(共88张PPT)
m
投∥①点明写信的目的,引出要投诉的间题
诉卜②描述投诉的
可题的经过及产生的后果
③提出解决方案或希望对方尽快解决
把握主题
Paa.1:导语PPaa2:阐述导语Para3:叙述解决办法Pa4:介绍效果ma5:结名本文是篇新闻报道。文章介绍
了挪威小镇 Rjukan受地形影响
总体介绍 Rjukan
Karin ro对
反射镜是如何让
反射镜给生活
小镇一年有将近
小镇长时间
生活在 Rjukan小
在 Rjukan小镇
Karin ro}年中将近六个月都无法得到阳光
对这件事
六个月的时间没
没有阳光照
镇的居民获得阳
的居民带来了
照射,但这种状况在高科技的反
的感想。
有阳光照射
射的描述
光的
冬日暖阳。
光板投入使用后得以改善Unit 1 Great scientists
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．characteristic n． 特征；特性
2．radium n. 镭
3．analyse vt. 分析
4．physician n. 医生；内科医师
5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6．victim n. 受害者
7．enquiry n. 询问
8．neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近
9．pump n. 泵；抽水机
vt. (用泵)抽(水)
10．firework n. 烟火(燃放)
11．chart n. 图表
12．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n. 失败
2．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n. 专家；行家
3．attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
5．cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
6．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
7．suspect vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
8．foresee vt. 预见；预知
9．blame vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
10．handle n. 柄；把手
vt. 处理；操纵
11．link vt.& n. 连接；联系
12．positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
2．caution n．小心；警告→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
3．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．传授→instructions pl.用法说明；指示
5．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献；捐款
7．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
8．science n．科学→scientific adj.科学的→scientist n．科学家
9．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；宣告者
10．certain adj.确实的；肯定的→certainty n．确信；确实→certainly adv.确定；肯定
11．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
12．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任；负责
13．paint v．绘画；涂→painter n．画家；油漆匠→painting n．油画；水彩画
14．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地
15．move v．移动；运动→movement n．移动；运动；动作
[语境活用]
1．I want to be a scientist to make a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science)
2．It is universally known that the brain is the most complex machine in the universe. (universe)
3．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging. (challenge)
4．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
5．The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received. (contribute)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出；达成；缔结
背词条用法 (1)conclude从……中推断出……conclude sth. 以……结束……to conclude 最后(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之
背写作佳句 ①I've come to the conclusion that he's the right person for the job.我已经得出结论，他是这项工作的合适人选。②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) In conclusion, I believe that you can benefit a lot from the Chinese classical concert.总之，我相信你能从中国古典音乐会中受益匪浅。
2．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
背词条用法 (1) expose ...to ... 使……接触……expose oneself to ... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到
背写作佳句 ①We should expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们应该让孩子们接触尽可能多的艺术和文化。②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.工程师们还试图开发一种开关，当暴露在日光下时，这种开关会使光晕褪色。
3．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握
背词条用法 (1)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进……absorb oneself in ... 专心于；全神贯注于(2)be absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
背写作佳句 ①When deeply absorbed in work, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.当他全神贯注于工作时，他就会忘记吃饭或睡觉。②The boy sat beside the window, absorbinghimself in a novel.那个男孩坐在窗边，全神贯注于小说中。
4．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备
背词条用法 (1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb. 将某事归咎于某人take the blame (for)应(为……)承担责任/受责备
背写作佳句 ①Though he was to blame for the incident, we all forgave him considering his positive attitude.尽管他该为此事负责，但考虑到他的积极态度我们都原谅了他。②You shouldn't put the blame on others. You should reflect on your own action.你不应该把责任推给别人。你应该反省一下自己的行为。
5．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
背词条用法 (1)contribute sth. to ... 把某物捐献给……contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿(2)make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
背写作佳句 ①(2017·江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.江苏地处“一带一路”交汇处，将为“一带一路”的建设贡献更多力量。②If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline. 如果你想给我们的报纸投稿，请在截止日期前把你的文章寄给我。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．put forward 提出
2．draw a conclusion 得出结论
3．expose ...to 使显露；暴露
4．link ...to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
5．apart from 除……之外；此外
6．be enthusiastic about 热衷于；对……充满热情
7．make sense 讲得通；有意义
8．(be) strict with 对……严格的
9．contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致
10．be to blame 应受责备
11．look into 调查
重点短语拓展用活
1. put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
背相关短语 put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出put away 放好；积蓄put off 延期；推迟put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿put through 接通电话；完成；使经受
背写作佳句 ①As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I think it is a wise choice for you to explore the Chinese culture by yourself.至于你在上封信中提出的问题，我认为你亲自探索中国文化是明智的选择。②Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy New Year's presents.鼓励孩子们留出一些零用钱来买新年礼物。③It was because of the bad weather that the football match was put off.正是因为天气不好，足球比赛被推迟了。
2. make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
背相关短语 (1)make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没道理；没意义(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)(3)There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/没意义
背写作佳句 ①It doesn't make sense to argue with him about such a small matter. 就这样一件小事和他争论没意义。②Can you make sense of the sentence？你能理解这个句子吗？③What she said is true in a sense, but not always.她所说的在某种意义上是正确的，但并不总是这样。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(neither ...nor“既不……也不……”)
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
佳句① Neither does she like the price nor the style.她既不喜欢(它的)价格，也不喜欢(它的)款式。
佳句② Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result.老师和学生都不满意这个结果。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (every time引导时间状语从句)
每次霍乱爆发的时候都有数以千计的惊恐的人丧生。
佳句① Don't refer to the dictionary every time you come across a new word.不要每次碰到生词就查词典。
佳句② (2017·天津高考书面表达)I do hope that you can pay a visit to Tianjin every time you come to China.我真的希望你每次来中国都能去天津看看。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．Scientific achievement is built up by every little bit, but the longterm accumulation can be fed by intravenous drip of the sea.
科学成就是由一点一滴积累起来的，唯有长期的积聚才能由点滴汇成大海。
2．Qian Xuesen was a scientist who made important contributions to the missile and space programs.He returned to China in 1955 and led the Chinese rocket program, and became known as the “Father of Chinese Rocketry”．
钱学森是一位为导弹和航天事业做出重要贡献的科学家。他于1955返回中国，领导中国火箭项目，并被誉为“中国火箭之父”。
3．Yuan Longping is known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”．His super grain brought yields of 13.9 tons of rice per hectare. This set a new world record for rice output.
袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。他的超级谷物每公顷产量达13.9吨，这创造了水稻产量的新的世界纪录。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——投诉信(一)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，在国外作为交换生学习的你最近在使用某付费学习网站时发现了一些令你不太满意的地方，因此，你要向网站的负责人写一封投诉信，内容包括：
1．投诉原因； 2.提出希望。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a member of your website. Recently I have met with some problems when using it. I'm writing to make a complaint.
To begin with, some contents aren't updated in time, which makes it impossible for me to learn about the latest materials related to my present lessons at school. To make matters worse, sometimes I'm given “404”， which means that it is impossible for me to visit the website.Much to my dissatisfaction, I find some reading materials improper for us high school students to read. Personally, I think your service needs to be improved to live up to the users' expectations.
I'm in the hope that you will take the matter seriously and make an effort to solve the problems. Your early reply will be appreciated.
Yours respectfully，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学谋篇布局
2．学亮丽开头
开头先作了自我介绍，交代身份。然后交代要投诉的问题，最后点明写信的目的。语意层层递进，顺畅自然。
3．学高级表达
(1)使用高级语块，如：related to, to make matters worse, much to one's dissatisfaction, live up to the users' expectations, take the matter seriously, make an effort to等，提高了作文的档次。
(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：非限制性定语从句which makes it impossible ...和which means that it is impossible ...；过去分词短语作定语related to my present lessons at school；it作形式宾语which makes it impossible for me ...；it作形式主语it is impossible for me to visit the website等，为作文增色不少，也彰显了考生的语言功底。
4．学精彩结尾
结尾先使用I'm in the hope that you will ...表达了对问题解决的希望。然后以Your early reply will be appreciated.表达了对早日回复的期盼。表述简洁、实用。
5．学过渡衔接
衔接词recently, to begin with, to make matters worse, much to my dissatisfaction, personally等和过渡句I'm writing to make a complaint.的恰当运用，使得文章结构严谨，层层递进，读起来朗朗上口。
6．防微点失分
考生容易把“Recently I have met with some problems when using it.”中的when using it错误地表达为when used it，或在“...the latest materials related to my present lessons at school”中的related前加is，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It's impossible to foresee (预知) exactly how our actions will affect the future.
2．He was suspected (怀疑) of having a part in the jewel robbery by the police.
3.Researchers find cures (治疗方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests' plant and animal life.
4.Our team was defeated (打败) last night, which made us sad and disappointed.
5．Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges (挑战) from the modern market.
6．Viewing childhood development as a scientific (科学的) investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.
7.He said the lucky woman will be announced (公布) on the website and the trip will be shared online.
8．Some language experts (专家) believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．William tried to join the basketball club but was rejected because of his poor health.
拒绝
2．If you have a positive attitude towards your work, you will feel happy. 积极的
3．He made an apology to me for his not attending the concert on time. 参加
4．They can withstand severe tests. 严峻的
5．Please instruct me how to do my work. 指导
6．Television stations around the world are linked by satellite. 联系
7．(熟词生义)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle the problem. 处理
8．(熟词生义) I keep the lesson simple because the students can't absorb that much. 理解
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.He is cautious (caution) in his choice of words.
2．We explained our plans and he was very enthusiastic (enthusiasm) about them.
3．Music has been called the universal (universe) language.
4.The great bridge under construction (construct) is designed by Chinese engineers.
5．We can say with certainty (certain) that all of our products are no problem.
6．To return to the problem of water pollution (pollute), I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
7．A fire had severely (severe) damaged the warehouse.
8．Her every movement (move) is very graceful.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)cure sb.of ...“治愈某人某种疾病”。a cure for ...“对于某种疾病的治疗方法”。二者区别在于词性不同，介词的使用也不同。
(2)注意defeat/beat/win的区别：defeat和beat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。 win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。
(3)announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。
(4)cautious“小心的；谨慎的”。
(5)under construction＝being constructed，意为“正在修建”。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．conclude
[明其义]
vt.& vi.结束；推断出；达成；缔结
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①What can you conclude from these observations
②He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
③In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise.
(2)一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
④I drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. (conclusion)
⑤I concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
[解其困]
in conclusion 表示“总而言之”，类似表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。
2．expose
[明其义]
vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
②Being exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
(2)句式升级
③When children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.
→Exposed to difficult situations, children are better at handling challenging situations. (分词作状语)
[解其困]
(1)及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。
(2)在expose ...to ...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
3．absorb
[明其义]
vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①He sat down to study the article and became absorbed (absorb)．
②Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not.
(2)句式升级
Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
→③So absorbed was Tom in his work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(倒装句)
→④Absorbed in his work, Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(分词作状语)
[解其困]
“全神贯注于……”的表达还有：
focus on 集中于；专心
concentrate on 集中于；专心于
fix one's attention on 把注意力集中在
devote oneself to 致力于
bury oneself in 埋头于
be addicted to 沉溺于；专注于
4．blame
[明其义]
vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Blamed (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
(2)一句多译
诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。
②To be honest, Li Hua is to blame for the conflict.(blame v．)
③Honestly speaking, Li Hua should take the blame for the conflict.(blame n．)
[解其困]
be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
5．contribute
[明其义]
vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
②In conclusion, everyone should make contributions to protecting (protect) the environment.
(2)句式升级
③Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence.
→It contributes to building up our confidence to do small things well.(用it作形式主语)
[解其困]
contribute sth.to ..., contribute to, make a contribution to中的to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
link to， draw a conclusion， be strict with ， be absorbed in， put forward， be to blame for， contribute to， apart from， be exposed to， look into
1.As is well known to us, childhood memory contributes to guiding present behavior.
2．Black was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.
3．The video cameras are linked to a computer.
4．The official plan put forward by China to build the Belt and Road was supported by many countries.
5．We can't draw a conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.
6．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed in conversation.
7．Now, we are all certain of what is to blame for his poor health.
8.Apart from English, she is also studying Russian and Spanish.
9.The coach must be strict with the players.
10．A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)contribute to中的to 为介词，后跟动名词。
(2)apart from和besides的区别： apart from表示“除去……之外”，此时apart from＝except；apart from表示“除了……之外还有……”，此时apart from＝besides。
(3)be strict with 和be strict in的区别： be strict with sb.“对某人严格”；be strict in sth.“对某事严格”。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．put aside VS put off
比较 ①They will have to put aside their political differences and find a solution.②The meeting has been put off until next week so that more people can attend.
辨清 (1)put aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出(2)put off 延期；推迟
2．make sense VS make sense of
比较 ①This sentence doesn't make sense to me.②I cannot make sense of this sentence.
辨清 (1)make sense 是不及物短语，意为“讲得通；有道理”。(2)make sense of是及物短语，意为“弄懂；理解”。
3．in a sense VS in no sense
比较 ①What you say is true in a sense.②In no sense will he give up.
辨清 (1)in a sense“在某种意义上”。(2)in no sense “决不”， 位于句首时，句子要用倒装。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
1．写出下列各句中put forward的含义
①The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.提出
②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate. 推荐
③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. 将……提前
2．写出下列各句中contribute to的含义
①Many people contributed money to the poor boy. 捐款
②The money contributed to his returning to school. 有助于
③A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 投稿
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)every time引导时间状语从句
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①Every time we camped, Mom would read a book or sing a soft song.
每次我们露营，妈妈都会读一本书或唱一首轻柔的歌。
②Every time I see the national flag rising, I feel a sense of pride.
每当看到国旗升起，我都有一种自豪感。
2．翻译句子
③他第一次来到那个城市，就决定在那里安家。
The first time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.
④(2019·北京高考书面表达) 我真希望你每次来中国都能玩得开心。
I do hope that you can have a good time every time you come to China.
[解其困]
(1)every time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：
any time 任何时候
next time 下次……时
the last time 最后一次
the＋序数词＋time 第……次
the＋瞬间名词 (moment/minute/instant/second) 一……就……
(3)此类名词词组可单独引导时间状语从句，因此后面不再用when。
(4)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般现在时态代替将来时态。
(二)neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①Neither has he done it, nor will he do it.
他没有做过这事，他也不会做这事。
②Neither dad nor mum is at home today.
今天父母都不在家。
2．句型转换
③The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result.(用neither ...nor ...合并两个句子)
→Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result.
④John takes great interest in the piano lessons. And his sister also takes great interest in the piano lessons.(用not only ...but also ...合并两个句子，且not only位于句首)
→Not only does John take great interest in the piano lessons, but also his sister takes great interest in the piano lessons.
[解其困]
(1)neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。
(2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：
either ... or ...不是……就是……，或者……或者……；not only ... but also ...不但……而且……；not ...but ...不是……而是……。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2019全国卷Ⅲ·完形填空——对接课标主题：
科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全
精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated① between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid March — 41 six months out of the year.
[2]“Of course, we 42 it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. “We see the sky is 43 ， but down in the valley it's darker —② it's like on a 44 day.”
[3]But that 45 when a system of high tech 46 was introduced③ to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 47 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 49 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50 and to close during windy weather. beam (束) of light onto the town's central ， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52 ， Rjukan residents gathered together.
[4]“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally 55 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 56 the sunshine at the same time. 57 ， the new light feels like more than enough④ for the town's 58 residents.
[5]“It's not very 59 ，” she says, “but it is enough when we are 60 .”⑤,
［析微点·厚积语言基础］
①微积累——词汇用活
situate v．使位于；使坐落于
situated adj.位于……的；坐落在……的
be situated in＝be located in位于；坐落于
②微技法——根据标点符号解题：
根据44题空前的破折号可知，破折号的内容是对前文的进一步补充说明，由此可得出44题答案。
③微积累——熟词生义：introduce
v．介绍 (熟义)
v．引进，首次引入 (生义)
微语法——句子(1)中creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters为v. ing形式作结果状语。
④微点拨——短语识记
more than enough绰绰有余；足够
⑤微技法——完形填空最后两道题一般是基于文章主旨大意设置的题目，做题时要避免犯想当然的错误。一定要结合原文进行剖析解读，进而选出正确答案。
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
41．A．only B．obviously
C．nearly D．precisely
解析：选C 根据上文中的“from late September to mid March”可知，这段时间将近六个月。故选C。only“仅仅”；obviously“显而易见地”；precisely“准确地”。
42．A．fear B．believe
C．hear D．notice
解析：选D 当太阳照耀时，我们就可以注意到它。句中的“it”指代第一段中的“sunlight”。
43．A．empty B．blue
C．high D．wide
解析：选B 天空是蔚蓝色的，但山谷却是比较阴暗的。根据句中的“but”可知，本空填入的词语与“darker”相对应，故blue“蓝色的，蔚蓝色的”符合语境。
44．A．cloudy B．normal
C．different D．warm
解析：选A 山谷中天色阴暗，因此像是阴天一般。
45．A．helped B．changed
C．happened D．mattered
解析：选B 根据下文内容可知，采用反射板后，小镇的面貌发生了改变。
46．A．computers B．telescopes
C．mirrors D．cameras
解析：选C 根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled”可知答案。
47．A．remembered B．forecasted
C．received D．imagined
解析：选C 星期三，Rjukan的居民接收到了他们的第一束冬日阳光。remember“记得”；forecast“预报”；imagine“想象”。
48．A．.repair B．risk
C．rest D．use
解析：选D 根据语境可知，镇上的居民们能享受到冬日的阳光是因为小镇将引进的高科技反射板投入了使用。put to use“投入使用”为固定搭配，故选D。repair“维修”；risk“风险”；rest“休息”。
49．A．forbids B．directs
C．predicts D．follows
解析：选B 本空填入的词应与空前的“controlled”在语义上保持一致，故direct“指示，命令，管理”符合语境。forbid“禁止，阻碍”；predict“预言，预告”；follow“跟随”。
50．A．day B．night
C．month D．year
解析：选A 因为要反射阳光，肯定是在白天。throughout the day“整个白天”。
51．A．library B．hall
C．square D．street
解析：选C 根据第四段中的“The town square”可知答案为square。
52．A．appeared B．returned
C．faded D．stopped
解析：选A 当阳光出现时，Rjukan的居民便聚集在广场上。
53．A. ．driving B．hiding
C．camping D．sitting
解析：选D 根据语境可知，人们或坐或站，彼此拍着照片。
54．A．pictures B．notes
C．care D．hold
解析：选A 参见上题解析。take notes of “记录”；take care of “照顾”；take hold of “握住”。
55．A．new B．full
C．flat D．silent
解析：选B 根据语境可知，广场上挤满了人。
56．A．block B．avoid
C．enjoy D．store
解析：选C 由前文可知阳光区域只有600平方米，因此3 500名居民显然不能同时享受到阳光。block“阻塞”；avoid“避免”；store“贮藏”。
57．A．Instead B．However
C．Gradually D．Similarly
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处表示转折关系，应用However。
58．A．nature loving B．energy saving
C．weather beaten D．sun starved
解析：选D 根据上文提到的Rjukan的居民将近六个月都享受不到阳光可知，此处指镇上渴望阳光的居民，故选D。
59．A．big B．clear
C．cold D．easy
解析：选A 阳光区域只有600平方米，显然不是很大，但居民们共同分享时，它就足够了。
60．A．trying B．waiting
C．watching D．sharing
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
1．逻辑性思维
第43、44题考查逻辑性思维能力。破折号前的内容意为：但是在下面的山谷里，天空却是阴暗的，根据逻辑关系可知前一句表达的是：我们看到天空实际上是蔚蓝色的(blue)，这样才能形成前后的转折关系。破折号的作用为补充说明，根据此逻辑关系可知，后一句表达的是：山谷里天气是阴暗的，就像阴天(cloudy)一样。
2．跨跃性思维
第46、51题为词汇复现题，考查跨跃性思维能力。根据第49题所在句可知：这些“镜子”被电脑控制，电脑指示这些镜子随着太阳转动方向，最终使这个小镇获得阳光照射。由此可知，第46题就是指这些镜子(mirrors)。根据第54题后一句中的“The town square”可知，阳光被反射到小镇的中心广场(square)上。具备跨跃性思维，这两个题目会很容易选出正确选项。
3．系统性思维
第58、60题考查系统性思维能力，需要系统地联系全文才能得出答案。根据前文可知，这个小镇上的每年近一半的时间没有阳光照射，故人们非常渴望阳光(sun starved)；同样根据前文可知，阳光被反射到小镇的中心广场上，形成一个大约600平方米的有阳光的区域，人们在这个区域里享受阳光，虽然这个区域不大，但当人们共同分享(share)的时候，就足够了，故第60题选sharing。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文通过介绍挪威小镇Rjukan借助科技手段，改善了一年中将近六个月都无法得到阳光照射的情况，旨在引起学生对科学的重视和追求，培养学生的科学探索精神。青少年是祖国的未来，科技强国的希望。只有广大青少年把个人理想融入国家和民族事业中，继承前辈们科技报国的优良传统，坚持追求真理、勇攀高峰的科学精神，保持踏实奋斗的心态，掌握科学的研究方法，才能取得无愧于新时代的新发现、新发明、新技术，扛起振兴国家科技事业、建设世界科技强国的大旗。
借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．On dark nights children should wear reflective (reflect) clothing.
2．Roughly (rough) speaking, we receive about fifty letters a week on the subject.
3．He made a concentrated (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time.
4．The company is planning to introduce (introduce) a new range of products this year.
5．I'm still not totally (total) convinced that he knows what he's doing.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．Our school has built a new stadium recently, which is situated (位于) behind the library.
2．Mary passed all her exams, making her parents very happy (这使她的父母非常高兴)．
3．I'm more than glad (非常高兴) to learn that you're coming to tour in China.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
But that changed when a system of high tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below.
[句式解构] 本句是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句，主句的主语是 that，谓语动词是changed。其中when引导时间状语从句；to reflect ...为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[句意翻译] 但是，当一套高科技反射镜系统被引入，将邻近山峰上的阳光反射到下面的山谷时，情况就改变了。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The small town of Rjukan in Norway 1.is situated (situate) between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September 2.to mid March — nearly six months out of the year.
But that changed 3.when a system of high tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below. Wednesday, residents of Rjukan received their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of 4.reflective (reflect) boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use. The mirrors are controlled by a computer 5.that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam of light onto the town's 6.central (centre) square, 7.creating (create) an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, the town square was 8.totally (total) full. The 3,500 residents cannot all enjoy the sunshine at 9.the same time. However, the new light feels like more 10.than enough for the town's sun starved residents.
Ⅴ.主题语境写作
上周末你和你的好朋友Lily一起去参观了科技馆，感觉这次科技馆之行收获很大，请你就此情景写一篇小短文。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Lily and I are very interested in science, so we paid a visit to the Science Museum last weekend. When we got to the gate, there were many people waiting there. The whole science center looks so cool, just like the globe. There were so many high tech products in the exhibition which introduces how science and technology promote the harmonious development of society. We were so excited to learn a lot about science that we made up our minds to study hard to make contributions to science in the future.
课下主题训练科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①qualification □ ②devoted □
③design □ ④development □
⑤consider □ ⑥responsibility □
⑦honor □ ⑧charge □
⑨reliable □ inventor □
creative □ establishment □
potential □ inspiration □
diligent □ apply □
undertake □ organization □
determined □ accurate □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
inventor, development, organization, honored, qualification, inspiration, responsibility, design, establishment , determined
1．Those who score in the top 10%(about 10,000 kids)have the qualification to apply.
2．First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees.
3．The establishment of “Victory Day” highlights Beijing's commitment to peaceful development and the importance of acknowledging the past.
4．However, according to the organization, the product contains a lot of sugar, which could actually lead to many health problems.
5．Filled with recipes, entertaining ideas, healthy meals and photographs of every dish, you'll find plenty of inspiration inside each issue.
6．I'm honored that you show great interest in our traditional culture.
7．To answer this question, the researchers designed two studies.
8．This is why vehicle to vehicle communication is undergoing rapid development.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Staff will lead games and creative (create) activities for our campers, with them during mealtimes.
2．Meade's boss said she was really reliable (rely) when she worked and that she got along with others.
3．Edison was famous as a great inventor (invent)．
4．Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.
5．Newton is considered(consider) as one of the greatest scientists in history for his discovery of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion.
6．Last week, my friend applied for working as a volunteer.
7．I was in charge of showing some foreign friends around our city.
8．His determined (determine) look showed that he had made up his mind.
Ⅲ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．It's surprising that such a young student should undertake this type of project. 承担
2．The first of these in the field of botany were the herbals. 领域
3．These potential effects must be examined carefully. 潜在的
4．He is so diligent that he never goes anywhere without a book. 勤奋的
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Vinegar is great. It makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even clean your windows with it. And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planet's population to ease hunger.
Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.
This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world's supply of food will be much lower.
The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate(醋酸盐) — the main component of vinegar.
After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. It's hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive.
Jong Myong Kim, co author of the study, told Popular Science magazine that he's already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners.
Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn't as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. “Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system.” he said.
And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了醋可以使植物在干旱的环境中生存，从而解决因粮食而造成的饥饿问题。
1. What is mentioned as a feature of the Arabidopsis
A．It produces acetate in wet conditions.
B．It is mainly composed of acetate.
C．It can survive in nowhere but desert.
D．It can be tolerant of drought.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第四段可知，Arabidopsis的特点是可以忍受干旱，选D。
2. The scientists experimented further in order to .
A．find a simple way of keeping the crops of farmers alive
B．add acetate to the soils of other plants to stop watering
C．check the effectiveness of the acetate to resist drought
D．treat the dried up plants by adding acetate to them
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的理解，可以得知进一步实验的目的是为了检验把醋酸盐添加到植物中就能增加植物耐旱能力的有效性，选C。
3. What is the author's attitude to the discovery
A．Objective. B．Unsupportive.
C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
解析：选D 观点态度题。由最后一段可知，作者持乐观态度。objective “客观的”；unsupportive“不支持的”；indifferent “冷漠的”；optimistic“乐观的”，选D。
4. What may be the best title for the text
A．Vinegar could end hunger
B．Vinegar keeps plants living forever
C．How to survive climate change
D．Advantages and functions of vinegar
解析：选A 标题归纳题。由全文的主题句“And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planet's population to ease hunger.”可知，这篇文章主要讲了醋可以使植物在干旱的环境中生存，从而解决因粮食而造成的饥饿问题，选A。
B
We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain.But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater airborne (空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists.The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication.“What we've shown is that it's actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MIT's Media Lab, who led the research.
The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface，making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data.A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations.The researchers call the system TARF.It has any number of potential real world uses，Adib says.It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane's black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.
Right now the technology is low resolution.The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet.The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions — high waves, storms, schools of fish.They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction — air to water.If the technology proves successful in real world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。
5．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1
A．The future of video chat underwater and in air.
B．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.
C．The difficulty of communication from water to air.
D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.
解析：选C 段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面的人进行通信非常困难，因此C项正确。
6．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean
A．Achievable. B．Convenient.
C．Changeable. D．Alternative.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed ... underwater communication”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故画线词与A项“可实现的”意思最相近，故选A。
7．What do we know about TARF
A．It is widely used to find downed planes.
B．It can work well at great depths underwater.
C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.
D．It can send, receive and read signals from underwater.
解析：选D 推理判断题。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声呐信号，使震动与数据的1和0对应，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以在水下与地面上的人进行通信。因此D项正确。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．The Real world Uses of Sonar Technology
B．Full Water to air Communication Closer to Reality
C．A Breakthrough in the Application of Video Chat
D．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication
解析：选B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种解决了在水下与地面上的人无法进行通信联系这个难题的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合做本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals (痊愈). Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.
The study showed how the bodies circadian rhythm (昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds. 1 It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a circle — a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. 2
In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
The researchers examined cells, mice, and burn injury databases. 3
Night time burns — burns suffered between 8 o'clock at night and 8 o'clock the next morning — were 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days. But after an average of 17 days, daytime burns — burns suffered between 8 o'clock in the morning and 8 at night — were 95 percent healed. 4
Wounds are very costly to treat. 5 In Britain's National Health Services, for example, such services cost around ＄ 6.56 billion per year. Experts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.
A. Each cycle lasts about 24 hours.
B．The circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.
C．Specifically, their investigation found the following information.
D．The new study's findings could help scientists develop better drugs.
E．In other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal.
F．Worldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on wound treatment services.
G．That's what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.
语篇解读：本文介绍了一项科学研究。研究表明在白天受的伤比在夜晚受的伤愈合得更快。
1．选B 根据空后信息可知，此处作者强调昼夜节律有很强的周期性，B项衔接前句，符合语境，表明昼夜节律像时钟或者计时器一样。
2．选A 根据空前句中的 “a cycle — a series of activities are repeated day after day”可知，此周期每天循环，由此可判断周期时长为24小时，故选A。
3．选C 空前句提到研究人员研究分析了烧伤数据库，下文谈到调查研究结果，由此判断C项符合语境。
4．选E 由上文信息可知，夜晚受的烧伤修复需要28天的周期， 而白天受的烧伤修复只需要17天。因此可以判断，夜晚修复的平均周期比白天长11天，故E项符合语境。
5．选F 根据空前句可知，创伤治疗费用高，后文举例“such services cost around ＄6.56 billion”说明治疗费用不菲，因此F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life, he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons. He taught 1 the love of wisdom, not for money. And 2 he had to say was always new and worth hearing. All his pupils loved him.
But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some 3 (danger) enemies. The rulers did not want to be questioned. So they 4 (false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and 5 (lead) them to ignore religion. In fact Socrates was a very religious man. His enemies had him 6 (arrest), and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils 7 (allow) to visit him in his prison. They were astonished to find that 8 was calm and cheerful. He had no fear of dying. When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates, his friends were in 9 (tear), but Socrates seemed to be the 10 (brave) man in the room. He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名学者苏格拉底的故事。
1．for 考查介词。由“not for money”可知，此处应用介词for，表示“为了”。
2．what 考查名词性从句。what 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语。
3．dangerous 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous修饰名词enemies。
4．falsely 考查副词。此处用副词falsely修饰动词accused。
5．leading 考查非谓语动词。根据语境及and可知，空处与动名词teaching 并列，故用动名词leading作介词of的宾语。
6．arrested 考查非谓语动词。arrest和句子谓语had之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且与其逻辑主语him构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
7．were allowed 考查动词时态和语态。根据“was put”可知，此处表示发生在过去的事情，且allow与句子主语his friends and pupils 构成动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，即were allowed。
8．he 考查代词。根据空后一句“He had no fear of dying”可知，此处表示苏格拉底死前很平静，故用人称代词he作宾语从句的主语。
9．tears 考查名词复数。in tears意为“哭泣，流泪”，为固定搭配，故用名词的复数形式。
10．bravest 考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的the可知，此处表示“最勇敢的人”，故用形容词最高级bravest。
PAGE
29(共70张PPT)
把握主题
Para1:介绍 Dawson的兴起→Para2:介绍 Dawson的全面发展阶段→Para.3:介绍 Dawson的衰落
本文是一篇说明文。
most cities
第一段中通过举例的方式介
文章主要介绍了加拿
Despite tough
New gold
geographical positions绍了一般城市兴起的原因,
conditions
discoveries
大城市——道森市的
Dawson
并通过转折来引出 Dawson
people poured in
兴起的真正原因
people left
历史、发展与现状
gold discoveredUnit 2 The United Kingdom
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．kingdom n． 王国
2．province n. 省；行政区
3．currency n. 货币；通货
4．nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的
5．architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术
6．port n. 港口(城市)
7．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的
8．uniform n. 制服
9．splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
10．statue n. 塑像；雕像
11．imaginary adj. 想象中的；假想的；虚构的
12．navigation n. 导航；航行
13．thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊
14．tense n. 时态
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明
2．accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现
3．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突
4．unwilling adj. 不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)
5．countryside n. 乡下；农村
6．enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的
7．possibility n. 可能(性)
8．plus prep. 加上；和
adj. 加的；正的；零上的
9．quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架
vi. 争吵；吵架
10．alike adj. 相同的；类似的
11．sightseeing n. 观光；游览
12．consistent adj. 一致的
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．unite vi.& vt.联合；团结→united adj.团结的；联合的→union n．联合；联盟；结合；协会
2．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．便利；方便→inconvenient adj. 不方便的
3．describe vt.描述；形容；描绘→description n．描写；描述
4．attract vt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的地方→attractive adj.有吸引力的
5．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．布置；整理；安排
6．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的
7．collect vt.收集→collection n．收藏品；珍藏；收集
8．furniture n．家具→furnish vt.装修；布置→furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的
[语境活用]
1．Two days later, I was delighted to hand in all of my work on time, to my teacher's delight.(delight)
2．It's very convenient for me to buy it for you.There is a convenience store near my home.(convenient)
3．He described the robbery in detail to the policeman and his description was very valuable — the police caught the robber in a short time.(describe)
4．What attracts me most in Beijing is that there are many attractions, like the Great Wall, the Summer Palace.They are so attractive as to attract eyes from every corner of the world.(attract)
5．Our department will be in charge of arranging the conference.Would you please give us some suggestions on the arrangement for it (arrange)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施
背词条用法 (1)for convenience 为方便起见at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候(2)It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 某人方便做某事
背写作佳句 ①For convenience, the two groups have been treated as one in this report.为了方便起见，在报告中这两个群体被视为一个群体。②(2020·浙江1月高考写作)If it is convenient for you, I want to invite you to participate in the Chinese Speech Contest for foreign students.如果你方便的话，我想邀请你参加为外国学生举办中文演讲比赛。
2．attract vt.吸引；引起注意
背词条用法 (1)attract one's attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力attract sb.to sth. 吸引某人关注某事(2)a tourist attraction 旅游景点
背写作佳句 ①What first attracted the American girl to China was the rich Chinese culture.最先吸引这个美国女孩来到中国的是丰富的中国文化。②Sichuan Province is rich in tourist attractions and enjoys many world famous places of interest.四川省拥有丰富的旅游景点，并享有许多世界著名的名胜古迹。
3. arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
背词条用法 (1)arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排某事arrange to do sth. 安排做某事arrange for sb.to do sth. 安排某人做某事arrange that ... 商定……；安排……(2)make arrangements for 为……做好安排
背写作佳句 ①I'd appreciate it if you could arrange for me to attend the party.如果你能安排我参加聚会，我将不胜感激。②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We have arranged that the short film will be on show from 16：00 to 17：30 at our school theater tomorrow.我们已经安排好这部短片将于明天下午4点到5点半在校剧院放映。
4. delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.&vi.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜
背词条用法 (1)delight sb.with sth. 用某物使某人高兴delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐(2)take (great) delight in 以……为乐with delight 高兴地；愉快地to one's delight 令某人高兴的是(3)be delighted at/with/by 为……而高兴be delighted to do sth./in doing sth. 为做某事而高兴；乐意做某事
背写作佳句 ①To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是，我从数百名申请者中被挑选出来参加开幕式。②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)She is a kind hearted lady who takes delight in helping others.她是一位心地善良的女士，乐于助人。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．consist of 由……组成
2．divide ...into 把……分成
3．leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
4．make a list of 列……的清单
5．break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
6．take the place of 代替
7．refer to 谈到；说到；参考；涉及
8．to one's credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
9．keep one's eyes open 留心看
10．break down (机器)损坏；破坏
11．in memory of 为了纪念……
12．at one time 曾经；一度
重点短语拓展用活
1．consist of由……组成
背相关短语 (1)be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成(2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于(3)consist with 与……一致/相符
背写作佳句 ①He has a big family consisting of ten people.他有一个由10个人组成的大家庭。②Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.成功在于在失败中继续努力的能力。
2．break down (机器)损坏；出故障；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；(关系)破裂；(身体)垮掉；(化学)分解；打破
背相关短语 break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱break off 中断；折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发；发生 break up 驱散；打碎；分手；结束
背写作佳句 ①She is trying to break away from the bad habit, which makes her parents happy.她正努力改掉这个坏习惯，这使她的父母很高兴。②A fire broke out last night, which caused a lot of damage.昨晚发生了一场火灾，造成了很大的损失。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. (“keep/make＋宾语＋宾补”结构)
要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
佳句① He raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高嗓门让人听见。
佳句② She is very popular among her students as she always tries to make them interested in her class.她很受学生的欢迎，因为她总是设法使他们对她的课感兴趣。
佳句③ Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. He always studies hard. 保罗不需要被强迫去学习。他总是学习努力。
2. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.(过去分词短语作状语)
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一个清单。
佳句① Attracted by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farms.这个来自伦敦的女孩被大自然的美丽所吸引，决定在农场再待两天。
佳句② (2020·天津高考)Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.帝国大厦建成于1931年，是1954年以前最高的摩天大楼，激发了全世界的想象力。
3．It looked splendid when first built！(状语从句的省略)
刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
佳句① When completed, the museum will be open to the public next year. 博物馆建成后，将于明年对公众开放。
佳句② (2019·北京高考书面表达)We had different opinions when discussing what to put into the video. 当讨论把什么放入视频中时，我们有不同的观点。
佳句③ When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.刚被引入市场时，这些产品就取得了巨大的成功。
4．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.(It seems/seemed strange that ...should do ...句型)
这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
佳句① It seemed strange that he should have rejected the practical suggestion put forward by us.似乎很奇怪，他竟然拒绝了我们提出的切实可行的建议。
佳句② It seemed strange that such a gentleman should have been so rude to a lady yesterday.奇怪的是，昨天这样一位绅士竟然对一位女士如此无礼。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1. As the interaction between Chinese and Western culture, more and more foreigners become interested in Chinese culture.
随着中西文化的交流互动，越来越多的外国人对中国文化感兴趣。
2．The main stream of the Yangtze River runs through central China from west to east. It is also one of the birthplace of the Chinese civilization.
长江干流自西向东横贯中国中部，也是中华文明的发源地之一。
3. Thanks to the tour, not only have we improved our speaking skills, but we've also got a better understanding of British culture.
多亏了这次旅行，我们不仅提高了语言技能，而且也对英国文化有了更好的了解。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——投诉信(二)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，乘飞机从北京到伦敦旅行，到达目的地取行李时发现行李箱破损，部分物品遗失。你与相关人员交涉无果，于是要向该航空公司写一封投诉信。内容主要包括：
1．说明个人相关信息(航线/航班：MMYZ577/时间：April 28)；
2．反映情况；
3．希望尽快得到解决。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Madam/Sir，
I'm a Chinese passenger who took your Flight MMYZ577 from Beijing to London on April 28. I'm writing to complain for the following reasons, expecting your timely solving.
My luggage suitcase was broken when I got it at the airport. And some of the articles were lost, among which was a pair of precious sports shoes. What's worse, I reported it to some of the staff on duty but there was no satisfying handling, with which I've been so unhappy. I just can't imagine how a company with a good reputation can do such a thing! I do hope you'll take it seriously and get it settled as soon as possible.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级语块，如：on duty, take it seriously, as soon as possible等。
(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：定语从句who took your Flight ...；现在分词短语作状语expecting your timely solving；“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句among which was a pair of ...和with which I've been so unhappy；助动词do表强调I do hope you'll take ...等。这些表达增强了文章的表达效果，是加分的亮点所在。同时，这也彰显了考生灵活的语言驾驭能力。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾使用Looking forward to your early reply.表达了对早日回复的期待，简洁、实用。
3．学过渡衔接
文章准确使用了and, what's worse, but等过渡词语和过渡句I'm writing to complain for the following reasons，增强了文章的连贯性和条理性。
4．防微点失分
考生容易忽略主谓一致，把“And some of the articles were lost, among which was a pair of precious sports shoes.”中的were误用成was，或把“I reported it to some of the staff on duty ...”中的on duty误表达为on the duty，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We spent the days going sightseeing (观光) and the evenings sitting in the bars drinking the local wine.
2．Having quarreled (吵架) with his wife about who should wash the dishes, he felt very upset.
3．This is a good chance to go abroad, so she is unwilling (不愿意的) to give it up.
4．We should settle conflicts (冲突) in a peaceful way, thus friendship comes into being.
5．There is a possibility (可能性) that they will win the election.
6．We are much alike (类似的) in character.
7．What you're saying now is not consistent (一致的) with what you said last week.
8．The hotel staff spares no pain to ensure that our stay is as enjoyable (令人愉快的) as possible.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．(2020·天津5月高考)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish whatever I put my mind to. 完成
2．Your explanation has clarified this difficult sentence. 阐明
3．This job doesn't pay well, but it'll roughly cover your daily expenses. 大约
4．(熟词生义)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit. 信用
5．(熟词生义)He folded his arms over his chest. 交叉
6．(熟词生义)The company furnished the painter with the necessary information. 提供
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.A collection (collect) of photographs was on display in the hall.
2.He has determined to settle down in the countryside.
3.It is well known that the beauty of Guilin is beyond description.
4.We're extremely thrilled (thrill) to hear of your success.
5．People working for big organizations like the police and the postal service all wear uniforms (uniform)．
6.United (unite) we stand, divided (divide) we fall.
7．The grand canal flows southwards through the four provinces (province)of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
8．You're doing your job splendidly (splendid), please keep up the good work!
名师点拨“一站清”
(1) a collection of photographs 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(2)in the countryside“在乡下；在乡村”，此短语中不能省略定冠词the。
(3)beyond description中，beyond意为“超出”，此短语的意义为：无法描述。
(4)thrill v. “使人非常激动，使人非常紧张”； thrilled adj.“激动的；紧张的”；thrilling adj. “使人心情激动的”。
(5)United we stand, divided we fall.意为：团结则存，分裂则亡。这是一个省略句，补充完整为：If we are united, we stand. If we are divided, we fall.
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．convenience
[明其义]
n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience.
②The secretary arranged a convenient (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
(2)一句多译
你方便的时候，应该多进行户外运动，它有助于你保持良好的心态。
③At your convenience, you should do more outdoor exercise, which can contribute to your keeping up a good state of mind.(convenience)
④When it is convenient for you，you should do more outdoor exercise, which can contribute to your keeping up a good state of mind.(convenient)
[解其困]
(1)convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
(2)convenience表示抽象意义“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；表示具体意义“便利的事物；便利设施”时，为可数名词。
2．attract
[明其义]
vt.吸引；引起注意
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①The company is starting a new campaign to attract (attract) new customers to its stores.
②It's a very attractive (attract) offer, which I'm willing to accept.
(2)句式升级
For tourists like me, pandas attract me most in Chengdu.
→③For tourists like me, pandas are Chengdu's top attraction. (attraction)
→④For tourists like me, what attracts most are pandas in Chengdu.(what引导主语从句)
[解其困]
(1)当attraction表示抽象意义的“吸引， 吸引力， 诱惑力”时，是不可数名词。
(2)当attraction表示具体意义的“有吸引力的人或事物”时，是可数名词。
3．arrange
[明其义]
vt.筹备；安排；整理
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
②The Jibo robot, arranged to ship (ship) later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.
(2)一句多译
(2019·北京高考书面表达)我想告诉你，我已经安排汤姆去机场接你。
③I'd like to tell you that I have arranged for Tom to pick you up at the airport.(arrange)
④I'd like to tell you that I have made arrangements for Tom to pick you up at the airport.(arrangement)
[解其困]
(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth.而不用arrange sb. to do sth.。
(2)make arrangements (for sth./for sb. to do sth.)中的arrangement常用复数形式。
4．delight
[明其义]
n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.&vi.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Hearing the news that our team won the championship, we clapped our hands with delight.
②He was very delighted at/by/with the news that he won first prize in the competition.
(2)一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我非常高兴有机会告诉你有关中国文化和餐桌礼仪的事情。
③What delights me most is that I have a chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners. (delight vt.)
④Much to my delight, I have a chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners. (delight n．)
[解其困]
(1)delight n．：当表示“快乐，高兴”时，是不可数名词；当表示“使人高兴的东西或人”时，是可数名词。
(2)delighted adj. 指“人”感到快乐，主语是人； delightful adj. 指“某样东西”让人感到快乐，主语是物。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
in memory of， take the place of， consist of， to one's credit，refer to， leave out， be consistent with， break away from
1. The group broke away from the Labor Party in 1932.
2.The town was named after Mr Smith in memory of his great contributions to its development.
3．The most important words in this sentence have been left out, so it doesn't make any sense.
4．It was foolish of you to refer to your notes in such an important test. As a result, you got punished.
5．Gradually, green cars are going to take the place of cars which pollute the environment heavily.
6.Miss Green is in charge of the class consisting of 60 students.
7．It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you had found in the hotel.
8.This conclusion is consistent with the idea that healthy eating contributes a lot to our good health.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1) break away from“与……脱离关系”；break away“脱离”。
(2) in memory of“为了纪念……”；in honor of“向 …… 表示敬意”。
(3)consist of“由……组成”，无被动语态和进行时，类似的短语还有belong to, come into being等。
(4)be consistent with“与……一致”；be consistent in“在……方面保持一致”。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1. divide into VS separate from
比较 ①The teacher divided the whole class into four groups to discuss the topic.②After the discussion, we should separate the most valuable ideas from the common ones.
辨清 (1)divide into指把一个整体分成几部分，也含有自然划分的意思。(2)separate from指把原来连在一起或混在一起的东西人为地分开；也可用作不及物动词，意为“分(离)开；脱离”。
2．in place VS in place of
比较 ①We'd better have everything in place so that we can find it easily next time.②We use gas in place of coal in cooking.
辨清 (1)in place：在适当的位置。(2)in place of：代替；取代。
3．at one time VS at a time
比较 ①At one time I used to go swimming every Sunday. ②Don't worry, let's solve one problem at a time.
辨清 (1)at one time：曾经；一度。(2)at a time：每次。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中break down的含义)
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. (谈判)失败
②You will break down if you always stay up late. (身体)垮掉
③We were downloading learning materials when our computer broke down. 出故障
④(2020·天津5月高考) History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us. 打破
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①What's more, you must take good care of the things that can keep your heart warm.
另外，一定要保存好这些东西，它们能够让你的心保持温暖。
②Please keep your hands behind your back.
请把手放在背后。
2．翻译句子
③我们应该让他们知道这里发生了什么事。
We should keep them informed of what happened here.
④我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I'm sorry to keep you waiting so long.
[解其困]
keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语，宾语可以是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语或者分词。keep 表示“保持”，本句型意思是“保持(使)……为……状态”。
(二)It seems/seemed strange that ...
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①It seemed strange that I should be so busy this weekend.
这似乎是一件怪事：这个周末我竟然这么忙。
②It was a great pity that the young man should have missed such a golden opportunity.
真可惜，这位年轻人竟会失去这样一个绝好的机会。
2．翻译句子
③很遗憾，我不得不取消和你在星期天书店的约会。
It's a great pity that I have to cancel the appointment at the bookstore on Sunday with you.
④奇怪的是，这个男孩竟然掌握了这么大的词汇量。
It is strange that the boy should have mastered so large a vocabulary.
[解其困]
(1)It＋seems/seemed＋adj.＋that ...“好像……，似乎……”， that从句常用虚拟语气。如果描述现在或将要发生的事情，用“should＋do”的形式；如果描述过去发生的事情用“should have done”的形式。
(2)should常用于名词性从句中，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”，意为“竟然，居然”。
(3)it作形式主语，而真正的主语是that引导的从句。常用句式还有：It is important/necessary/natural that ...；It is a pity/shame/pleasure/surprise that ...等。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2018全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解B篇——对接课标主题：重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源
精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth① of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But .Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped② wilderness (荒野)．But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
[2]Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
[3]But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush④ happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.,
［析微点·厚积语言基础］
①微积累——熟词生义：mouth
n．口；嘴 (熟义)
n．入海口；河口 (生义)
通句式——句子(1)＝all cities don't develop slowly over a long period of time，为部分否定。not all 意为“并非所有的”。
②构词法——unmapped
词源：map n．地图 v．绘制……的地图
un ＋map＋ ed→unmapped adj.地图上未标出的
③微积累——with＋a/an ＋n.＋of短语大集合：
with a population of 30,000有3万的人口
with an area of 300 hectares有300公顷的面积
with a history of 2,000 years有2 000年的历史
with a distance of 500 kilometers有500千米的距离
④微点拨——动词“名”用：rush
v． 迅速移动；急促
n. 热潮
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
24．What attracted the early settlers to New York City
A．Its business culture.
B．Its small population.
C．Its geographical position.
D．Its favourable climate.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places ... New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，纽约市吸引早期定居者之处就是它靠近哈德逊河入海口，交通和贸易便利，所以是它的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。故选C。
25．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson
A．Two thirds of them stayed there.
B．One out of five people got rich.
C．Almost everyone gave up.
D．Half of them died.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.”可知，在最先的两万名淘金者中，有4 000人变得富有了，即有五分之一的人变得富有了。故选B。
26．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson
A．They found the city too crowded.
B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C．There were unable to stand the winter.
D．They were short of food.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The city was crowded ... new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，人们离开道森去阿拉斯加碰运气了。故选B。
27．What is the text mainly about
A．The rise and fall of a city.
B．The gold rush in Canada.
C．Journeys into the wilderness.
D．Tourism in Dawson.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。文章第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，并引出道森这一城市的兴起；第二段介绍了道森兴起的原因；第三段介绍了道森的衰落和现状，由此可知，文章主要讲述了加拿大城市道森的兴衰。故选A。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第27题主要考查学生的概括性思维。本文首段一开始介绍一般城市的兴起原因在于地理位置优越，并以纽约市为例进行说明，然后话锋一转：并非所有城市都是这样，从而引出本文的主要话题——加拿大的道森市。道森市并没有优越的地理位置和其他的便利条件，它的兴起完全是因为当地发现了黄金。第二段主要讲道森市环境的恶劣，但是为了挖掘黄金，人们接踵而至。第三段描述人们没有兴趣定居在道森市，以及其他地方发现黄金，人们纷纷离开道森市，造成了道森市的没落。概括分析全文内容可知选A项。考生如果不具备概括性思维，“只见树木不见森林”，而掉进命题人故意设置的陷阱，则易错选。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文通过介绍加拿大道森市的发展变迁，旨在让考生了解城市兴衰的原因，进而培养学生的国际视野和学习历史的兴趣，激发学生奋发向上，积极投入家乡、祖国的发展建设中。每个城市乃至国家都有其发展历史，尤其是作为四大文明古国之一的中国更是有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文明，这也成为高考的关注点。因此，考生应多聚焦历史变迁，多关注历史上的人物介绍、地方的兴衰以及文化的迁移和影响。
借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Role play is helpful in developing communication (communicate) skills.
2．Pleasing people may not be the path to success.
3．The poor area which depends on tourism (tour) is developing very quickly.
4．They put up their tents and settled down for the night.
5．We've got plenty of time; there's no need to rush (rush)．
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The old man intended to settle down in (定居) the country after he retired.
2．Not all the students (并非所有学生) are good at learning the foreign language.
3．China has the largest population in the world, with a population of (有……人口) about 1.4 billion.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.
[句式解构] 本句是一个由and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句主句的主语是The city，谓语动词是was crowded with。第二个分句的主语是they，谓语动词是left。第二个并列分句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句和由as引导的比较状语从句。时间状语从句中“there were new gold discoveries in Alaska”是一个省略了that的宾语从句。
[句意翻译] 城里挤满了对定居没有兴趣的失望的人们，当他们听说阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿时，他们就像最初来时一样迅速离开了道森市。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
巴黎是法国的首都，也是一个梦幻的城市，每年吸引世界各地大批游客来观光游玩。请根据以下要点，用英语写一篇介绍巴黎的小短文。
1．地理位置：法国北部；
2．人口：大约220万；
3．气候：不太热也不太冷，春季和秋季最好；
4．基本情况：欧洲第二大城市；法国的文化、教育、商业中心；时尚与浪漫之都，很多重大活动在此举行；有悠久的历史和丰富的旅游资源，最著名的有埃菲尔铁塔(the Eiffel Tower)、凯旋门(Arc de Triomphe)和巴黎圣母院(Notre Dame de Paris)等。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Paris, the capital of France, is located in the north of France.It has a population of about 2.2 million.It is the second largest city in Europe.As for the weather, it never gets too hot or too cold.And it is at its best during the spring and autumn months.
Paris is the culture, education, and business centre of France.It is a city of fashion and romance.So many important events have been held here.Paris is a modern city with a long history which has so many places for people to visit.The most famous are the Eiffel Tower, Are de Triomphe and Notre Dame de Paris.In a word, Paris is really a great and attractive city.
课下主题训练重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①independence □ ②dynasty □
③diverse □ ④population □
⑤valuable □ ⑥origin □
⑦attraction □ ⑧display □
⑨foggy □ border □
slavery □ revolution □
witness □ democracy □
invader □ aggressive □
mountainous □ history □
multicultural □ treasure □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
independence， display， dynasty， origin， witness， diverse， foggy， aggressive， invader， treasure
1．Tomorrow it will be cold, cloudy, and foggy.
2．This museum has many art treasures.
3．Our city witnesses four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
4．Tea is one of the most favored drinks in our life.However, the origin of tea is lost among history and tales.
5．The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of classical Chinese poetry.
6．The program deals with diverse subjects from pop music to Beijing Opera.
7．Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence.
8．The robots, which were displayed, attracted the children's attention.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Our country is an oriental country with a long history.
2．They finally freed themselves from slavery (slave)．
3．He gave us a valuable (value) insight into the problems of education.
4．There are a variety of tourist attractions (attract) and historical sites in China.
5．He says the mountainous (mountain) region between Afghanistan and Pakistan is the most dangerous place in the world.
6．China has a population of more than thirteen hundred million now.
7．John was an aggressive (aggression) guy, who did his job well.
8．After several years of struggle, the brave army finally defeated the invaders (invader)．
Ⅲ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．France borders Germany along parts of the Rhine. 与……接壤
2．The family is considering moving to Bali which is creative, innovative and multicultural.
多元文化的
3．Democracy requires the public to make choices and decisions. 民主
4．The computer revolution has produced many devices. 革命
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The UK has a well respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research instructions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing.
October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar. Universities have something called Freshers' Week for their newcomers. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.
However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect (前景) of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve wracking (令人焦虑不安的)．Where do you start？Who should you make friends with？Which clubs should you join
Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years.
Here is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week：
Learn rules. Make sure you know British social etiquette (礼节)．Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends.
Be kind. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends.
Be sociable. The more active you are, the more likely you'll be to meet new people than if you're someone who never leaves his room.
Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you're in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you're friendly.
So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Freshers' Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you'll be passing on your experience to next year's new recruits.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当你在异国他乡求学，对于刚刚步入一个全新校园的你来说，也许一切都会显得很陌生。但是你不要怕，本文将向你介绍一些在英国如何度过新生周的方法。
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．October is generally the busiest month for universities.
B．It's a good idea to put a doorstop in your door.
C．A bit of planning can make Freshers' Week easier.
D．The first week of your every year at university is called Freshers' Week.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话可判断出D项表述错误，新生入学的第一周才叫Freshers' Week。 故选D。
2．The underlined word “recruits” in the last paragraph refers to .
A．courses B．freshers
C．neighbors D．challenges
解析：选B 词义猜测题。最后一段逗号后面的意思是：新生周可以让你的大学生活有一个很棒的开端，而且你将很快把你的经验传给下一年的新生。故选B。
3. We can infer from the 4th paragraph that .
A．the newcomers usually miss the days living at home
B．most of the students in the UK spend three years in universities
C．many freshers are worried about how to fit university life
D．all the new students will make new friends and join certain clubs
解析：选C 推理判断题。该段的第一句话说“数以千计的其他人也会和你一样担心如何正确地开始他们的大学生活”，由此可知应选C项。
4. The main purpose of the passage is to .
A．tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universities
B．introduce something about higher education system of the UK
C．discuss something about the Freshers' Week in the UK
D．advise the freshmen how to behave well in the beginning
解析：选A 写作意图题。从文章第五段的“Here is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week”可以看出该文的写作目的是A项。其中，“Freshers' Week”指的就是a new start in universities。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems 1 .
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated (孕育) by 2 . In China, the mother river is the Yellow River 3 the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were 4 for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in the Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture 5 went overseas to Japan, 6 into the Japanese society and 7 the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it 8 to the same system.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was 9 on the Mesopotamian Plain (美索不达米亚平原) — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well known as the 10 of the European culture. 11 the Chinese culture, the European one also 12 waters. When the colonists of England 13 in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't 14 from the European one a lot.
At the same time, the 15 of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形文字的) languages while the Western languages are 16 based on the Latin system, for example, the one I'm using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference 17 as well. However， 18 the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom 19 until recent centuries. 20 ， they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干扰) from the other.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东西方文化的起源、发展和它们之间的差异。
1．A．above all B．on the whole
C．in all D．in no case
解析：选B 下文都是与两种不同的文化体系有关，说明这是造就文化差异总的原因，故选择on the whole。above all“首先”；in all“总共，总计”；in no case“决不”。
2．A．mountains B．plains
C．lakes D．rivers
解析：选D 根据下文“...the mother river is the Yellow River ...”和“...the Hindu River.”可知选D。
3．A．or B．for
C．while D．when
解析：选C while表示对比。中国的母亲河是黄河，而印度的则是印度河。
4．A．developed B．improved
C．created D．protected
解析：选A 与下文“...formed their own styles.”为承接关系，前者指的是两种文化的发展。同时与第三段第二句“This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.”相呼应。故选A。
5．A．suddenly B．quietly
C．gradually D．naturally
解析：选C 文化传播应是逐渐的。故选择gradually。
6．A．mixed B．changed
C．decided D．forced
解析：选A 唐朝文化传播到日本，与日本文化融合。
7．A．expanded B．interrupted
C．influenced D．shaped
解析：选D 中日两种文化的融合，进而形成了现在的日本文化。shape“使成为……形状，塑造”，符合语境。
8．A．comes B．belongs
C．amounts D．adds
解析：选B 根据上句日本文化的形成可知，中日文化虽有较大差异，但仍属于同一文化体系。
9．A．brought up B．carried out
C．given out D．picked up
解析：选A 与上句中的“When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture ...”相对应，另一种文化孕育于美索不达米亚平原。bring up“培养，孕育”，符合语境。
10．A．result B．sign
C．base D．content
解析：选C 古希腊和古罗马文化是欧洲文化的根基(base)。
11．A．Via B．Except
C．With D．Like
解析：选D 由下文中的also可知，西方文化的传播像中国文化一样也越过了海洋。
12．A．affected B．spread
C．crossed D．formed
解析：选C 下文举的例子说明欧洲文化也跨越了海洋。
13．A．joined up B．went up
C．broke down D．settled down
解析：选D 英国殖民者登陆美洲定居下来。settle down“定居”，符合语境。
14．A．come B．suffer
C．result D．differ
解析：选D 从上文欧洲文明与美洲文明的渊源来看，美洲文化和欧洲文化应无很大区别。
15．A．difference B．development
C．appearance D．feature
解析：选A 由下文可知，该段主要说明语言的差异。
16．A．properly B．partly
C．simply D．mostly
解析：选D 在东方，大多数的语言属于象形语言，而大多数的西方语言都是从拉丁语系演变过来。
17．A．last B．count
C．reduce D．change
解析：选B 其他一些因素诸如人种上的差异(在东西方文化差异形成上)也产生了重要影响。
18．A．in terms of B．due to
C．as to D．in case of
解析：选B 因为东西方之间远隔千山万水，路途又颇为险峻，所以直到最近几个世纪二者才开始有交流。前半句是原因，后半句是结果。
19．A．transform B．display
C．communicate D．distinguish
解析：选C 此处指两种文化的交流(communicate)。transform“改变”；display“展示”；distinguish“区分”。
20．A．Furthermore B．Meanwhile
C．Therefore D．However
解析：选C 前面一句提到的是原因。本句提到的是结果：这两种文化都是在互不干扰的情况下按照各自的模式形成并发展。therefore“因此”，符合语境。
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约∥点明约稿意图
稿卜②主题、时间等约稿的具体要求
③期待参加并希望及时回复
把握主题
Para. 1
引出主题:贝尔维尤的红绿灯时长可根据交通状况灵活变化
本文是一篇说明
aras。
设计此种红绿灯的好处:① declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home
文,主要介绍了
2-3
@make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed
华盛顿的一种可
介绍此种信号灯的不足:I’ s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits
根据交通状况调
Para. 4
for smaller cities
整时间的交通信
Para. 5
贝尔维尤勇于改变的做法给我们的启示:尝试新的事物是值得的。
号灯Unit 3 Life in the future
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．tablet n. 药片
2．steward n. 乘务员；服务员
3．stewardess n. 女乘务员
4．mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装
5．belt n. 腰带；皮带
6．timetable n. 时间表；时刻表
7．citizen n. 公民；居民；市民
8．typist n. 打字员
9．postage n. 邮资
10．button n. 纽扣；按钮
11．receiver n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒
12．ecology n. 生态；生态学
13．greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的
14．swallow vt. 吞下；咽下
15．goods n. 货物
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．aspect n. 方面；层面
2．previous adj. 在前的；早先的
3．guide n. 指导；向导；导游
vt. 指引；指导
4．lack vi.&vt. 缺乏；没有
n. 缺乏；短缺的东西
5．fasten vt. 系牢；扎牢
6．flash vt.&vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现
7．switch n. 开关；转换
vt. 转换
8．optimistic adj. 乐观(主义)的
9．dustbin n. 垃圾箱
10．material n. 原料；材料
11．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
12．representative n. 代表；典型人物
adj. 典型的；有代表性的
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1. tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerance n． 容忍
2．impress v．(使)留下深刻印象→ impression n．印象；感想；印记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
3．constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地
4．surround vt.围绕→ surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的
5．adjust vt.调整；使适应→adjustment n．调整；调节
6．press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)
7．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.马上conj. 一……就……
8．settle v．定居；解决→settlement n．定居；解决
9．motivate v．成为……的动机；激励→motivation n．动机
10．certain adj.确信的；有把握的→ uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certainty n．确信
[语境活用]
1．We are in instant need of help. Please tell us instantly they arrive. (instant)
2．An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement. (settle)
3．The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was recognized and was surrounded by a crowd of fans. (surround)
4．The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable, so I have to accept this new job. (press)
5．The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place. Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors. I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it. (impress)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
背词条用法 (1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2)put up with 容忍；忍受
背写作佳句 ①I can't tolerate you doing such a rude thing.我不能容忍你做这样粗鲁的事情。②I've put up with his bad temper for a long time.我已经忍受他的坏脾气很长时间了。
2. lack vi.&vt.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西
背词条用法 (1)for lack of ... 因为缺乏……(a) lack of ... 缺乏……(2)be lacking in ... 缺少……
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Our English teacher is kind, considerate and never lacking in patience with us just like our dear mother.我们的英语老师善良、体贴，对我们从不缺乏耐心，就像我们亲爱的妈妈一样。②(2020·江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.后来，他在非洲工作，那里许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。
3. press vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；印刷；新闻
背词条用法 (1)press ... against/to ... 把……压/挤/贴在……press sb. to do sth. 极力劝说/敦促某人做某事(2)put pressure on ... 给……施压under pressure 面临压力；受到压力release the pressure 释放压力
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In order to release the pressure resulting from our study, I went to Xingxing Farm to pick some oranges together with my classmates last weekend.为了缓解学习带来的压力，上周末我和同学们一起去兴兴农场摘橘子。 ②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Our teacher often presses us to study hard.我们的老师常常敦促我们努力学习。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用
2．suffer from 患有(疾病等)；遭受
3．as a result 结果；因此
4．be greedy for ... 对……贪婪；渴望
5．(a) lack of ... 缺乏……
6．be back on one's feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原
7．lose sight of ... 看不见……
8．in all directions 向四面八方
9．sweep up 打扫；横扫
10．slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……
11．remind sb. of ... 使某人想起……
12．speed up 加速
13．be similar to 与……相似
14．under the guidance of 在……指引下
重点短语拓展用活
1. take up占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；从事
背相关短语 take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞take over 接管take down 写下；记下；拆除take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
背写作佳句 ①Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.彼得将于下月底就任旅行社主管。②(2020·天津5月高考)I remember the day when shyness took over my life.我记得羞怯占据我生命的那一天。③Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.多亏了良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功了。
2. lose sight of ... 看不见……；忽略……
背相关短语 (1)catch sight of ... 望见；看到lose one's sight 失明come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘(2)at first sight 乍一看at the sight of ... 看到out of sight 看不到in/within sight 在视野内
背写作佳句 ①Only a short sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。②His parents watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents.他的父母看着他走出视线，走进了成百上千的学生和家长中。
3. speed up加速
背相关短语 (1)reduce speed＝slow down 减速pick up speed＝gather speed 逐渐加速(2)at a speed of ... 以……速度
背写作佳句 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”教练不停地重复着：“加速！”“减速！”“左转！”②Light travels at a speed of about 300, 000 kilometers per second, which proved correct in many different ways.光约以每秒30万公里的速度传播，这一数值已被用多种不同方法证明正确。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. (过去分词短语作状语)
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
佳句① (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Bathed in sunshine, we sang and laughed while picking oranges.沐浴在阳光下，我们摘橘子时，一边唱歌一边笑。
佳句② Adapted from a true story, this film is popular among young people.改编自一个真实故事，这部电影在年轻人中很受欢迎。
2. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. (形容词作状语)
我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
佳句① (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Unable to answer my teacher's question, I stood, silent, numb with shock.我回答不了老师的问题，站在那里一动不动，吓得麻木了。
佳句② (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)After a whole day of hard work on the farm, we arrived home, tired but happy.在农场辛苦工作了一整天之后，我们回到家里，虽然累但很高兴。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．It inspired me to achieve my dreams, no matter what happens in my life in the future.
它激励着我去实现我的梦想，不管将来我的生活会发生什么。
2．The development of technology is changing our lifestyle, but it also makes us lose some enjoyment when we enjoy it.
科技的发展正改变着我们的生活方式，但也让我们在享受的时候失去了一些快乐。
3．With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, mobile Internet will become people's important environment of the future digital living.
随着移动通信技术的飞速发展，移动互联网将成为人们未来数字化生活的重要环境。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——约稿信(一)
[题目要求]
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：
1．主题：环境保护；
2．展览时间；
3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Peter，
An International Middle School Student Photography Show is to be held by the photography club in our school. I'm writing to invite you to join it. Here is the detailed information.
The show, whose theme is environmental protection, is designed for middle school students. It aims at encouraging people to fight air pollution and live a green life. I know you're quite skilled in taking photographs and that you're always devoted to environmental protection. This is surely a good chance for you. The entries are scheduled to be on display from June 26 to June 28 in the exhibition hall. If you are interested in it, please send your photos to intlphotoshow@ before June 10.
I do hope that you can join us. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学谋篇布局
2．学亮丽开头
开头首先介绍了写信的背景——我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展。接着用I'm writing to invite you to join it.发出约稿邀约，点明写信目的。最后用Here is the detailed information.结束本段，引出下文。整段内容层次分明、逻辑清晰。
3．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：be designed for, aim at, be devoted to, schedule, on display等，丰富了文章的语言表达。
(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：动词不定式短语作表语to be held by the photography club；非限制性定语从句whose theme is environmental protection；祈使句please send your photos to ...；助动词do表强调I do hope that you can join us.等。这些高级句式和结构的使用为文章锦上添花，既丰富了文章的语言结构，又恰当地表述了内容要点。
4．学精彩结尾
结尾用助动词do表强调的I do hope ...表达希望对方参加的诚恳态度。最后用Looking forward to your early reply.表达了对回复的期待。
5．防微点失分
考生容易把“Here is the detailed information.”中的information误用成informations，或把“This is surely a good chance for you.”中的a漏掉，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They were both uncertain (无把握的) about what to do and went to their uncle for help.
2．More young people are making the switch (转换) to job seeking online.
3．Paper, iron and glass are all materials which can be recycled (回收利用) and used again.
4．Teachers think highly of Alice, because she is constantly (不断地) working hard.
5．My sister is optimistic (乐观的) about her chance of winning the English speech contest.
6．Mr Brown is my previous (早先的) teacher, who taught me physics in my secondary school.
7．During the morning your guide (导游) will take you on a walking tour of the city.
8．All passengers on board are expected to fasten (系牢) the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．This is the Lake District Attractions Guide for all the potential tourists.
旅游指南(或手册)
2．On February 24, 2020, the WHO China Joint Mission on COVID 19 held a press conference in Beijing. 记者招待会；新闻发布会
3．(2020·江苏高考)Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. 典型；代表
4．(2020·浙江7月高考)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour.
用光发出(信号)
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
定居点
6．It is not because doing volunteer work brings her material rewards but because it makes her very happy that the author likes doing it. 物质的；实际的
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
2.The naughty boy slid (slide) out of the classroom while no one was looking.
3.They have decided to make a few adjustments (adjust) to their travelling plan.
4.We hope that a representative (represent) will soon be appointed to come here for the discussion on the compensation.
5.You should make a good impression (impress) on somebody when you first meet.
6.The Supreme Court is likely to persuade the parties concerned to work out a settlement (settle).
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)slide的过去式和过去分词都是slid，现在分词为sliding。
(2)make adjustments/an adjustment to ...意为“对……做出调整”，其中adjustment为可数名词，类似表达还有：make changes/a change to ..., make contributions/a contribution to ..., make preparations for ...，make arrangements for ...等。
(3)representative作名词时，意为“代表，典型人物”，作形容词时，意为“典型的；有代表性的”，常用短语为be representative of ...。
(4)make a good/deep/strong impression on sb.意为“给某人留下好/深刻印象”，注意介词on。
(5)settlement意为“解决，处理”时为不可数名词，意为“协议，定居点”时，为可数名词。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．tolerate
[明其义]
vt.容忍；忍受
[通其用]
单句语法填空/补全句子
①I can't tolerate working (work) with Kate in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works.
②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go.
③We should learn the tolerance (tolerate) and patience, as impulse (冲动) is not good to yourself and your future dream.
④In some experts' opinion, living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.
依一些专家的观点，火星上的生存条件非常艰苦，难以忍受。
[解其困]
“容忍；忍受”的种种表达：
①tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受 ②bear vt. 忍受；忍耐
③stand vt. 忍受 ④put up with 忍受；容忍
2．lack
[明其义]
vi.&vt.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
②A lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
③Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, of which lacking (lack) water is the worst.
(2)句型转换
④Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm. (用状语从句的省略升级句子)
→Though lacking in experience, Jack made up for it in enthusiasm.
[解其困]
lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。
3．press
[明其义]
vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；印刷；新闻
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Out of curiosity, the little girl pressed her nose against the shop window.
②(2018·江苏高考)The report said they also faced pressure (press) to respond to messages at all hours of the day — especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
(2)补全句子
③I know studying is very important, but my parents put too much pressure on me.
我知道学习很重要，但父母给我施加太多压力。
④No matter how much pressure you are under, you will never give up halfway.
无论你面临多么大的压力，都不要半途放弃。
[解其困]
press作动词时一词多义，需注意其在语境中的具体意义；pressure为不可数名词。
4．instant
[明其义]
n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①He paused for an instant before continuing.
②In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
(2)一句多译
让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。
③Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the instant she read the letter. (instant)
④Much to my surprise, she burst into tears instantly she read the letter. (instantly)
⑤Much to my surprise, on/upon reading the letter, she burst out crying. (on/upon doing)
[解其困]
the instant和instantly都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，有类似用法的还有：immediately, directly, the moment/minute/second等。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
be greedy for， speed up， slide into， lose sight of， be optimistic about， be representative of， be back on one's feet， leave a deep impression on， for lack of， under the guidance of
1. It's obvious that people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside.
2．The young man was greedy for knowledge, so he went abroad for further study.
3.The time saved sped/speeded up production and released workers for other jobs.
4．I lost sight of him but could still hear his footsteps.
5.Under the guidance of a local villager, we finally found the ancient castle.
6．If there is one person who has left a deep impression on me, it's my teacher, Mrs Pathak.
7．It's good to see you at work again. You are back on your feet so soon!
8．Always be optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.
9．The researchers first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are representative of those of most of us.
10.It's easy to slide into the bad habit of smoking, which is difficult to get out of.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)speed作动词时，其过去式和过去分词有两种，分别为speed—sped—sped和speed—speeded—speeded。
(2)under the guidance of ...“在……的指导下”，with the help/assistance/aid of ...“在……的帮助/协助下”，注意两组中的介词搭配。
(3)slide into除“溜进……”之意外，还可意为“不知不觉地染上/陷入(坏习惯)”。
Ⅱ.多义比比看——一词多义
1．写出下列各句中take up的含义
①I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time. 占用
②I put the telephone down and took up my work again. 继续
③He thinks that it is not difficult to take up a new career.开始从事
④I'm going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing. 接受
2. 写出下列各句中lose sight of的含义
①Under no circumstances should we lose sight of our original aim. 忽视，忘记
②Her parents waved to her train until they lost sight of it. 看不见
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)过去分词短语作状语
[通其用]
补全句子
①Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
在一部新电影中被提供给一个重要角色，安迪有机会成名。
②Located in the central district, the Xi'an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
西安饭店位于市中心区，以最低的价格提供最好的服务。
③Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
一个多星期前订的书，预计现在随时会到。
[解其困]
(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。
(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。
(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
(二)形容词(短语)作状语
[通其用]
用形容词(短语)作状语翻译句子
①他又惊又喜地站起来接受了这个奖。
Surprised and happy, he stood up and accepted the prize.
②由于太紧张，我一开始什么都想不出来。
Too nervous, I couldn't think of anything at the beginning.
③让我们宽慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回家了，虽然很累，但很健康。
To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy.
[解其困]
(1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
(2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020浙江7月高考·阅读理解B篇——对接课标主题：社会进步与人类文明
精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9：30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9：33 am, a burst of additional① traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9：37 am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
[2]That② is by design. Bellevue, a fast growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection (十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
[3]“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed③，” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
[4]For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure all④ for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities，” he says.
[5]In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
［析微点·厚积语言基础］
①构词法——n.＋ al→adj.
词源：addition n．增加；添加
addition＋ al→additional adj.额外的
②微技法——代词指代题的解题技巧：
在做代词指代题时，首先需分析上下文，确定代词所指对象、代词指代的数。在认真阅读、理解文章中心思想的基础上寻找代词的指代范围。在做第25题时，首先观察that位置，它位于段首，起到承上启下的作用，所以要关注第一段段尾叙述的内容。
③微积累——熟词生义：address
n．地址 (熟义)
v．解决 (生义)
④微积累——阅读词汇
cure all n．万灵药；灵丹妙药
通句式——句子(1)中that引导宾语从句，consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”；making their streets run smarter使用了“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
25．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Increased length of green lights.
B．The shortened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing of traffic signals.
D．Smooth traffic flow on the road.
解析：选C 代词指代题。根据文章第一段的内容可以推知，that 指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间，故选C项。
26．What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals
A．They work better on broad roads.
B．They should be used in other cities.
C．They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D．They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“others are so jammed that only ...It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities”可知， Kevin Balke 认为可调节式的交通信号灯对小城市的交通改善是有用的，但对交通极度拥堵的城市而言，作用并不是非常大，故选D项。
27．What can we learn from Bellevue's success
A．It is rewarding to try new things.
B．The old methods still work today.
C．It pays to put theory into practice.
D．The simplest way is the best way.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches”可推知，从Bellevue 装可调节式交通信号灯一事上不难发现，它的成功在于积极尝试新事物，故选A项。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第27题主要考查学生的逻辑性思维。根据文章最后一段中的“the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches”可推知，从贝尔维尤使用智能交通信号灯一事可以得知贝尔维尤勇于尝试新的方法，所以它的成功在于积极尝试新事物，故选A项。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了美国华盛顿州的贝尔维尤使用智能交通信号灯的情况，这种智能交通信号灯对该市的交通状况有显著的改善作用，但是对于交通十分拥堵的城市来说作用不大。贝尔维尤积极尝试新事物的做法给我们的启示：可以用新的方法解决长期存在的问题，尝试新的事物是值得的。文章倡导和弘扬科学创新精神，以此来鼓励和激发学生的科学探索和创新意识。
借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The government provided an additional (addition) $25 million to expand the service.
2．His books have gained in popularity (popular) in recent years.
3．In the new surroundings，you should learn to be more adaptive (adapt)．
4．We need to take a different approach to the problem.
5．He wasn't so vain as to think he was smarter (smart) than his boss.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．This is not an accident, but rather, by design (精心设计的)．
2．I wanted to make a difference to (对……有影响) the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that.
3．Families and friends can benefit from (从……中受益)support groups offered by these organizations.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed.
[句式解构] 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是Adaptive signals，谓语动词是can make sure。其中第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导定语从句，修饰the traffic demand。
[句意翻译] 自动适应信号可以确保现有的交通需求得到满足。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic ”为题写一篇短文，介绍你的创意。内容包括：
1．说明设计理由； 2.介绍新功能。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
My Magic Shoes
Shoes are used for all of us every day.They're the necessities of our life.So the idea of inventing a new type of shoes has come into my mind recently.
Firstly, some wheels are used in the shoes which are invisible in the most cases, but they'll be used as a skateboard at once by pressing the buttons on the shoes.Secondly, a small bulb and some batteries are fixed in front of the shoes.When walking in the darkness alone, you needn't worry about anything.Finally, a GPS can be used in the shoes to help to locate students when they're away home or school.
Such are the shoes I have designed.Don't you think it a good idea to try them on
课下主题训练社会进步与人类文明
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①remarkable □ ②affordable □
③efficient □ ④harmony □
⑤intelligent □ ⑥furnished □
⑦benefit □ ⑧enjoyable □
⑨develop □ ⑩convenient □
automatic □ solar □
invisible □ novel □
boom □ advanced □
electronic □ invention □
planet □ universe □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
solar， convenient， novel， boom， development， automatic， invisible， advanced， universe， planet
1．With the development of science and technology, our life will be more and more convenient.
2．Solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will have been switched into energy as well in the future.
3．Early astronomers thought that our planet was the centre of the universe.
4．The vehicles in the future can turn on the automatic driving mode after someone gets into the car, and drive to the destination autonomously.
5．Many stars that are invisible without a telescope at present will be fully explored.
6．It is very difficult to come up with new, creative and novel ideas unless you are passionate about moving society forward.
7．Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy.
8．They have to have a basic understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Scientists have discovered remarkable (remark) new evidence showing how the body rebuilds itself while we sleep.
2．It can be beneficial (benefit) to share your feelings with someone you trust.
3．If you're looking for an affordable (afford) and comfortable way to get around China, train travel is the way to go.
4．It is also a proven fact that students who have the knowledge of and interest in music tend to plan and organize actions efficiently (efficient) in their personal lives.
5．The new law focuses on the efficient use of water sources and emphasizes the harmonious (harmony) development of China's population, its economy and environment.
6．There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent (intelligence) machines.
7．The life in future is described as colourful, intelligent, and enjoyable (enjoy), which appeals to nearly every one of us.
8．In the future, our houses will be furnished (furnish) with modern equipment, such robots, solar energy.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It is now February 7, 2035. The search engine TalkTalk will open to the public next week and this service will be something beyond your imagination. For the first time you cannot only talk to the search engine, but you can discuss with it what you are looking for.
For example, if you want to know more about the oil price, TalkTalk will ask if you want to know the current oil price, the development of the oil price, or news related to the oil price. You say that you want to read news about it and TalkTalk asks you if you prefer a certain source. TalkTalk then directs you to your source, or lets you have the latest news related to the oil price in order from the most respected sources.
Compared with other search services that use a certain algorithm (程序) to provide data from a search, the artificial intelligence (人工智能) behind TalkTalk is said to easily spot if a certain source is aiming to cheat the searcher. TalkTalk also judges and stores every given reply and discussion to learn how to give correct answers. TalkTalk is also set to answer questions directly where there is a definite answer. How well this will work in the long run is yet to be seen, but thousands of people have tested TalkTalk and the quality is really good.
The first talking search engine saw the light of day more than 30 years ago and was called Speegle. It could read you the results from a written search on the Internet, and was mostly for blind people.
So far, TalkTalk cannot read the information from a certain source to you by phone, if it is not freely available. There are currently talks to find an arrangement for this, but it would most likely be difficult because of copyright (版权)．
TalkTalk is available over the Internet and also by phone, even though it only speaks English. There are no plans to add other languages in the near future, most likely because it will cost a lot of money. When you are tired of asking TalkTalk all your questions, just ask，“Where is TalkTalk？” and you will get an answer that will make you smile.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超出你想象的搜索引擎TalkTalk的有关情况。
1．The example in Paragraph 2 is given to show .
A．how to use the search engine TalkTalk
B．how to search for news on the Internet
C．the oil price is a very hot issue currently
D．TalkTalk has very high intelligence
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段末句“这是第一次你不但能和搜索引擎说话，而且还能够和它讨论你要找什么”可知，TalkTalk有很高的智能，故第二段举例则是为了证明这个观点。
2．The advantage of TalkTalk is that it can .
A．be available wherever you go
B．tell if a certain source is reliable
C．read the search results for you
D．offer different kinds of search results
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段的首句“...the artificial intelligence (人工智能) behind TalkTalk is said to easily spot if a certain source is aiming to cheat the searcher.”可知答案。
3. What can be inferred from the text
A．TalkTalk can read all the information online.
B．TalkTalk will speak other languages soon.
C．TalkTalk may have a bright future.
D．TalkTalk is very expensive.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段末句可知，TalkTalk经数千人检验后，质量的确很好，由此推断其前景可能不错。
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Hello, TalkTalk
B．Where is TalkTalk
C．TalkTalk is improving
D．Development of search engines
解析：选A 标题归纳题。全文的中心词在TalkTalk，并且重点介绍了用户能够和它进行讨论的特点。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Have you ever imagined 1 (live) in 2200 A recent study describes robots, underwater cities and holidays in space. City planners and experts on space and architecture 2 (ask) to give their ideas on life in 2200. According to them, the way people live, work and play will be totally different 3 how we do these things today.They also said that over twenty years ago，people couldn't imagine how the Internet 4 the smartphones would change our lives. But today，both have changed the way we communicate, learn and do daily things, and the changes in the next century will probably be even 5 (great)．
Those 6 (question) in the research said that people may not go to offices in the future but will work at home instead. People will have advanced 3D printers that will let 7 download a design for furniture or a food recipe and then “print” the sofa, table or pizza at home. 8 will also be less need for visits to the doctor. People will have a home health capsule that will “diagnose” what the problem is and provide various 9 (treat). They will also be going into space for holidays, and 10 (hopeful), to get resources that have been used up on the earth.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，描述了城市设计者和太空及建筑专家对2200年人类生活、工作和娱乐的设想。
1．living imagine doing sth. 意为“想象做某事”。故填living。
2．were asked ask 在这里是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，又因动作发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是复数，故填were asked。
3．from be different from... 为固定搭配，意为“与……不同”。故填from。
4．and 由下一句中的both 可知 the Internet 与 the smartphones之间是并列关系。故填and。
5．greater 此处比较现在与下一个世纪的改变程度，应用比较级。even修饰形容词比较级。故填greater。
6．questioned 此处应用 question 的非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰Those, question 与 Those 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填questioned。
7．them 根据语境可知空格处代指前面提到的People，作宾语，所以应用宾格。故填them。
8．There 根据下文中的“People will have a home health capsule that will ‘diagnose’ what the problem is and provide various (treat)．”可知，人们在家里就能诊断和治疗疾病，因此推断此处是说将来去看医生的需要会减少。故填There。
9．treatments 此处作宾语，应用名词形式，treatment 在此意为“疗法”，前有various 修饰，故填treatments。
10．hopefully 修饰整个句子，应用副词作评注性状语。故填hopefully。
Ⅲ.短文改错
One day, I was watching TV with my parents then I learned a total lunar eclipse (月蚀) would occur the next week. The photos of previous occasions in the news report fueled my curiosity. To have a better understanding, I attended a professionally lecture about the eclipse at the weekend in the community library, listened to an explicit introduction. Back at home, I searched online for more relevant information.
Finally come the big moment. Exciting and amazed, I watched the eclipse with my parents and neighbors. We took photo with our cell phones record this breathtaking scene. The next day, my classmates and I shared with our photos shot from different angles, having a lot of fun.
What a wonderful experience! I admired an magical beauty or accumulated astronomical knowledge.
答案：
第一句：then→when
第三句：professionally→professional; listened→listening
第五句：come→came
第六句：Exciting→Excited
第七句：photo→photos; record前加to
第八句：去掉with
第十句：an→a; or→and
Ⅳ.书面表达
你认为到了22世纪，世界会变得更美好还是更糟糕？请以“The world in 100 years”为主题写一篇英文演讲稿，从教育水平、环境保护以及科技发展等方面阐述自己的观点和理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文章开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone!
Thank you for listening!
参考范文：
Good morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “The world in 100 years”．
I believe the world will be a better place in 100 years for the following reasons：
Firstly, with the fast development of society, more attention will be paid to education. Thus, the next generation will have greater knowledge, which will result in better public order. Secondly, people today have realized the importance of protecting the environment and wildlife. There is no doubt that the earth will be a picture of green mountains and fresh water. Thirdly, more of the universe will be explored in 100 years. Human beings might be able to settle down on other planets so there will be fewer wars for energy and land.
Thank you for listening!
PAGE
23(共69张PPT)
把握主题
Para
Paras. 2-3
Para. 4
Para
→Para6
本文是一篇说明
引出主题:介绍研究的过程及发进一步解释指出其他有挑战性的工作也可以呼应主题:再
文。文章认为有
研究的成果:有现:科学家让志‖研究的发现:帮助大脑健康的工作:通过举例次强调并呼吁挑战性的工作能
挑战性的工作愿者们参加测试,将有挑战性说明其他难度大的工作(如服务人们做挑战性
够让人更好地保
能够帮助你保|以测试他们的记|的工作与长员的工作)和高难度的办公室工的工作来锻炼
持头脑敏锐。
忆力和思考能力。跑作比较。
作一样也可以刺激大脑。
脑力。
持大脑的活力Unit 4 Making the news
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．journalist n． 记者；新闻工作者
2．assignment n. 任务；分配
3．submit vt. 递交；呈递(文件等)
4．colleague n. 同事
5．amateur n. 业余爱好者
6．update vt. 更新；使现代化
7．deliberately adv. 故意地
8．sceptical adj. 怀疑的
9．dilemma n. (进退两难的)困境；窘境
10．technical adj. 技术(上)的；技巧方面的
11．thorough adj. 彻底的；详尽的
12．crime n. 罪行；犯罪
13．accurate adj. 精确的；正确的
14．senior adj. 年长的；高年级的；高级的
15．polish vt. 擦亮；磨光；润色
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．delighted adj. 快乐的；欣喜的
2．eager adj. 渴望的；热切的
3．acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到
4．inform vt. 告知；通知
5．deadline n. 最后期限
6．meanwhile adv. 其间；同时
7．case n. 情况；病例；案例
8．accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告
9．demand n. 需求；要求
vt. 强烈要求
10．publish vt. 出版；发行；发表；公布
11．gifted adj. 有天赋的
12．department n. 部门；部；处；系
13．chief adj. 主要的；首席的
n. 首领；长官
14．process vt. 加工；处理
n. 过程；程序；步骤
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．concentrate vi.&vt.集中；聚集→concentration n．专心；集中→concentrated adj.全神贯注的
2．guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪→guilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的
3．edit v．编辑→editor n．编辑→edition n．版(本)；版次
4．approve vt.赞成；认可；批准→approval n．赞成；认可；批准→disapproval n．不赞成；反对
5．appoint vt.约定；任命→appointment n．约定；任命
6．assess vt.评估；评定→assessment n．评定；评估
7．admire vt.钦佩；羡慕→admirable adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的
8．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．帮助；协助→assistant n．助手；助理；售货员
9．profession n．职业；专业→professional adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员
[语境活用]
1．Professor Smith, who is famous in the medical profession, is paying a professional visit to our college. (profession)
2．Mary and I had appointed to meet at the shopping center, but she failed to keep the appointment, so I was very angry. (appoint)
3．In class, the naughty boy has little power of concentration; as a result, he could not concentrate on what his teacher says. But when he plays computer games, he can't be more concentrated. (concentrate)
4．Tom is an assistant teacher in the college. He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need.(assist)
5．We went to the gallery last weekend and all the artists were very admirable. In other words, we admired the artists for their admirable skills. (admire)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1. assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
背词条用法 (1)assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事assist sb. with/in sth. 帮助某人某事assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)with the assistance of ... 在……的帮助下come to one's assistance 援助某人(3)be of great assistance 有很大帮助
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Whenever we meet with problems, our English teacher is always there to assist us to overcome them.每当我们遇到问题时，我们的英语老师总是帮助我们克服它们。②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)With the assistance of my English teacher, I have made great progress in English.在英语老师的帮助下，我在英语上取得了巨大的进步。
2. inform vt.告知；通知
背词条用法 inform sb. of/about sth. 告知/通知某人某事inform sb. that/when/how ... 通知某人……keep sb. informed (of ...) 使某人随时了解(……)
背写作佳句 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Here I'd like to inform you of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.在这儿我想告诉你一些详细情况，以便你能做好充分的准备。 ②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I'm more than delighted to inform you that a short English film will be shown this weekend.我非常高兴通知你们，一部英文短片在这个周末将要上映。
3．case n．情况；病例；案例
背词条用法 in case 假使；以防万一in case of ... 假如发生……；万一发生……in any case 无论如何；不管怎样in no case 决不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话as is often the case 这是常有的事
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As is often the case, my English teacher comes to my assistance whenever I am in trouble.这是常有的事，每当我有困难时，我的英语老师就会来帮助我。②(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)In no case would all the participants give up halfway no matter how difficult it was.不管多么困难，所有的参赛者都绝对不会半途而废。
4. demand n．需求；要求vt.强烈要求
背词条用法 (1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求(2)demand (of sb.) to do sth. 要求(某人)做某事demand that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事
背写作佳句 ①(2020·天津高考书面表达)Our teacher demanded that we all (should) attend the coming of age ceremony.老师要求我们都要参加这个成人仪式。②(2019·江苏高考)More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.为了满足清洁能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。③In the 1950s, college graduates were in great demand and had a large choice of jobs waiting for them.二十世纪50年代，大学毕业生的需求量很大，有很多工作等着他们。
5. approve vt.赞成；认可；批准
背词条用法 (1)approve sth. 批准/通过某事approve of (sb./one's) doing sth. 赞同/同意(某人)做某事(2)get one's approval 得到某人的同意
背写作佳句 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval.如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。②She felt quite excited with so many people approving of her being the monitor.这么多人赞成她做班长，她感到很兴奋。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于
2．depend on 依靠；依赖
3．accuse ... of 因……指责或控告……
4．so as to (do sth.) 为了(做)……
5．ahead of 在……前面
6．have a nose for ... 对……很敏感；善于发现
7．keep ... in mind 记住……
8．be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
9．be supposed to 应该
10．be happy with ... 对……满意
11．inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
12．look forward to 盼望
重点短语拓展用活
1. concentrate on集中；全神贯注于
背相关短语 concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事concentrate one's mind/attention/energy on ...集中注意力/精力于；致力于；专心于
背写作佳句 ①It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself.是否能专心学习并取得一定成就要靠他自己。②As a senior high student, I should concentrate my energy on how to master the skills of learning.作为一名高中生，我应该把精力集中在如何掌握学习技能上。
2. depend on依靠；依赖
背相关短语 (1)depend on sb. to do/one's doing sth. 依靠某人做某事depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人供给某物depend on/upon it that ... 指望……；对……深信不疑(2)That depends./ It (all) depends. 视情况而定。
背写作佳句 ①(2020·江苏高考)Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生的事件的看法。②You can depend on it that such a boring thing will never happen again.你可以相信这种无聊的事绝不会再发生了。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1. Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. (否定词置于句首的部分倒装)
周洋永远不会忘记他在一家受欢迎的英文报社的第一次任务。
佳句① (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.我们一到达农场，就看见树枝上挂着许多橘子。
佳句② On no condition can we give up our dreams; only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.在任何情况下我们都不能放弃我们的梦想；只有坚持我们的梦想，我们才能克服各种各样的挑战。
2．His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. (be to do表示将来发生的事，常译为“注定会……；一定会……”)
他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。
佳句① Your dream of becoming a journalist is to come true because you are wise and hard working.因为你既聪明又勤奋，你当记者的梦想一定会实现的。
佳句② The students trust her very much; as a result, her advice is to influence their decision.学生们十分信任她，因此她的建议一定会影响他们的决定。
3. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick (先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句)
你有没有遇到过这样的情况：有人指责你的记者报道失实？
佳句① (2018·浙江高考)Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done.后来我竟到了为完成工作而熬夜的地步。
佳句② The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工可以在其中快乐工作的轻松氛围。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1. Whether you can become a successful journalist depends on whether you work hard enough.
你能否成为一名成功的记者取决于你是否足够努力工作。
2. As a journalist, you need to keep up with the current affairs and be devoted to writing.
作为一名记者，你需要紧跟时事，专心写作。
3. She was now so famous that all the newspapers in London were beating a path to her door.
她现在很出名，以至于伦敦所有的报纸都争先恐后地找她。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——约稿信(二)
[题目要求]
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给你的美国朋友Peter写信约稿，要点如下：
1．栏目介绍； 2.稿件内容；
3．稿件长度：约400词； 4.交稿日期：12月28日前。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Peter，
I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper.
In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， which enjoys great popularity among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about their traditional festivals and customs, as well as their daily lives. I believe this is a wonderful opportunity for you to share your own experiences with us. You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative. The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so. If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please remember to submit your article before 28th, December.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：enjoy great popularity, as well as, relevant, so long as, informative, contribute to, submit等。
(2)准确运用复杂句式结构，如：过去分词短语作定语called “Foreign Cultures”和written by foreign friends；非限制性定语从句which enjoys great popularity among us students；条件状语从句so long as it's interesting and informative等。这些高级表达为文章增色不少，也彰显了考生的语言功底。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾使用I'm looking forward to hearing from you.表达了对回信的期待。
3．防微点失分
考生容易因无句子成分意识将“In the newspaper of our school there is a column called ‘Foreign Cultures’”中的called错误地表达为call，或把“You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative.”中的anything relevant错误地表达为relevant anything，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Police have stressed that this is the most accurate (准确的) description of the accident to date.
2．We are working day and night on the project to meet the deadline (最后期限) set by the manager.
3.In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough (详尽的) plan.
4．The English department (系) of our school will hold a party to celebrate the festival.
5.I still feel guilty (内疚的) about things I said to my father when I was a teenager.
6.It is such an unusual (不同寻常的) work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
7．You should phone his secretary if you want to make an appointment (预约；约会)．
8．After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire (获得) confidence.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The creative team behind “Apes” used motion capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). 数据处理
2. (2020·天津7月高考)In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
专业人士；专家
3. (2020·浙江7月高考)One fall, my wife Elli and I had a single goal: to photograph polar bears. 拍照
4. (2019·江苏高考)To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 老年人
5. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. 最新消息
6. (熟词生义)Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
要求苛刻的
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1. Doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable (admire) commitment.
2．As an amateur of ballet, Andrea was delighted (delight) at the chance to go to the ballet ball.
3．He was accused of robbing a bank and was sentenced to ten years in prison.
4．I think she hurt my feelings deliberately (deliberate) rather than by accident as she claimed.
5．The man was clever, and gifted (gift) with a sharp business brain.
6.She was in a dilemma whether to stay at school or get a job.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)thorough adj.彻底的；详尽的，注意其与through的拼写差异。
(2)guilty与不同介词搭配时意义不同：be guilty about ...“为……感到内疚或惭愧”，be guilty of ....“犯了……罪”。
(3)unusual为usual 前加否定前缀构成，同类词还有：unable不可能的；uncertain 不确定的；unwilling不愿意的。
(4)in a dilemma“处于进退两难的境地”，注意用介词in。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．assist
[明其义]
vt.帮助；协助；援助
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①With the assistance (assist) of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life.
②Mary was chosen as an assistant (assist) to help Mr Brown finish his research.
(2)一句多译
在我的日常生活中，我认为帮助母亲做家务是我的责任。
③In my daily life, I think it my duty to assist my mother with the housework.
④In my daily life, I think it my duty to assist my mother to do the housework.
⑤In my daily life, I think it my duty to assist my mother in doing the housework.
[解其困]
表示“帮助”的词还有help和aid，三者皆可用于assist/ help/aid sb. to do sth.结构中，help用于该结构时可省略不定式符号to。
2．inform
[明其义]
vt.告知；通知
[通其用]
单句语法填空
①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed (inform) of the programme's progress.
②This really excites scientists because it means we have the chance to obtain information (inform) about how the moon is constructed.
③I'm writing to inform you of/about the detailed arrangements for our trip to Italy next month.
[解其困]
inform后不能跟双宾语，表达“告知某人某事”要用inform sb. of/about sth.。
3．case
[明其义]
n．情况；病例；案例
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江6月高考写作)I held the rope tightly in case I might fall off.
②As is often the case with other old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
(2)句式升级
③We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.(用倒装句升级)
→In no case should we do anything that goes against the interests of people.
(3)一句多译
万一起火，请按铃。
④Ring the bell in case of fire.
⑤Ring the bell in case a fire breaks out.
[解其困]
(1)in case后加从句，in case of后加名词词组。
(2)in no case为否定词组，意为“在任何情况下都不，决不”；若置于句首，句子需部分倒装。
4．demand
[明其义]
n．需求；要求vt.强烈要求
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.
②The policeman demanded to be told (tell) everything I knew about the accident.
③Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding (demand) customers.
(2)一句多译
这位老师要求学生们准时到校。
④The teacher demands that the students (should) go to school on time.(demand that ...)
⑤The teacher demands of the students to go to school on time. (demand of sb. to do sth.)
[解其困]
demand后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为should do, should可省略。
5．approve
[明其义]
vt.赞成；认可；批准
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①A survey done recently shows that not all parents approve of their children taking part in the weekend classes.
②People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self respect comes from the approval (approve) of others.
③I approve of your trying (try) to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
(2)一句多译
(2017·北京高考书面表达)老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。
④The teacher gave his approval to us making a video to record our experiences at school.(approval)
⑤The teacher approved of us making a video to record our experiences at school.(approve)
[解其困]
“赞成/同意某人做某事”不可说成approve sb. to do sth., 因为approve用作“同意；赞成”时是不及物动词，所以应该用approve of sb./one's doing sth.，其中介词of后是动词 ing的复合结构。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
concentrate on， accuse ... of， so as to， ahead of time， depend on， eager for， inform ... of， be delighted at， approve of， in no case
1．Whether you can do the job well or not depends on your attitude towards it.
2.We are now all going out in order to finish the task ahead of time.
3．We are required to check the list carefully so as to avoid mistakes.
4．We want to be informed of his arrival time in order to arrange a hotel for him before he arrives.
5．In no case should we prevent students from exploring new ideas.
6．When the boy was accused of stealing the gold watch, his face turned red.
7.Her parents did not approve of her decision to go abroad for further study.
8．The fans have waited outside for two hours, eager for a glimpse of the singer.
9．The young mother was delighted at her child's first “mama”．
10.He concentrated on the work in hand, and didn't hear what his wife said at all.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)ahead of time意为“提前”，其同义词组还有ahead of schedule, in advance等。
(2)approve表示“批准，通过”时为及物动词，后常跟plan/request等搭配；表示“赞成，同意”时为不及物动词，需与介词of搭配使用。
(3)concentrate on意为“集中；专心于……”，其同义词组还有focus on等。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
so as to VS in order to
比较 ①In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.②The test questions are kept secret so as to/in order to prevent cheating.
辨清 (1)so as to常放在句末，不能放在句首。引导目的状语时，意为“为了；以便；目的是”；引导结果状语时，意为“以至于”。否定形式：so as not to。(2)in order to可置于句末或句首，引导目的状语，意为“为了；以便”，否定形式：in order not to。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中depend on的含义)
①The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potatoes. 取决于
②He depended on his writing for his income. 依靠，依赖
③He was the sort of honest person you could depend on. 信赖
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)否定词置于句首的部分倒装
[通其用]
用部分倒装补全句子
①Never will I forget the accident that happened in my own childhood, which left a deep impression on me.
我永远不会忘记童年时发生的那次事故，它给我留下了深刻的印象。
②Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
第二天早上我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到把地图忘在房间里了。
[解其困]
(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。
(2)常用否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有：little, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition, in/under no circumstances等。
(二)先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
[通其用]
翻译句子
①销售总监是一个交流能力和销售技巧同样重要的职位。
Sales director is a position where communication ability is as important as sales skills.
②在我的生活中，我已经到了一个我应该自己做决定的地步了。
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
③今天，我们将讨论一些家长与孩子沟通困难的案例。
Today, we'll discuss some cases where parents have much difficulty in communicating with their children.
[解其困]
(1)当先行词为抽象地点名词case, point, stage, occasion, position, situation, condition, activity, race, job, competition, atmosphere等，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。
(2)当以上抽象地点名词在其后的定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则需用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句，如This restaurant has an inviting and homelike atmosphere that/which many restaurants lack。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020浙江7月高考·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：
未来职业发展趋势，个人职业倾向、未来规划等
精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]Challenging① work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
[2] retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
[3]Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive (认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall health status.
[4]“This works just like physical exercise，” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you're in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”
[5]It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision making could be just as stimulating as any high level office work. And “running④ a family household requires high level planning and coordinating (协调)，” she says.“You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”
[6]Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.,
［析微点·厚积语言基础］
①构词法——challenging
词源：challenge v．& n．挑战
challenging adj.有挑战性的
通句式——句子(1)中主句的主语是Researchers，谓语动词是gathered，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词retired workers。
②微点拨——第四段通过作比较的写作手法来进一步解释其研究发现。
③微点拨——第五段通过举例子的写作手法来指出其他高难度的工作也可以刺激大脑，锻炼脑力。
④微积累——熟词生义：run
v．跑步 (熟义)
v．经营 (生义)
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
28．Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests
A．To assess their health status.
B．To evaluate their work habits.
C．To analyze their personality.
D．To measure their mental ability.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“assessed the volunteers' memory and thinking skills”可知，科学家对这些志愿者的测试主要是来研究和评估他们的记忆力和思考能力，故选D项。
29．How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4
A．By using an expert's words.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By referring to another study.
D．By introducing a concept.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“This works just like physical exercise”可知，Francisca Then 把它与体育锻炼相比较，故采用的方法是“对比法”，故选B项。
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B．Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C．Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D．Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Challenging work ...might help your brain stay sharp as you age”可知，本文主要说明了有挑战性的工作能更好地让你保持头脑敏锐，故选C项。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第30题主要考查学生的概括性思维。文章通过一系列的测试和结果分析，主要告诉我们在脑力上不断挑战自己，可以使一个人变老时大脑反应仍然很敏锐。故其主题为：有挑战性的工作能够帮助你保持头脑敏锐。快速浏览可知文章是“总—分—总”的结构，故首段或尾段内容可以有效概括文章主题，进而确定文章最佳标题。一些考生如果缺乏概括性思维，就会错选。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项测试研究发现，有挑战性的工作能够让人更好地保持头脑敏锐。本主题充分体现出英语教学中渗透中学生未来职业发展趋势以及个人职业倾向、未来规划的相关信息，符合我国教育部门对学生开展职业规划教育的要求。随着社会的迅速发展，提早对中学生进行职业生涯规划、培养职业规划的理念和能力尤为重要。
借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is little assessment (assess) of the damage to the natural environment.
2．Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging (challenge)．
3．His health forced him into early retirement (retire)．
4．Readers may be stimulated (stimulate) by the ideas presented in the book.
5．Generally, women are so good at multitasking (multitask) that it appears it's all effortless.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．People tend to (倾向于) do what they are good at doing and what they like doing.
2．You can phone me at work (上班时) as long as you don't make it a habit.
3．The organizations will continue to do (继续做) what they can to help developing countries.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age，a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
[句式解构] 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是Challenging work，谓语是might help。其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Challenging work；as引导时间状语从句；published为过去分词作定语修饰a study。
[句意翻译] 周三发表在《神经学》杂志上的一项研究表明，挑战性的工作需要大量的分析思维、计划和其他管理技能，这可能会帮助你的大脑在你变老时保持敏锐。
2．Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
[句式解构] 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是Those，谓语是tended to do。其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Those。
[句意翻译] 那些在退休前做刺激脑力的、要求高的工作的人往往在测试中表现最好。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业，你从报纸上得知某公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请你给该公司写一封求职信，内容包括：
1．年龄；
2．学习情况及英语水平；
3．兴趣和特长；
4．性格特点。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a student studying in Xinxing Foreign Language School. I have learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.The ad really appeals to me, so I'm now writing to you to apply for the job.
I will graduate this coming July.As I major in English, I'm particularly good at spoken English, and can communicate very well.Besides, I can always get along well with others in a team.I am optimistic and open minded, always ready to help others.In my spare time, I like to involve myself in some outdoor activities.
I do hope that I can meet your requirements.I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
课下主题训练未来职业发展趋势，个人职业倾向、未来规划等
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①broadcast □ ②cover □
③reporter □ ④emergency □
⑤interview □ ⑥witness □
⑦public □ ⑧spread □
⑨brochure □ ⑩print □
subscribe □ monthly □
media □ condemn □
confirm □ conflict □
distinguish □ dismiss □
current □ creative □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
brochure， subscribe， spread， current， creative， public， media， print， cover， emergency
1. Hearing mom say, “I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper this morning，” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself.
2．Benefits of e Learning include using technology to provide students with current information.
3．The key to becoming a journalist is work experience, perseverance and creative thinking.
4．You should always remember that your primary job, first and foremost, is to show the news to the waiting public.
5．The brochure offers a wide choice of hotels, apartments and holiday homes in the city.
6．My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep up with advances in science.
7．The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.
8．The popularity of these messaging platforms is spreading globally.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Once broadcast (broadcast), the TV play will be very popular with young people.
2．The man was found guilty of armed robbery, and condemned (condemn) to eight years' imprisonment.
3．The daily number of newly cured and discharged(出院) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed (confirm) cases.
4．Conflicts (conflict) with others are common in everyday life, but we should settle them in a peaceful way.
5．In consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss (dismiss) you.
6．Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish (distinguish) between right and wrong.
7．In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the interviewer(s) (interview) right away.
8．The last 30 years has/have witnessed (witness) the rapid development of China.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
If you are interested in the news, it means you care about what is happening in your community and the world. But sometimes news can be upsetting. If you find out about sad news and it makes you feel worried or upset, what should you do Dr. Harold Koplewicz, president of the Child Mind Institute, has some suggestions.
Sometimes, the news you watch on TV is not completely accurate. The news on TV is fast paced. When bad news affects our nation, all of us need time to understand and process it. Your parents and your teachers can be your first sources to get information.
Even someone who is strong and powerful weeps when he's very sad. It's part of being a human that sad events make us feel sad. That doesn't mean that we need to fall apart. It means that we just have to admit that we're sad and move forward.
People respond in different ways when facing sad news. There are certain kids who are very private and don't want anyone to see how they feel. But if you feel worried, talk to your parents and teachers, which can help you feel more comfortable.
If you still feel very nervous, another way to feel better is to take part in activities that are helpful to others. Go with your parents to the children's welfare institutions, or think of ways that you or your class can help others.
On the other hand, remember to go to sleep at the right time, play with your friends or go to the movies. It is okay to feel sad, but it's not good to stop doing the things you usually do.
语篇解读：新闻对孩子会产生影响。对于孩子接触到了负面新闻而变得情绪低落、忧虑这一问题，本文给出了相关建议。
1. The passage is written for .
A．news reporters B．school kids
C．teachers D．parents
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中Dr. Harold Koplewicz的身份是 president of the Child Mind Institute以及第二段中的“Your parents and your teachers can be your first sources to get information.”可知，本文的阅读对象应该是学校的孩子。
2. What does the underlined phrase “fall apart” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Cheer up. B．Ask for help.
C．Stop being nervous. D．Have a mental breakdown.
解析：选D 词义推测题。根据第三段中的“It means that we just have to admit that we're sad and move forward.”并结合上下文语境可推断出，fall apart是指“精神崩溃”的意思。
3. What can be inferred from the passage
A．More sleep is helpful for sad people.
B．To admit we are sad will leave us nervous.
C．Don't let sadness disturb your normal life.
D．Children should not watch too much news.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“It is okay to feel sad, but it's not good to stop doing the things you usually do.”可知，即便是悲伤的时候，也不要打乱自己的生活规律。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I moved to a new city and took a job in marketing. I didn't really understand whether it 1 me. I enjoyed doing things that I felt had 2 — I could see their benefit and feel their impact. As the months passed, I felt it just wasn't for me. I needed to find a way out.
A job advertisement for a(n) 3 for a new youth magazine came at exactly the right time. I applied and was 4 . My role was to help teams of young people edit their 5 and help them with their work. I had thought the magazine would be a(n) 6 of games and dull reviews, so I was 7 when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare. 8 ， I found something I was interested in.
I felt a 9 in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and 10 the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices. 11 in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team's 12 ability. As our website 13 increased and the work shifted to reflect what our 14 wanted, I developed a greater 15 of what young people might want to read.
The biggest change the job brought, 16 ， was to my well being. It is rare that you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to 17 each day. I was thriving (充实) in this 18 environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to 19 their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy, 20 and inspired.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢做有目的性的事情，因此找了一份编辑工作，在这份工作中，作者得到了快乐和成长。
1. A．messed with B．applied to
C．relied on D．waited for
解析：选B 由下文的“I felt it just wasn't for me”可知，作者这时不明白这个销售工作是否适用于自己。
2．A．purpose B．convenience
C．restriction D．entertainment
解析：选A 由下文的“I had a purpose again”可知，作者做事喜欢有目的。故选A项。
3. A．reporter B．editor
C．lawyer D．typist
解析：选B 由下文的“My role was to help teams of young people edit”可知，此处招的是编辑。故选B项。
4. A．independent B．intelligent
C．successful D．ambitious
解析：选C 由下文可知，作者在这家杂志社从事编辑工作，所以作者申请工作成功了。故选C项。
5. A．courses B．references
C．software D．content
解析：选D 由上文语境可知，作者申请杂志编辑的工作，所以职责是帮助年轻人编辑他们的内容，并帮助他们完成工作。故选D项。
6．A．replacement B．mixture
C．sign D．symbol
解析：选B 由下文的“games and dull reviews”可知，作者本以为这本杂志是游戏和枯燥评论的混合体。故选B项。
7. A．amused B．embarrassed
C．touched D．surprised
解析：选D 由上文语境可知，作者本以为这本杂志是游戏和枯燥评论的混合体，但杂志的作者第一篇写的是关于社会福利的文章，所以作者会惊讶。故选D项。
8. A．Naturally B．Generally
C．Frequently D．Eventually
解析：选D 由全文语境可知，作者一开始找到了不适合自己的销售工作到最后申请去当编辑做自己喜欢的事，所以，最终找到了自己感兴趣的东西。故选D项。
9．A．guilt B．shock
C．change D．shame
解析：选C 由下文的“The biggest change the job brought”可知，此处指作者感到了一种变化。故选C项。
10. A．reading B．translating
C．spelling D．copying
解析：选A 由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，所以要阅读强烈而固执己见的话语。故选A项。
11. A．Trapped B．Hidden
C．Drowned D．Interested
解析：选C 由下文语境可知，作者发现自己对团队的写作能力产生了影响，说明作者投入了年轻人的世界，认真地阅读他们强烈而固执己见的话语。故选C项。
12. A．gaming B．marketing
C．writing D．communicating
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
13. A．hits B．pages
C．profits D．advertisements
解析：选A 由上文的website可知，此处指网站点击率。故选A项。
14. A．team B．sponsors
C．colleagues D．audience
解析：选D 由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，他的工作对象应该是读者。故选D项。
15. A．distinction B．understanding
C．expectation D．recording
解析：选B 由上文语境可知，作者的工作反映他们的读者想要什么，说明作者对年轻人可能想要阅读什么有了更深入的了解。故选B项。
16. A．though B．instead
C．otherwise D．therefore
解析：选A 由语境可知，此处指“不过”，应用though。故选A项。
17. A．go into B．leave behind
C．refer to D．set aside
解析：选A 由上文的“a job you love”可知，此处指喜欢且每天都乐于从事的工作。故选A项。
18. A．troublesome B．creative
C．tough D．conservative
解析：选B 由上下文语境可知，作者为年轻人工作，写作能力得到了提升，被他们激励/赋予灵感，说明这是一个具有创造力的环境。故选B项。
19. A．start B．rescue
C．discipline D．further
解析：选D 由上文的“My role was to help teams of young people edit their and help them with their work”可知，作者帮助年轻人进一步发展事业。故选D项。
20. A．lucky B．popular
C．energetic D．honest
解析：选C 由happy和inspired可知，此处energetic最符合语境。故选C项。
PAGE
24(共67张PPT)
①说明写信目的及要推荐的对象
推
荐卜②主体部分:阐述推荐理由或推荐的对象的特征
③期待自己的推荐能让对方满意,期盼再次联系
把握主题
Para.1:介绍事件的概况
Pas27:讲述事件的经过Pas.89:讲述事件的结果本文是篇记叙文。文中
讲述了垒球队中的女队员
时间: a cold March day
Paris fell to the ground-suffered a sudden heart The team saved
Pars在打球过程中突发心
+ A: High Point, north Carolina failure- Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPr Paris'life
力衰竭,队友 Taylor对她进
人物: The girls on the Wesleyan -One girl called911 Two more ran to get the Experts say CPR行了紧急心肺复苏, Paris
Academy softball team
school nurse>pariss heartbeat returned
Is important
最后平安脱险的故事Unit 5 First aid
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．bleed vi.&vt. 流血
2．ankle n. 踝(关节)
3．choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息
4．cupboard n. 橱柜；衣柜
5．essential adj. 最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的
6．ray n. 光线；射线
7．liquid n. 液体
8．radiation n. 辐射；射线
9．stove n. 炉子；火炉
10．tissue n. (生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸
11．scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀
12．basin n. 盆；盆地
13．bandage n. 绷带
14．symptom n. 症状；征兆
15．wrist n. 手腕
16．sleeve n. 袖子
17．blouse n. 女衬衫
18．throat n. 咽喉；喉咙
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助；资助
2．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的
3．organ n. 器官
4．barrier n. 屏障；障碍(物)
5．complex adj. 复杂的
6．unbearable adj. 难以忍受的；不能容忍的
7．squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；挤；压榨
8．vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的
9．pour vt.& vi. 倒；灌；注；涌
10．damp adj. 潮湿的
11．firm adj. (动作)稳定有力的；坚定的
12．ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节
13．ambulance n. 救护车
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1. press v．压；按；逼迫→pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)
2．injure vt.受伤→injury n．损伤；伤害→injured adj.受伤的
3．poison n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的
4．vary v．变化→variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various adj.各种各样的
5．mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地
6．swell vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen adj.肿胀的
7．tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地
8．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请(书)
9．brave adj.勇敢的→bravery n．勇敢；勇气→bravely adv.勇敢地
10．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇
[语境活用]
1．The burning plastic gives off poisonous (poison) gas, which is harmful to our health.
2．He said mildly (mild) to me that he didn't mean to upset me.
3．He got injured during the football match and the injury was serious. (injure)
4．She is now under treatment in hospital after treating herself to a big meal. (treat)
5．We like to live a life full of variety and our tastes are various. (vary)
6．The applicants who want to apply for the position should hand in their applications. (apply)
7．The people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster. Their bravery deserved to be praised. (brave)
8．Don't press me any longer. These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure on me. (press)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1. aid n．&vt.帮助；援助；资助
背词条用法 (1)give sb. first aid 对某人进行急救come/go to one's aid 来/去帮助某人with the aid of ... 在……的帮助下；借助于……(2)aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事aid sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事aid sb. in/with ... 在……方面帮助某人
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Without the aid of my English teacher, I wouldn't have passed the exam.要是没有英语老师的帮助，我将不会通过这次考试。②(2020·浙江高考写作)She believes the story might have had a different ending if the rescue team had not come to her aid.她相信如果救援队没有来帮助她，故事可能会有不同的结局。
2. vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
背词条用法 be vital for/to ... 对……极为重要It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要It is vital that ... (should) do sth. ……做某事是十分重要的
背写作佳句 ①(2019·天津高考)Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.了解历史对于理解我们作为一个民族和一个国家是至关重要的。 ②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It's vital that we (should) learn from failure.重要的是我们应从失败中吸取教训。③It is vital to make children realize the importance of reading.让孩子们意识到阅读的重要性是至关重要的。
3. treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待
背词条用法 (1)treat sb. as/like ... 把某人当……看待treat sb./oneself to ... 用……款待某人/自己treat sb. (for sth.) (with ...) (用……)治疗某人(的……疾病)(2)It's my treat. 我请客。
背写作佳句 ①Drunk driving should be treated as a crime regardless of whether the driver causes a crash.不管司机是否导致车祸，酒驾都应被视为犯罪。②(2018·浙江高考写作)It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.那是一个夏天，我爸爸想款待我一个前所未有的假期。
4. apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；适用于；有效
背词条用法 apply ... to ... 把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上apply for 申请；请求；要求apply oneself to ... 致力于……；集中精力于……apply to ... 适用于……；适合……apply to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人申请
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Our English teacher always applies herself to teaching, who sets a good example to us.我们的英语老师总是专心于教学，她给我们树立了一个好榜样。②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month, I am writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer.得知下个月美术馆将举办一个中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者的机会。③(2020·江苏高考)Sometimes it's hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country's past.有时候很难放手。对许多英国人来说，这适用于代表他们国家过去的机构和物品。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．fall ill 生病
2．make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
3．be proud of 以……而自豪
4．squeeze out 榨出；挤出
5．over and over again 反复；多次
6．in place 在适当的位置；适当
7．put one's hands on 找到
8．a number of 若干；许多
9．cut off 切掉；砍掉；阻断
10．take off 起飞；流行；脱下；(事业)腾飞
11．act as 充当；作为
重点短语拓展用活
1. in place在适当的位置；适当
背相关短语 (1)out of place 不在适当位置；不合适in place of ... 代替；取代in the first place 首先；第一(2)take place 发生；举行take the place of ... 代替……；取代……take one's place 代替某人；就位；入座
背写作佳句 ①(2020·浙江1月高考写作)The contest will take place in the school hall from 9：00 to 12：00 on January 18th.比赛将于1月18日9：00至12：00在学校礼堂举行。②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In the first place, with a good command of English, I'm quite qualified for the job.首先，由于精通英语，我完全能胜任这项工作。③Great changes have taken place in China during the past four decades.在过去的40年里，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
2．make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
背相关短语 (1)make a difference to ... 对……有作用/有影响make some/no/little difference (to ...) (对……)有些/没作用或影响(2)tell the difference (between ... and ...) 辨别/区分(……与……)
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I hope I can make a difference in the lives of other people, just like my teacher does. 我希望我能像我的老师做的那样，能够影响别人的生活。②It is universally acknowledged that a small act of kindness can indeed make a great difference.普遍认为，一个小小的善举确实能起重要作用。③She cannot tell the difference between true praise and flattering statements made only to gain her favor.她不能辨别真正的赞扬和那些只是为了取得她好感的奉承言语的区别。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.(be doing ... when ...)
约翰正在房间里学习，突然他听到尖叫声。
佳句① I was reading when I heard someone call my name.我正在读书，这时听到有人叫我的名字。
佳句② I was about to leave when it began to rain heavily.我正要离开，突然下起了大雨。
2. There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. (There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”)
毫无疑问，约翰的快速思维和他在学校学到的急救技能救了斯莱德女士的命。
佳句① (2020·浙江高考写作)There is no doubt that you will gain a better understanding of Chinese splendid traditional culture by joining in the contest.毫无疑问，通过参加这次比赛，你将更好地了解中国灿烂的传统文化。
佳句② There is no doubt that more and more people in the world are interested in Chinese culture.毫无疑问，世界上越来越多的人对中国文化感兴趣。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1. If we learn some knowledge of first aid, it can make a real difference in time of accidents.
如果我们学习一些急救知识，事故发生时它能起重要作用。
2. If the injured one is bleeding badly, it is vital that we should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury.
如果伤者流血严重，我们应该尝试通过对伤口施压来止血，这是非常重要的。
3. If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.
如果有必要，尽快把伤者送到医院。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——推荐信(一)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的朋友Vincent发邮件告诉你他要和家人来中国旅行，希望你能给他推荐一些有特色的旅游景点。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．推荐的景点及原因； 2.良好的祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Vincent，
Learning from your last email that you'll pay a visit to China with your family, I'm more than delighted to recommend a list of tourist attractions to you in detail.
As the old saying goes, “One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” As one of the world wonders, the Great Wall is regarded as the symbol of China, which you can't afford to miss. Additionally, with a history of hundreds of years, the Summer Palace reflects typical ancient Chinese architectural art and wisdom. Visiting it by yourself is bound to greatly promote your understanding of the extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture.
I sincerely hope that my recommendation can be of some help to you. May you all have a good time during your stay in China! If there still exist further questions, please contact me without hesitation.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学谋篇布局
2．学亮丽开头
开头首先用Learning from your last email that表明了写信的背景，然后引出“推荐旅游景点”这一写信目的。表述自然流畅，用more than delighted更是体现推荐的心情之热烈。
3．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：a list of tourist attractions, the symbol of, with a history of, reflect, be bound to, promote, be of some help等。
(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：现在分词短语作状语Learning from your last email that you'll pay ...；非限制性定语从句As the old saying goes和which you can't afford to miss；动名词短语作主语Visiting it by yourself；条件状语从句If there still exist further questions等。
(3)恰当运用了谚语，如：One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true man.这为文章增添了亮点，提升了文章的档次。
4．学精彩结尾
结尾先用I sincerely hope that ...表达希望自己的推荐能使对方满意。接着用感叹句May you all have a good time ...！表达了祝愿。最后用一个条件状语从句表达了愿意帮助对方的心情。总之，尾段从字里行间，让对方能深刻感受到真挚与热情。
5．防微点失分
考生容易把“As one of the world wonders ...”中的wonders误用成wonder，或容易忽略主谓一致把“If there still exist further questions ...”中的exist错用成exists，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Cut the lemon in half and squeeze (榨；挤) the juice out into the bowl.
2．These men made themselves famous for their courage and bravery (勇敢)．
3．They have earned lots of money, so I firmly (坚定地) believe that the business is a success.
4．The heavy stress from the study was unbearable (难以忍受的), but Li Lin decided not to give up.
5．Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier (障碍) to success.
6．As everybody knows, cancer doesn't show any symptoms (症状) in its early stages.
7．The doctor said that my eyes would be a little swollen (肿胀的), so I needed to rest at home for a few days.
8．The difficulty is temporary (暂时的)．Once it's overcome, the project will go smoothly.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.果皮
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.
倒 平底锅 炉子
3．You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. 轻微的；不严重的
4．(熟词生义)In addition, new coffee growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater. 污染；破坏
5．(熟词生义)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) 综合大楼
6. (熟词生义)By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.
(雨)倾盆而下；下大雨
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．My brother knows little English, which is one of the barriers (barrier) in looking for a job.
2．A terrible accident must have happened there, for two ambulances (ambulance) rushed to the spot just now.
3．“I think you've made a mistake，” he said mildly (mild)．
4.Some mushrooms are good to eat; some are poisonous (poison)．
5. If the cut is not serious, press it firmly (firm) and soon it will stop bleeding (bleed)．
6. Despite the variety (various) of injuries, several principles of first aid can apply to all emergencies.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)bleed为动词，其过去式和过去分词皆为bled；blood为名词“血液”。
(2) variety为名词，vary为动词，various为形容词。“各种各样的”可用a variety of, varieties of, various, all kinds/sorts of等来表达。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．aid
[明其义]
n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother to clean (clean) the table, even the furniture.
②The moment he saw the poor little boy on TV, he determined to aid him in continuing his study.
③With the aid of my classmates, I have made great progress this term.
(2)句式升级
④Whenever I was in trouble, she would help me.
→Whenever I was in trouble, she would come to my aid.
2．vital
[明其义]
adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
[通其用]
单句语法填空/补全句子
①What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey (obey) traffic rulers.
②As everyone can see, education is vital to/for the country's future.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Besides, it's vital that you should mind your table manners.
此外，重要的是你要注意餐桌礼仪。
3．treat
[明其义]
vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①After years of regular treatment (treat), she finally became healthy.
②Men and women must be treated (treat) equally in education and employment.
③Police say they're treating it as a case of attempted murder.
④I'll treat you to lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.
(2)句式升级
⑤If the patient was treated in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.
→If treated in a proper way, the patient was likely to be saved. (省略句)
→Treated in a proper way, the patient was likely to be saved. (分词作状语)
[解其困]
(1)用作动词时，treat通常强调过程，指对病人进行“诊断和治疗”，不一定治好。cure通常强调结果，指“治愈(病人或疾病)”，常用于cure sb. of ...。
(2)“把……当……看待”的表达形式有：treat ... as ..., regard ... as ..., think of ... as ...等。
4．apply
[明其义]
vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；适用于；有效
[通其用]
(1)写出下列各句中apply的含义
①His project is concerned with applying the technology to practical business problems.
应用；运用
②Find out ahead of time what regulations apply to your situation. 适用于
③She graduated with high enough marks to apply for university. 申请
④Apply some sunscreen to your face and neck before you go out in summer. 涂；敷
(2)单句语法填空
⑤We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
⑥Over the years, he has applied himself to improving (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers.
⑦I'd appreciate it if you could take my application (apply) into account at your earliest convenience.
⑧Now that you have a good command of English, you can apply to the company for the job.
(3)句式升级
⑨If you apply yourself to your study, you will pass your exam.
→Apply yourself to your study and you will pass your exam. (祈使句)
→Applying yourself to your study, you will pass your exam. (现在分词短语作状语)
[解其困]
apply意为“申请”时，需注意与介词to和for搭配的区别，apply to ... for ...“向……申请……”。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
make a difference， be vital to， in place， fall ill， apply for， over and over again， put one's hands on， squeeze out
1. Mr Smith fell ill suddenly yesterday. As a result, we are looking for someone that can take charge of the project.
2.I left my key in the office yesterday, but I can't put my hands on it at the moment.
3．The lemon looks dry to me, but you may be able to squeeze out a few drops if you try.
4．Whether he can get the support from his parents or not will make a difference to his plan.
5．He loved this song so much that he played it over and over again.
6．With everything in place, the kitchen becomes an enjoyable place to work in.
7．I should apply for the post if I were you; I think you stand a good chance.
8.Water is vital to keeping every living thing alive, without which the world would be a dead place.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)put one's hands on “找到”，注意用复数hands。
(2)be vital to ...中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
fall ill VS be ill
比较 ①The teacher fell ill suddenly while she was giving class.②Since then she has been ill for half a year.
辨清 (1)fall ill强调突然病倒，短暂性动词短语，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。(2)be ill表示生病的状态，延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
[句式的验收盘点]
be doing ... when ...
[通其用]
补全句子
①Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
②I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.
我刚做完试卷，这时铃就响了。
③I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。
[解其困]
(1)be doing ... when ...“正在做……这时(突然)……”had (just) done ... when ...“刚完成……这时(突然)……”
be about to do ... when ...“正要做……这时(突然)……”
(2)when 为并列连词，表示“这时，突然”，相当于and then/and at that time。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2017北京高考·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping① their feet to stay warm. her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
[2]Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
[3]It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”
[4]CPR is a life saving② technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.
[5]Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.③ “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.
[6]Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.
[7]“I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”
[8]Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival④ is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
[9]Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”,
［析微点·厚积语言基础］
①微积累——熟词生义：stamp
n．邮票，印章，印记 (熟义)
v．跺(脚) (生义)
通句式——句子(1)中as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
②构词法——n.＋v. ing→adj.
life saving 救命的
English speaking 说英语的
peace loving 爱好和平的
heart breaking 令人伤心的
nice looking 漂亮的
③微点拨——此处表明了Taylor在遇到紧急情况时的勇敢表现。这也为下文Paris平安脱险埋下伏笔。
④构词法——动词转化为名词
survive→去e＋ al→survival n．幸存；生还
arrive→去e＋ al→arrival n．到达
revive→去e＋ al→revival n．复兴；复活
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
56．What happened to Paris on a March day
A．She caught a bad cold.
B．She had a sudden heart problem.
C．She was knocked down by a ball.
D．She shivered terribly during practice.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知，Paris突发心力衰竭。
57．Why does Paris say she was lucky
A．She made a worthy friend.
B．She recovered from shock.
C．She received immediate CPR.
D．She came back on the softball team.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.”以及第六段在队友和学校护士的帮助下Paris的心跳恢复了(Paris's heartbeat returned)以及倒数第二段中的“For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.”可知，Paris得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。
58．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and calm.
C．Cooperative and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. ‘It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，’ says Taylor.”和第六段中的“Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.”可知，Taylor是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第58题主要考查学生的逻辑性思维。Taylor在该事件中的反应为：“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. ‘It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，’ says Taylor.”和 “Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.”。由逻辑关系可以推出Taylor是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Paris在打球过程中突发心力衰竭，队友Taylor对她进行了紧急心肺复苏，使她平安脱险的故事。本文旨在引导学生如何在危险面前采取安全措施进行自我保护或对他人进行急救。近年来，全球范围内不断发生的灾害在全世界各国引发了不少思考，这使得“尽可能预防意外灾害，最大程度地减少不利后果”的理念越来越得到世界各国的重视和支持。向全民普及卫生救护知识和技能来保护国民的生命和健康，更是受到了我国的高度重视。让学生了解急救知识，掌握一定的急救技能也变得越来越有必要。因此国家倡导让安全急救知识走进课堂、走进社会，让安全急救成为国民教育的必修课。
借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This door should only be used in an emergency (emergent)．
2．The success or failure (fail) of the plan depends on you.
3．Suddenly (sudden) he found himself awake and fully alert.
4．His only chance of survival (survive) was a heart transplant.
5．I tried to stamp/stamping (stamp) my feet to keep warm.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．If you asked me what's my favorite book, I would say Harry Potter without hesitation (毫不犹豫地)．
2．All the people present were in shock (处于惊慌中) at the sight of the scene.
3．She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down (平静下来) and sleep.
4．The teacher want the children to feel confident (感到自信) about asking questions when they don't understand.
5．When the mother got the terrible news, the mother was so sad that she fell to the ground (倒在地上), unconscious.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs.
[句式解构] 本句是一个含有状语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是you，谓语动词是press。句中不定式短语To do CPR作目的状语；so that引导目的状语从句。
[句意翻译] 为了做心肺复苏术，你要按压病人的胸部，以便于血液在体内流动，并将氧气带到器官。
2．Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work.
[句式解构] 本句是一个含有两个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是Two more，谓语动词是ran。其中who在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the school nurse；an electronic device在句中作同位语，解释说明a defibrillator；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词an electronic device。
[句意翻译] 还有两个人跑去叫学校的护士，护士带来了一个除颤器，一个可以电击心脏使其恢复跳动的电动装置。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
请根据以下提示，以“First Aid for Seizures”为题写一篇短文，简要介绍一下对心脏病等突发疾病(seizure)病人应该采取什么样的急救措施。
急救过程中的注意事项：
1．把附近的危险物体移开以避免病人受到伤害；
2．在病人没有完全恢复之前不要给他任何吃的或喝的东西；
3．如果病情发作持续5分钟以上，打电话叫救护车。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
First Aid for Seizures
In our daily life, we sometimes come across a number of cases where people suffer from heart attacks or fall ill suddenly. So there is no doubt that we should know some knowledge of first aid. The following are some tips we can follow to help these people on urgent occasions.
Firstly, remove dangerous objects from nearby to protect the person from injury. Secondly, don't give the person anything to eat or drink until he is fully recovered. Last but not least, if the seizure continues for more than five minutes, call an ambulance immediately.I really hope the tips above will make a difference to you.
课下主题训练自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①injure □ ②operation □
③unconscious □ ④dizzy □
⑤painful □ ⑥rescue □
⑦abnormal □ ⑧allergic □
⑨depression □ ⑩infect □
relieve □ calm □
tablet □ pill □
capsule □ clinic □
breathe □ medicine □
admit □ lie □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有一词多余)
calm， unconscious， pill， allergic， lie， admit， rescue， clinic， relieve， abnormal
1．In time of danger, you must keep calm.
2．She was allergic to that food, which is why she felt dizzy.
3．Seeing the little girl lying on the ground, unconscious, we called 120 immediately.
4．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
5．I met Connie the day she was admitted to the hospital, where I worked as a volunteer.
6．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
7．She came back with a bottle of pills after paying a visit to the drugstore.
8．The clinic opened for business last October and since then it has treated more than 200 people.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A fit of dizziness (dizzy) came over her so she had to lie down.
2．It's reported that a great number of people were rescued (rescue) from under the ruins yesterday.
3．The robber knocked him unconscious (conscious), and when he came to himself, he was lying alone in the dark.
4．The number of people infected (infect) with HIV may reach 50 million by 2022 unless effective measures are taken to prevent the spread of the disease.
5．British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his colleagues performed more than 11,000 operations (operate), mostly on soldiers suffering from facial wounds from gunshots.
6．First aid treatment consists of pressure on the wound and mouth to mouth breathing (breathe) that can last for several hours.
7．The injured (injure) were taken good care of when he came there.
8．To tell you the truth, my neck has been so painful (pain) that it's given me a heavy headache.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The Boy Made It!
One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn't have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn't, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn't lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls' survival show Man vs Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个小男孩Nicholas在暴风雪中迷路，但他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。
1. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon
A．He broke his skis. B．He got lost.
C．He hurt his eyes. D．He caught a cold.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone！”可知，Nicholas在暴风雨中迷路了。故B项正确。
2. How did Nicholas keep himself warm
A．He found a shelter.
B．He lighted some branches.
C．He kept on skiing.
D．He built a snow cave.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nicholas built a snow cave.”以及“to stay as warm as he could”可知，Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。故D项正确。
3. On Tuesday, Nicholas .
A．returned to his shelter safely
B．was saved by a searcher
C．got stuck in the snow
D．stayed where he was
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.”可知，星期二的时候，Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了。故B项正确。
4．Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .
A．watched Grylls' TV program regularly
B．did the right things in the dangerous situation
C．created some tips for survival
D．was very hard working
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive”可知，Grylls比其他任何人都懂得Nicholas逃生的艰难，他在非常危险的情况下做了最正确的事情，所以他对这个男孩留下了深刻的印象。故B项正确。
B
The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctor's office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it's high time for the model of short, sharp one to one appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs)．
SMAs are doctor patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling(咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In contrast to one to one visits, SMAs provide a longer appointment time frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.
However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMAs approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, “The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the expectation is.”
“So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy in from a few champion physicians, develop the work flow and develop some experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMAs (共享医疗预约) 模式，以及这种模式面临的挑战。
5. What is the purpose of the SMAs approach
A．To improve medical service.
B．To promote doctors' reputation.
C．To conduct medical research.
D．To meet patients' expectation.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In contrast to ... support from peers.”可知，SMAs模式为患者提供了更长的预约时间，也为患者提供了更好地与医生接触的机会，同时还能从同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。这说明SMAs的出现是为患者提供更好的医疗服务。故选A。
6．According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMAs approach from being widely adopted
A．Personal service. B．Fixed ideas.
C．Lack of equipment. D．Shared goals.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Dr. Sumego, director of ... those fixed ideas.”可知，Dr. Sumego认为，文化转变是最大的挑战。医生和护士接受的是针对个人服务和隐私的培训；SMAs方法是对这些固有想法的根本挑战。也就是说，改变这些固有想法是一种挑战，所以这些固有想法会阻碍SMAs模式的推广，故选B。
7. What can the underlined “buy in” in Paragraph 4 be replaced by
A．Support. B．Organization.
C．Purchase. D．Practice.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句可知，如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始他们的buy in，根据语境，故选A。
8. What can be learned about the SMAs approach in the last paragraph
A．It is currently being questioned.
B．It is impractical in some areas.
C．It will enjoy wide popularity soon.
D．It should be carried out step by step.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，如果一个组织要开始SMAs，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始，开发一些流程，积累一些经验。制定一些标准，以便随着概念的推广，他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到再下次。这说明SMAs的实施需要一步一步来，不会一步到位。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Have you ever been in a situation where first aid was required Did you know what to do Did you feel adequately equipped and confident enough to perform first aid procedures At the SOS Center, trained professions provide some one on one and group courses in first aid. 1 .
First Aid For Infants (婴儿)
This course is designed for first time parents who do not have a basic knowledge of first aid for infants and babies, 2 ， or if you want to avoid more life threatening problems and illnesses, you will get them from these topics.
First Aid for Children
Every parent knows the fear of releasing their small child out into the world, away from their watchful eye. 3 . This course teaches parents how to determine when an injury requires stitches (缝针), how to treat basic cuts, as well as how to treat sunburns and other wounds.
4
Our most popular course offers all kinds of approaches to applying first aid. In this two day course, you'll learn some basic skills, such as how to respond when a child or adult chokes, what to do if someone has a heart attack or stroke, how to react to snake bites and spider bites, and more. This course is highly recommended for learners of all ages.
5 . In addition, we are planning to open special courses in community centers around Beijing. For more information on SOS and our course selection or to register for a course, please visit www..
A．Basic Training Course in First Aid
B．Various First Aid Courses for Babies
C．When you want to ease your baby's discomforts
D．If you want to avoid the risk of your parents' injuries
E．Classes are offered on a regular basis at our main office
F．We offer a variety of courses designed to meet particular needs
G．As children grow more adventurous, the risk of injury increases as well
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在SOS中心，训练有素的专业人员提供一些一对一和集体急救课程。
1．选F 上文提示“在SOS中心，训练有素的专业人员提供一些一对一和集体急救课程”。F项承接上文，切题。故选F。
2．选C 根据空格下文，“或者，如果你想避免更多威胁生命的问题和疾病，你会从这些话题中得到它们”。C项承接下文，切题。故选C。
3．选G 下文提示“本课程教家长如何确定何时需要缝合伤口，如何治疗基本伤口，以及如何治疗晒伤和其他伤口”。G项承接下文，切题。故选G。
4．选A 此空是一个小标题，根据下文提示“我们最受欢迎的课程提供各种急救方法”可知，下文在讲述各种急救方法，所以A项切题。故选A。
5．选E 下文提示“此外，我们还计划在北京周边的社区中心开设特殊课程”。E项承接下文，切题。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Getting fit no longer 1 (require) a pencil and paper workout plan or a food diary. If you're looking for some new and 2 (create) ways to improve your health, try FitTime.
It's like your personal trainer. After 3 (get) all the information it needs — your height, weight, age, and exercise habits — it gives you a customized training course, 4 asks you to work out four times a week for about two 5 (month). The exercises focus 6 a different part of your body every day. For instance, on Monday, you do push ups(俯卧撑) to build up your arms, and on Tuesday, you build up 7 (strong) in your legs by doing deep knee bends. 8 exercise plan changes as time goes by.
The best part of this app is that everyone can share 9 (they) workout results and follow their training. It is a great way for you and your friends 10 (encourage) each other to build strong bodies.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一个帮助减肥的手机App。它就像你的私人教练，在得到你的所有基本信息后，会给出你的专属训练课程，而且每天都有不同的训练计划。
1．requires 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，而且讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填requires。
2．creative 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故填creative。
3．getting 考查非谓语动词。after是介词，后面要接动名词做宾语，故填getting。
4．which 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中做主语，故填which。
5．months 考查名词复数。month是可数名词，前面有two修饰，应该用可数名词的复数形式，故填months。
6．on 考查介词。focus on为固定搭配，表示“集中精力于……”，故填on。
7．strength 考查名词。此处应该用strong的名词形式作宾语，故填strength。
8．The 考查定冠词。此处表示特指，故填The。
9．their 考查代词。此处修饰workout results用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
10．to encourage 考查非谓语动词。此处为It is a way for sb. to do结构，应该用不定式作真正主语，故填to encourage。
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