(共75张PPT)
m
把握主题
Para. 1: Festival 1 Para. 2: Festival 2
Paras 3-4: Festival 3
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界各地跟食物
Stilton cheese
Fiery Foods Festival-The
La tomatina—The
有关的节日。你想知道它们都是些什么样的有趣
Rollin
Hottest festival on earth
Worlds biggest Food
节日吗 快来读一下吧!Unit 1 Festivals around the world
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．beauty n． 美；美人
2．ancestor n. 祖先；祖宗
3．feast n. 节日；盛宴
4．bone n. 骨；骨头
5．carnival n. 狂欢节；(四旬斋前的)饮宴狂欢；嘉年华(会)
6．parade n. 游行；阅兵；检阅
7．worldwide adj. 遍及全世界的；世界性的
8．parking n. (汽车等)停放
9．wipe vt. 擦；揩；擦去
10．weave vt.& vi. 编织；(使)迂回前进
11．herd n. 牧群；兽群
12．weep vi. 哭泣；流泪
n. 哭；哭泣
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．belief n. 信任；信心；信仰
2．trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门
vt. 欺骗；诈骗
3．gain vt. 获得；得到
4．gather vt.& vi. 搜集；集合；聚集
5．award n. 奖；奖品
vt. 授予；判定
6．clothing n. 衣服
7．custom n. 习惯；风俗
8．fool n. 愚人；白痴；受骗者
vt. 愚弄；欺骗
vi. 干傻事；开玩笑
adj. 傻的
9．obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的
10．forgive vt. 原谅；饶恕
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．remind vt.提醒；使想起→reminder n．起提醒作用的东西
2．arrive vi.到达→arrival n．到来；到达；到达者
3．independent adj.独立的；自主的→independence n．独立；自主
4．permit vt.允许n.许可证；执照→permission n．许可；允许
5．apology n．道歉→apologize vi.道歉；辩白
6．origin n．起源；由来；起因→original adj.原来的→originally adv.原先
7．starve vi.& vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死→starvation n．饿死
8．celebrate v．庆祝；祝贺→celebration n．庆祝；祝贺
9．energy n．能量；精力→energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的
10．sad adj.悲伤的→sadly adv.伤心地；悲伤地→sadness n．悲哀；悲伤
11．agriculture n．农业；农艺；农学→agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的
12．admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admiration n．敬佩；钦佩；羡慕
[语境活用]
1．Even if you have a permit, I won't permit you to enter the hall without my permission.(permit)
2．They are celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival and many people are joining in the celebration.(celebrate)
3．The young man kept apologizing to his girlfriend for his being late, but she refused to accept his apology.(apologize)
4．The old temple has kept many of its original features, which tells us the origin of the legend.Originally, people knew little about it, but now it becomes very famous.(origin)
5．The moment I saw the scientist admired by everyone, words failed to express my admiration.(admire)
6．Della's eyes were full of sadness at the sad news and she looked sadly at her husband.(sad)
7．After three days without food, the men were close to starvation.If we had come later, they would have starved to death.(starve)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．gain vt.获得；得到n.获利；利益
背词条用法 (1)gain sth. by/from ... 从……中获得某物gain other's respect/trust 获得别人的尊敬/信任(2)No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。
背写作佳句 ①I gained a lot from my former experiences. 我从以前的经历中受益匪浅。②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)He gained others' respect for his hard work as a gate guard in our community during the epidemic of COVID 19. 在新冠肺炎流行期间，他作为我们社区的门卫，辛勤工作，赢得了别人的尊重。
2．admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕；欣赏；观赏
背词条用法 (1)admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩某人(2)with/in admiration 钦佩地express/have admiration for sb./sth. 表达对某人/物的羡慕/钦佩
背写作佳句 Many people admire the famous actor for his excellent performance, which they enjoy with/in admiration, and to express their admiration for him, some of them even email him frequently. 很多人因他出色的表演而钦佩这位名演员。他们带着钦佩之情欣赏他的表演。他们中的一些人为了表达对他的钦佩之情甚至经常给他发邮件。
3．apologize vi.道歉；辩白
背词条用法 (1)apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
背写作佳句 ①I am writing this letter to apologize to you for the mistake I made in the work. 我写这封信是对我在工作中所犯的错误向你道歉。②Have you made an apology to him for reading his letter without permission？你为没有他的允许就读了他的信而向他道歉吗？
4．remind vt.提醒；使想起
背词条用法 remind sb. of (doing) sth.提醒某人(做)某事；使某人想起(做)某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事remind (sb.) that/how/what ... 提醒(某人)……
背写作佳句 ①What the teacher had said reminded me of the famous saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 老师说的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句著名的谚语。②Please remind me to write an e mail to my mother tomorrow, for it's her birthday. 请提醒我明天给我母亲写一封电子邮件，因为明天是她的生日。
5．forgive vt.(forgave, forgiven) 原谅；饶恕；宽恕；免除(债务)
背词条用法 forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事forgive one's doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事forgive and forget 既往不咎
背写作佳句 ①Forgive others, and you will be forgiven. 宽恕别人，你就会被宽恕。②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Although Chinese family will forgive you for your being late, I suggest you should arrive on time. 虽然中国家庭会原谅你迟到，但我建议你应准时到达。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．take place 发生
2．in memory of 纪念；追念
3．dress up 穿上盛装；打扮；装饰
4．play a trick on 搞恶作剧；开玩笑；诈骗
5．look forward to 期望；期待；盼望
6．day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天
7．turn up 出现；到场
8．keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言
9．hold one's breath 屏息；屏气
10．have fun with 玩得开心
11．set off 出发；动身；使爆炸
12．remind ...of ... 使……想起……
重点短语拓展用活
1．in memory of纪念；追念
背相关短语 in favour of 支持；赞同；对某人有利in the face of 面临；面对in honour of 为纪念……；为了向……表示敬意in charge of 负责；掌管in search of 寻找in celebration of 为了庆祝……
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)We held a series of activities in memory of the doctors who gave their lives to the country. 我们举行了一系列的活动来纪念那些为了国家而献出生命的医生。②The manager in charge of the factory is highly thought of. 负责这家工厂的经理受到高度评价。
2．look forward to期望；期待；盼望
背相关短语 look back (on) 回忆；回顾 look down on/upon 轻视；瞧不起look into 调查；向……里看look up to 尊敬；敬仰
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I hope you can give us some good advice. Looking forward to your early reply. 我希望你能给我们一些好的建议。期待你的早日答复。②As I saw the old photo, I always looked back on the scene where we had met. 当我看到这张旧照片时，我总是回想起我们相遇的场景。
3．set off出发；动身；使爆炸；引起
背相关短语 set about (doing) 着手/开始(做)……set out (to do) 动身；出发；开始(做)……set down 写下；记下set up 建立；安排；搭起
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We set off early to take part in a picking activity on a farm last weekend. 上周末我们很早就动身去参加农场的采摘活动。②He set out to paint/set about painting the whole house but finished only the front. 他着手粉刷整间房子，但仅仅完成了前面的部分。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. (主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬天，人们就会挨饿。
佳句① (2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As far as I'm concerned, the knowledge of Chinese paintings is easy to master. 就我个人而言，掌握中国绘画知识很容易。
佳句② I like getting up early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe. 在夏季我喜欢早点起床。早上的空气呼吸起来真好。
2．It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...(It＋be＋adj.＋that ..., it为形式主语)
很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开……
佳句① It is clear that some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.显然，网上的一些汉语口语课程有助于你适应汉语环境。
佳句② It is obvious that we should cooperate with each other and make full preparations for the competition. 很明显，我们应该互相合作，为比赛做好充分的准备。
3．While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句)
当她在人间时，她遇到了牛郎，然后两人相爱了。
佳句① While the students and teachers were watching the video，they were greatly touched. 师生们观看视频时感动不已。
佳句② (2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)While I am standing in front of the stadium, I am greatly excited. 当我站在体育馆前的时候，我非常激动。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．In addition, you will have a chance to learn how to make dumplings, which is a typical Chinese custom, where I believe you are sure to have great fun.
此外，你们将有机会学习如何包饺子，这是中国典型的习俗，我相信你一定会从中感受到很多快乐。
2．As Teachers' Day is drawing near, some of my classmates and I had a group meeting, where we held a heated discussion on how to celebrate it.
随着教师节的临近，我和班里的一些同学开了一个小组会议，就如何庆祝教师节进行了热烈的讨论。
3．The Mid Autumn Festival, which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, is a festival with a history of about 2,000 years.
中秋节是在每年的农历八月十五日，是一个有着大约2 000年的历史的节日。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——申请信(三)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你报名参加的国际英语暑假训练营拟将增设以下课程：cooking，swimming，giving first aid，playing football/basketball。请你写一封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习，内容包括：
1．你感兴趣的一门课程；
2．为什么想学这门课程；
3．你期望从中学到什么。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a member of the summer camp. I'm glad to learn that the camp will start a variety of optional courses, of which I'm interested in giving first aid. I'm writing to sign up for it.
I choose to attend the course due to the fact that first aid is of great importance to people. If a person gets injured and needs medical care before a doctor can be called in, every second counts in saving life, in which case the knowledge of first aid can make a big difference. Besides, personally, I plan to study medicine and devote my life to medical research. Hopefully, the course will help me to learn about how to deal with medical emergencies.
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：sign up for, due to, be of great importance, get injured, make a big difference, devote one's life to等，为文章增加了提分点。
(2)准确使用高级句式，如：非限制性定语从句of which I'm interested in ...和in which case the knowledge of first aid can ...；同位语从句the fact that first aid is of great importance to people；条件状语从句If a person gets injured ...；时间状语从句before a doctor can be called in；“疑问词＋不定式”结构how to deal with medical emergencies；it作形式宾语I would appreciate it if ...等，增加了文章句式表达的多样性，使表达更丰富。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾使用I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.一句表达了自己被考虑的愿望，简洁明了，非常实用。
3．防微点失分
考生容易把“I'm glad to learn that the camp will start a variety of optional courses”中的courses误用成course，或把“I choose to attend the course due to the fact that first aid is of great importance to people.”中的due前误加上is，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He was awarded (授予) the first prize in the competition.
2．The people gathered (聚集) round, curious to know what was happening.
3．I'm more than delighted to receive your letter, asking about what customs (风俗) you should pay attention to when visiting a friend.
4．It is obvious (显而易见的) that I wouldn't have achieved my goal without your timely help.
5．As a matter of fact, more and more people have much belief (信任) in traditional Chinese medicine.
6．The boy fooled (愚弄，欺骗) her into believing what he said just now.
7．The manager will interview the candidates in order of arrival(到达).
8．I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a simple trick (诡计)．
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．(2020·天津5月高考)With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life. 祖先
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. 时尚
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. 开花
4．It looked like a beautiful woven blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
编织的
5．(熟词生义)Believe it or not, I'll forgive you the debt. 免除
6．(熟词生义)The one night long sound sleep gained Jane back her energy and hope.
恢复
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Not having accepted the invitation to the party, little Tom wept (weep) yesterday.
2.When the five survivors eventually reached the destination safely, they almost starved to death.
3．Above all, learn to be confident and independent (independence), and you will surely earn respect.
4．I find that doing physical exercise a couple of times a week makes me feel more energetic (energy)．
5．In my hometown, there is a tradition that we will hold a celebration (celebrate) party when we enter a higher school.
6.He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was rich.
7．Be careful when crossing the bridge, or you will fall into the water and get drowned (drown)．
8．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a belief (believe) that populations are increasing.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．下周举行的大会是为了纪念他们的祖先100多年前来到这个村庄。(ancestor, arrival)
The meeting that will take place next week is in memory of their ancestors' arrival at the village over one hundred years ago.
2．显而易见，手机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。(obvious)
It is obvious that smartphones play an important role in our daily life.
3．因挽救了那位女士的生命，男孩被授予了奖章，他感到很自豪。(award v．)
The boy was awarded a medal for his saving the woman's life and felt very proud.
4．我不鼓励人们未经允许就拍摄这样的照片，但根据法律我们可以刊登。(permission)
I don't encourage people to take photographs like this without permission, but by law we can publish.
5．很多想减肥并使自己充满活力的女士都加入了这个班。(energetic)
Many ladies who want to lose weight and make themselves energetic joined the class.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)weep：现在分词 weeping; 过去式 wept; 过去分词 wept。
(2)starve to death 为固定搭配，意为“饿死”。
(3)trick sb. into doing sth.意为“哄骗某人做某事”。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．gain
[明其义]
vt.获得；得到 n．获利；利益
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空/猜测加黑词块的含义
①To gain (gain) a deeper understanding of politics for his writing, he took a one year job in the city government.
②He has gained rich experience from his part time job in these years.
③We should bear in mind the famous saying that no pains, no gains (gain)．
④Argentina gained independence from Spain in 1810 and its official language is Spanish.获得独立
(2)补全句子
⑤If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
如果我们到国外旅行，我们可以拓宽视野，获得书本上得不到的知识。
[解其困]
在名言“不劳无获”中“pain, gain”常用复数形式。
2．admire
[明其义]
vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕；欣赏；观赏
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①We admire the old scientist for his great contributions to the country.
②During the Mid Autumn Festival，people get together，admiring (admire) the moon and enjoying mooncakes.
③I'd like to express my admiration (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters.
(2)补全句子
④When it comes to famous figures in Chinese history，I admire Zhang Qian very much.
说到中国历史上的著名人物，我非常佩服张骞。
[解其困]
“赏月”表达：①admire the moon ②enjoy the moon
3．apologize
[明其义]
vi.道歉；辩白
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空/同义句转换
①The headmaster demanded that you should apologize to her for your rudeness immediately.
②The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologize to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.
→The teacher recommended her to make an apology to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.
(2)补全句子
③We've discovered who the thief was, and it seems we owe you an apology.
我们已经发现小偷是谁了，看起来我们该向你道歉。
[解其困]
牢记apologize为不及物动词，“为某事向某人道歉”应用apologize/make an apology to sb. for sth.，不要忘记to。
4．remind
[明其义]
vt.提醒；使想起
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①You must remind him to take (take) his medicine in case he forgets.
②I'll just call Sylvia to remind (remind) her that we are meeting at 8 o'clock.
③Reminded (remind) not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is dangerous.
(2)补全句子
④The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and your preference for diet and remind you of suitable ways to exercise.
这个结果有助于你预测一些重大疾病和食物偏好，并提醒你合适的锻炼方式。
[解其困]
常见的“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”短语还有：
①cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病
②accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
③rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
④inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
⑤convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
5．forgive
[明其义]
vt.原谅；饶恕；免除(债务)
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①Being forgiven (forgive) for the past is the most precious gift we can receive.
②Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don't agree with that.
③As is known to us, forgive and forget is a virtue, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 既往不咎
(2)补全句子
④Please forgive me for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore.
请原谅我不能陪你去书店。
[解其困]
(1)forgive 的过去式和过去分词分别为：forgave; forgiven。
(2)表示“原谅某人(做)某事”的短语还有：
pardon/excuse sb. for (doing) sth.等。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
turn up， play a trick on， take place， dress up， keep one's word， look forward to， day and night， set off
1．If they don't give us a treat, we can play a trick on them.
2.When the sports hero turned up at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
3.We're looking forward to seeing the new policy carried out，which has drawn many people's attention.
4.Great changes have taken place recently in this mountain area in the past few years.
5．In order to get ready for the examination, the students are studying day and night.
6．You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his word.
7．It's a small informal party, so you don't have to dress up.
8．We set off at dawn so that we could get to the coast before lunch time.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)turn up此处意为“出现；到场”。
(2)look forward to 中to是介词，后跟动词时，要用动名词形式。
(3)take place 意思和用法都类似于 happen，是一个不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．take the place of VS in place of
比较 ①It would be difficult to find a man to take the place of him. ②Our monitor is away. I will go to the meeting in place of him.
辨清 (1)in place of sb.＝ in one's place 意为“代替某人；顶替某人”。 (2)take the place of意为“代替；接替”。
2．turn up VS turn out VS turn to VS turn down
比较 ①She turned up the radio when she heard her favorite song. ②They turn to you because they trust you. ③Supposing I turn down your offer, would you feel disappointed ④Some all A students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected.
辨清 turn up 出现；到场；调高(声音) turn out 结果是turn to 转向；求助于turn down 调低；拒绝
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中set off的含义)
①(2018·浙江11月高考)This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents' homes, sleep away camps and lifeguard stands. 出发
②The slightest spark can set off the explosives stored here. 使爆炸
③If uncontrolled, the shortage would set off a new rise in meat prices. 引起
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)It＋be＋adj.＋that ..., it为形式主语
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
据报道，气温将在一两天内急剧下降。
②It's a pity that you've missed such a good chance to improve your spoken English.
很遗憾你错过了一个提高英语口语的好机会。
③I'm very delighted to know that you're going to visit a Chinese family.It's necessary that you should know about Chinese table manners.
我很高兴知道你要去拜访一个中国家庭。你有必要了解中国的餐桌礼仪。
2．一句多译
显而易见， 为了提高工作效率，你应该有充足的睡眠。
④It is obvious that you should have enough sleep to improve your work efficiency.
⑤Obviously, you should have enough sleep to improve your work efficiency.
[解其困]
it作形式主语的句型：
(1)It be＋形容词(possible, obvious, important ...)＋that从句
(2)It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported ...)＋that从句
(3)It＋不及物动词(seem, occur, happen ...)＋that从句
(4)It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, an idea, no wonder ...)＋that从句
(二)while引导的状语从句
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①While I was looking through the news online, up came a video of a lovely bear.
当我在网上浏览新闻时，一个可爱小熊的视频出现了。
②While traveling can broaden your mind, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱不是一个好主意。
③(2019·江苏高考书面表达)Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su Hua prefers the school uniform.
李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华则更喜欢校服。
2．翻译句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)虽然我是一名交换生，但是我精通英语，了解中国文化。
While I am an exchange student, I have a good command of English and know about Chinese culture.
[解其困]
while的用法：
(1)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
(2)while用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比，意为“然而；可是”。
(3)while引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)，意为“虽然；尽管”。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2015福建高考·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：不同民族文化习俗与传统节日
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
[1]May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50 metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道)．Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably① the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on Earth
[2]Every year more than 10,000 people head② for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest③ pepper in the world — or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure — if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!
La Tomatina — The World's Biggest Food Fight
[3]On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Buol hosts La Tomatina — the world's largest food fight. A week long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight④ of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes — official fight starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.
[4]The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again — and for a much needed wash！,
微点拨——注意文章的主副标题。有些文章通过标题可快速得出文章大意，标题本身就是核心词。
微技法——应用文中细节理解题可用关键词定位法解题：
根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。第56、59题可以按此解题方法解题。
①构词法——understand的派生词
understand v．理解
understandable adj.可以理解的
understandably adv.可以理解地
②微点拨——名词动用：head
n．头；头部；头脑
v．朝(某方向)行进
head for前往；出发
③微积累——熟词生义：hot
adj.热的；炎热的(熟义)
adj.辣的；辛辣的(生义)
④微积累——highlight
n．最精彩的部分
v．突出；强调；使显著
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
56．In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must .
A．wear various formal clothes
B．roll a wooden cheese in their own lane
C．kick or throw their cheese
D．use a real cheese weighing about four kilos
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“On the way, they must not ... go into their competitors' lane (赛道)．”和“the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones”可知答案为B项。
57．Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held
A．In New Mexico. B．In the Caribbean.
C．In Australia. D．In China.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.”和“Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival ...”可知答案为A项。
58．The celebration of La Tomatina lasts .
A．three days B．seven days
C．less than three days D．more than seven days
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A week long celebration ...”可知，La Tomatina的庆祝持续一周。故答案为B项。
59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B．More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C．Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D．An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“... or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.”可知，你可以品尝展出的上千种食物。故答案为C项。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第59题主要考查学生的跨跃性思维。解答该题时，首先把选项A的信息定位在第一段第四句，把选项B的信息定位在第二段第一句，把选项C的信息定位在第二段的倒数第二句；把选项D的信息定位在第三段第二句。故答案选C项。学生需要把这些信息进行跨跃性阅读并与原文内容比较后做出判断，问题就能迎刃而解。一些考生由于缺乏跨跃性思维能力，无法把四个选项中的信息读完就做出判断而导致错选。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国、新墨西哥以及西班牙的与美食有关的传统节日，旨在让学生了解不同文化背景下形成的不同民族的节日、风俗习惯及其内涵和意义。不同民族有不同的节日，但是不同的节日却反映了人们共同的美好愿望和追求。节日是一个国家或民族在漫长的历史过程中形成和发展的文化现象，大多富有趣味性和人文性，有着深刻的精神内涵。学习不同国家和民族的节日，不仅能开阔学生的视野，增加文化积累，促进语言表达，同时还能增强学生的文化认同感，充分认识文化差异，培养学生的跨文化交际意识和能力，增进国际理解。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is traditional (tradition) in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
2．The old couple held a party in celebration (celebrate) of their fiftieth wedding anniversary.
3．I was really embarrassed, but then I saw the funny (fun) side of it.
4. They waited and waited for something exciting (excite) to happen.
5．The large stone weighs (weigh) nearly 27 kilos.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．I quickly moved my chair back and headed for(前往) the shower.
2．A variety of (各种各样的) heavy industries grew up alongside the port.
3．The girl dressed in red (穿红色衣服的) won the first prize in writing last month.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water.
[句式解构] 本句是一个并列复合句。第一个主句的主语是They，谓语动词是come from。第二个主句的主语是They，谓语动词是share。其中第一个but连接其前后两个并列分句，but表示转折关系；第二个but连接的是破折号后that引导的定语从句中的并列表语成分spicy和hot。
[句意翻译] 他们来自遥远的澳大利亚、加勒比地区和中国，但他们都有一个共同的嗜好——食物不仅辛辣，而且辣得足以让你口干舌燥、头晕目眩、眼睛流泪。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
随着中国的传统美食越来越受欢迎，请写一篇小短文向外国友人介绍一种中国的传统美食。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Chinese dumpling, a traditional Chinese food, which is one of the most important foods in Chinese New Year, has become one of the most widely love foods in China. Since the shape of Chinese dumpling is similar to ancient Chinese gold or silver ingots, which symbolize wealth.Traditionally，the members of a family get together to make dumplings during the New Year's Eve.They may hide a coin in one of the dumplings. The person who finds the coin will likely have good fortune in the new year. Chinese dumpling is also popular in other Chinese holidays or festivals, so it is part of the Chinese traditional culture.
课下主题训练不同民族文化习俗与传统节日
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①decoration □ ②lantern □
③firework □ ④purchase □
⑤flame □ ⑥festival □
⑦candle □ ⑧celebration □
⑨feast □ ⑩shelf □
counter □ get together □
treat □ cater □
bargain □ consume □
afford □ occasion □
discount □ cash □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
bargain， get together， treat， afford， consume， shelf， counter， occasion， feast， flame
1．We often eat out and enjoy a feast or dinner of hundreds of dollars.
2．At every turn smoke and flame stopped efforts to get into the living room.
3．Just look at his usual behaviour and you can imagine how he will behave on such an occasion.
4．It's too much money, I can't afford to buy it for you.
5．Before he died he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol.
6．I asked the woman behind the counter if they had any postcards.
7．He bargained with the assistant, trying for buying this bicycle at a low price.
8．They usually go to restaurants when they treat others to dinner.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Special bus and rail services are being laid on to cater for the crowds.
2．These shirts are sold at a discount because some sizes are not available.
3．The farmers will be paid for their grain in cash.
4．We will have our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration (decorate) of the house is finished.
5．They held a party to celebrate their success and the celebration lasted about two hours.(celebrate)
6．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment (treat) sent by the government.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Live at Leeds Festival, United Kingdom
A weekend of indie music taking over Leeds for one day in May, Metronomy, Sundara Karma and Tom Grennan will headline, but there's a focus on the city's newer bands, with the festival aiming to bring new artists into the spotlight. Events take place across the city, with wristbands giving you access to all the places. And to go to this festival, you need to be over 14 years old.
Time：4 May
Midnight Sun Film Festival, Finland
Almost a hundred miles north of the Arctic Circle, Sodankyl is where Finnish film director brothers Aki and Mika Kaurism ki rock up every summer for their Midnight Sun Film Festival, a five day and night celebration of new cinema. A mix of silent films, contemporary Finnish ones, recent festival hits and box office classics are screened around the clock.
Time：12－16 June
Fuji Rock Festival, Japan
The first ever Fuji Rock Festival was held at the bottom of Mount Fuji back in 1997 and has brought in music and rock fans from all over the world. The festival is now held in the Naeba Ski Resort. The artists who perform aren't all rockers. Your wristband has to be checked at the entrance. We offer facilities for children, but they can't be left unaccompanied.
Time：26－28 July
The White Nights Festival, St. Petersburg, Russia
The White Nights Festival is held at the city's famous Mariinsky Theatre and shows some of the world's best opera and ballet. It's the best time to visit St. Petersburg because it's held during the magical summer period when there's almost 24 hours of sunlight a day.
Time：11 May－31 July
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个艺术类节日，包括英国的Live at Leeds音乐节、芬兰的午夜太阳电影节、日本的富士摇滚音乐节以及俄罗斯的白色夜晚节。
1．Which festival lasts the longest time
A．Live at Leeds Festival.
B．Midnight Sun Film Festival.
C．Fuji Rock Festival.
D．The White Nights Festival.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“lasts the longest time”定位至四个节日介绍的时间，由第一个节日介绍中的“Time：4 May”，第二个节日介绍中的“Time：12－16 June”，第三个节日介绍中的“Time：26－28 July”，第四个节日介绍中的“Time：11 May－31 July”可知，持续时间最长的是俄罗斯圣彼得堡的白色夜晚节，从五月十一日持续到七月三十一日，故D项正确。
2．Where will you enjoy a 24 hour movie activity
A．In Leeds, United Kingdom.
B．In Sodankyl ， Finland.
C．In the Naeba Ski Resort, Japan.
D．In St. Petersburg, Russia.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据Midnight Sun Film Festival, Finland部分中的“A mix of silent films ... are screened around the clock”，并结合该部分其他内容可知，在芬兰的Sodankyl 这个地方你能享受一个24小时的电影活动，故B项正确。
3．What do Live at Leeds Festival and Fuji Rock Festival have in common
A．They are of the same music style.
B．They focus on new artists.
C．They require entrance wristbands.
D．They have age limits.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Live at Leeds Festival, United Kingdom部分中的“Events take place across the city, with wristbands giving you access to all the places.”可知，英国的Live at Leeds音乐节入场需要带上腕带；根据Fuji Rock Festival, Japan部分中的“Your wristband has to be checked at the entrance.”可知，参加富士摇滚音乐节要在入口处检查腕带。据此可知，这两个节日的共同之处是观众需要带上腕带进场，故C项正确。
B
The traditional Chinese Longtaitou Festival, or Dragon Head Raising Festival, falls on the second day of the second lunar month every year, and recognizes the start of spring and farming.
Ancient people believed that after this day，rainfall increases because the rain bringing Dragon King has awakened from his winter sleep.A well known phrase goes, “Er yue er, long tai tou，”meaning, “On the second day of the second month, the dragon lifts his head.”
The festival celebrates ancient agrarian Chinese culture, and while some of traditional ways to celebrate it are no longer practiced, others continue to exist.
The most famous tradition is getting a haircut.Some believe that going to the barber on this day gets rid of bad luck, while others believe getting a haircut during the first month of the lunar calendar brings bad luck.Another saying warns that cutting your hair in the first month will cause your uncle to die.Although today few pay attention to it, it was once a tradition to line up outside barbershops on the day of Longtaitou.
People eat tofu balls in East China's Fujian Province during the festival, and often make tofu and vegetable balls to pray for family and business.Fried beans are the traditional festival food for people in parts of Shandong Province. Eating chengyao cakes, which are made with sticky rice, during the festival is a tradition in Suzhou, East China's Jiangsu Province, owing to the saying, “If you eat chengyao on Longtaitou, your waist won't hurt all year.” Meanwhile other foods, like noodles, dumplings, and spring rolls, are named after dragon body parts to mark the day.Noodles are dragon's beard (long xu), dumplings are dragon's ears (long er), and spring rolls are dragon's scales (long lin)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的传统节日——龙抬头，包括其文化和习俗等。
4．What did ancient people believe after Dragon Head Raising Festival
A．The dragon lifts his head.
B．There's more rainfall.
C．The dragon is still sleeping.
D．There's less rainfall.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，古代人们认为，龙抬头后降雨量会增加。
5．What does the underlined word “agrarian” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Agricultural. B．Industrial.
C．Travelling. D．Manufacturing.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“ancient”“Chinese culture”并结合常识可知，中国古代以农业为主，因此龙抬头是为了庆祝中国的农业文化，故选A。
6．What do people eat in Suzhou during the festival
A．Tofu balls. B．Fried beans.
C．Chengyao cakes. D．Dumplings.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，苏州人在龙抬头节日那天会吃“撑腰糕”来庆祝。
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．The history and development of China's Longtaitou Festival
B．Cut your hair on China's Longtaitou Festival
C．The culture and traditions of China's Longtaitou Festival
D．Food about China's Longtaitou Festival
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了中国传统节日龙抬头的文化及传统，故选C。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Whoever wrote the song “It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1 . Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don't force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can't stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response — no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2 .
Let out sadness
The results of the bus driver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3 . We don't like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4 . Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well being. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences. And don't forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。
1．选D 承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。
2．选E 结合本段小标题Don't force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。
3．选G 根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don't like contradictory behavior.”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉不开心，故选G。
4．选F 根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。
5．选B 根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The first U．N. Chinese Language Day 1 (observe) at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York in 2010. 2 one of the world's most widely spoken language, it seems appropriate that Mandarin (普通话) has one day annually dedicated to it.This 3 (official) marked day of Mandarin language celebration was set by the United Nations as a way of celebrating the language's history and 4 (contribution) to the world.It is hoped that having one day annually to celebrate Mandarin will encourage more people around the world 5 (take) it up.Chinese language is one of the most ancient languages in the world. More and more foreigners become 6 (interest) in this wonderful language. Every year U．N.Chinese Language Day 7 (fall) on April 20.A great way to get 8 (involve) in the celebration is to join a Mandarin class or attend one of the many Confucius Institutes 9 are set up by China in countries around the world.The number of people learning Chinese is on 10 increase in China's neighboring countries, such as Japan and Vietnam.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了联合国中文日以及该节日的影响。
1．was observed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in 2010”可知，应用一般过去时；主语为单数，且observe与主语之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填was observed。
2．As 考查介词。此处表示“作为”，所以填As。
3．officially 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰marked，所以填officially。
4．contributions 考查名词复数。contribution作“贡献”讲时为可数名词，且其前无限定词，故用复数形式contributions。
5．to take 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定搭配，故填to take。
6．interested 考查固定搭配。be/become interested in ...意为“对……感兴趣”，为固定搭配。故填interested。
7．falls 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Every year”可知，此空用一般现在时，且主语为第三人称单数概念，故填falls。
8．involved 考查形容词。get involved in意为“参与；卷入”，为固定搭配，其中involved为形容词。故填involved。
9．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Confucius Institutes，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
10．the 考查冠词。on the increase意为“在增长中”，是固定搭配，故填定冠词the。
PAGE
27(共86张PPT)
建∥(表明写作意图,即给出建议
议卜②给出具体的建议及理由
③其他(如指出采纳建议的好处、表达祝愿等)
把握主题
Para.1:引出话题
P24验证观点→mP5:实验结论
本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,
与你一同进食的同伴会影响你的
The size and consumption
To test the effect of social influence The social environment is
abits of our eating companions on eating habits, the researcher
extremely influential when
饮食习惯,想要减肥的人应当避
can influence our food intake
conducted two experiments
we re making decisions
免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。Unit 2 Healthy eating
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．muscle n． 肌肉；(食用)瘦肉
2．cucumber n. 黄瓜
3．eggplant n. 茄子
4．pepper n. 胡椒粉；辣椒
5．mushroom n. 蘑菇
6．peach n. 桃子
7．lemon n. 柠檬
8．barbecue vt.& n. 烧烤；烤肉
9．mutton n. 羊肉
10．roast adj. 烤制的
vt.& vi. 烤；烘；烘烤
11．bacon n. 熏咸肉；腊肉
12．sugary adj. 含糖的；甜的
13．poisonous adj. 有毒的
14．carrot n. 胡萝卜
15．obesity n. 过度肥胖
16．vitamin n. 维生素
17．protein n. 蛋白质
18．breast n. 胸部；乳房
19．garlic n. 大蒜
20．ingredient n. (烹调用的)材料；原料；成分
21．flavour n. (食物的)味道与气味；特性
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．diet n. 日常饮食
vi. 节食
2．fry vt.& vi. 油煎；油炸
3．ought v．aux. 应当；应该
4．slim vi. 变细；减肥
adj. 苗条的；纤细的
5．hostess n. 女主人；女主持人
6．lie n. 谎话；谎言
vi. 说谎
7．customer n. 顾客；消费者
8．discount n. 折扣
9．consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量
10．digest vi.& vt. 消化
n. 摘要；概要
11．debt n. 债；债务
12．glare vi. 怒目而视；闪耀
n. 怒视；炫目的光
13．sigh vi. 叹息；叹气
n. 叹息；叹息声
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．balance n．天平；平衡 vt.平衡；权衡→balanced adj.均衡的
2．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心
3．weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n．缺点；虚弱；弱点
4．strong adj.强壮的；坚强的→strength n．强项；长处；力量→strengthen vt.加强；巩固
5．limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．范围；限制
6．benefit n．利益；好处 vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的
7．combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合→combination n．结合；联合
8．cooperate v．合作；配合→cooperation n．合作；协作→cooperative adj.合作的
[语境活用]
1．We can't always combine work with pleasure, and the combination is hard to get.(combine)
2．David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him.(strong)
3．Everyone knows the benefit of learning English and if you learn it well, it will be beneficial to your future career.It is reported that many graduates have benefited from having a good command of English.(benefit)
4．The natural resources we have are limited.Therefore we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit/limitation.(limit)
5．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear.They often ask all kinds of questions curiously.To meet their curiosity, we'd better answer them patiently.(curious)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．lie v．说谎；躺下；位于n.谎言；谎话
背词条用法 (1)tell a lie/lies (to sb.) (向某人)撒谎/说谎话a white lie 一个善意的谎言(2)lie to sb. 向某人撒谎lie in 位于；在于lie down 躺下
背写作佳句 ①However, I think despite its negative effects, sometimes it is essential to tell lies in our daily life. 然而，我认为尽管有其消极影响，但有时在我们的日常生活中，说谎是不可避免的。②(2020·天津5月高考书面表达)There is no doubt that the advantage of learning English online lies in there being many free resources related to English on the Internet. 毫无疑问，在线学习英语的优势就在于网络上有许多与英语相关的免费资源。
2．balance n．天平；平衡；账户余额vt.平衡；权衡
背词条用法 (1)keep/lose/break one's balance 保持/失去/打破平衡(2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A与B(3)keep a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡
背写作佳句 ①When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall. 当这个男孩追赶弟弟的时候，他失去了平衡，狠狠地摔了一跤。②(2018·北京高考书面表达)You should balance your strengths and weaknesses when applying for a university. 当你申请一所大学的时候，你应该权衡你的优缺点。
3．diet n．日常饮食 vi.节食
背词条用法 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食be on a diet/go on a diet 控制饮食put sb. on a diet 使某人节食
背写作佳句 ①Don't always eat the same kind of food, because we should have a balanced healthy diet. 不要总是吃同一类食品，因为我们应拥有均衡、健康的饮食。②The doctor advised him to go on a diet to lose weight. 医生建议他节食减肥。
4．strength n．[C]长处；强项；[U]力量；体力
背词条用法 build up one's strength/body 强身健体strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点The strength of ... is that ... ……的优点是……
背写作佳句 ①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)From this activity, we have realized that building up our strength is of great importance. 从这次活动中，我们意识到强身健体是非常重要的。②The strength of the book is that it is interesting and instructive. 这本书的优点是它既有趣又有教育意义。
5．consult vt.& vi.请教；咨询；商量；查阅
背词条用法 consult sb. about sth. 请教某人某事consult with sb. 与某人商量/协商/磋商consult a dictionary 查词典
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I'm writing to consult you about how to adapt the classic novel. 我写信是想请教你如何改编这部经典小说。②When meeting a new word, you can consult your classmates about its meaning before consulting a dictionary to look up the word. 当遇到生词时，你在查阅词典查找这个词之前可以先向同学们咨询其含义。
6．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度
背词条用法 (1)limit ... to ... 把……限制在……内(2)beyond the limit 超过限度set a limit to sth. 对……规定限度there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
背写作佳句 ①There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people. 一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。②The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so. 文章的长度应限制在400词左右。
7．benefit n．好处；利益；优势vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益
背词条用法 (1)benefit from/by ... 从……中受益；得益于……(2)for the benefit of ... 为了……的利益 对……有益；有益于(to为介词)
背写作佳句 ①Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will benefit you greatly. ②Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be of great benefit to you. ③Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be very beneficial to you. 通晓中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。
8．combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合
背词条用法 (1)combine ... with/and ... 把……与……结合起来combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事(2)in combination (with) (与……)联合/结合
背写作佳句 ①If he can combine his ability with/and hard work，he should be very successful. 如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来，他应该会非常成功的。②The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. 这家公司正在联合几家海外合伙人制造新产品。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．lose weight 体重减轻；减肥
2．get away with 受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
3．tell a lie 说谎
4．win ...back 赢回；重新获得
5．earn one's living 谋生
6．in debt 欠债
7．spy on 暗中监视；侦查
8．cut down 削减；删节
9．before long 不久以后
10．put on weight 增加体重
11．glare at 怒目而视
12．be amazed at 对……感到惊讶
13．for the benefit of 为了……的利益
14．keep fit 保持健康
15．be tired of 对……厌倦
重点短语拓展用活
1．get away with受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
背相关短语 get away (from) (从……)脱身；摆脱(……) get along/on with 与……相处；进展get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真地做/对待某事get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来get through 完成；接通电话；通过get across (to sb.) (向某人)解释清楚；使(某人)了解
背写作佳句 ①Our English teacher is very strict with us. He won't have us getting away with cheating in the exam. 我们的英语老师严格要求我们。他绝不允许我们在考试中的作弊行为不受处罚。②There are lots of different ways to get your message across when you are putting together an ad campaign. 当你组织一场广告宣传活动时，有许多不同的方式可用来传递讯息。
2．cut down削减；删节；减少；砍倒；降低；杀死；夺去……生命
背相关短语 cut in 插话；(马达或发动机)发动cut up 切碎；切开cut off 切断(供应)；中断(电话通话等) cut away 切除；剪去cut across 抄近路；走捷径
背写作佳句 ①Immediate measures should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees to better the environment. 应当马上采取措施，像停止砍伐树木来改善环境。②We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cellphone was out of power. 我们在电话里谈到一半，电话就断了，因为我的手机没电了。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．“Nothing could be better，” he thought. (否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义)
他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
佳句① Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued. 没有比时间更贵重的东西，但也没有比时间更容易被忽视的东西。
佳句② As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more enjoyable than reading. 就我个人而言，没有什么比阅读更让人愉快的了。
2．Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.(as引导方式状语从句)
要是李昌不像往常那样到他的餐馆里来吃饭，那问题一定严重了。
佳句① Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望别人怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
佳句② If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin.如果所有来仙女湖公园的游客都像这对夫妇那样做的话，这个湖将会被严重污染并很快成为一个巨大的垃圾场。
3.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！(can't have sb.doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”)
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！
佳句① I can't have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately. 我不允许你用粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。
佳句② Our teachers can't have us carrying mobile phones to school. 老师不允许我们把手机带到学校来。
4．“According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet，” explained Wang Peng.(neither ...nor ...意为“既不……也不……”)
王鹏解释说：“根据我的调查，你的饭店和我的都没有提供均衡的饮食。”
佳句① Our school lies in Tianjin City, which is beautiful. In autumn, it is neither too hot nor too cold. 我们的学校位于美丽的天津市。在秋天它既不太热也不太冷。
佳句② Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．We should focus on a balanced diet, which ensures us the necessary nutrition.
我们应该注意饮食均衡，这能保证我们所必需的营养。
2．Not only does exercise improve our health but also makes us cheerful and raises our learning efficiency.
锻炼不仅能改善我们的健康状况，而且使我们精神愉悦并提高学习效率。
3．As far as I'm concerned, we should develop a healthy eating habit to build up our strength. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study.
我认为，为了增强体质，我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯。只有这样我们才能有足够的精力学习。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——建议信(一)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的朋友Michael要作为交流生代表参加你校即将举行的“中国传统文化知识大赛”，约你陪他一起练习并征求备赛建议。请你就此给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．表示同意； 2.备赛建议； 3.约定见面的时间和地点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Michael，
I'm more than delighted to learn that you are to participate in the Traditional Chinese Culture Competition. I'm willing to give you a hand and offer some practical suggestions at your request.
To begin with, it is necessary for you to consult some books concerning the traditional Chinese culture, thus broadening your horizons and well equipping you for the coming competition. Secondly, why not watch some video clips You are bound to get some inspiration from them as well.
As for when and where to meet, can we make it at 4：00 this Friday afternoon in our classroom If it's not convenient for you, please let me know what time is suitable for you in advance. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学谋篇布局
2．学亮丽开头
开头首先用I'm more than delighted to learn that ...表明写信的背景。然后，用I'm willing to give you a hand ...表示愿意提供建议，从而表明了写作意图。表达非常简洁、自然。
3．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：participate in, be willing to, at one's request, consult, concerning, broaden one's horizons, equip sb. for, be bound to, as for, make it等。
(2)准确运用高级句式，如：it作形式主语it is necessary for you to ...；现在分词短语作结果状语broadening your horizons ...；“疑问词＋不定式”结构when and where to meet；条件状语从句If it's not convenient for you ...等，都为文章增添了亮点，提升了文章的档次。
4．学精彩结尾
结尾先用．..can we make it ...？疑问句委婉地征求对方的意见。然后又用条件状语从句If it's not convenient for you ...来约定时间和地点，态度礼貌且诚恳。最后用Looking forward to hearing from you.表达了对回信的期待。
5．学过渡衔接
衔接词to begin with, thus, secondly等和过渡句I'm willing to give you a hand and offer some practical suggestions at your request.的恰当运用，使得文章结构严谨，层层递进，读起来朗朗上口。
6．防微点失分
考生容易把“I'm willing to give you a hand and offer some practical suggestions at your request.”中的suggestions误用成suggestion，或把“If it's not convenient for you ...”错误地表达为If you are not convenient ...，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We found a potato and roasted (烘烤) it on the open fire.
2．He didn't shout or swear, but just glared (怒视) silently at me.
3．In order to be more charming and slimmer (苗条), girls tend to go on a diet.
4．Regular exercise combined with balanced diets (日常饮食) is the healthy recipe for life.
5．Many people experience difficulty in paying off their debts (债务)．
6．With high quality food and low prices, the restaurant receives hundreds of customers (顾客) every day.
7．Not knowing how to make a proper choice about that thing, Tom decided to consult (咨询) Mr Black.
8．For the sake of your health, you'd better not eat food which is hard to digest (消化) before sleeping.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．(2020·江苏高考)Many of these genes produce proteins that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. 蛋白质
2．The country imports raw materials and energy and exports mainly industrial products.
未加工的
3．(熟词生义)The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon. 刺眼的光
4．(熟词生义)In his opinion，reading doesn't just mean recognizing each word on the page; it means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself.
第一个digest 意为：理解；领悟；第二个digest意为： 消化
5．(熟词生义)It is said that the museum is full of historical curiosities. 珍品
6．(熟词生义)There is a slim chance that he will get away from his work for the holiday.
微小的
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Eating too much fried (fry) food is harmful to our health.
2.They just stood there glaring (glare) at each other and saying nothing.
3．A lot of poisonous (poison) waste from the chemical works polluted the river.
4.Mary has been on a diet for weeks but still hasn't lost any weight.
5.Why not consult with Frank You see, two heads are better than one.
6．I gave in to curiosity (curious) and opened the letter addressed to him.
7．The clothes in this shop will be sold at a discount for season reasons.
8．We should overcome our weaknesses (weak) and fears with courage and determination.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．如果你对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好立刻咨询你的医生。(consult)
If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better consult your doctor at once.
2．我节食三个月，减了5公斤。(diet)
I've been dieting for three months and I've lost 5 kilograms.
3．年轻女士以牺牲健康为代价保持苗条是不好的。(slim)
It is not good for young ladies to keep slim at the cost of their health.
4．出于好奇，他把这块表拆开了。(curiosity)
Out of curiosity, he took the clock apart.
5．他们如果是两点出发的，现在该到那儿了。(ought)
If they had started at two o'clock, they ought to have got there by now.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)句中glaring at ...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
(2)be on a diet/go on a diet控制饮食
(3)consult with sb.与某人商量/协商/磋商
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．balance
[明其义]
vt.平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡；账户余额
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
②Keeping a balanced (balance) diet is of great importance, especially for teens who are growing up.
③I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car.账户余额
(2)补全句子
④It is very important to keep a balance between study and a social life, so you'd better join the team.
学习与社交生活保持平衡很重要，因此你最好参加这个队。
2．lie
[明其义]
v．说谎；躺下；位于 n．谎言；谎话
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①My mother won't have me lying (lie) to her no matter what happens.
②The survivors lay (lie) on the beach, exhausted and shocked.
③The moment the bell rang, he laid (lay) the book and rushed out of the classroom.
(2)补全句子
④She told me that happiness lies in helping others.
她告诉我快乐在于帮助他人。
⑤Don't lie to me. Please tell me the truth.
→Don't tell lies/a lie to me. Please tell me the truth.
不要对我撒谎。请告诉我真相。
[解其困]
单词 词性 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie vi. 说谎 lied lied lying
lie vi. 躺下；位于 lay lain lying
lay vt. 放置；下蛋 laid laid laying
3.strength
[明其义]
n．[C]长处；强项；[U]力量；体力
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do (do) the most difficult things in my life.
②As a good teacher，you should know your students' strengths (strength) and weaknesses.
③By participating in such activities, we improved our skills and strengthened (strength) our sense of cooperation.
(2)翻译句子
④为了强身健体， 我们经常组织各种各样的活动，例如：打篮球、乒乓球等。
To build up our strength, we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball and table tennis.
[解其困]
表示“优点和缺点”时， strength, weakness常用复数形式。
4．limit
[明其义]
vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.
②Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited (limit) resources.
(2)一句多译
他的英语水平非常有限，以至于不能理解以英语为母语的人说的话。
③His English is so limited that he can't understand what the native speakers say.
④So limited is his English that he can't understand what the native speakers say.(倒装句)
[解其困]
limit的搭配中to均为介词，后跟名词或v. ing形式作宾语。
5．benefit
[明其义]
n．好处；利益；优势 vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①A large number of students will benefit from/by the new teaching method.
②It was for the benefit of your company that we did that.
③Although a sudden change can be a bad thing, it might often be beneficial (benefit) in the long run.
(2)一句多译
你们来我们学校参加交流项目已经两周了，这让我们所有人都受益。
④It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us. (benefit vt.)
⑤It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has been of benefit to all of us. (benefit n．)
⑥It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has been beneficial to all of us.(beneficial)
6．combine
[明其义]
vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①In our daily life, we should try to combine exercise with a balanced diet.
②Only when our theory is combined (combine) with practice can the former become reliable knowledge.
③The club is supported by a combination (combine) of people from all social classes.
(2)补全句子
④We consider it necessary to combine theory with practice.
我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
[解其困]
表示“把……与……相连接”的短语还有：connect ... with/to ...; associate ... with ...; link ... with/to ...; relate ... to ...等。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
in debt， cut down， spy on， get away with， earn one's living， put on weight， win back， be tired of
1．His parents died when he was 17, so he had to earn his living on his own.
2．The government will work hard to win back the confidence of the people.
3．The man ought to be fired. You shouldn't let him get away with stealing from the shop.
4.Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.
5．The doctor told Bob his heart was in poor condition and that he must cut down on alcohol and smoking.
6．The newcomer feels his neighbours are always looking out of their windows, spying on him.
7.You eat the food containing too much sugar and fat, which makes you put on weight easily.
8.All those present were tired of his long and dull speech and some even left the meeting room.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)in debt此处意为“欠债”。
(2)put on weight“增加体重”； lose weight“减肥”。
(3)be tired of“对……厌倦”； be tired from/with ...“因……而疲倦”。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．consult VS look up
比较 ①When you meet with any new words, you'd better look up them in the dictionary. ②I consulted the telephone book for his number just now.
辨清 两者均有“查阅”之意：(1)consult相当于refer to或turn to，后面接查询的工具。(2)look up后面接需查询的问题或内容。
2．long before VS before long
比较 ①The face of the town will be completely changed before long. ②Long before I ever went there, Africa was alive in my imagination.
辨清 (1)before long 的意思是“不久，很快”。 (2)long before两个用法：①老早，早就(单独使用，表示比过去某时早得多的时间)；②很久以前。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中cut down的含义)
①Every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy in our country.
减少；削减
②They cut down some trees to knock down the fire and prevent it from spreading further.
砍倒
③Hunger, cold and illness have cut down many of the villagers. 杀死；夺去……的生命
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
过马路时，你越小心越好。
②In conclusion, we should be aware that nothing is more valuable than health.
总之，我们应该意识到没有什么比健康更有价值。
③When talking with the elderly，you can't be too polite/polite enough.
当和老人谈话时，你再有礼貌也不为过。
2．一句多译
就我个人而言，在我们的日常生活中身体健康最重要。
④In my view, health is the most important thing in our daily life.
⑤From my point of view, nothing is more important than health in our daily life.(否定词＋比较级)
[解其困]
(1)否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……的了；没有像……一样……的了”，常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
(2)can/could＋never/not＋be/动词＋越……越好/再……也不为过
(二)can't have sb. doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”
[通其用]
1．根据提示完成小片段
①Yesterday, Jack had his hair cut. However, when he returned home, he found he had his document stolen. He was very worried because his boss would have him work on weekends if he lost it.
昨天，杰克去理发了。但是，当他回到家时，他发现他的文件被偷了。他非常担心，因为如果他丢失了这份文件，他的老板会让他周末加班的。
2．翻译句子
②让机器不停地运转不是个好主意。
It is not a good idea to have the machine running all the time.
③对不起，但我有个重要的会议要参加。
Sorry, but I have an important meeting to attend.
[解其困]
(1)have sb. doing sth.常用于否定句中，意为“允许某人做某事”；用于肯定句中，意为“让某人一直做某事”时，强调动作的持续性。
(2)have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
(3)have sth. done让/叫别人做某事；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；使某事完成(主语参与)
(4)have sth. to do有事情要做(不定式作定语)
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles① with big appetites you really need to avoid.
[2]To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to② a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
[3]Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
[4]For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
[5]The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight③ person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I？,
①微技法——通过上下文推测短语或单词意义：
此处通过画线词上一句的“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people ...”可知，“beanpoles”所在句与其前一句中的研究结论是相反的，由此可推知“beanpoles”的含义。
②微积累——help短语大集锦：
help oneself to 自行取用；随便吃
help sb. do/to do 帮助某人做某事
can't help doing 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只好做某事
③构词法——前缀over 表示“在……上，超出”
overweight adj. 超重的
overwork n. 过度劳累
overact v. 做得过火
overlook vt. 俯视，眺望
overcome vt. 战胜
overproduction n. 生产过量
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
12．What is the recent study mainly about
A．Food safety. B．Movie viewership.
C．Consumer demand. D．Eating behavior.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句可知，《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。由此可知这项研究是关于饮食行为的，故D项正确。
13．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons.
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的画线词所在句可知，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people 含义相反，故D项正确。
14．Why did the researchers hire the actor
A．To see how she would affect the participants.
B．To test if the participants could recognize her.
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D．To study why she could keep her weight down.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.”可知，为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验；再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知，雇用演员参加实验旨在查看演员对参与实验的人的饮食习惯的影响，故A项正确。
15．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph
A．How hungry we are.
B．How slim we want to be.
C．How we perceive others.
D．How we feel about the food.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I ...because I see the results of his eating habits.”可知，如果这个同伴打算吃得更多，“我”也会吃得更多。但是，我们要调整这种影响。如果一个超重的人吃了很多，我会稍微保留一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知，我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的，故C项正确。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第12题主要考查学生的概括性思维。通读全文可知，文章第一段为全文的主题段，即《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。根据上述分析，故可得知这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究，结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法有所调整。文章旨在引导学生养成合理的饮食习惯和健康的生活方式。通过对文章内容的分析和评判，深入思考饮食习惯与健康生活方式之间的联系，从而形成正确的饮食观和生活观。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Gas and oil consumption (consume) always increase in cold weather.
2．I'm writing to invite you to participate in the speech contest to be held in our school.
3．She is one of the most influential (influence) figures in the local politics.
4．The twins were dressed differently and one was thinner (thin) than the other.
5．She had formed the habit of going to bed and getting up early.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．In China, it is usual to help yourself to (自行取用) the food placed at the center of the table.
2．A large amount of (大量的) food and fresh water is wasted in the world every year.
3．In order to keep slim (保持苗条), so many young girls always skip meals.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
[句式解构] 本句是一个含有多个从句的主从复合句。其中and承接上文，contrary to为形容词短语作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词research；says后是省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句，宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词heavier people。
[句意翻译] 而且现有的研究表明，你应该避免与食量大的较肥胖的人一起吃饭，(这项研究的成果)相反的是，你真正需要避免的是与食量大的又高又瘦的人(一起吃饭)。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
假定你是李华，是一家英文杂志社的心理咨询师。某中学生小王给你写了一封信，她提到自己偏胖，想节食减肥。请你给她写一封信，谈谈你的观点。内容包括：
1．健康比漂亮更重要；
2．学生以学习为主，不要过于注重外貌(appearance)和别人的看法；
3．可通过多锻炼身体保持健康，要改变不良的饮食习惯；
4．健康的心态也很重要。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Xiaowang，
I have read your letter, in which you mentioned that you want to lose weight by dieting.
It is natural that young girls at your age hope to look beautiful. However, health is more important than beauty. As a student, study is the first thing to consider.So do not let others' opinions affect your normal life.If you do want to lose weight, it's a good idea to do it by getting more exercise and changing unhealthy eating habits. The most important thing is that you keep a healthy state of mind, as it will help you with your studies.
I do hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
课下主题训练健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①cafeteria □ ②swallow □
③chew □ ④nutrition □
⑤appetite □ ⑥acid □
⑦delicious □ ⑧tasty □
⑨cuisine □ ⑩bitter □
salty □ sour □
balance □ diet □
abundant □ health □
energy □ recipe □
buffet □ snack □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．Some of the diseases of middle age may be prevented by improving nutrition. 营养
2．The hotel restaurant is noted for its excellent cuisine. 菜肴
3．She would improve her diet if she ate less fried food and snacked less. 零食；小吃
4．Eat according to your appetite and keep an eye on your weight gain. 胃口
5．Milk must be kept in a cool place, or else it will go sour easily. 变酸
6．You are asked to swallow a capsule containing vitamin. 吞下
7．This morning I went to a restaurant famous for its brunch buffet. 自助餐
8．I love this bread. How did you make it Can you give me the recipe？ 食谱
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I'd like some popcorn.Is it sweet or salty (salt)
2．You are right.Good sleep can keep you full of energy (energetic)．
3．No one can deny the fact that exercising regularly and keeping a balanced (balance) diet benefit our health greatly.
4．To keep healthy (health), make it a rule to jog every day.
5．Have you been on a diet You've lost a lot of weight.
6．It is known to us that our country is abundant in natural resources.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn't long for a favorite Chinese dish But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one's well being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach (菠菜), are seen as “hot”， while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes (小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual's health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick me up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of pig brain soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you are looking for.
语篇解读：本文主要对中国的滋补食物进行了简要的介绍。
1．What is the present situation of tonic food
A．It is catching less attention.
B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well known worldwide.
D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，目前滋补食物不再受到追捧。故选A。
2．What is believed to benefit new mothers
A．Chinese cabbage. B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil hotpot. D．Pig brain soup.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，人们认为麻油闷罐对新妈妈有益。
3．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant.
C．Education. D．Fashion.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可推知，滋补食物对餐饮业有一定的影响，故“catering”与restaurant意思相近。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Charm of Chinese Cuisine
B．The Popularity of Tonic Food
C．An Introduction to Chinese Tonic Food
D．Differences Between Hot Food and Cold Food
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要对中国的滋补食物进行了简要的介绍。
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van (小型货车) 1 toys to the homeless. When we 2 the spot, something caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I 3 that it was the home of a poor family. There were two 4 ， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there 5 .
As a little girl myself I was 6 interested in the little girl. How 7 our lives were. She lived for the day, 8 through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about 9 . I had a good education and thus a 10 future. I looked at the little girl. The only 11 she had was the worn out dress that she was wearing.
Seeing this little girl I made the decision to 12 a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a 13 ， I stepped out, called the girl over and 14 the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with 15 and wasn't certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw 16 in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to 17 off, and that's when we realized the little girl was running 18 . We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had 19 with us. She looked directly at me and said two 20 words “Thank You”．
语篇解读：我们在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发玩具；“我”远远地发现了一位小女孩，她靠在垃圾中寻找食物为生；于是“我”走过去，将刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给了她，然后就离开了；我们发现那位女孩在追我们，我们停下了车，她向“我”说了句“谢谢”。
1．A.showing B．recommending
C．distributing D．selling
解析：选C 根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，我们在新年期间给无家可归的人分发玩具。故选C。
2．A.left B．changed
C．chose D．approached
解析：选D 根据下文中的“When the van came to a ， I stepped out”可推知，当我们接近目的地的时候，有东西引起了“我”的注意。故选D。
3．A.guaranteed B．realized
C．decided D．accepted
解析：选B 根据空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知，“我”很快意识到那是一户贫困人家的家。故选B。
4．A.boys B．children
C．drivers D．adults
解析：选B 根据下文中的“As a little girl myself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多的孩子，还有一位女士，应该是他们的母亲。故选B。
5．A.happily B．angrily
C．hopefully D．helplessly
解析：选D 根据下文中的“ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the worn out dress”可推知，他们无助地坐在垃圾旁边。故选D。
6．A.still B．less
C．especially D．probably
解析：选C 根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其对那个小女孩感兴趣。故选C。
7．A.similar B．different
C．difficult D．ordinary
解析：选B 根据下文中的“She lived for the day ... to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after ... a future”可知，我们的生活差别很大。故选B。
8．A.searching B．getting
C．running D．breaking
解析：选A 根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish”可推知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找东西以填饱自己的肚子。故选A。
9．A.food B．safety
C．health D．transport
解析：选A 根据上文可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。故选A。
10．A.doubtful B．distant
C．promising D．foreseeable
解析：选C 根据空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，因此有一个有前途的未来。故选C。A项意为“怀疑的”；B项意为“遥远的”；C项意为“有前途的”；D项意为“可预知的”。
11．A.present B．decoration
C．requirement D．possession
解析：选D 根据上文的内容并结合语境可推知，那位小女孩仅有的财产就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。故选D。
12．A.give away B．give back
C．hand out D．hand in
解析：选A 根据下文中的“I stepped out ... the doll in her hand”可推知，看到这个小女孩，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给她。故选A。A项意为“赠送”；B项意为“归还”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“提交”。
13．A.station B．stop
C．street D．signal
解析：选B 根据上文可知，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下来，“我”立刻下车，叫那个小女孩过来，然后将玩具娃娃放(placed)在她的手里。故选B。
14．A.tore B．placed
C．dropped D．threw
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
15．A.anger B．pain
C．surprise D．disappointment
解析：选C 根据空后的“and wasn't certain what to do”和语境可推知，那个小女孩刚开始惊讶地看着“我”。故选C。
16．A.hope B．loneliness
C．anxiety D．astonishment
解析：选A 根据上文可知，那个小女孩一家绝望地坐在垃圾旁边，再结合语境可推知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望。故选A。
17．A.walk B．get
C．lift D．drive
解析：选D 根据下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到车上，我们开车离开，那时我们才意识到，那个小女孩正在后面追赶我们。故选D。
18．A.behind B．away
C．out D．in
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
19．A.got along B．come along
C．caught up D．turned up
解析：选C 根据上文的“We stopped again and opened the door”可知，小女孩追上了我们。故选C。get along with“与……相处”；come along with“和……在一起”；catch up with“追上，赶上”。
20．A.final B．new
C．key D．simple
解析：选D 根据语境可知，小女孩直接看着“我”，说了两个简单的词——Thank You。故选D。
PAGE
27(共82张PPT)
把握主题
Para.1:介绍这
Para.3:介绍了这
本书的写作背景这本书的概要本书的主要内容
Para4:介绍了对这本
书的评价
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要
介绍了一本关于乌兹别克斯坦
He returned to
It is the story of
This is a quick look
Neither a travel nor a
游记的书。曾在乌兹别克斯坦
Uzbekistan to
an american
at life in uzbekistan
history book, or even a
当过志愿者的 Tom bissel}于
write an article travelling to a
made of friendliness
piece of reportage. It is a
对这个国家的兴趣,几年后再
about the
strange land. and
and warmth but
fine and vivid description
次回到这里,并写了一本书叙
disappearance
of the people he
also its darker side
of the purest of Central
of the Aral Sea. meets on his way
of society
asian traditions
述其在该国旅行中的见闻Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．boyhood n． 少年时代
2．bet n. 赌；打赌
vi.&vt. 打赌；赌钱
3．penniless adj. 贫困的；身无分文的
4．pavement n. 人行道
5．bay n. 海湾
6．nightfall n. 黄昏
7．passage n. 船费(包括食宿)；通道；(一)段
8．embassy n. 大使馆；大使及其官员
9．charity n. 慈善(团体)；施舍
10．steak n. (供煎、烤的)肉块；鱼排；牛排
11．pineapple n. 菠萝
12．dessert n. 餐后甜点
13．issue vt.&vi. 发行(钞票等)；发布(命令)；出版(杂志等)
14．fake n. 假货；欺骗
adj. 假的
15．barber n. 理发师
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．scene n. (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
2．wander vi. 漫游；漫步；漂泊
3．stare vi. 凝视；盯着看
4．fault n. 过错；缺点；故障
5．spot vt. 发现；认出
n. 斑点；污点；地点
6．account vi.& vt. 认为；说明；总计有
n. 说明；理由；计算；账目
7．seek vt.& vi. 寻找；探索；寻求
8．contrary n. 反面；对立面
adj. 相反的；相违的
9．envelope n. 信封
10．amount n. 数量
11．manner n. 礼貌；举止；方式
12．indeed adv. 真正地；确实；实在
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．novel n．小说；长篇故事adj.新奇的；异常的→novelist n．小说家
2．adventure n．奇遇；冒险→adventurous adj.冒险的
3．permit vt.& vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照→permission n．许可；允许
4．patient adj.能忍耐的；有耐心的n.病人；患者→patience n．耐性；忍耐→patiently adv.耐心地；有毅力地
5．belief n．信念；信仰→believe v．相信→believable adj.可信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的
6．rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudely adv.粗鲁地→rudeness n．粗鲁
[语境活用]
1．It was rude of you to hurt his pride last night, so you must offer him an apology for your rudeness.(rude)
2．As we all know, Mo Yan, a famous novelist, won the Nobel Literature Prize and wrote many excellent novels.(novel)
3．Although the patient was out of patience, the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently.(patient)
4．I will come after the meeting if time permits, but I should ask for my headmaster's permission first.(permit)
5．Believe it or not, I hold the firm belief that he is an honest and reliable man.It would be unbelievable that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends.(believe)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．scene n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
背词条用法 on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上behind the scenes 在幕后；在后台appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
背写作佳句 ①Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car crash. 在这起汽车事故中有9人当场死亡，还有一人在医院里死亡。②The students were able to go behind the scenes to see how programmes were made. 学生们可以去后台，看看节目是怎么制作出来的。
2．permit vt.& vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照
背词条用法 (1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事sth. permitting ... ……许可的话(独立主格) (2)a driving permit 驾驶执照(3)with/without permission 得到允许/未经允许ask for permission 请求许可
背写作佳句 ①Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。②We'll attend the open air concert in the park on Friday, weather permitting. 如果天气允许的话，我们星期五要去公园看露天音乐会。
3.spot vt.发现；认出；点缀n.斑点；污点；地点
背词条用法 spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事be spotted with 散布；点缀on the spot/scene 当场；到/在现场
背写作佳句 ①He spotted his friend talking with someone over there. 他看见他的朋友在那边和人说话。②The young man, who was the only man on the spot, was told to set down what he saw. 这个年轻人是现场唯一的人，他被告知把他看到的东西写下来。
4．account vi.&vt.认为；说明；总计有n.说明；理由；计算；账目；报道
背词条用法 (1)account for 解释；说明(……的原因)；占……(比例) (2)on account of (＝because of) 由于；因为on no account (＝in no way) 决不 考虑……
背写作佳句 ①It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. 据说身体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。②On no account must employees make personal telephone calls from the office. 雇员们决不允许在办公室打私人电话。
5．manner n．举止；方式；方法；态度；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪；习俗
背词条用法 in a ...manner 以……的方式It's bad/good manners to do sth.做某事是没有/有礼貌的table manners 餐桌礼仪
背写作佳句 ①The work should have been done in a more satisfactory manner. 这项工作本来可以用更令人满意的方法进行。②It's bad manners to break in while others are speaking. 当别人说话的时候插嘴是不礼貌的。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出
2．stare at 凝视；盯着看
3．account for 是……的原因；解释；
占……比例
4．on the contrary 与此相反；正相反
5．go ahead 前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说；开始做
6．by accident 偶然；无意中；不小心
7．a large amount of 许多；大量
8．take a chance 冒险
9．in rags 衣衫褴褛
10．as for 关于；至于
11．from the bottom of one's heart 发自内心
12．make a bet 打赌
13．on the scene 在现场
14．find fault with 吹毛求疵；找毛病
重点短语拓展用活
1．bring up培养；抚养；养育；教育；提出；呕吐
背相关短语 bring about 引起；产生；导致；带来bring sth. back 使某物恢复；带回某物；使想起某事bring down 使……降下来；使倒下bring in 引入；赚(钱) bring out 使显现出；阐明；出版；生产bring ...back to life 使……恢复生机
背写作佳句 ①If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. 如果你生活在首都，在奥运会或其他重大事件期间租出一间房子会给你带来收入。②The plan he brought up has brought down the costs of production and brought in a lot of profit, which brought the company back to life. 他提出的方案降低了生产成本，带来了巨大的利润，使公司恢复了生机。
2．take a chance冒险；碰运气
背相关短语 (1)by chance＝by accident 偶然；碰巧(2)(The) chances are that ... 有可能……There is a chance that ... 有可能……(3)have a chance to do sth./of doing sth. 有机会做某事take a chance/chances to do sth. 冒险做某事
背写作佳句 ①Let's take a chance. There may still be some tickets left. 让我们碰碰运气，或许还有剩余的票。②By chance/accident, he found the place where his brother had hidden the treasure. 他偶然发现了他弟弟藏宝的地方。③The player is under good treatment and the chances are that he will recover from his injury in time for the next game. 这个运动员正在接受良好的治疗，他有可能将及时从伤病中恢复参加下一场比赛。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. (“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构)
嗯，傍晚时分我发现自己被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
佳句① Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams, I found myself on the point of giving up totally. 由于英语考试屡遭失败，我感到灰心丧气，发现自己处于完全放弃的地步。
佳句② After I arrived in America, I found myself living in a completely foreign culture. 在我到达美国后，我发现自己生活在一个完全陌生的文化中。
2．And it was the ship that brought you to England. (强调句型)
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
佳句① (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)There is no denying that it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress. 不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。
佳句② (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is the elderly who are usually the first to taste the food served on the table. 通常是老年人最先品尝摆到桌上的食物。
3．Indeed, sir, I hope you'll come here whenever you like.(whenever引导让步状语从句)
真的，先生，我希望您随时光临。
佳句① Nobody is more concerned about us than our parents, who are willing to come to our assistance whenever we are in trouble. 没有人比我们的父母更关心我们，无论何时我们有困难他们总会乐于帮助我们。
佳句② Now, it is still hanging on the wall of my bedroom. Whenever I look at it, I couldn't help thinking of my friend. 现在它仍挂在我卧室的墙上。每当我看到它，都禁不住想起我的朋友。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到广泛的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。
2．Literature is a kind of intellectual light, which, like the light of the sun, may sometimes enable us to see what we do not like.
文学是一种理智之光，它和阳光一样，有时能使我们看到我们不喜欢的东西。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——建议信(二)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的朋友Ben已通过北京大学为外籍学生设定的“一带一路”奖学金笔试。他就接下来的面试环节向你寻求建议，请你给他回一封电子邮件。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Ben，
I'm more than delighted to hear that you have got through the written test when applying for the “Belt and Road” scholarship. Congratulations! Here is some advice on your coming interview.
Firstly, writing a 5 minute self introduction is a must do preparation, in which your strengths and competence setting you apart from others should be highlighted. Secondly, wearing a broad and sincere smile will definitely help you leave a favorable impression on the interviewers. Last but not least, make sure you have some of your own questions to ask as well as preparing for the interviewers' questions.
Chances favor a prepared mind. Only if you make every effort will you bring out the best in you and outshine the rest of the applicants. Look forward to good news about you.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：one's coming interview, set sb. apart from others, highlight, wear a broad and sincere smile, leave a favorable impression on, as well as等。
(2)准确运用高级句式结构，如状语从句的省略when applying for ...；非限制性定语从句in which your strengths and competence ...；现在分词短语作定语setting you apart from others；动名词短语作主语wearing a broad and sincere smile；倒装句Only if you make every effort will you ...等。
(3)恰当运用谚语Chances favor a prepared mind.这体现了考生过硬的语言功底与灵活的语言运用能力。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾先用一句谚语开头，接着用一个具有强调作用的倒装句“Only if you make every effort will you ...”激励朋友Ben努力应试。最后用一句“Look forward to good news about you.”表达了对好消息的期待，同时，这也是一种愿望的表达方式。
3．学过渡衔接
考生恰当使用了firstly, secondly, last but not least等衔接词和过渡句Here is some advice on your coming interview.使文章富有条理性，语意连贯，上下文衔接自然。
4．防微点失分
考生容易把“Here is some advice on your coming interview.”中的advice误用成advices，或把“Secondly, wearing a broad and sincere smile will definitely help you ...”中的wearing因不注意非谓语动词作主语而错误地使用了谓语动词形式wear，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When we send a letter or a postcard, we have to put stamps on the envelope (信封) or on the card.
2．I am interested in western culture, and love reading English novels (小说)．
3．It's very important to keep in mind as many English words and phrases (短语) as possible.
4．After lunch, my father and I wandered (漫步) around the path enjoying the spring sun.
5．As we all know a friend without faults (缺点) will never be found.
6．The girl is staring (盯着看) at the stranger with her eyes wide open.
7．As is known to all, Mark Twain was one of the greatest authors (作家) in America and in the world as well.
8．As the saying goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed (真正地)．
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．(2020·江苏高考)Building such a bridge over the bay was a hard nut to crack, but the local government made it within two years. 海湾
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. 冒险
3．(2018·天津高考)In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D printed, rather than farm to table. 餐后甜点
4．Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. 尖叫声；喊叫声
5.(熟词生义)It's not a novel idea to open a Chinese restaurant in a foreign country.
新颖的；与众不同的
6．(熟词生义)I'm sorry, but my mind was wandering.What did you say？
(思想)开小差；走神
7．(熟词生义)My father had worked his passage to America. (乘船的)航程；旅程
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．It is very important to teach the children how to deal with others' kindness and rudeness (rude)．
2．According to the report, staring (stare) at cell phone for long periods of time will damage our eyesight gradually.
3.Mike sought (seek) help from his friends when he was in trouble, but they turned him down.
4．The results are quite contrary to my expectations, and it's really frustrating.
5．Teaching children with special needs requires patience(patient) and understanding.
6．It would be unbelievable (believe) that he should trust the thief.
7.The boss keeps finding fault with my work; for some reason he's been getting at me all day.
8．My husband loves adventurous (adventure) life while I enjoy a more peaceful life.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．关于这场足球赛，我们打个赌吧。(bet)
Let's make a bet on the football match.
2．杰克很难共事，总是对别人吹毛求疵。(fault)
Jack is difficult to work with and is always finding fault with others.
3.政府将斥巨资修建一座博物馆。(amount)
The government will invest a large amount of money in building a museum.
4．在一些国家，说话时用手指指人是无礼的。(rude)
It's rude to point at people with your finger when one speaks in some countries.
5．我看见他衣衫褴褛，在雨中全身都湿透了。(rag)
I saw him in rags and get wet through in the rain.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)novel主要用作名词、形容词，作名词时意思是“小说”，作形容词时意思是“新奇的；与众不同的”。
(2)seek：现在分词 seeking; 过去式 sought; 过去分词 sought
(3)find fault with 的意思是 “挑剔，批评， 吹毛求疵， 指手画脚” ，fault一般为可数，这里是固定搭配，所以不加s。
(4)amount意为“数量；金额；总额”等，通常用于 an amount of, a great/large amount of, amounts of等短语，其后通常接不可数名词。注意：an amount of, a large/great amount of, amounts of 修饰名词用作主语时，其谓语的数取决于 amount 的数。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．scene
[明其义]
n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①The firefighters were on the scene within minutes of being called.
②Those who worked behind the scenes are the real heroes of this project.
(2)补全句子
③The hall was full of fans before the star appeared/came on the scene.
在这个明星出场之前，大厅里挤满了他的粉丝。
④Arriving at the top of the hill, we were faced by a most impressive scene.
到达山顶时，呈现在我们面前的是一片令人惊叹的景色。
(3)句式升级
⑤On receiving the call, the police rushed to the scene. There a traffic accident happened.
→The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene, where/in which a traffic accident happened.(定语从句)
[解其困]
scene有“场景；场面；地点”的含义，后接定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，一般用where或in which来引导。
2．permit
[明其义]
vt.& vi.许可；允许；准许 n．许可证；通行证；执照
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①You simply ask how to apply for a library card, which will permit you to take (take) books out regularly.
②The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn't permit smoking (smoke)．
③(2019·北京高考)With her dad's permission (permit), she spent the next two years researching online.
(2)一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果时间允许的话， 我的确希望你来参加今年的音乐节。
④If time permits, I do hope you will attend this year's music festival.(条件状语从句)
⑤Time permitting, I do hope you will attend this year's music festival.(独立主格结构)
[解其困]
动词permit 的常见用法为：permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，有类似用法的还有：
①allow doing sth./sb. to do sth. 允许(某人)做某事
②forbid doing sth./sb. to do sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
③advise doing sth./sb. to do sth. 建议(某人)做某事
④encourage doing sth./sb. to do sth. 鼓励(某人)做某事
3．spot
[明其义]
vt.发现；认出；点缀 n．斑点；污点；地点
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2019·天津高考)Without delay, I called to thank her.She said she spotted (spot) my wallet on a bus seat.
②On the way, we spotted a man holding (hold) a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job.Family to Feed.”
③More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
(2)补全句子
④Not only will all kinds of paper cutting works be on display，but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.
不仅将展出各种剪纸作品，工匠们还将现场向参观者展示如何将纸剪成各种形状。
[解其困]
spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句如缺状语则用where引导定语从句，从句如缺主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。
4．account
[明其义]
vi.&vt.认为；说明；总计有 n．说明；理由；计算；账目；报道
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江7月高考)The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall health status.
②The flight was postponed on account of bad weather.
(2)补全句子
③(2019·天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
那位教授告诫这些学生们，在他的课堂上绝对不能使用手机。
④We should take his health into account and then make a decision.
我们应该考虑他的健康状况，然后再做决定。
[解其困]
on no account意为“决不”，放在句首时常用部分倒装，有类似用法的还有：by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等。
5．manner
[明其义]
n．举止；方式；方法；态度；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪；习俗
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①He spoke in such a manner as to hurt their feelings.
②It's bad manners (manner) to make fun of the disabled people.
(2)补全句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)The following are some suggestions on how to mind your table manners in China.
下面是你在中国如何注意餐桌礼仪的一些建议。
[解其困]
(1)manner意为“方式；方法；举止；态度”时，常用单数形式；
(2)manner意为“礼貌；礼仪；习俗”时，常用复数形式。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
bring up， account for， go ahead， find fault with， on the contrary， by accident， as for， take a chance
1．He seems to be giving the impression that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris.On the contrary, he had a wonderful time.
2.(2019·天津高考)Personally, I'd want to learn about western painting. Several reasons may account for my preference.
3．A lot of famous scientists made some amazing discoveries by accident while they were actually looking for something else.
4.He likes summer, but as for me, I like winter much better.
5．I got so fed up with waiting for him to do it that I just went ahead and did it myself.
6.They took a chance on the weather and decided to hold the sports meet the next day.
7．The professor thought that the idea the young engineer brought up was worth considering.
8．He can find fault with the goods even if he is quite satisfied with them.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)account for 此处意为“说明(原因、理由等)”。此外，还有“(数量或比例上)占”等意思。
(2) as for后不跟名词性从句，用来引出另外一方或新的内容，和前面提到的人或事物有关。
(3)“take a(n)＋n.”大盘点
①take a chance 冒险
②take a break 休息一下
③take a seat 就坐
④take a shower 淋浴；洗澡
⑤take an exam 参加考试
⑥take an example 举例；示范
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．stare at VS glance at VS glare at
比较 ①The audience stared at him when he played the magic tricks on the stage. ②I didn't know why she glanced at her watch and left in a hurry. ③The mother was trembling with anger.She glared at her son and said nothing.
辨清 (1)stare at 凝视；盯着看 (2)glare at 怒视(3)glance at 一瞥；匆匆一看
2．bring up VS bring down
比较 ①The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. ②If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius, they are not correct.
辨清 (1)bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐(2)bring down 使降低；使倒下
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中bring up的含义)
①Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing. 教育
②He brought up a practical plan at the meeting, which brought down the cost of production.
提出
③He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight. 呕吐
④Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to live in the countryside. 抚养
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)find＋宾语＋宾补
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①Dick found himself walking in the direction of Mike's home.
迪克发现自己正朝迈克家的方向走去。
②After wandering around, we found ourselves back at the hotel.
我们四处漫步后发现自己不知不觉回到了饭店。
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I find myself interested in playing badminton, for it doesn't cost me too much strength and time.
我发现自己对打羽毛球很感兴趣，因为这不会花费我太多的力气和时间。
2．翻译句子
④(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)当我在农场里干活的时候，我发现在烈日下在田里劳动是很艰辛的。
While working on the farm, I found it very hard to work in the fields under a hot sun.
[解其困]
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语， to do是真正的宾语)
(二)It is/was ... that/who ...强调句型
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①What was it that made his parents so happy
是什么使他父母这么高兴？
②It's the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for.
英国朋友们追求的是中国文化。
③Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry
是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯老师才生气的吗？
2．一句多译
直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。
④She didn't mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.
⑤It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(强调句型)
⑥Not until near the end of the letter did she mention her own plan.
[解其困]
(1)强调句的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
(4)not ... until ...结构的强调句型：
It is/was not until ... that ...
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
(2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C篇)对接主题：小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]In the mid 1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken① and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
[2]His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24 year old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
[3]This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of② police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened③ by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
[4]Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes④. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.,
①微积累——熟词生义：broken
adj.破损的 (熟义)
adj.虚弱的；衰弱的 (生义)
微点拨——第三段中作者利用举例子的写作手法来描写自己的见闻。
②微积累——taste短语大集锦：
get a taste of 体验；亲自感受
a taste for 对……的喜欢，尝试
to one's taste 合乎某人的口味/喜好
③构词法——sad的派生词
词源：sad adj.难过的；悲哀的
sadden v．使伤心；使难过
④微积累——熟词生义：eye
n．眼睛 (熟义)
n．视角；眼光 (生义)
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
8．What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan
A．His friends' invitation.
B．His interest in the country.
C．His love for teaching.
D．His desire to regain health.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan”可知，Bissell被乌兹别克斯坦这个国家所吸引着，所以他又回到了那里，故B项符合题意。
9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
解析：选D 代词指代题。根据第一段第三句中的“still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea”可知，他回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。画线词“that”指代上文中提到的“写文章”这件事。
10．Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan
A．Romantic. B．Eventful.
C．Pleasant. D．Dangerous.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段尤其是第一句中的“made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society”可知，Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行充满了变故。eventful意为“充满大事的，多变故的”，符合文意。故选B。
11．What is the purpose of this text
A．To introduce a book.
B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer.
D．To recommend a travel destination.
解析：选A 写作意图题。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价，即全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者推荐这本书，所以选A项。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第11题主要考查学生的概括性思维。文章第一段和第二段开头部分交代了《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的往事中》这本书的创作背景；第二段后半部分和第三段介绍了书的具体内容，包括主题、人物和事件等；最后一段描述了作者的创作手法、写作技巧以及对书的评价。综合全文来看，本文的中心是围绕着一本书展开的，目的就是为了介绍这本书。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了志愿者教师Tom Bissell在离开乌兹别克斯坦多年后，再次踏上中亚大陆，历经坎坷终于完成了一部关于中亚地区传统的一本书。这篇文章旨在引导学生运用辩证思维欣赏外国历史、传统与文化，开阔视野。侧重于培养学生的跨文化交流意识。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He just recovered from a broken (break) arm after a car accident.
2．He works as a translator (translate) of technical texts.
3．As time went by, I could work out the problems skillfully (skillful)．
4．We were deeply saddened (sad) by the news of her death.
5．The paper provided a detailed description (describe) of how to create the new material.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．You can walk along Qintai Road to get a taste of (亲自感受) the old city.
2．She viewed the findings with a positive eye (积极的视角)．
3．He resigned after being suspected of (被怀疑……) theft.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.
[句式解构] 本句是一个含有两个非限制性定语从句的主从复合句。句子的主语是“this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia”。其中which引导非限制性定语从句修饰主语，非限制性定语从句中又包含了一个由where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Karakalpakstan。hence是句子副词，在整句话中作状语，表示原因。
[句意翻译] 因而才有了《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的往事中》这本书。书中讲述了从塔什干到卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的一次公路旅行，那里有数百万人因海水的渐渐干涸而失去生命。
2．Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
[句式解构] 这是一个结构复杂的简单句。句子的主语是Mr Bissell，句子的谓语是organizes。该句的主句是“Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references”，句中的“making his tale a well rounded picture of Uzbekistan”为现在分词短语作结果状语，逻辑主语与make之间是主谓关系；“seen from Western eyes”是过去分词短语作方式状语，逻辑主语tale与see之间是动宾关系。
[句意翻译] 比斯尔先生将历史见解和文化素材巧妙地组织了起来，使他的故事以西方人的视角全面地展现了乌兹别克斯坦。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
你们学校开展征文比赛，要求介绍一本你最喜欢的书，请你写一篇短文参加征文比赛。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
My favorite book is Harry Potter. I think it is a nice and a funny book.It is good for us teenagers.
I like reading it because it is full of science fiction, it is easy to understand and it is the most funny book I have read. What I have learned a lot from it is that as a teenager, we should be confident and brave. I have the chance to learn some magical love to be a teenager like Harry Potter, flying and doing some magic tricks, that's my interest and that's the most important reason why I love reading Harry potter so much.In fact, the fiction story is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from it.
课下主题训练小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①background □ ②technique □
③reflect □ ④inspiration □
⑤thrilling □ ⑥vivid □
⑦comment □ ⑧description □
⑨masterpiece □ ⑩recommend □
translate □ subscribe □
appreciate □ discussion □
adapt □ volume □
original □ biography □
literature □ works □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．This volume records the history of the country's revolution. 卷
2．The house is filled with priceless furniture and works of art. 作品
3．After reading a biography of Lincoln he was able to tell many stories about the President.
传记
4．To do this you will need to copy the link to the service you wish to subscribe to. 订阅
5．We have all heard about his completion of the late artist's unfinished masterpiece.
杰作
6．I would like to make comments on the situation of the country simply. 评论
7．This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen. 改编
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is not the story itself but what is reflected (reflect) in the story that counts.
2．Can you give a description (describe) of the contents of your lost wallet
3．The film vividly (vivid) reflects the life of the college students.
4．It is assumed that this is the best possible translation (translate)．
5．If we love life, we will never run out of our inspirations (inspire)．
6．They settled down to a serious discussion (discuss) over coffee.
7．Please accept this gift in appreciation (appreciate) of all you've done for us.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I started reading Shakespeare when I was nine, after my grandfather, an actor, sent me a copy of Romeo and Juliet.The story and the language attracted me.I found out about Shakespeare Globe Centre New Zealand (SGCNZ) and started volunteering for it when I was about 10.When I was 13, I managed to run a film project with SGCNZ.
I'm home educated and a part time correspondence student (函授生) as well.We have a drama group made up of quite a few people who are also home educated.I've also joined Wellington Young Actors, a youth theatre company.There are many similarities and differences between being home educated and attending a five day program.I love hearing other students' reactions when meeting them and share my different ways of experiencing the world with them.While explaining the way I learn can be a challenge, I love helping people to understand there isn't just one way of learning.
Being home educated has offered me the freedom to have an individualized education and to pursue my passions.My education has always been about making those focuses but I do lots of the same things as people who attend five day programs do.Shakespeare is a great approach to lots of things around English, history and the arts.I think something you learn when you perform is connection.You have to have a connection with your fellow actors, with the audience and with Shakespeare.I learn this from actually being on stage and from taking part in different Shakespeare festival programs.
I believe it's the emotion in Shakespeare that makes it relevant today.You can be reading something that was written 400 years ago and be able to see parts of your life in the work as it shows you how to understand the world and explore a lot of different ideas.
语篇解读：我喜欢莎士比亚的作品，它们让我学会用不同的方式理解这个世界，并懂得如何更好地与人相处。
1．What does the underlined part “a five day program” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．A film project. B．A reading activity.
C．School education. D．Stage performance.
解析：选 C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“There are many similarities and differences ...when meeting them”可知，a five day program与being home educated之间有同有异，且通过前者，作者可以接触到其他学生，故可推知，该短语指的是学校教育。
2．Why does the author choose home education
A．To be different from others.
B．To better focus on his passions.
C．To enjoy more personal freedom.
D．To improve his academic performance.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Being home educated ...to pursue my passions.”可知，在家接受教育给了作者接受个性化教育的自由，让作者可以追求自己热爱的事物。
3．What do we know about the author
A．A famous young actor.
B．A loyal program volunteer.
C．A home education writer.
D．A devoted Shakespeare lover.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第三段中的“I learn this from actually being on stage and ...”可知，作者从小阅读莎士比亚的作品，并且通过舞台表演和参加不同的莎士比亚戏剧节的节目学到要与周围的人保持联系。由此可知，作者对莎士比亚的作品非常喜爱。
Ⅱ.语法填空
When we read a poem, we often imagine what the poets 1 (think) when they wrote or what they were doing at the time. These thoughts let us connect with the words better, as if we'd created the poem 2 (we). Will a poem still mean as much if a computer writes it
By 3 (use) algorithms (算法), computers can now create all kinds of texts, including research papers, books, news, stories and even puter generated poems might be correct in both grammar and style, 4 some say they still lack 5 (create) and true meaning.
Australian researcher Oscar Schwartz created a website 6 (call) “bot or not”. On his site, you can read poems and guess whether they 7 (write) by a human or a computer. Schwartz recently gave a speech at TEDxSydney, in 8 he stated that some of the website's poems were able to 9 (foolish) 65 percent of human readers. He said that on his website, he hoped people would question the difference between humans and machines — and be able to identify 10 makes us human.
语篇解读：当我们读诗的时候，我们会很容易跟诗人产生共鸣。澳大利亚研究人员Oscar Schwartz创建了一个用计算机写诗的网站，但此法是否可行呢？
1．were thinking 考查动词的时态。句意：当我们读一首诗时，我们通常会想象诗人在写诗的时候正在想什么或者他们在那个时候正在做什么。根据句意可知，此处表示在过去的某个时刻正在做某事，应用过去进行时，空处与“what they were doing”并列，故填were thinking。
2．ourselves 考查代词。句意：这些想法使我们更好地与这些文字联系起来，好像是我们自己创作了这首诗。根据句意可知，此处表示“我们自己”，故填ourselves。
3．using 考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词，故填using。
4．but/yet 考查连词。空前意为“电脑创作的诗可能在语法和风格上都是正确的”，空后意为“一些人说这样的诗仍缺乏创造性和真实的意义”，根据句意可知，前后句之间为转折关系，故填but/yet。
5．creativity/creativeness 考查名词。根据空后的“and true meaning”并结合语境可知，空处与“true meaning”构成并列关系，故填creativity/creativeness，此处表示“缺乏创造性和真实的意义”。
6．called 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词call和其逻辑主语a website之间构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作定语。
7．were written/are written 考查动词的语态和时态。分析句子结构可知，动词write和其主语之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；且动作有可能是在过去发生，也有可能是在现在经常性发生，故用一般过去时或一般现在时均可，故填were written/are written。
8．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，空处指代先行词“a speech”，指物，故用which来引导该从句。
9．fool 考查动词。根据空前的“were able to”和语境可知，此处表示这个网站的诗能够骗过65%的读者，此处应该使用动词，故填fool。
10．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作及物动词identify的宾语，且空处在从句中作主语，故填what。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Last Saturday I had a trip to a new opened park called Guangfulin Relics Park. When I got there I found the environment was perfect and that there was various birds flying around. That attracted me most was the strange building. It looked like a flooding house, the roof of which was above the water, and indeed it's “body” was under the water. People could get there by going down the stair. In the building there was an exhibition which was very much great, for there were plenty architectural models and exhibits.
In a word, this park is a place worth visited again.
答案：第一句：new→newly
第二句：第二个was→were
第三句：That→What; the→a
第四句：flooding→flooded; it's→its
第五句：stair→stairs
第六句：去掉much; plenty后加of
第七句：visited→visiting
Ⅳ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你校将举办“中国古典名著研讨会(seminar)”活动。请用英文给喜欢中国文学的外教Smith写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加该活动。内容包括：
1．活动时间和地点；
2．活动目的：走进中国古典文学，感受中国传统文化；
3．活动内容：探讨名家，交流阅读经验。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Smith，
I'm writing to tell you something exciting. There will be a seminar about Chinese classics in our school hall next Friday. Now let me tell you more details about it.
Basically, the activity is aimed to offer us a further approach into Chinese classics and help us form a better understanding of the traditional Chinese culture. During the activity, we will read and appreciate the charming Chinese works in various ways. Meanwhile, we will have some discussions about the famous masters, which will allow students to communicate with each other face to face, sharing their own reading experience together. It will be a wonderful activity, and I sincerely invite you to join in it.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
25(共81张PPT)
把握主题
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para.
本文是一篇说明文。为了弄清生
态系统的运转,科学家建立了数
建立数学模数学模型的作用之数学模型的作数学模型的作用之数学模型的作用
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为了弄清科学家发现了一些模型也揭示出端的人们无计划的数学模型可用来
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作为最高层的掠食动物,其一举
的运转
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动都会影响整个生态系统Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．astronomy n． 天文学
2．astronomer n. 天文学家
3．solar adj. 太阳的；日光的
4．billion pron.&n.& adj. 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿
5．carbon n. 碳
6．dioxide n. 二氧化物
7．dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散
8．acid n. 酸
9．chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链
10．multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加
11．oxygen n. 氧
12．mammal n. 哺乳动物
13．extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的
14．lessen vi.& vt. 减少；减轻
15．weightlessly adv. 失重地
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．system n. 系统；体系；制度
2．theory n. 学说；理论
3．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛
4．unlike prep. 与……不同；不像
5．fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的
6．thus adv. 因此；于是
7．gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的
8．physicist n. 物理学家
9．climate n. 气候
10．crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落
11．pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
12．float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的
2．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家→biological adj.生物的
3．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violently adv.猛烈地→violence n．暴力
4．harm n．& v．伤害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
6．puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
7．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的
8．like vt.喜欢 prep.像→unlike prep.与……不同；不像→dislike vt.&n.不喜欢；讨厌→likely adj.可能的
9．react v．反应→reaction n．反应；回应
[语境活用]
1．Since my younger brother is fond of biology, he is determined to become a biologist when he grows up.(biology)
2．Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)
3．There was a puzzled look on the little girl's face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)
4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom.(religion)
5．As is known to us, everyone has his likes and dislikes.My little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)
6．The harmful materials became harmless to the environment after being dealt with.(harm)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．harmful adj.有害的
背词条用法 (1)be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害 对某人有害 做某事没有坏处
背写作佳句 ①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful to their health. 有些男生太痴迷于玩电脑游戏，这对他们的健康非常有害。②If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him. 如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你给他打个电话没有坏处。
2.exist vi.存在；生存
背词条用法 (1)exist in 存在于……之中exist on (＝live on) sth. 靠某物生存there exist(s) ... 有……；存在……(2)come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
背写作佳句 ①You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he's earning. 你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。②There exists a good way to solve the existing problem at present. 目前有一个解决现存问题的好办法。③No one knows when such a custom first came into existence. 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候最先开始存在的。
3．puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)困惑n.谜；难题
背词条用法 (1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
背写作佳句 ①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened. 警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。②Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us. 失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。③You will be puzzled about their meanings if you don't learn about the background of these Tang poems. 如果你不了解这些唐诗的写作背景，你将会对它们的含义感到很困惑
4．pull n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
背词条用法 pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；拉出；拔出
背写作佳句 ①The father saw the train his son was on pull out, with his eyes full of tears. 那位父亲眼含泪水看着载着他儿子的火车驶出(车站)。②Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial, and people are still looking for other possible solutions. 这个地区的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，人们仍在寻找其他可能的解决方法。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．in time 及时；终于
2．lay eggs 下蛋
3．give birth to 产生；分娩
4．in one's turn 轮到某人
5．watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防
6．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
7．depend on 依靠；取决于
8．break out 突发；爆发
9．prevent ...from 阻止；制止
10．block out 挡住(光线)
11．get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
12．now that 既然
重点短语拓展用活
1．in time及时；终于；迟
背相关短语 (1)in time for ... 刚好赶上……in time to do sth. 及时做某事(2)in no time 立刻；马上at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装) at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时
背写作佳句 ①As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time. 常言道，“有志者，事竟成。”我们的努力迟早会有所回报。②At the same time, we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class. 同时，我们将给你们班带去大约500本书。③Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time. 幸运的是，我适应了新的环境，一切很快就恢复了正常。
2．in one's turn轮到某人；接着
背相关短语 in turn 依次；相应地；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that ... 结果是……
背写作佳句 ①I, in my turn, became embarrassed and angry and told her to take the money back. 这下轮到我既尴尬又气愤了，我告诉她把钱拿回去。②I think it's my turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。③It turned out that this young man was none other than the old man's son. 结果，这位年轻人竟然是这位老人的儿子。
3．cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
背相关短语 cheer sb.up 使某人振作起来cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for 为……喝彩叫好/鼓劲加油
背写作佳句 ①I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我的确希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！②All her family and her friends come to the game and cheer for her. 她所有的家人和朋友都来参加这个比赛并为她加油。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. (make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do)
这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
佳句① (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I think it a good idea to bring a small gift when we attend a dinner party. 我认为参加晚宴时带一个小礼物是个好主意。
佳句② His decision made it possible for us to finish the work by four o'clock this afternoon. 他的决定使我们在今天下午四点以前完成工作成为可能。
2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. (倍数表达法：倍数＋as ...as ...)
但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
佳句① Li Ping devoted three times as much time and energy as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. 李萍付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。
佳句② There are five times as many books in our library as in yours. 我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的五倍多。
3．We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased. (形容词作伴随状语)
我们惊奇地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
佳句① Too nervous, I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam. However, I didn't worry but tried to calm myself down. 由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。但我没有着急，而是努力使自己平静下来。
佳句② After the long journey, the three of us went back home, hungry and tired. 长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.
事实上，我们对宇宙了解得很少，甚至不知道它是如何形成的。
2．The Chinese people have been dreaming of going into outer space for a long time.
中国人一直梦想着探索外太空。
3．So crazy am I about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.
我对太空探索如此痴迷，以至于业余时间我常常去图书馆阅读有关太空探索的东西。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——建议信(三)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，得知外国笔友David将于暑假期间来中国学习功夫。请根据以下提示，用英语给他写一封邮件。内容包括：
1．表示欢迎； 2.提几点建议； 3.祝学习顺利。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear David，
Welcome to China. I'm delighted to hear you're coming to learn Chinese kung fu during the summer holiday. I'd like to offer you some advice.
Chinese kung fu has been popular all over the world, but learners have to practise it again and again to master it. I suggest you watch some videos on the Internet to make good preparations before coming to China. Also, you should buy special shoes and clothes made in Chinese style. They are comfortable to wear when you are learning kung fu. Moreover, it's a good idea to learn how to use chopsticks, which can help you to enjoy tasty Chinese food.
Hopefully, your kung fu study will go well.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇，如delighted, master, make good preparations, tasty等。
(2)恰当使用高级句式结构，如：suggest后跟使用虚拟语气的宾语从句you watch some videos ...；过去分词短语作定语made in Chinese style；it作形式主语it's a good idea to learn how to use chopsticks；非限制性定语从句which can help you to enjoy tasty Chinese food等。这些极大地增强了文章的可读性。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾用hopefully开头，表达了对笔友David学习中国功夫的祝愿，体现了对朋友的关心。
3．学过渡衔接
文中but, also, moreover等过渡词语和过渡句I'd like to offer you some advice.的恰当运用，使得各内容要点之间衔接自然流畅，上下文结构紧凑。
4．防微点失分
考生容易把“I suggest you watch ...before coming to China.”中的coming因忽略分析句子成分而错用come，或把“They are comfortable to wear when you ...”中的to wear因不知道动词不定式的主动表被动用法而错误地使用了不定式的被动式to be worn，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She pulled (拉) the little boy gently towards her just now.
2．He found something floating (漂浮) on the lake, which frightened him.
3．A truck went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus.
4．Fresh air is fundamental (基础的) to good health, so we should make every effort to improve air quality.
5．He has broken the world record, thus (因此) winning his first gold medal.
6．The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (理论) must be based on facts.
7．The atmosphere (氛围) of the picnic is very friendly.Children are having fun with each other.
8．Unlike (不像) his brother he is talkative and has a sense of humour.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．(2020·浙江1月高考)The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year！ 十亿
2．(2020·江苏高考)Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. 理论
3．(2019·北京高考)When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. 碳
4．(2019·江苏高考)It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200cm3. 哺乳动物
5．They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. 撞车
6．We nearly exhausted our coal reserved for the winter, which worried me a lot.
用完；耗尽
7．①It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory. 繁殖；增殖
②In maths class the children are already learning to multiply and divide. 乘
③Our problems have multiplied since last year. 迅速增加
8．(熟词生义)The idea was first floated in a speech given by the president a few months ago. 提出
9．(熟词生义)She hadn't chained her dog up, so it got killed on the main road.
用链条系住
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.When I was little, my mother told me that wood floats (float) on water.
2．Not all people are aware of the various effects of global(globe) warming on earth.
3．I could feel the wind gently (gentle) blowing through my hair and it was a warm summer breeze.
4．It is wrong to see violence (violent) as the only way to solve problems.
5.My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.
6．As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull down than to build up.
7.During those four years, he worked day and night, thus improving (improve) his theory gradually until it was completed.
8．For lots of people, the natural reaction (react) is to get angry when they are cheated by others.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．我试图站起来，可是已经筋疲力尽了。(exhausted)
I tried to stand up, but I was completely exhausted.
2．到目前为止，还没有证据支持这种理论。(theory)
To date there is no evidence to support this theory.
3．这个国家曾一度为其教育体系感到自豪。但现在它似乎已经千疮百孔了。(system)
This country was once proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ruins.
4．与西方风俗习惯不同，中国人更加重视春节。(unlike)
Unlike western customs, Chinese pay more attention to the Spring Festival.
5．他相信和中国建立更加良好的关系是这一地区的繁荣发展的基础。(fundamental)
He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the well being of the area.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)“木头漂浮在水面上”是客观真理，故用一般现在时态。
(2)be fundamental to“是……的根本”。
(3)thus improving ... 是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．harmful
[明其义]
adj.有害的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health.
②As far as I'm concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first.
③The local government closed down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment.
(2)一句多译
众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。
④What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to your health.(harmful)
⑤It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to your health.(harm n．)
2．exist
[明其义]
vi.存在；生存
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．
②He finds it hard to exist on the money he's earning.
(2)补全句子
③The parking place for bikes was an existing problem for a long time in our school.
在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。
④As is known to us, there exists a generation gap between the young and the old.
众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。
[解其困]
exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
3．puzzle
[明其义]
vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)困惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①After hearing the news, he had a puzzled (puzzle) look on his face.
②His last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling，which even puzzle all the artists.(puzzle)
(2)一句多译
消防员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。
③The cause of the fire was a puzzle to the firemen.(puzzle n．)
④The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire.(puzzled adj.)
⑤What puzzled the firemen was the cause of the fire.(puzzle v．；主语从句)
[解其困]
过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
cheer up， get the hang of， in one's turn， break out， watch out for， in time， block out， give birth to
1．When the famous professor turned up, all the students cheered up.
2.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke out at ten this morning.
3．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in its turn.
4．Only by practising time and time again can you get the hang of the grammar rules.
5．She married at 25 and gave birth to her first child shortly after.
6．She bought a heavy curtain to block out the light.
7.I'm just so glad I was there in time to help my son.
8．Do remember to watch out for cars while crossing the street.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发，是不及物动词短语。
(2)in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．in turn VS by turns
比较 ①All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice. ②The shop assistants had to have their days off by turns.
辨清 by turns 是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn，它还有“反过来”的意思。
2．cheer up VS cheer on
比较 ①The audience stood up to cheer on their team. ②Nobody can help you, you need to cheer up！
辨清 (1)cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。(2)cheer sb.on“(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油”。
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)make it＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①People in China make it a rule to buy New Year's gifts for their relatives and friends.
在中国，人们常在新年购买礼物给亲朋好友。
②Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。
③I considered it no use quarrelling with him about it.
我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。
2．翻译句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)新建的体育馆足够大，这使我们有可能参加各种各样的活动。
The newly built stadium is large enough, which makes it possible for us to take part in various activities.
[解其困]
(1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等。
(二)倍数表达法
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.
我的学校已经发展成一个大学校，它是以前的三倍大。
②The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
电子垃圾流的增长速度是传统垃圾总量的三倍。
③The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
2．一句多译
正在建的新体育馆是操场的两倍大。
④The new stadium being built will be twice as big as the playground.(as)
⑤The new stadium being built will be twice the size of the playground.(size)
⑥The new stadium being built will be twice bigger than the playground.(than)
[解其困]
倍数表达法的常见结构：
倍数(...times)
注意：(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。
(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2019天津高考·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：地球与宇宙奥秘探索
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]How does an ecosystem (生态系统) work What makes the populations of different species① the way they are Why are there so many flies and so few wolves To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
[2]With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance②， consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator (掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey (猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction (灭绝) of one of them. species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
[3]Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where③ small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species — including species they did not directly attack.
[4]And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected④ the ecological balance.
[5]Scientists have built an early warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key⑤， scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point (临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.,
①微积累——单复数同形词汇大集合：
species n． 物种；种类
means n. 方式；方法
series n. 系列
sheep n. 羊
deer n. 鹿
works n. 工厂
②微点拨——举例说明
由for instance, for example, such as，或破折号等引起的短语或句子一般是举例项，例子一般是和文章的中心或段落主题句紧密相关的。举例说明是阅读的风向标，有利于理解语篇和解题。
通句式——句子(1)是一个复合句，if引导的是条件状语从句；that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词another species；when引导时间状语从句。
③微技法——根据定语从句解题：
第48题可以根据where引导的定语从句解题。
④辨易混——区分“影响”：
affect v．影响(着重影响的动作)
effect n．影响(着重“造成”一种特殊的效果)
⑤微点拨——prevention is key “预防是关键”，简单明了的指出如何维持生态平衡。
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
46．What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs
A．The living habits of species in food webs.
B．The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C．The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D．The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
解析：选B 细节理解题。第一段说，为了弄清生态系统的运转，科学家建立了数学模型；第二段说，通过这一模型，科学家找到了生态系统食物网中运行的一些关键原则，故选B。
47．A strong link is found between two species when a predator .
A．has a wide food choice
B．can easily find new prey
C．sticks to one prey species
D．can quickly move to another place
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“When a predator (掠食动物) ...strongly linked”可知，当一种掠食动物总是大量猎食单一的猎物时，那么它们之间就存在着紧密的联系，故本题选C。
48．What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline
A．The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B．The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C．The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D．The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems”可知，位于食物网顶端的掠食动物数量的细微变化都会给整个生态系统带来巨大变化，这与D项陈述相符。
49．What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4
A．Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B．Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C．Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D．Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句“未经计划的人类活动证明了顶端掠食动物自上而下控制的观点是正确的”是这一段的主题句，下面的例子是为了证明这一观点，根据本段最后一句“这些行为已经大大影响了生态平衡”可知，人为的不受控制的行为会扰乱生态平衡，故选A。
50．How does an early warning system help us maintain the ecological balance
A．By getting illegal practices under control.
B．By stopping us from killing large predators.
C．By bringing the broken down ecosystems back to normal.
D．By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这个系统是以数学模型为基础建立的，能告诉我们什么时候应该改变人类把生态系统逼向崩溃的活动，然后说“预防是关键”。故选D。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
本文第49题考查学生结合生活常识运用批判性思维解题的能力。本题题干意为：从第四段的例子中我们可以得出什么结论？第四段中以人类在海洋中捕食顶端掠食动物鳕鱼和在陆地上大量杀死顶端掠食动物狼为例来解释说明第一句话。根据“These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.”并结合生活常识可知，不受控制的人类活动极大地影响了生态系统。B、C、D三项文中没有提及，故选A项。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家用数学模型来弄清生态系统运转的奥秘，旨在激发考生对大自然的兴趣，引领考生去探索大自然的奥秘，揭开大自然未知的秘密。自古以来，地球一直存在着许多未解之谜，正是这种神秘激励着人们不断为此努力探索、求知。认识地球、探索地球奥秘，一直是人们渴望和追求的目标。在探索求知的过程中，不仅能提高学生们的精神境界，也有利于培养创新和实践能力，从而实现自我超越。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This region is the home of many species (species) of wild flowers.
2．Stick to your principles (principle) and tell them you won't do it.
3．The girls walked shoulder to shoulder with their arms linked (link)．
4．We have been collecting data from various (vary) sources.
5．Originally (original), we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The team consisting of (由……组成) five doctors and ten nurses were sent to the remote village.
2．I was relieved to find out (发现) that my problems were easy to solve.
3．Gradually, the boy adapted to (适应) his new school life.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
[句式解构] 本句是含有两个宾语从句的主从复合句。句子主干是“scientists have built mathematical models of food webs”。其中不定式短语“To find an answer”在句中作目的状语；“noting who eats whom and how much each one eats”为现在分词短语作方式状语，现在分词noting之后接了两个并列的宾语从句。
[句意翻译] 为了找到答案，科学家们建立了食物网的数学模型，记录了谁吃谁，吃了多少。
2．Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.
[句式解构] 本句是一个含有一个宾语从句和一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是Mathematical models，谓语动词是have revealed。逗号前面部分是句子的主句，“that food webs may be unstable”是宾语从句。逗号后是关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词food webs。
[句意翻译] 数学模型还揭示出，食物网可能是不稳定的。在食物网顶端掠食动物的细微变化都会对整个生态系统产生巨大影响。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
一天，你在图书馆读了一篇关于生物生态系统的文章，你感觉收获很多，并计划呼吁周围的人一起来重视生态平衡，保护环境，请就此写一篇小短文。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Last weekend, I happened to go to the city library to do some reading. I came across a science book about the balance of nature. I was deeply attracted by it and at the same time I learnt a lot from it. It never occurred to me that we human beings had so close a relationship with wildlife, just like water and fish, without which we can't live peacefully. At that time I decided to call on people around me to spare no effort to protect the environment and keep the balance of nature.
课下主题训练地球与宇宙奥秘探索
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①microscope □ ②experiment □
③invention □ ④message □
⑤latitude □ ⑥component □
⑦patent □ ⑧function □
⑨advance □ ⑩contribute □
automatic □ digital □
portable □ scientific □
technical □ telescope □
globe □ orbit □
comet □ equator □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth. 轨道
2．Severe low temperatures vary with latitude and distance from the ocean. 纬度
3．The protection of patent rights has been further strengthened. 专利
4．All the planets orbit the sun in roughly the same plane, round its equator. 赤道
5．It's hoped that the telescope will enable scientists to see deeper into the universe than ever before. 望远镜
6．The new digital technology would allow a rapid expansion in the number of TV channels.
数字的
7．My watch is automatic, so there's no need to wind it. 自动的
8．The function of the cells is not known. 功能
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This project involves a lot of complex technical (technology)problems.
2．Seated in the first line are some advanced (advance) workers.
3．She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific (science) achievements.
4．He is respected by people from all over the world because of the great contributions (contribute)．
5．In ancient China we had many advanced inventions (invent)，which led to today's civilization and development.
6．Now that we are all part of the global (globe)village, everyone should protect it.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
“I'm ready，” said Alyssa Carson，a now 17 year old astronaut in training from Baton Rouge，Louisiana.For her，riding the most aggressive roller coaster in the park is not a big deal.If all goes according to her plans, NASA will send her to Mars in 2033, making her the first human to step foot on the planet.She will spend two to three years doing something on it, growing food, performing science experiments, and searching for signs of life.“The Martian is actually very accurate，” she said.“A lot of the things that happened in the movie are similar to what is going to happen.” She's devoted her entire life to preparing for this journey.
Her love for space started when she was 3 years old and watched a cartoon called The Backyardigans.Five animal pals go on imaginary adventures in their backyard including one part, a mission to Mars.“I thought ‘This red planet is so cool’，” she said.“I started watching videos of rovers landing on Mars.I had a large map of Mars in my room I would look at.We started getting telescopes so we could look at space.”
At 7 her father took her to US Space Camp in Huntsville, Alabama.“That was the weekend of my life，” she said.“I got to learn everything I had been wanting to know and more ...I got to see a life size rocket.” She cherished the rocket so much that she returned 18 times.At the age of 12 she became the first person in history to attend all three NASA space camps.
At first she mastered the basics of space and how humans have explored it throughout time.As she got older she simulated (模拟)missions，trying to reach a destination in gravity free, weightless zones.
When she was 9, she met NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus.The experienced explorer told her she was the same age as her when she decided to go to space.At that moment Alyssa knew her love of space was not a passing hobby.“I did the same thing as other kids，like switching my mind about careers, wanting to be a teacher or the president one day，” she said.“But the way I always thought about it was I would become an astronaut，go to Mars，come back，and then be a teacher or the president.”
语篇解读：Alyssa Carson从小就梦想能登上火星，多年来她一直在为实现这个梦想而努力准备着。
1．Why is Alyssa Carson great
A．Because she has created model missions to Mars.
B．Because she is the youngest to have completed astronaut training.
C．Because she is likely to be the first human to perform different tasks on Mars.
D．Because she has visited the space camp in Huntsville，Alabama for nearly 20 times.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“NASA will send her to Mars in 2033 ...searching for signs of life”可推知，Alyssa Carson之所以伟大，是因为她将有可能成为第一个登上火星并在火星上执行多种任务的人。
2．NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus is mentioned in the last paragraph to stress .
A．the power of space dream
B．the popularity of space travel
C．the importance of career choice
D．the excitement of her going into space
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The experienced explorer told her ...was not a passing hobby.”可推知，作者在这里提到Sandra Magnus是为了表明这位宇航员对Alyssa Carson的影响，Alyssa Carson因为这位宇航员的话，更加坚定了自己登上火星的梦想。
3．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To introduce American space industry.
B．To improve the values of American teens.
C．To encourage tours to Mars.
D．To present a rising American space star.
解析：选D 写作意图题。文章介绍了Alyssa Carson登上火星的梦想的缘由、她为之所做的努力以及对该梦想的看法；此外，根据第一段的内容可知，Alyssa Carson将有可能成为第一个登上火星的人。故D项符合题意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In my childhood, there were no smart phones or computers. Still, I never felt bored. The field, 1 and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground. I can remember once hiking to a nearby 2 and walking slowly around it. At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before. It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but 3 it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I 4 on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure someone was 5 in my ears to ask me to turn around and 6 back home but I was 7 and even a bit stupid, so I walked on. There was still neither a car nor a house 8 . My legs were getting tired. I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew 9 . I didn't want to end up 10 on this road in the dark of night, and I was worried that it would be dark 11 I could make my way back to the lake again.
I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me. My heart was 12 and my legs were aching. When I 13 one last corner and saw a house that I 14 ， I jumped up and down and laughed out loud. I knew the way home! It was still over a mile away, but 15 felt like feathers. I 16 into the house with a big smile just in time for dinner. Then I ended my adventure with a good night's sleep.
I remembered this recently when I saw a 17 that said, “All roads lead home.” This is true. I also remembered a sage (智者) compared life to a journey. Are we going to make this life a terrible 18 or are we going to make the life a joyful one It 19 our own choice.
All roads no matter how they twist and turn, can 20 us home in our hearts. May you always walk your path with love! May you always help your fellow travelers along the way!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”沿着湖边一条不熟悉的小路散步，不知不觉天色已晚，“我”很害怕但还是在晚饭前回到了家。回家的路不止一条，心中有家，总能找到回家的路。
1．A.towns B．farms
C．hills D．villages
解析：选C 根据上句，并结合该句“The field, and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.”可知，“我”家周围的田野、山地(hills)、树林都是完美的游乐场，故C项正确。
2．A.lake B．farmhouse
C．forest D．highway
解析：选A 根据该句中的“and walking slowly around it”，并结合第二段尾句中的“the lake”可以推断，“我”绕着附近的一个湖泊(lake)散步；A项意为“湖泊”，故A项正确。
3．A.appreciating B．refusing
C．introducing D．exploring
解析：选D 根据上文中的“At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.”可知，这条古旧的土路“我”从来没有看到过；结合该句内容可知，土路上满是泥泞的轮胎印迹，两边是深林，但探索(exploring)它仍然像是一次美妙的冒险。D项意为“探索”，故D项正确。
4．A.drove B．walked
C．flew D．rode
解析：选B 根据上文“walking slowly”可以推断“我”一直走(walked)，似乎走了几个小时，故B项正确。下文中的“walked on”亦是提示。
5．A.scolding B．whispering
C．singing D．waving
解析：选B 根据该句中的“in my ears”，并结合全句内容可知，“我”确信有人在“我”的耳边低语(whispering)；B项意为“低语”，故B项正确。
6．A.wander B．land
C．pace D．head
解析：选D 根据该句中的“turn around and”和“back home”可知，有一个人在“我”耳边低语，让“我”转身、回家；head back home意为“回家”，故D项正确。
7．A.stubborn B．desperate
C．sad D．anxious
解析：选A 根据该句中的“and even a bit stupid, so I walked on”可推知，空处应和形容词“stupid”对应，故A项“固执的”，符合语境。
8．A.in order B．in comfort
C．in sight D．in need
解析：选C 根据该句“There was still neither a car nor a house ”，并结合上文的内容可知，“我”沿着一条古旧的土路一直走，仍然看不到一辆车、一间房子；C项意为“看得见，在视野内”，符合语境，故C项正确。
9．A.thrilled B．disappointed
C．astonished D．scared
解析：选D 根据该句中的“I noticed that the sun was starting to go down”及常识可推知，“我”注意到太阳开始下山了，“我”感到害怕(scared)。
10．A.exposed B．trapped
C．injured D．worried
解析：选B 根据语境可推知，“我”不想在黑夜里被困(trapped)在这条路上；B项意为“被困的”，故B项正确。
11．A.though B．if
C．when D．before
解析：选D 根据语境可知，“我”担心在“我”再次回到湖边之前(before)天会黑下来。
12．A.beating B．sinking
C．blocking D．racing
解析：选D 根据空前一句“I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me.”可知，“我”继续前进，心里越来越害怕；据此可以推断，“我”的心急速跳动(racing)着，双腿隐隐作痛；D项意为“急速跳动”，故D项正确。
13．A.searched B．turned
C．checked D．examined
解析：选B 根据该句中的“When I one last corner and saw a house”可知，当“我”转过最后一个拐角时，“我”看到了一幢房子；B项意为“转弯”，故B项正确。
14．A.owned B．overlooked
C．recognized D．defined
解析：选C 根据该句中的“I jumped up and down and laughed out loud”可知，“我”上下跳了起来，并笑出了声；据此可以推断，“我”认出(recognized)了一幢房子；C项意为“认出”，故C项正确。
15．A.arms B．legs
C．head D．hands
解析：选B 根据空前一句“I knew the way home！”可知，“我”知道了回家的路；结合该句“It was still over a mile away, but felt like feathers.”且和该段第二句中的“my legs were aching”呼应可推知，虽然离家还有不止一英里，但“我”感到双腿(legs)轻松起来，故B项正确。
16．A.danced B．stormed
C．dragged D．jumped
解析：选A 根据上文中的“I jumped up and down and laughed out loud”可知，看到认识的房子，“我”很兴奋；结合该句中的“with a big smile just in time for dinner”可推知，“我”蹦蹦跳跳(danced)地进了房子，刚好赶上吃晚饭；A项意为“雀跃，轻快地移动”，故A项正确。
17．A.design B．signature
C．signal D．sign
解析：选D 根据该句“I remembered this recently when I saw a that said, ‘All roads lead home’”可知，“我”看到一个标牌(sign)，上面写着：“回家的路不止一条。”D项意为“标牌”，故D项正确。
18．A.scene B．trip
C．event D．sight
解析：选B 根据上文中的“a journey”并结合该句内容可推知，我们是要人生之旅(trip)变得糟糕，还是要让它变得快乐？B项意为“旅行”，故B项正确。
19．A.depends on B．decides on
C．deals with D．refers to
解析：选A 结合该句“It our own choice”可推知，这取决于(depends on)我们自己的选择。A项意为“取决于”，故A项正确。
20．A.move B．urge
C．lead D．transport
解析：选C 根据上文中的“All roads lead home”可知，回家的路不止一条；结合该句语境可知，道路不管多么曲折，都能指引(lead)我们回家。C项意为“引领”，故C项正确。
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25(共77张PPT)
①点明写信目的,向对方表达感谢
谢②描述事件经过
③再次表示感谢,表达回报心情
把握主题
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了
荷兰的城市希尔弗瑟姆,向我们
简要介绍 Hilversum:介绍其主要介绍其主
介绍其著名的现代建筑:Ⅰ ts moderr
展现了这个城市的地理位置、历
Its geographical
工业之
要工业
architecture. There are are so many
position and the
Its textile
Its medium
masterpieces that hilversum almost
史概况、经济文化发展状况和建
general situation
industry
industry
feels like an open air museum
筑等相关信息。Unit 5 Canada — “The True North”
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．multicultural adj. 多种文化的
2．quiz n. 测验；问答比赛
3．polar adj. 极地的；近极地的
4．continent n. 洲；大陆
5．baggage n. 行李
6．harbour n. 海港
7．eagle n. 鹰
8．urban adj. 城市的；市镇的
9．bush n. 灌木(丛)；矮树(丛)
10．frost n. 霜；霜冻
11．mist n. 薄雾
12．booth n. 公用电话间；货摊；售货亭
13．downtown adj. 市区的
adv. 在市区；往市区
14．approximately adv. 接近；大约
15．buffet n. 自助餐；饮食柜台
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．chat vi.& n. 聊天；闲聊
2．scenery n. 景色；风景
3．measure vi.& vt. 测量；衡量；判定
n. 计量制；计量单位；措施
4．aboard prep.& adv. 在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；上(船、飞机、火车等)
5．within prep. 在……之内
6．topic n. 话题
7．confirm vt. 证实；证明；批准
8．dawn n. 黎明；拂晓；破晓
9．broad adj. 宽阔的；广泛的
10．nearby adv. 在附近
adj. 附近的；邻近的
11．pleased adj. 欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．surround vt.包围；围绕→surroundings n．(复数)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的
2．slight adj.轻微的；微小的→slightly adv.稍稍；轻微地
3．tradition n．传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统地
4．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的→impression n．印象
5．terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的→terrifying adj.令人恐惧的→terror n．恐惧→terrible adj.恐怖的；恐惧的
6．wealth n．财富→wealthy adj.富有的
7．mix vt.& vi.混合；调配→mixture n．混合(物)；混合状态
8．distant adj.远的；远方的；疏远的→distance n．距离；远方
[语境活用]
1．Robert left his hometown as a poor boy and returned as an extremely wealthy man.However, he knows that wealth doesn't mean everything.(wealth)
2．Though there is a long distance between Tom and his family, they don't feel distant.(distant)
3．With so many trees and flowers surrounding it, the school looks very nice. I'd like to bring up my son in healthy surroundings, so I would like to send him to it.(surround)
4．When they saw the terrifying scene, everyone on the spot felt terrified and couldn't say a word.(terrify)
5．So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad.To tell you the truth, I am deeply impressed by its beautiful scenery.(impress)
6．The little boy mixed vinegar with sugar, and the mixture tasted not so bad.(mix)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．surround vt.包围；围绕
背词条用法 surround ...with ... 用……包围/围绕……be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕
背写作佳句 ①Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial. 围绕在给你尊重和提供帮助的人的周围会非常有益。②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The farm is surrounded by/with a great many green trees. 农场被很多绿树围绕。
2．measure vi.&vt.测量；衡量；判定n.计量制；计量单位；措施；尺寸
背词条用法 (1)measure ... by ... 用……来衡量……(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事make sth. to sb.'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
背写作佳句 Much to my sadness, I have to wear the coats made to my own measure because I'm getting fatter nowadays. Although I know beauty shouldn't be measured by a good shape, it's time for me to take measures to lose weight. 令我伤心的是，我不得不穿照我自己的尺寸做的衣服，因为我现在越来越胖了。虽然我知道美丽不应该用好身材来衡量，但现在是我采取措施减肥的时候了。
3．confirm vt.证实；证明；批准
背词条用法 (1)confirm a theory/rumour 证实一种理论/谣言confirm sb. in the belief that ... 使某人坚信……confirm that ... 确定/证实……(2)It has been confirmed that ... 已经确定/证实……
背写作佳句 ①It has been confirmed that the coming of age ceremony will take place next week. 已经确定成人礼将于下个星期举行。②The recent airplane crash confirms me in the belief that stronger safety regulations are needed. 最近的空难使我坚信，更安全的规则被需要。
4．distance n．距离；远方；遥远；疏远 v．拉开距离；与……疏远
背词条用法 (1)in the distance 在远处at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远(2)keep one's distance (from) (与……)保持距离keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
背写作佳句 ①(2018·浙江高考读后续写)Much to our delight, the sound of water in the distance caught our attention and drove us to the river bank. 令我们特别高兴的是，远处的水声吸引了我们的注意，把我们引到了河边。②It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance. 很难搞懂她，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。
5．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记；给……留下极深的印象
背词条用法 (1)impress sb. with sth. 某事给某人留下深刻印象impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory (mind)使某人对某事有印象；使某人铭记某事be impressed with/by/at ... 对……印象深刻；被……所感动(2)leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象
背写作佳句 ①My father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me. →My father impressed me with the value of hard work. 我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)My English teacher made/left a good impression on me by her rich knowledge and humorous talk. 我的英语老师以丰富的知识和幽默的谈话给我留下了很好的印象。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．dream of/about 梦想……
2．settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
3．be surrounded by/with 被……包围
4．manage to do 设法做
5．catch sight of 看见；瞥见
6．have a gift for 有……天赋
7．in the distance 在远处
8．at dawn 在黎明；在拂晓
9．be impressed with ... 对……印象深刻
10．in charge of 负责
11．as far as 远至……；就……而言；
尽……所能
重点短语拓展用活
1．settle down定居；平静下来；专心于
背相关短语 settle down to (doing) sth. 开始专注于(做)某事；着手认真做某事settle in/into 安顿下来；适应(新的工作环境等) settle a problem/an argument 解决问题/争论
背写作佳句 ①In the past, he often dreamed of retiring in England and settling down in the country. 过去他常梦想着在英国退休并在乡间安顿下来。②Before we settle down to discussing other things, I have a question to ask you. 在我们开始讨论别的事情之前，我有个问题要请教你。
2．manage to do设法做
背相关短语 manage sb. 设法对付某人manage sth. 经营/管理……manage it 成功做到；设法完成
背写作佳句 ①I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary. 我不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪水是怎样设法生存的。②Thank you all the same. I can manage it myself. 我还是要谢谢你。我自己能行。
3．as far as远至……；就……而言；尽……所能
背相关短语 as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就某人/物而言as far as the eye can see/reach 就视力所能及as far as I can see 依我看as far as sb. know 就某人所知
背写作佳句 ①There is a large lake near my house, which extends as far as the foot of the hill. 我的房子附近有一个很大的湖，它延伸到山脚。②(2019·浙江6月高考写作)As far as I am concerned, only by studying hard at ordinary time can we succeed eventually. 就我而言，只有平时努力学习，我们才能最终取得成功。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver ...(rather than“而不是；与其；不愿”)
她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华……
佳句① As we intend to climb mountains, do be sure to wear gym shoes rather than leather shoes. 既然我们打算去爬山，一定要穿运动鞋而不是穿皮鞋。
佳句② It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected. 正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人才应得到尊敬。
2．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.(独立主格结构)
那儿湿度很大以至于树都长得特别高，一些树测量起来高达90多米。
佳句① Time permitting，we will watch a film there, which is surely about the history of Yandang Mountain. 如果时间允许的话，我们将会看一部关于雁荡山历史的电影。
佳句② Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon. 树叶到处飘落，我突然意识到秋天来临了。
3．They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.(not ...until ...“直到……才……”)
她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。
佳句① She didn't start the lesson until the students settled down. 等到学生平静下来后，她才开始上课。
佳句② Not until she spoke had I realized she wasn't English. 直到她开口说话我才知道她不是英国人。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．Standing on the top of the mountain, the temple has witnessed many changes in this area.
坐落在山顶上的寺庙见证了这个地区的许多变化。
2．New Zealand is an island country which lies off the eastern coast of Australia.It is made up of two major islands.
新西兰是位于澳大利亚东海岸附近的一个岛国。它由两个主要岛屿组成。
3．As we can enjoy, the scenery is beautiful and the air is fresh, attracting a number of tourists from all over the world.
正如我们所喜欢的，这里风景优美，空气新鲜，吸引了许多来自世界各地的游客。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——感谢信(一)
[题目要求]
(2019·浙江高考)假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示感谢； 2.回顾Alex对你的帮助； 3.临别祝愿。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Alex，
Hearing that you will return to your country soon, I feel a bit upset. But meanwhile, I want to send my sincere gratitude for your kind help with my English learning.
I still remember what you have devoted to improving my oral English and English writing. Besides, you also frankly shared your learning experience with me. Additionally, without your help, I would not have been a top student in English and would not have won the recent English Speech Contest. All in all, words fail to express my thankfulness to you.
I do hope that you will have a bright future and that our friendship will last forever!
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学谋篇布局
2．学亮丽开头
开头先用Hearing that you will return to your country soon ...点明写信的背景及自己不舍之情。接着用send my sincere gratitude for your kind help点明写信的目的，感情真挚、诚恳。
3．学高级表达
(1)使用高级语块，如：send one's sincere gratitude for, devote ... to ..., words fail to express等。
(2)准确运用高级句式，如：现在分词作状语Hearing that you will ...; what引导的宾语从句what you have devoted to ...；虚拟语气without your help, I would not have been ...and would not have won ...；助动词do表示强调I do hope that you will have ...等。这些都为文章增色添彩，提升了文章的档次。
4．学精彩结尾
结尾先用了一个助动词do放在谓语动词hope前特意加强了语气，表达了对朋友Alex的美好祝愿。
5．学过渡衔接
衔接词but meanwhile, besides, additionally, all in all, and等的恰当运用，使得文章结构严谨，层层递进，读起来朗朗上口。
6．防微点失分
考生容易把“Hearing that you will return to your country ...”中的to漏掉，或把“I do hope that you will have a bright future and that our friendship will last forever！”中的last误认为及物动词而错用为“be lasted”，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When it comes to wedding traditions (风俗), there are differences between the West and the East.
2．He likes chatting (聊天) about the things with his friends on the Internet.
3．Passengers had their baggage (行李) checked before boarding the plane.
4．After taking some photos, they stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery (风景)．
5.The flight with 145 passengers aboard (在飞机上) from Tokyo landed on the airport in Beijing yesterday.
6.I am pleased (高兴的) to have this chance today to talk to you about the Chinese culture.
7．It is known to all that there are seven continents (洲) on the earth.
8．Having had a break, they came back to the topic(话题) again.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．We arrived in Sydney as dawn broke and then we started our work as quickly as possible.
黎明；拂晓；破晓
2．Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in. 海港
3．After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. 城市的；市镇的
4．The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.
霜；霜冻
5．It's approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long. 接近；大约
6．(熟词生义)After the quarrel Sue remained cold and distant. 冷漠的
7．(熟词生义)She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
灿烂的微笑
8．(熟词生义)Without my glasses, everything is misty. 模糊的
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He looked very pleased (please) with himself, so I knew he had passed his driving test.
2．With mixed (mix) feelings on her mind, she doesn't know what to do next.
3．Nowadays, the Chinese people are much wealthier (wealthy) than they were in the past.
4．Though the twins look much alike, they are still slightly (slight) different from each other in their appearance.
5.The two girls sat on the soft grass, chatting (chat) with each other about their ideal universities.
6.He lives within five minutes' walk of the post office.
7．The exhibition hall is decorated with many traditional(tradition) Chinese paintings.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．她在附近的一个农场停下，那里的工人们已经在田里忙碌起来了。(nearby)
She stopped at a nearby farm, where the workers were already busy in the fields.
2．如果你们有时能把工作和娱乐结合起来那就更好了。(mix)
It's much better if you can sometimes mix business with pleasure.
3．今天早上我顺便去她家看她时，同她长谈了一会儿。(chat)
I had a long chat with her when I went by her house this morning.
4．中秋节，中国人坐在一起吃月饼、水果和赏月是一种传统。(tradition)
During the Mid Autumn Festival, it is a tradition for Chinese to sit together and eat moon cakes and fruits, enjoying the full moon together.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)aboard prep.& adv.“在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；上(船、飞机、火车等)”。注意其与abroad“在国外，去国外”的拼写差异。
(2)pleased 主要用来说明人，表示“感到高兴或满意的”。
(3)chatting ... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
(4)within prep.“在……之内”，如：within 20 metres of a place“离某地不到20米”；within one's power/ability“在某人能力之内”。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．surround
[明其义]
vt.包围；围绕
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.
②The surrounding (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
③(2019·江苏高考)And don't forget: we are surrounded (surround) by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
(2)句式升级
④The modern tall building in the distance is the newly built stadium of our school.The building is surrounded by a great many trees.
→Surrounded by a great many tress, the modern tall building in the distance is the newly built stadium of our school.(用分词作状语合并升级)
[解其困]
surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围的具体的物质环境；而environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
2．measure
[明其义]
vi.& vt.测量；衡量；判定 n．计量制；计量单位；措施；尺寸
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured (measure) only by examination results.
②Some villagers reported a huge snake, measuring (measure) over two metres long, was found dead in a nearby cave.
(2)一句多译
在我看来，该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。
③In my view, it is high time that we took/should take measures/steps/action to keep the air from being polluted.
④As far as I'm concerned, it's time for us to take measures/steps/action to stop the air from being polluted.
[解其困]
measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
3．confirm
[明其义]
vt.证实；证明；批准
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①They worked out an effective method, which was confirmed (confirm) by the leadership.
②He looked around to confirm (confirm) that he was alone.
(2)补全句子
③The teacher's encouragement confirms me in the belief that I will surely win the champion of the competition.
老师的鼓励使我坚信我一定会赢得这次比赛的冠军。
④It has been confirmed that we will go to climb a mountain, where we can have a picnic.
已经证实我们将要去爬山，并在那里野餐。
4．distance
[明其义]
n．距离；远方；遥远；疏远 v．拉开距离；与……疏远
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①That afternoon we saw land at a distance of 10 miles from us.
②Her father advised her to keep her distance from that fellow.
③(2019·天津高考)To many people, technology means computers, hand held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant (distance) planets.
(2)熟词生义
④Tom was cold and distant and we didn't like him. B
A．远的 B．冷淡的 C．远亲的
(3)补全句子
⑤In my opinion, the picture looks better in a distance.
在我看来，这幅图画在远处看更好看。
5．impress
[明其义]
vt.使印象深刻；使铭记；铭刻；给……留下深刻的印象
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①What impresses (impress) us most are your art skills, in which you show outstanding talent.
②(2019·江苏高考书面表达)Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive (impress)．
(2)一句多译
(2020·浙江1月高考)我坚信这次中文演讲比赛会给你留下深刻的印象。
③I hold the firm belief that the Chinese Speech Contest will impress you deeply.(impress)
④I hold the firm belief that you will be deeply impressed with the Chinese Speech Contest.(impressed)
⑤I do believe that the Chinese Speech Contest will surely leave a deep impression on you.(impression)
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
as far as， be impressed with， catch sight of， settle down， have a gift for， rather than， at dawn， in the distance
1.After they married，they settled down in a small village，leading a quiet life.
2．The driver didn't catch sight of another car in time, so the accident happened.
3．The first time I visited Guilin, I was impressed with its beautiful scenery.
4.Standing here, you can see as far as the foot of the hill.
5．You can't imagine how excited I was when I saw the ancient tower in the distance.
6．The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.
7.Rather than refuse to help you, I prefer to borrow money from my friends.
8．The Greens have an eight year old girl who has a gift for painting. They expect her to be an artist in the future.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)settle down 意为“定居；平静下来；专心于”时，为不及物动词短语；意为“使……平静下来”时，为及物动词短语。
(2)as far as意为“远至……”时，在否定句中可用so far as。
(3)rather than 放句首接不定式时通常省略to。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．manage to do VS try to do
比较 ①He tried to do it time and time again, and at last he managed it. ②One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life.
辨清 (1)manage to do表示设法做成某事，强调结果。(2)try to do表示尽力做某事，成功与否不确定，强调动作。
2．at a distance VS in the distance
比较 ①The boy who is standing in the distance has a gift for writing. ②One can see the ancient ruins at a distance of 10 miles.
辨清 in the distance“在远处”； at a distance (of)“在……远的地方”。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中settle down的含义)
①When are you going to get married and settle down？ 定居；安顿下来
②They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee. 开始认真做
③It always takes the class a while to settle down at the start of the lesson. 安静下来
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)rather than“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①They said the director rather than the clerks, was responsible for the incident.
他们说不是职员，而是主管要为这次事件负责。
②I met him very late on Friday night, or rather early on Saturday morning.
我在星期五深夜见到他，更确切地说是在星期六凌晨。
2．一句多译
如果我不得不放弃其中一个，我会关掉电视而不是关掉我的手机。
③If I have to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone.
④If I have to give up one of them, I would rather turn off the TV than switch off my cellphone.
⑤If I have to give up one of them, I prefer to turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone.
[解其困]
(2)rather than 而不是
other than 不同于；除了……外
or rather 更确切地说
more than 多于；不仅仅；非常
(3)rather than用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(二)not ... until ...直到……才……
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①I didn't really realize the value of friends until I left my hometown.
直到离开家乡，我才真正意识到朋友的价值。
②It was not until yesterday that I knew my sister was admitted to a key university.
直到昨天我才知道我妹妹被一所重点大学录取了。
2．一句多译
直到我完成电影学习后，我才开始从事我的演员生涯。
③I didn't pursue my career as an actress until I finished film studies.
④It wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.(强调句型)
⑤Not until I finished film studies did I pursue my career as an actress.(倒装句)
[解其困]
(1)not ... until ... 意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句；
(2)在not ... until ... 句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序；
(3)not ... until ... 句型的强调句式为It is/was not until ...that ...。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2015湖北高考·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：主要国家地理概况
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]Hilversum is a medium sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the herlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly① area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture.
[2]In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by② farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They built themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial③ textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.
[3]The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hilversum. Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.
[4]In the early 1900s, modern architects W. M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most of 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics. His masterpiece, Hilversum Town Hall, was built in 1928－1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking④ the W. M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.,
①构词法——n.＋ y→adj.
hilly adj. 多小山的；多丘陵的
healthy adj. 健康的
leafy adj. 多叶的；多树木的
windy adj. 多风的
rainy adj. 阴雨的；多雨的
通句式——句子(1)中“with the soil mostly consisting of sand”为with复合结构，其结构为“with＋名词＋现在分词”。其中短语consist of意为“由……组成”，无被动语态、无进行时。
②微积累——mark相关短语
be marked by以……为特点；以……为特征
be marked with被标上……记号
mark out画线；标出……的界线
③微技法——根据语境猜测生僻词
根据第二段中的“the wealthiest family”和“They moved in after big success in the textile industry”，以及后文中“the textile boom”可知，此处substantial意为“重大的”。
④微点拨——名词动用：bike
n. 自行车
v. 骑自行车
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
59．Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that .
A．it has a large population
B．it is cut off from big cities
C．it has many beautiful gardens
D．it is in a hilly area with sandy soil
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，希尔弗瑟姆区别于荷兰其他诸多城市的一点就是其处在多山地带，且土壤多是沙土，故选D。
60．What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum
A．Building a railway link to Amsterdam.
B．Helping its textile industry to develop.
C．Constructing large villas for the poor.
D．Assisting its agricultural industry.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.”可知，这个富有的家族经营的是纺织产业，他们的迁入促进了希尔弗瑟姆纺织业的快速发展。故选B。
61．The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of .
A．a radio factory B．the media capital
C．a radio station D．a TV station
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The change to a media economy started in 1920, when ... established a radio factory ...”可知，希尔弗瑟姆媒体产业的开始是以一家无线电工厂的建立为标志的，由此可知应选择A项。
62．What is known about W. M. Dudok's Hilversum Town Hall
A．It consists of approximately 75 buildings.
B．It looks like an open air museum in the city.
C．It is a classic example in architecture textbooks.
D．It has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“His masterpiece, Hilversum Town Hall ...It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.”可知，这个地方举世闻名，已被列入许多建筑学的教科书中，由此可知应该选择C项。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
本文第60题主要考查学生的逻辑性思维。文章第二段中提到Brenninkmeijers家族迁入希尔弗瑟姆之后把其家族经营的纺织产业也带到了希尔弗瑟姆，后来希尔弗瑟姆的纺织产业繁荣了数十年。因此，考生可以根据逻辑性思维进行判断，Brenninkmeijers家族对希尔弗瑟姆最大的贡献是帮助了希尔弗瑟姆发展纺织产业。如果考生不具备逻辑性思维则很容易误选C项(为穷人建造大型别墅)。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了荷兰的一个中等规模的城市希尔弗瑟姆的相关情况。旨在让考生了解发达国家一个小镇的历史与现在(历史、地理、经济、文化等)，了解社会发展的规律与趋势，以形成国际视野和全球格局，借鉴发达国家的文化与先进经验。这对于当前我国的“城镇化建设”具有很好的借鉴价值。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The areas where the fighting is taking place are hilly (hill) and densely wooded.
2．The small yard was surrounded (surround) by steel fences.
3．Nowadays organic farming (farm) is becoming more and more popular.
4．She is a truly remarkable (remark) woman in our country.
5．The speaker announced the establishment (establish) of a new college.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．Surrounded by (被……环绕) green trees, the lake is very beautiful.(过去分词作状语)
2．The school is marked by (以……为特征) its excellent courses and strict rules.
3．The medical team consisting of (由……组成) 5 doctors and 10 nurses was sent to the poor area.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.
[句式解构] 这是一个状语复杂的简单句。句子的主语是it，谓语动词是attracts。句中的“Once called the Garden of Amsterdam”是过去分词短语，在句中作状语；动词不定式“to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests”在句中作目的状语。
[句意翻译] 它曾经被称为阿姆斯特丹花园，现在仍然吸引着游客来这里骑自行车，步行穿过周围的森林。
2．The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hilversum.
[句式解构] 本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是“The change to a media economy”，谓语动词是started。其中when引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1920。
[句意翻译] 媒体经济的转变始于1920年，当时Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek (NSF)在希尔弗瑟姆建立了一家无线电工厂。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
假定你是三峡景区的一名导游，请根据下面提示给外国游客简单介绍三峡的相关情况：
1．三峡为中国十大风景名胜区之一；
2．由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡组成，其中瞿塘峡最短，只有8千米长，却是最美的一段。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：瞿塘峡Qutang Gorge 巫峡Wu Gorge
西陵峡Xiling Gorge
参考范文：
Welcome to Chongqing! It's to my credit to be your local guide for today's visit, I'm sure you will be attracted by the beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges during the three day visit arranged by our travel agency. The Three Gorge, which is one of China's top ten scenic spots, consists of Qutang Gorge，Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. The Qutang Gorge, only 8km, is the smallest and shortest one in the Three Gorges，but its landscape is the most magnificent, so it is what you can never leave out.You will find yourself delighted and thrilled at the beautiful scenery. Wish you a good time and a good journey!
课下主题训练主要国家地理概况
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①geography □ ②steep □
③stream □ ④commercial □
⑤currency □ ⑥distribute □
⑦basin □ ⑧jungle □
⑨mineral □ ⑩remote □
position □ landmark □
tourist □ mountainous □
distant □ national □
divide □ origin □
situated □ boom □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．British Rail has indeed become more commercial over the past decade. 商业化的
2．At present, we are witnessing another building boom. 繁荣；激增
3．The hotel is beautifully situated in a quiet spot near the river. 坐落/位于……的
4．The Empire State Building is a familiar landmark on the New York skyline.
地标性建筑
5．You'll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card. 货币
6．These remote islands are inhabited only by birds and animals. 偏远的
7．San Francisco is built on 40 hills and some are very steep. 险峻的
8．Geography is the study of the world's places and population. 地理
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The map shows the distribution (distribute)of this species across the world.
2．Mother was worried about whether she could adapt to living in the mountainous (mountain) village alone.
3．I taught my daughter how to do division (divide) at the age of six.
4．We should develop our national (nation) economy in breadth and depth.
5．There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too distant (distance) future.
6．I think you should go back to your original (origin) plan.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recently, my husband and three kids were playing in Mediterranean (地中海), swimming and floating in the picture perfect sea. It was ridiculously beautiful in Majorca, Spain. The way the sun danced across the water and how the blue horizon was dotted with storybook sailboats were such beautiful scenes.
My husband and I always dreamed about taking our kids on a trip around the world. It was one of the things we talked at length about. When we imagined our life with the children, we hoped we would have.
Fourteen years later, we had three boys who were growing up faster by the day. It was time to make good on those plans. We renewed our passports, and then packed our bags. We showed our kids the world. It was about experiencing the dozens of flights and trains and taxis together. We showed them how wonderful, how diverse, and how fascinating the world is. We wanted them to learn all that we had learned ourselves, through our own travels.
But there was something more than that: What we really wanted is to slow down time. We wanted the days to last a bit longer, and the weeks to take their time. The years with our children are going too fast. We wanted to put the brakes on our busy lives for a year, and just be with our kids. We wanted a break from the daily morning routine of making lunches, eating breakfast and going out the door in time for school. We needed family time out.
It was the wonderful two months in Europe, full of incredible moments. When we look back at our lives, I know we'll be glad we did it. I know we'll be happy that this is a chapter of the story of our family.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。丈夫和“我”很早就梦想着带孩子们一起去旅游，享受美景和家人陪伴的时光。十四年后，我们实现了梦想。
1．What did the couple often dream of fourteen years ago
A．Going to Mediterranean.
B．Travelling with their children.
C．Some storybook sailboats.
D．Their children's growing fast.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可推知，14年前，“我”和丈夫梦想着带孩子们环游世界，故B项正确。
2．What does the underlined part “make good on” probably mean
A．Do good to. B．Carry out.
C．Make up. D．Put off.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，“我”和丈夫梦想着带孩子们环游世界；结合第三段第二句可推知，是实行这些计划的时候了。由此可推知，画线部分意为“实行”，故B项正确。
3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The travel. B．The children.
C．The transportation. D．The diverse world.
解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，该段主要介绍了实行旅游计划，和三个孩子一起去旅游的情况，故A项正确。
4．What was the most important in the writer's eyes
A．Doing everything slowly. B．Living a busy life.
C．Sticking to the routine. D．Slowing down the time.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But there was something more than that: What we really wanted is to slow down time.”可知，作者最希望的是时间能慢下来，故D项正确。
B
Brits (英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half (51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.
Almost two thirds (62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city's culture (38% of respondents), talk with locals (24%) and go beyond the guide book (21%)．
Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn't travel because of the problem.
The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.
If languages weren't an issue then one in eight (12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.
“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention world class cuisine！”
They had his message for Brits thinking about visiting: “Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you'll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’ — road signs and train stations are in English, you'll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don't, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”
语篇解读：本文主要说明了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。
5．What do we know from the first two paragraphs
A．Brits are poor at languages.
B．Brits regret what they have done.
C．Brits like relying on others.
D．Brits are good at languages.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选A。
6．How many Brits can't order food correctly because of language barriers
A．About 10%. B．About 12%.
C．About 20%. D．About 21%.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The survey ...had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确订餐，故选C。
7．How is the text mainly developed
A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving examples.
C．By making description. D．By listing data.
解析：选D 篇章结构题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来发展的，故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
About 43 years ago，I spotted an advertisement in the paper for the YMCA wilderness program. 1 My first experience was a boat trip.I still have the images of sunrises and sunsets with all the beautiful colours on Lake of the Woods.
2 Even now I can feel the cold water dripping (滴) down my arm as we sat in the boat pulling the paddles (桨)awkwardly through running water.It was my first experience in a boat and my arms became tired after many hours of paddling.
We stopped for lunch in the boat by gathering all the boats together. 3
At night it was time to camp at our site picked out by our guide. There we learned to start campfires and cook some of our meals. This is where I fell in love with noodles. 4 We cleaned up our mess and put up our tents (帐篷) and slept on the ground. We learned to carry the heavy packs to our next destination. I developed a sense of accomplishment and had arm muscles after that trip.
There were no phones, makeup, hair dryers ...just us and the bush.We came from different backgrounds with different personalities and we all had to work together as a group.
5 I kept a journal from that second trip and often go back to it.
A．They dropped us off in the bush.
B．I had to experience more of the wilderness.
C．I was 15 and wanted to do something different.
D．Our guide handed out chocolate, cheese, and dried meat.
E．I liked the boat trip so much that I joined the “Survival” trip the next year.
F．It was wonderful sharing simple meals over the fire and talking with new friends.
G．As a teenager, I didn't know that I was having the best adventure a teenager could have.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次参加荒野项目的经历。
1．选C 根据本空前面的“About 43 years ago”“wilderness program”和本空后面的“My first experience was a boat trip.”可知，C项“当时15岁的我想要做一些不一样的事情”符合语境。
2．选G 根据本空后面的“Even now I can feel the cold water dripping (滴) down my arm”“pulling the paddles (桨) awkwardly”“my arms became tired”和第四段末的“a sense of accomplishment”可知，G项“作为一个青少年，当时我并不知道自己正在经历一次最好的冒险活动”符合语境。
3．选D 根据本空前面的“stopped for lunch”可知，D项中的“chocolate, cheese, and dried meat”与此呼应，故D项“我们的导游分发了巧克力、奶酪和肉干”符合语境。
4．选F 根据本空前面的“start campfires and cook some of our meals”可知，F项中的“sharing simple meals over the fire”与此呼应，故F项“在篝火旁和新朋友分享简单的食物并聊天是一件很棒的事情”符合语境。
5．选E 根据本空后面的“that second trip”可知，E项“我太喜欢这次乘船之旅因此第二年参加了野外生存旅行”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Have you ever wished your vacation could meet all your 1 (expect) Well, this is possible when you choose 2 (go) on a cruise (游轮)．Recently, cruises have become 3 (popular) places than traditional forms of traveling. 4 is not necessary to make reservations at different hotels, find places to dine, or arrange different transports in advance.Everything you can imagine is available whenever you want it on such 5 cruise trip.
Cruise ships are like miniature (小型的) cities on water.They are 6 (full) loaded with restaurants serving all kinds of dishes.The staterooms (特等客舱) can be compared to rooms 7 (find) in five star hotels.The big difference is 8 you get to have a moving ocean view.What's more, there are activities designed for people of all ages and interests, and 9 (vary) sports facilities like gyms and rock climbing walls as well as clubs and shops are also accessible.Quality entertainments like Broadway shows and live music 10 (provide), too.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了乘游轮旅行这一旅行方式比传统的旅游方式更受欢迎，并说明了乘游轮旅行的优势。
1．expectations 考查名词。根据your为形容词性物主代词可知，应填名词expectation，且expectation为可数名词，由all修饰应用复数形式，故填expectations。
2．to go 考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.“选择做某事”，故填to go。
3．more popular 考查形容词比较级。根据than traditional forms of traveling可知，用形容词比较级，且popular为多音节词，故填more popular。
4．It 考查代词。此处应用it做形式主语， 真正主语为后面的不定式短语。it is not necessary to do sth.“做某事是不必要的”，故填It。
5．a 考查冠词。trip为可数名词，此处泛指 “一次游轮之旅”应用不定冠词，且cruise为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
6．fully 考查副词。此处修饰动词loaded应用副词形式，故填fully。
7．found 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，find在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语room构成被动关系，故用过去分词，故填found。
8．that 考查名词性从句。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故填that。
9．various/varied 考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语sports facilities应用形容词，表示各种体育设施，故填various/varied。
10．are provided 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且结合上文可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为entertainments，谓语动词用复数形式，故填are provided。
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