“they're called cyclones”可知，空处应是介绍在什么地区产生的热带气旋称作飓风，所以选G项。
3．选D　根据语境可知，D项中的“around the eye”与空前一句“The center of a tropical cyclone is called the ‘eye’”呼应，此处应是介绍风眼周围的状况，所以选D项。
4．选B　本空是段首句。根据本段的关键词“Category”可推知，本段主要介绍热带气旋的级别，故B项符合题意。
5．选A　根据空前一句可知，已经减弱的热带气旋仍然会有很大的破坏性，空处应是进一步介绍热带气旋带来的影响，故A项“它们仍然可能产生强降雨甚至龙卷风”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
China's research icebreaker (破冰船) Xuelong, 1 126 crew members aboard on the 35th Antarctic research mission, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on 2 (it) way back to China.
Snow Eagle 601, China's first fixed wing aircraft for polar flight, on Thursday night also departed from the Antarctic after 3 (complete) all assignments.
Xuelong, 4 arrived near Zhongshan on February 9, supplied the station with fuel oil, and then picked up summer expedition team members at the Kunlun, Taishan and Zhongshan stations, as well as 5 (member) of the fixed wing aircraft project.
Sixteen members of the Kunlun team 6 (previous) completed all scientific expeditions at Dome Argus (Dome A), the South Pole's highest ice cap. They, together with 21 members of the Taishan team, 7 (return) to Zhongshan on February 8.
The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding 8 (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed wing aircraft.
As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left, 19 members would stay for winter expeditions.
Also 9 (know) as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on November 2 last year, beginning 10 country's 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected to arrive in Shanghai in mid March.
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了“雪龙号”科考船在南极的科考经历。
1．with　此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构作伴随状语，故填with。
2．its　修饰名词way应用形容词性物主代词，on one's way back为固定搭配，意为“在某人/物返回的路上”，故填its。
3．completing　after在此处为介词，后接动名词作介词的宾语。故填completing。
4．which　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，Xuelong为先行词，指物，故填which。
5．members　member为可数名词，前面无限定词，应用复数形式，而且队员一般是多于一个，故填members。
6．previously　修饰动词completed应用副词形式。故填previously。
7．returned　分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语，由时间状语“on February 8”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填returned。
8．observation　设空处作介词including的宾语，应用名词。故填observation。
9．known　be known as为固定搭配，意为“作为……而闻名”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。故填known。
10．the　此处特指“该国的第三十五次南极考察”。故填the。
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