(共79张PPT)
Benjamin west, the father of american painting, showed his talent for
e was only six ve
or age
know about brushes before a visito
e
one
ose
sh was
e
om camel s
ere
e
enam
ome
o
e iamI
cat to m
e a
把握主题
Paras.1-2介绍本杰明学习绘画的入门阶段□ Benjamin made a brush using fur from the family cat.
本文是一篇记叙文,
Pennington was impressed with benjamin s drawings
Paras.3-4本杰明开始展现非凡的绘画天赋
主要介绍了美国绘画
and gave him some painting materials
之父本杰明·韦斯特
Para. 5
本杰明受到启蒙,立志成为艺术家
Benjamin was inspired by Williams two books and then
小时候的艺术启蒙
decided to be an artistUnit 1 Women of achievement
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．welfare n． 福利；福利事业
2．project n. 项目；工程；规划
3．institute n. 学会；学院；协会
4．specialist n. 专家；专业工作者
5．nest n. 巢；窝
6．bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带
7．outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚
8．career n. 事业；生涯
9．rate n. 比率；速度
10．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
11．kindness n. 仁慈；好意
12．modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．campaign n. 运动；战役
vi. 作战；参加运动
2．shade n. 荫；阴凉处
vt. 遮住光线
3．worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的
4．childhood n. 童年；幼年时代
5．respect vt.& n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意
6．crowd n. 人群；观众
vt. 挤满；使拥挤
7．support n．& vt. 支持；拥护
8．audience n. 观众；听众；读者
9．generation n. 一代；一辈
10．deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．achieve vt.完成；达到→achievement n．成就；功绩
2．connect vt.连接→connection n．连接；关系
3．organize vt.组织→organization n．组织；机构；团体
4．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour n．行为；举止；习性
5．observe vt.观察；观测；庆祝；遵守→observation n．观察；观测
6．argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵
7．inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞
8．refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n．提及；涉及；参考；查阅
9．sick adj.生病的→sickness n．疾病；恶心
10．intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．打算；目的；意图
11．consider v．考虑；认为→considerate adj.考虑周到的→consideration n．考虑；体谅→considering prep.考虑到
[语境活用]
1．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement.(achieve)
2．The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others.(behave)
3．The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money.(intend)
4．Listening to his inspiring speech gave us not only hope but also inspiration.(inspire)
5．He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking is harmful to health.At last, he argued us out of smoking.(argue)
6．It is considerate of you to take her illness into consideration.(consider)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现
背词条用法 behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对某人表现好/差behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
背写作佳句 ①Behave yourself, do not make a fool of yourself. 守规矩点，别闹出笑话来。②They behaved badly towards the guests, which made us very disappointed. 他们对客人很不礼貌，这使我们非常失望。
2．observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝；注意到
背词条用法 observe sb.do sth. 观察/注意到某人做某事(全过程) observe sb.doing sth. 观察/注意到某人正在做某事observe that ... 观察/发现……
背写作佳句 ①The guard observed a young man stealing from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly. 门卫注意到一位年轻人正从办公室里偷东西，他试图悄悄地靠近他。②It was observed that successful people spent a lot more time reading than watching TV. 据观察，成功人士花在阅读上的时间比看电视的时间多很多。
3.respect vt.& n．尊敬；尊重；敬意；细节；方面；问候
背词条用法 (1)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬或敬重某人(2)have/show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊敬或敬重give/send one's respects to 代某人向……问候in respect of/with respect to 关于；就……而言out of respect for ... 出于对……的尊敬；顾及
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I show more respect for my aunt, who fought against the COVID 19 during the tough times of the epidemic. 我更尊敬我的姑妈，她在疫情的艰难时期与新冠肺炎抗争。②Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out of respect for farmers' labor. 中国的孩子在很小的时候就受到不能浪费每一粒粮食的教育，这是出于对农民劳动的尊重。
4．argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论；证明；主张；认为
背词条用法 argue for/against sth. 据理力争/反对某事argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人争论/辩论某事argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
背写作佳句 ①It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his opinion.关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，因为他不会改变自己的观点的。②They argued him into giving up the stupid idea. 他们说服他放弃了这个愚蠢的想法。
5．support n．&vt.支持；拥护；赡养；养活
背词条用法 (1)in support of sb./sth. 支持或拥护某人/某事with one's support 在某人的支持下come to one's support 来支持某人(2)support/feed a family 赡养家庭support oneself 自力更生
背写作佳句 ①All the people were in support of the activity, which made him very delighted. 所有的人都支持这项活动，这使他非常高兴。②When he was about to give up the struggle，his companions came to his support. 正当他要放弃斗争之际，他的同伴们来支持他了。
6. intend vt.计划；打算
背词条用法 (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth.本来打算做某事(但实际未做) (2)be intended for/to do ... 打算为……所用；专门给……(3)with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算……
背写作佳句 ①I'm writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I intend to join/joining a Dragon Boat Training Camp. 我写信告诉你我暑假令人兴奋的计划。我打算参加龙舟训练营。②He left England with the intention of travelling in Africa.他离开英格兰，打算去非洲旅行。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．move off 离开；起程；出发
2．lead/live a ...life 过着……的生活
3．crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
4．look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
5．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；提及
6．by chance 碰巧；凑巧
7．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见
8．carry on 继续；坚持
9．devote ...to ... 献身于……；专心于……
10．work out 解决；锻炼身体；结果是
重点短语拓展用活
1．look down upon/on蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
背相关短语 look up to 尊敬；仰视look into 调查；观察；窥视look up 抬头看；查阅look on/upon ...as 把……看作……look back 回顾；回头看
背写作佳句 Nowadays, he is looked on/upon as a hero and looked up to by his fans; when looking back, he never forgets those days when he was looked down upon because he was good for nothing. His determination and efforts have helped him make it. 现在他被看作是一名英雄，被粉丝们崇拜；回顾过去，他永远忘不了自己不务正业而被人看不起的日子。他的毅力和努力帮助他成功了。
2．refer to提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把……称作……
背相关短语 (1)refer to ...as ... 把……称作……refer ...to ... 把……提交给……(2)in/with reference to 关于
背写作佳句 ①The headmaster spoke at the sports meeting for nearly an hour without referring to his notes.校长在运动会上讲话，讲了接近一个小时都没有看稿件。②People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”． 在办公室工作的人通常被称作“白领”。
3．carry on继续；坚持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)
背相关短语 carry on 继续做某事(相当于go on with) carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等) carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等) carry through 帮……渡过(难关等)；维持；完成
背写作佳句 ①If you carry on working like that, you will break down sooner or later. 如果你继续那样工作，你迟早会累垮的。②First of all, the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step. 首先，最重要的事情就是设定一个目标，制订出一个计划并一步一步地执行你的计划。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.(once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”)
我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。
佳句① Once he made up his mind to do something, nothing can stop him. 一旦他下定决心做某件事，就没有什么能够阻止他。
佳句② Paper cutting is easy to learn once you master the methods. 一旦你掌握了这些方法，剪纸就不难学了。
2．Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.(“It hits/hit sb.＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”)
突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
佳句① It hit me that teaching in the countryside was a meaningful job. 我突然意识到在乡下教书是非常有意义的工作。
佳句② Suddenly it hit me that I should have walked him to the station in case he lost his way. 我突然想起我本应该把他送到车站，以防他迷路。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．She was quite optimistic and energetic, which brought me a lot of happiness and courage. I learned something precious from .
她非常乐观且有活力，这给我带来了许多快乐和勇气。我从她身上学到了一些宝贵的东西——要对生活有信心。
2．Setting up several organizations and launching a campaign to protect animals have made her famous all over the world.
她成立了一些组织，并发起一项保护动物的运动，使她世界闻名。
3．She holds the belief that how important it is to stand on your own two feet and be responsible for your own acts.
她相信脚踏实地和对自己行为负责的重要性。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——感谢信(二)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，今年春节去新西兰度假一周。你的朋友Luke招待了你。请给他写一封信，表示感谢，内容包括：
1．你玩得很开心；
2．谢谢他的招待；
3．邀请他来中国旅游。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Luke,
I'm writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you for your kind help and tender care during my stay in New Zealand, without which I couldn't have enjoyed myself so much.
During the week, the comfortable accommodation, delicious meals and your friendly family members all made me feel warm, leaving me everlasting memories. Furthermore, guided by you I was honored to have the chance to visit places of interest and be exposed to a unique culture as well as beautiful scenery. It was your generous help that enabled me to have a better understanding of your country.
Thanks again for your kind help and I'm sincerely looking forward to showing you around in China in the near future. All the best wishes to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：convey one's heartfelt gratitude to, everlasting, furthermore, be honored to, be exposed to, show sb. around等。
(2)准确运用复杂句式结构，如：非限制性定语从句without which I couldn't have enjoyed myself so much；现在分词短语作状语leaving me everlasting memories；过去分词短语作状语guided by you；强调句型It was your generous help that enabled ...等。这些高级表达为文章增色不少，也彰显了考生扎实的语言功底。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾先用Thanks again for ...再次表示感谢，体现了感情的真挚，然后用I'm sincerely looking forward to showing ...诚恳地邀请朋友来中国旅游。最后表达了祝愿。
3．防微点失分
考生容易在“During the week, the comfortable accommodation, ...all made me feel warm ...”中的feel前加上动词不定式符号to，或把“Furthermore, guided by you I was honored ...be exposed to a unique culture as well as beautiful scenery.”中的a误用成an，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In his childhood (童年), Li Ming lived a happy life though his family wasn't rich.
2．It was very considerate of you to deliver (递送) milk to our door every morning.
3．The old story has been passed along to us by one generation (一代) after another.
4．He impressed them as a modest (谦虚的) and good tempered workmate.
5．A small crowd (人群) had gathered outside the church.
6．It's believed that these projects (项目) will be of great benefit to the younger generation.
7．Tom, the top student of our class, thinks studying is a very worthwhile (值得做的) job.
8．The performance of the Chinese women's volleyball team at the Olympic Games inspires (鼓舞) those who want to be a volleyball player.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．As an educational specialist, his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country. 专家
2．These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and welfare of immigrants.福利
3．Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.
突发事件；紧急情况
4．Although his work has had a big influence on the art world，Schult remains modest about his creations. 谦虚的；谦让的
5．Today the police have launched a campaign to reduce road accidents. 运动
6．(熟词生义)The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
主张
7．(熟词生义)With the development of the society, internet voting has become more and more popular, gradually affecting people's life in all respects. 方面
8．(熟词生义)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. 激发
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.He managed to confirm that it was worthwhile to start/starting (start) a campaign to protect our environment.
2．I deeply appreciate your kindness (kind) in coming so far to meet me.
3．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of entertainment (entertain)．
4.The teacher inspires his students to give (give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.
5．There is little connection (connect) between the two boys even though they look much alike.
6．The voluntary group is supported by quite a few public organizations (organize) in the country.
7．He was left behind because of his sickness (sick) when his classmates went camping.
8.On the National Day, the streets were crowded (crowd) with a large number of people.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．总统受到邀请在开幕式上作演讲。(deliver)
The president was invited to deliver a speech at the opening ceremony.
2．我有点累了，咱们坐在阴凉处乘乘凉吧。(shade)
I am a little tired, and let's sit in the shade and keep cool.
3．同样重要的是要将儿童的年龄考虑在内。 (consideration)
It is also important to take into the ages of children consideration.
4．你很明智，把钱花在有价值的事业上。(worthwhile)
It is wise of you to spend the money on a worthwhile career.
5．在过去的几年里，中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大成就。(achievement)
In the last few years, China has made great achievements in science and technology.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.“做某事是值得的”，但不能说：sth.is worthwhile doing/to do。
(2)inspire sb.to do sth.“激励某人做某事”。
(3)crowded是形容词，意为“拥挤的”，be crowded with“挤满”。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．behave
[明其义]
vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①The shop assistants behave very well towards/to customers.
②Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened. In general, I was quite pleased with his behaviour.(behave)
③Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves (them)．
(2)补全句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As far as I'm concerned, you should mind your behaviour during the meal.
在我看来，用餐时，你应该注意你的行为举止。
2．observe
[明其义]
vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝；注意到
[通其用]
(1)写出下列各句中observe的含义
①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.
遵守
②It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival. 庆祝
③(2019·天津高考)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways. 观察
④The thief was observed to open the window and run away. 注意到
(2)补全句子
⑤When we attend the parade to observe National Day, we must observe the traffic regulations. If we observe someone run a red light, we should stop him.
当我们参加庆祝国庆节游行的时候必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。
[解其困]
observe后跟不带to的不定式或v. ing作宾语补足语，即observe sb. do/doing sth.，但在被动语态中必须带to，即sb./sth. be observed to do sth.。
3．respect
[明其义]
vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意；问候；细节；方面
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In China, we attach great importance to respecting (respect) the elderly.
②The moment you meet your parents, please give my respects (respect) to them.
③In the past, everyone passed by the Confucian Temple on foot, showing respect for Confucius.
(2)词汇转换/句式升级
④We respect our English teacher. Her modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us.
→We show respect for our English teacher whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us. (转换加黑词；升级为定语从句)
[解其困]
(1)respect表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数名词；
(2)respect表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；
(3)respect表示“敬意；问候”时，多用复数形式。
4．argue
[明其义]
vt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论；证明；主张；认为
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①As far as I know, they argue for the right to vote.
②As our family income decreased, father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
③After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue)．
(2)一句多译
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳的。
④We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain.(argue)
⑤We tried many ways to persuade him to follow/into following our advice, but in vain.(persuade)
⑥We tried many ways to talk him into following our advice, but in vain.(talk)
[解其困]
“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：
①persuade sb.to do sth. ②persuade sb.into doing sth.
③convince sb.to do sth. ④talk sb.into doing sth.
5．support
[明其义]
n．&vt.支持；拥护；赡养；养活
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空/同义词替换
①A true friend is someone who accepts your past, supports(support) your present and encourages your future.
②Only a few people were in support of his plan, which made him very disappointed.
③Feeding such a large family is really a heavy load for her.Supporting
(2)补全句子
④(2019·天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.
汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。
6．intend
[明其义]
vt.计划；打算
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①To improve our English level and get more students interested in English，I intend to organize/organizing (organize)some activities at school.
②The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children.
③This program was set up with an intention (intend) of providing help to homeless people.
(2)一句多译
这所大学以其面向国际学生的语言和文化课程而闻名。
④The university is known for its language and culture courses which are intended for international students.(定语从句)
⑤The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.(分词作定语)
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
crowd in， by chance， refer to， devote to， carry on， move off， look down upon， come across
1．I hate it when she calls me at work — I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
2.By chance he found the very book he was always looking for.
3．As soon as the supermarket opened its door, people crowded in it and struggled for their purchases.
4．Last month I came across my old school friend on the flight to Beijing.
5．You can refer to this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.
6．Don't look down upon any people around you since each of them is equal and important in this world.
7.Everything has been well prepared for the scientific research and the team is about to move off.
8．Devoted to his research work, the scientist has little time to spend with his family.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)by chance＝by accident 偶然
(2)“v.＋off”短语速记
①move off 离开；起程；出发
②pay off 偿清；取得好结果
③put off 推迟
④give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
⑤take off 起飞；脱掉
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1. crowd in on VS crowd into
比较 ①Memories crowded in on me when I saw the photo. ②Young and old would crowd into one small boat handed down by their forefathers.
辨清 (1)crowd in on sb.意为“(想法、问题等)涌上某人心头；涌入某人脑海”，相当于crowd into one's mind/head。(2)crowd into“(使)充满某空间；将……强安排进，挤进(某时间)；涌现于(某人的)脑海”。
2．refer to VS look up VS turn to
比较 ①When I come across something unknown, I will look it up in a dictionary. ②Turn to me for help when necessary. ③The American society is often referred to as a big melting pot.
辨清 (1)refer to表示“查阅”时，可与consult换用；还可表示“指的是；适用于；提到，提及”；refer to ...as ...表示“把……称作……，把……当做……”。(2)look up表示“(在词典中)查阅”，后跟word, phrase等具体对象作宾语。(3)turn to表示“查阅”时，用法同consult, refer to，但turn to sb. for help表示“向某人求助”。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中refer to的含义)
①If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary. 查阅
②We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again. 提及
③The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
把……称作……
④As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor. 把……提交给……
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.
一旦你开始做某件事，你必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。
②You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.
一旦你有了信心，面试就会成功。
2．句式升级
③Once it is lost, the good chance may never come again.
→Once lost, the good chance may never come again. (省略)
[解其困]
若once 引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
(二)“It hit/hits sb.＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.
我突然想起我忘了她的生日。
②It happened that they spent their childhood in the same village.
他们碰巧在同一个村子里度过了童年。
2．一句多译
我突然想到我忘记我们的约定了。
③It hit me that I had forgotten our appointment.
④It occurred to me that I had forgotten our appointment.
⑤It struck me that I had forgotten our appointment.
[解其困]
“It hit(s) sb.＋从句”结构，意为“某人突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主语。it作形式主语的其他相似句型：
It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
It strikes sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
It happens that ... 碰巧……
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2017浙江6月高考·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1] Benjamin West， the father of American painting， showed his talent for art when he was
(1)
only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
[2]The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long①， the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
[3]The cat's lot② was about to improve.③ That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
[4]In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
[5]In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a well known④ painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions⑤ by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine year old boy decided then that he would be an artist.,
通句式——句子(1)中 the father of American painting作Benjamin West的同位语；when引导时间状语从句。
①微点拨——意义大不同：
before long 不久以后
long before 很久以前
②微积累——熟词生义：lot
pron.大量；许多 (熟义)
n．命运 (生义)
③微技法——根据上下文语境猜测句意：
在做句意理解题时，一定要联系上下文语境。第22题就可以根据上下文语境得出答案。
④构词法——well＋v. ed→adj.
well known adj. 著名的
well prepared adj. 做好充分准备的
well received adj. 受欢迎的；被认可的
well rounded adj. 全面的
⑤微积累——company派生词
companion n. `伙伴；同伴
company n. 公司；陪伴
keep pany 陪伴某人
accompany v. 陪伴；伴随
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
21．What is the text mainly about
A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.
B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.
C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.
D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C项。
22．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest
A．The cat would be closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
解析：选D 句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。
23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent
A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B．He provided him with painting materials.
C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D．He taught him how to make engravings.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章末段首句“In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，堂兄Pennington给了他很多帮助，提供了创作油画的材料，故选B项。
24．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to .
A．master the use of paints
B．appreciate landscape paintings
C．get to know other painters
D．make up his mind to be a painter
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话以及“While it is likely that he understood ... The nine year old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可推知，Williams给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家，故选D项。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第22题主要考查学生的逻辑性思维。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是偷偷剪掉家里的猫的毛发制作画笔的。画线句后的内容提到本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔，由逻辑思维可知：本杰明拥有了真正的画笔，不再需要猫毛制作画笔了，故猫的命运发生了改变。一些考生由于缺乏逻辑性思维，往往错选B项。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文通过介绍美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候学习画画的故事，激励我们要不怕困难，勇往直前，做一个对社会有所贡献的人。“一个有希望的民族不能没有英雄，一个有前途的国家不能没有先锋”，特别是在中华人民共和国成立70周年，党中央隆重表彰了一批为新中国建设和发展而做出杰出贡献的功勋模范人物。他们就是我们这个时代的英雄和先锋，竖起了中华民族伟大复兴的坚强丰碑。我们应学习他们能吃苦，勇于奉献，敢于担当，努力拼搏，不懈奋斗的精神，为中华民族的伟大复兴增砖添瓦！
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It's a useful introduction (introduce) to an extremely complex subject.
2．Whoever made the cake is really an artist (art)．
3．It's amazing (amaze) that he should finish the task so perfectly.
4．Impressed with his story, all the people present were moved to tears.
5．It is well known that physical exercise can promote health.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The boy showed a talent for (显示出……才能) maths at an early age.
2．I was amazed at (对……感到惊讶) the difference it makes in my attitude to life.
3．Don't worry, we'll always keep you company (陪伴你) whenever you are in trouble.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.
[句式解构] 本句是一个主从复合句。主句是they were his introduction to classical paintings。其中while引导让步状语从句，从句中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。
[句意翻译] 尽管他很可能理解不了这两本书的内容，但是它们开启了他的古典绘画之门。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
根据所给提示，用英语简单地介绍一下我国著名的农业科学家袁隆平。要点如下：
1．他热衷于农业研究，经常日晒雨淋；
2．他成功培育出了一种新的水稻品种，产量比普通水稻高20%；
3．他认为只有成功地做成一件事，他的人生才有意义；
4．作为“杂交(hybrid)水稻之父”，他将永远被人铭记。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Yuan Longping, a world famous agricultural scientist, is enthusiastic about agricultural study.Apart from this, he often exposes himself to the rain and sunlight all day.Hard work paid off.He succeeded in developing a new species of rice whose yields are 20 percent higher than common types of rice.He thought it made sense only if he could do something successfully in his life.Owing to this, he will always be remembered as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
课下主题训练对社会有突出贡献的人物
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①appearance □ ②elegant □
③fair □ ④pale □
⑤plain □ ⑥figure □
⑦slim □ ⑧attractive □
⑨facial □ ⑩cheerful □
desperate □ sympathetic □
encouraging □ confidence □
capable □ diligent □
determined □ independent □
virtue □ bravery □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．It is implied that writing is so important that if you can write an elegant article you will definitely not get a poor score. 优美的
2．It is the capable people we seek to work with; otherwise we cannot develop quickly and smoothly. 能力强的
3．She was very sympathetic to the problems of adult students. 同情的
4．Somewhere out there was a desperate man, cold, hungry, hunted. 绝望的
5．You don't need any special skills for this job, just plain common sense. 普通的
6．And the New Year's sun rose and shone upon her pale face. 苍白的
7．When you are troubled, it's better not to think about it, but to keep busy with more cheerful things. 高兴的
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Our teacher often encourages us to have confidence (confident) in ourselves.
2．Her facial (face) expression suggested that she was satisfied with what she had done in the research.
3．Her encouraging (encourage) words inspired us to move on.
4．Her bravery (brave) and virtue won her much fame in the world.
5．She was so diligent (diligence) that she worked day and night.And this explained why she had so many great inventions.
6．As far as work is concerned, she is determined (determine) to become a film maker.
7．As far as I know，she is a strong minded，independent (dependent) woman.
8．It is selling very well, in part because the packaging is so attractive (attract).
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In celebration of Women's History Month, here are a few of the millions of women that have broken all conventional rules to make a difference in the world.
Susan B. Anthony
Born on February 15,1820，Susan B．Anthony was a women's rights activist in the US.She spent many years campaigning for women's right to vote. Anthony was also against slavery, helping support the passage of the Civil War Amendments. She also lent her voice to the battle for equal pay and educational opportunities for all.
Anne Frank
Anne Frank grew up in a happy family. However, things changed when Hitler came to power.Anne and her family were forced to hide inside a tiny house，where the young girl recorded her family's fears and struggles.Even after all these years, her journal, Anne Frank：The Diary of a Young Girl，continues to be popular with people across all ages and cultures.
Aung San Suu Kyi
Determined to bring democracy (民主) to Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi founded the National League for Democracy (NLD). Suu Kyi's open displeasure with the government resulted in her spending much of the time between 1989 and 2010 in prison or under house arrest. In 1991, Suu Kyi received the Nobel Peace Prize. In 2015, five years after she had been freed, Suu Kyi's NLD Party won a great victory in the general elections.
Malala Yousafzai
Malala Yousafzai was born to a Pakistani educator and poet. When the Taliban declared that girls should not be educated, the world's youngest Nobel Prize winner decided to challenge these unfair policies (政策). On October 9, 2012, she was shot and badly injured. Since recovering, Malala continues her fight for girls' education. Her bravery is encouraging young people all over the world to stand up for what they believe is right.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位杰出女性。
1．Who made a great contribution to women's right to vote
A．Anne Frank. B．Malala Yousafzai.
C．Susan B. Anthony. D．Aung San Suu Kyi.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Susan B. Anthony 部分中的第二句可知答案。
2．Why was Aung San Suu Kyi put into prison
A．She refused to leave Myanmar.
B．She demanded that the democrats be freed.
C．She voiced dissatisfaction with the government.
D．She blamed the government for its economic policy.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Aung San Suu Kyi 部分中的第二句可知，昂山素季因为表达对政府的不满而被投入监狱。
3．Which of the following can be used to describe the women mentioned in the text
A．Brave and inspiring.
B．Reliable and devoted.
C．Honest and responsible.
D．Considerate and optimistic.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的内容和文章中对四位女性的介绍可以推知，她们的英勇事迹激励了很多人。
B
Where some people see creepy (令人毛骨悚然的) insects, Jennifer Angus sees beauty: Rather than rely simply on paints and dyes, the 55 year old professor of textile (纺织品) design creates patterns from thousands of lively insects.
As a kid, Angus had a penchant for patterns, but she didn't develop an interest in insects until her late 20s, when she was researching textiles in Thailand and discovered a table cover.“The fringe (饰边) was made with metallic looking green beetle (甲虫) wings，” says Angus.“I'd never seen beautiful insects — maybe because I grew up in Canada, where all the insects were brown or black. I realized I could take insects and turn them into patterns.”
Angus's insects aren't backyard ones. Most come from countries like Peru, Malaysia and Indonesia.“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people，” says Angus. And she refuses to work with endangered species：“If an insect seems hard to find, I won't use it.”
Since 2002, Angus has created site specific works of art at galleries and museums around the world — like her latest piece at the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery in Washington，D.C. “My collection is very fragile，” says Angus. “I've been refusing some insects for more than 15 years, so I drive it everywhere myself. That means working out exactly how many insects I'll use. I can't get to a gallery and go, ‘I need another 500 cicadas！’”
Angus hopes to inspire a sense of wonder and appreciation in her viewers.“If people leave one of my shows thinking about insects in a new way — one that doesn't involve a fly killer — that's a success，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了以昆虫为创作材料的艺术家Jennifer Angus。
4．What does the underlined part “had a penchant for” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Had respect for. B．Had a liking for.
C．Was frightened of. D．Was confused about.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据上文“the 55 year old professor of textile (纺织品) design”和后面的“researching textiles” 可知，Angus 从小就对设计各类图案感兴趣。
5．What kind of insects does Angus use in her patterns
A．Rare ones. B．Winged ones.
C．Common ones. D．Backyard ones.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people”和“If an insect seems hard to find, I won't use it.”可以推知，Angus用的是普通的昆虫。
6．What can be learned about Angus's works of art
A．They can be seen around the world.
B．They sometimes take over 10 years to finish.
C．They are mostly created at Angus's own house.
D．They are mostly in the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Angus has created site specific works of art at galleries and museums around the world”可知，Angus的作品在世界各地都可以看到。
7．What are Angus's hopes for her works of art
A．They will win her more followers.
B．They will bring her a sense of success.
C．They will inspire more research on insects.
D．They will raise public awareness about the protection of insects.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可以推知，Angus希望自己的作品能够提高公众对昆虫的保护意识。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
It was the 2015 “super storm” in New South Wales that restored my faith in people.
During a break in the weather, I stupidly decided to drive into town to buy some groceries. However, as I left the supermarket and drove back, the weather took a turn for the worse. 1
I had nowhere to go. I spotted a young man in his front yard assessing the situation. He quickly waved to me to come and park in his driveway. 2
The man, who introduced himself as Trent, then invited me to wait inside his house with his wife, Kayti and their two daughters. I told him I was concerned about the damage to my car, as the continuing rain was starting to turn into hail (冰雹). Trent then grabbed a blanket from his garage and covered my car. 3 Fortunately, his efforts saved my car from being damaged by the hail.
By 11：00 am, the electricity and phone services had both gone. 4 Trent made me a cup of tea and Kayti gave me a towel to dry myself off. The three of us chatted while waiting for the weather to get better. I learned that Trent had lost his job and was struggling to feed the family.
When the hail stopped, I shook Trent's hand and kissed Kayti goodbye. 5 I was very moved by their kindness and it renewed my faith in people.
As I went out the door, I asked Trent for two of his business cards. My father has since called to offer him a job as a clerk at his company.
A．It began pouring so heavily that I was forced to stop.
B．The couple were so modest as I thanked them for their help.
C．I was surprised that he didn't ask for anything in return for his assistance.
D．I was grateful to escape the running water that was about to drown my car.
E．I tried driving faster to escape the heavy downpour that was sure to come.
F．As a result, I couldn't contact my parents, despite knowing they'd be worried.
G．He was wet but he didn't seem to mind being out in the wild weather on my behalf.
语篇解读：“我”在暴风雨来临前驾车前往市区购物，暴风雨来临时，一位年轻人邀请“我”到他家躲避，并用毯子盖好“我”的车，使“我”的车免受冰雹的损害。为了感谢他的善良，“我”为他找了一份工作。
1．选A 根据空处前一句可知，当“我”离开超市开车回去时，天气变得更糟了；根据下一句可知，“我”无处可去；据此可推知，空处应是说天气变得更糟后的状况，故A项符合语境。
2．选D 根据空处前一句可知，正当“我”在暴风雨中被迫停车时，一位年轻人向“我”挥手，让“我”将车停在他的车道里；据此可推知，“我”很感谢他让“我”免遭暴风雨，故D项与此处匹配。
3．选G 根据空处前两句可知，“我”告诉Trent“我”担心冰雹会砸坏“我”的车，他便从车库里拿了条毯子盖住“我”的车；结合常识和语境可推知，他全身湿透，但是并不介意，故G项符合语境。
4．选F 根据空处前一句可知，上午十一点时，电力和电话服务都中断了；据此可推知，“我”无法联系上父母，尽管“我”知道他们很担心“我”，故F项符合语境。
5．选B 根据空处前一句可知，冰雹停了，“我”和Trent握手，和Kayti吻别；结合上文叙述的Trent对“我”的帮助可推知，“我”对他们的帮助表示感谢，这对夫妻非常谦逊，故B项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Wu Zetian, the only woman emperor to rule ancient China, is considered 1 one of the most powerful women in Chinese history.
She was born into a(n) 2 (wealth) family with great beauty and intelligence.This beautiful girl, unlike others in ancient China, 3 (be) in favour of reading and often travelled around the country with her father when she was young, 4 increased her knowledge and developed her talents.When she was about fourteen, she 5 (send) to the palace and married to the Emperor.After many difficulties and hardships, she 6 (successful) made herself queen.A few years after Emperor Gaozong died, Wu Zetian changed the name of the Dynasty Tang to Zhou, and became Empress. 7 seemed like a hard task for women to be rulers in ancient times, but Wu Zetian succeeded.When she ruled the country, she supported economic and cultural 8 (develop) and improved people's living quality.She also encouraged girls to go to school 9 (study)．Before then, girls were not allowed to go to school.
Wu Zetian died at the age of 82， 10 (leave) a gravestone without any words on it.Although the Zhou Dynasty only lasted for one generation, it marked an important period in Chinese history.
语篇解读：本文介绍了中国历史上唯一的一位女皇帝——武则天。
1．as 考查介词。be considered as ...“被认为是……”，故填as。
2．wealthy 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰family，表示“富裕的”，故填wealthy。
3．was 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处所在句主语为This beautiful girl，谓语应用单数形式，且由“when she was young”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was。
4．which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文“This beautiful girl ...when she was young”这件事，故填which。
5．was sent 考查动词的时态和语态。she与send之间是被动关系，且由“When she was about fourteen”可知，send所表示的动作发生在过去，故填was sent。
6．successfully 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰made，故填successfully。
7．It 考查代词。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是to be rulers in ancient times，故填It。
8．development 考查名词。设空处作宾语，表示“发展”，故填development。
9．to study 考查非谓语动词。女孩子们去上学的目的是学习，girls与study之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to study。
10．leaving 考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，Wu Zetian与leave之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且leave所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填leaving。
PAGE
26(共81张PPT)
eers at the massachusetts institute of technolo
) have taken it
tep furt
the actual composition of
ts
order to get them to perfo
tions
se include plants that have s
sprinted onto their leaves
en they 're short of
ter and a
ant that ca
tect harmfi
water.“W
t how we can el
plants to replace functions ofthe
gs that we use every day, exp
ael strano
of esso
把握主题
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了
绿色植物对人类社会和工
引出主题:研究的内容:麻省理工学最新的
研究的未来发展
介绍发光植物
作效率的积极作用,同时还
植物对人院的工程师们通过改变植研究项
① last the plant's lifetime的好处:发光
介绍了科学家们新开发的
类的积极物的实际成分,使植物发目:发
② develop an on and off
植物有助于节/植物的不寻常的功能:检测
影响
挥不同寻常的功能
光植物
“ switch" on glowing
plants
约能源
地下水质和发光照明。Unit 2 Working the land
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．statistic n． 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
2．sunburnt adj. 晒黑的
3．super adj. 特级的；超级的
4．output n. 产量；输出
5．circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传
6．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
7．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领
8．personality n. 性格；个性；人格
9．chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的
n. 化学物质
10．organic adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的
11．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饶的
12．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥
13．bacteria n. 细菌
14．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
15．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物
16．mineral n. 矿物；矿石
17．skim vt. 浏览；略读
18．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力
2．decade n. 十年；十年期
3．crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量
4．expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展
5．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争
vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗
6．rid vt. 摆脱；除去
7．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
8．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾；懊悔
9．production n. 生产；制造
10．focus n. 焦点；中心点
vt. 集中；聚焦
11．soil n. 土壤
12．reduce vt. 减少；减缩
13．root n. 根；根源
14．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要
15．comment n. 评论；议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的
2．export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import vt.& vi.(反义词) 输入；进口
3．discover vt.发现；发觉→discovery n．发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者
4．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备
5．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.困惑的→confusion n．迷惑；困惑
6．nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的→nationality n．国籍
7．disturb v．打扰；妨碍；使不安→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的
8．free adj.自由的→freedom n．自由；自主
[语境活用]
1．He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)
2．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
3．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb)
4．Madam Curie discovered Radium, and many scientists were surprised at her discovery at that time.(discover)
5．Women have gained the freedom to decide whether to marry or not, and they are free to choose their jobs at present.(free)
6．Owing to the great hunger，a great number of hungry children died.(hungry)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎
背词条用法 struggle for 为争取……而斗争struggle with 与……斗争；与……并肩作战struggle against 为反对……而斗争；与……斗争struggle to do sth. 努力做某事struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
背写作佳句 ①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In the short film, you can learn that my school has been struggling for a better future. 在短片中，你可以了解到我校一直在为更美好的未来而努力。②To get an education, he was struggling against/with many difficulties. 为了获得受教育的机会，他正跟很多困难做斗争。
2.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备
背词条用法 (1)equip ...with ... 用……装备……equip ...for sth./to do sth. 为了……而装备be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/较差的(2)a piece of equipment 一件设备
背写作佳句 ①As far as I know, he is equipped with much experience in teaching. 据我所知，他具有丰富的教学经验。②My mother bought a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen yesterday. 昨天，我妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。
3．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆
背词条用法 confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆；辨别不清be confused by 被……弄混/弄糊涂
背写作佳句 ①I was confused by such a confusing problem. 我被这样令人困惑的问题搞糊涂了。 ②I confused her with her sister because they were so alike. 我把她和她妹妹弄混了，因为她们长得太像了。
4．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜；可惜；后悔n.遗憾；懊悔
背词条用法 (1)regret 后悔做了某事regret to say/tell/inform ...that ... 遗憾地说/告知……(2)with great regret 非常遗憾to one's regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是
背写作佳句 ①Li Ping did not regret giving/having given the comment but felt that she could have expressed it differently. 李萍并不后悔提出意见，但是她感觉她本来可以换种方式表达的。②Much to our regret，we will not be able to visit you tomorrow. 让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明天不能去拜访你了。
5．focus n．焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦
背词条用法 (1)focus on/upon 集中(注意力、精力等)于……focus one's attention/eyes/energy on ... 集中注意力/目光/精力于……(2)the focus of ... ……的焦点
背写作佳句 ①The meeting focused on whether we should build a new teaching building. 这次会议集中在我们是否应该建一栋新的教学楼。②If we find those materials interesting, we'll focus our attention on them for long. 如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。③Health and environmental problems have become increasingly the focus of attention. 健康和环境问题日益成为关注的焦点。
6.comment n．评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论
背词条用法 (1)comment on/upon sth. 对……发表评论comment that ... 评论……(2)make comments on/about ... 对……加以评论no comment 无可奉告
背写作佳句 ①The teacher often comments on (upon)/makes comments on (about) how different the two boys are. 老师经常评论那两个男孩子的不同之处。②He commented that this novel was a masterpiece of American literature. 他评论说这部小说是美国文学中的杰作。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．rid ...of 使……摆脱或除去
2．be satisfied with 对……感到满意
3．would rather 宁愿；宁可
4．build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
5．be rich in 盛产
6．thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
7．lead to 导致；造成(后果)
8．focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
9．keep ...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；
使……不含(有害物)
10．in addition 另外
重点短语拓展用活
1．build up逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累；创办
背相关短语 pick up 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载take up 拿起；开始；从事；占据(时间或空间) make up 虚构；弥补；组成break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假
背写作佳句 ①You ought to take more sports after school to build up your strength. 放学后你应该多参加体育运动，以增强你的体力。②I must get rid of this large table — it takes up too much room. 我必须把这张大桌子搬走——它占用太多的空间。
2．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……
背相关短语 lead sb. to do sth. 引导某人做某事lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活lead the way 引路；带路
背写作佳句 ①Questioning can lead to searching for an answer. 质疑可以导致寻找答案。②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to practise speaking English in an interesting way. 在课堂上，我会把学生分成小组，用有趣的方法引导他们练习说英语。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．If so, what did you do to grow them？(if引导条件状语从句的省略形式)
如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植它们？
佳句① (2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Would you like to join our school table tennis team？If so, please email me as soon as possible. 你愿意加入我们校乒乓球队吗？如果愿意的话，请尽快给我发邮件。
佳句② Is anybody feeling cold？If not, let us open the windows. 有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，让我们把窗子打开吧。
2．In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.(the first/last/best ...＋n.＋to do sth.)
1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
佳句① She is always the first person to go to the office and the last to leave, which I guess is why she is promoted so quickly. 她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开的人，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因。
佳句② (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)I was the third person to arrive at the finishing line in the competition. 在这次比赛中，我是第三个到达终点线的人。
3．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.(would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”)
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
佳句① We would rather make delicious dumplings with our own hands than buy some for the elderly. 我们更喜欢自己动手包美味的饺子而不是给老人们买一些。
佳句② Nowadays more and more people would rather not live in big cities. 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．He felt it was worthwhile to do it when he enjoyed the outstanding performance.
当他享受着杰出的成果时，他觉得这么做是值得的。
2．He is devoted to his research, making him one of the most outstanding scientists in the field.
他致力于他的研究，使他成为该领域最杰出的科学家之一。
3．After graduation, he devoted his life to teaching in the rural areas of our country for more than 30 years. His devotion and selflessness are highly thought of by all his students as well as by the society.
毕业后，他献身我们国家偏远地区的教育30多年。他的奉献和无私精神受到他所有学生和社会的高度赞扬。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——感谢信(三)
[题目要求]
假定你是校学生会主席李华，上周你校组织一个文化交流团到英国某高中进行文化交流，现已回国。请你代表你校交流团给英国活动负责人David写一封信。内容包括：
1．感谢对方的招待；
2．此行的体验和收获；
3．邀请对方暑假来中国体验中国文化。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear David，
I'm delighted to tell you we have returned to China safely and I'm writing to express our gratitude for your reception.
We were impressed with your warm entertainment. Without your help, the journey couldn't have been so successful. We have benefited a lot from the visit. We got such a precious chance to learn about the British culture and history. It also offered us a platform where we could display our traditional Chinese culture like paper cutting and Chinese paintings to more foreigners. It will arouse people's greater interest in each other's culture and promote cultural exchanges. We are sure to develop a closer friendship as more activities are held.
We would like to invite you to visit China this summer holiday, so you can experience the Chinese culture in person and have a deeper understanding of it.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：express one's gratitude for, be impressed with, benefit a lot from, such a precious chance, display, arouse people's greater interest, promote等，体现了考生丰富的语言词汇知识。
(2)运用高级句式结构，如：虚拟语气的使用Without your help, the journey couldn't have been so successful；定语从句where we could display our traditional Chinese culture ...；as引导状语从句as more activities are held等，使文章的语言表达更有档次。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾先用We would like to invite you to visit China ...邀请David来中国，接着用表示因果关系的并列连词so引出“亲自体验中国文化”，上下文衔接自然，逻辑清晰。
3．防微点失分
考生容易因虚拟语气掌握不牢固，把“Without your help, the journey couldn't have been so successful.”表达成“Without your help, the journey couldn't be so successful.”，或把“We got such a precious chance to learn about the British culture and history.”中的such误表达为so，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding (扩大) the area of the fields.
2．The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly reduced (减少) if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.
3．The reporter commented (评论) that the film Lost and Love was very moving.
4．Thanks to their support and help, we were not so badly off during the past decade (十年)．
5．In some poor African areas, many children die of hunger (饥饿) every year.
6．They hope that the new model will go into production (生产；制造) next year.
7．The great scientist devoted all her life to chemical (化学的) research.
8．This great battle (战役) was vividly recorded in the documentary film.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．I wish I could buy more organic produce from here, but I find the kids don't like it.
有机的
2．Yuan Longping is now circulating his knowledge in India，Vietnam and other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. 传播
3．According to official statistics, the disease killed over 500 people.
数据；统计；统计数字
4．Underline all the words you do not know and then look them up in a dictionary.
画底线标出
5．In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. 肥料；化肥
6．Many of us equate (视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. 职业
7．(熟词生义)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.(2019·天津高考)
一件困难的事情
8．(熟词生义)The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
使……具备某种能力
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Fill in your name, address and nationality (nation) on the form.
2．It's disturbing (disturb) that I can't get along well with my new neighbor.
3.I'd appreciate it if you could make helpful comments on/about my work.
4.I'm sure that modern medical technology will rid us of this terrible disease.
5．If you stay under the strong sunlight for a long time without any protection, your skin will get sunburnt (sunburn)．
6．In the last decade, the project has expanded (expand) its welfare to support 12,000 poor students.
7.She takes exercise every day, and she has reduced her weight by 10% to 50 kilos.
8．His recent discoveries (discover) have added to his reputation in the field of science.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．你应该改掉那些可能损害你健康的坏习惯。(rid)
You should get rid of the bad habits that might damage your health.
2．近年来我们的对外贸易扩大了。(expand)
Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years.
3．如今大熊猫的数量已经减少到了1 600只。(reduce)
Now the number of giant pandas has been reduced to 1,600.
4．他评论说这部电影很精彩。(comment)
He commented that it was an excellent film.
5．他因触犯法律而被关进监狱。(therefore)
He broke the law, therefore he was put into prison.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)make comments on/about“对……发表评论”。
(2)在rid ...of ...短语中，rid为动词，后跟sb.或somewhere作宾语，指“使某人摆脱”或“除掉某地的不好或有害之物”。
(3)reduce后接to表示增减的结果，接by表示增减的幅度。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．struggle
[明其义]
vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①At present, China has to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
②Workers are struggling for a clean canteen and healthy food.
③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to lead (lead) an active life.
(2)补全语段
Farmers always have to ④ struggle for a living. They often ⑤ struggle against/with the bad weather for a better harvest. Some of them even have to leave their hometowns and go to work in cities，⑥struggling to increase their income.
农民一直都得为了生存而努力。他们经常与恶劣的天气做斗争来争取有个好点的收成。他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到城市工作，努力增加他们的收入。
2．equip
[明其义]
vt.& vi.配备；装备
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak (speak)．
②We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for future life.
③If it were not the modern equipment (equip), such experiments would not be performed.
(2)句式升级
He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.
→④Equipped with much experience in teaching, he is well respected by all his students. (过去分词作状语)
→⑤Equipping himself with much experience in teaching, he is well respected by all his students. (现在分词作状语)
[解其困]
(1)be equipped with常用过去分词作状语。
(2)equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
3．confuse
[明其义]
vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①It's a common case to confuse wealth with/and happiness.
②I would often get confused (confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling.
③There was a confused look on his face when he met with a confusing problem.(confuse)
④To avoid confusion (confuse), please write the children's names clearly on all their school clothes.
(2)补全句子
⑤For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.
例如，有大量的参考书，我经常会对选择哪本感到困惑。
4．regret
[明其义]
vt.遗憾；惋惜；可惜；后悔 n．遗憾；懊悔
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①After he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted making/having made (make) such a decision.
②I regret to tell (tell) you that your problems are beyond my power.
(2)一句多译
很遗憾地告诉你，我不能在约定的时间陪你去北京了。
③I greatly regret to tell you that I can't accompany you to Beijing at the appointed time. (regret vt.)
④Much to my regret/To my great regret, I can't accompany you to Beijing at the appointed time. (regret n．)
5．focus
[明其义]
n．焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.
②With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
③With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
(2)补全句子
④It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.
这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
[解其困]
表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短语还有：concentrate one's attention on; fix one's attention on; pay attention to等。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
lead to， focus on， thanks to， be satisfied with， would rather， build up， keep ...free from/of， rid ...of
1．A deep breath and a balanced mind will help (to) rid you of the anxiety and nervousness.
2.To be mentally healthy, you need to build up good relationships with each other.
3．We asked all our customers if they were satisfied with the service they had received.
4．We should learn to keep ourselves free from/of love of money and be content with what we have.
5．Thanks to these new treatments, people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life.
6.The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being caught.
7．In recent years, Mrs Brown has focused on using her Weibo to encourage those who want to follow her example.
8．What a pity！I would rather I had followed my teacher's advice yesterday.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)build up (＝form steadily)意为“逐步建立；逐步形成”。
(2)lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或v. ing形式。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1. reduce to VS reduce by
比较 ①It was raining hard so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres per hour. ②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days.
辨清 (1)reduce ...by ... 把……减少了……(2)reduce ...to ... 把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态
2．in addition VS in addition to
比较 ①In addition to my weekly wage, I got a lot of tips. ②There is, in addition, one further point to make.
辨清 (1)in addition to为介词短语，后接名词或代词，相当于besides/apart from/as well as。(2)in addition为副词短语，作状语，相当于besides/what's more。
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中build up的含义)
①To learn a language well you must build up useful vocabulary. 积累
②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.
逐渐增强
③Taking an active part in sports and outdoor activities is really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life. 增强……的体质
④Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build up a low carbon city by riding bicycles.
建立
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off？If so, write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.
你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快回信告诉我。
②The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely，if ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.
这里的气候宜人，气温，如果有过的话，在夏季极少达到30摄氏度。
2．翻译句子
③我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。
I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it'll be on Saturday.
[解其困]
(1)if so为“if it is so”的省略形式，if为连词，so指代上文的内容，意为“如果是这样的话”，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。
(2)if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
(二)would rather do sth. “宁愿做某事”
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①She would rather you came tomorrow than today.
她宁愿你明天来而不是今天来。
②I would rather you had finished your homework yesterday.
我宁愿你昨天就做完了作业。
2．一句多译
简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。
③Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay (stay) in the library than go to see a movie.
④Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie.
⑤Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers staying (stay) in the library to going to see a movie.
[解其困]
(1)would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事
(3)would rather that＋sb.＋did sth.宁愿某人做某事(表示对现在或将来的虚拟)
(4)would rather that＋sb.＋had done sth.宁愿某人做过某事(表示对过去的虚拟)
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：自然科学研究成果
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive① when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
[2]The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
[3]One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three and a half hours. The light, about one thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self powered③ street lamps.
[4]In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
[5]Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) — such as the distance from a power plant④ to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.,
①构词法——produce派生词
词源：product n. 产品；产物
productive adj. 富有成效的；
高效的
production n. 生产；制造
通句式——句子(1)中how引导的宾语从句作介词about的宾语；that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词functions of the things。
②微积累——熟词生义：engineer
n．工程师 (熟义)
v．改变……的基因结构 (生义)
③微技法——根据词根猜测词义：
powered adj.由……驱动的；电动的
self powered adj.自供电的
sun powered adj.太阳能发动的
high powered adj.高性能的；大功率的
④微积累——熟词生义：plant
n．植物 (熟义)
n．发电厂 (生义)
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
解析：选D 段落大意题。根据第一段第二句“Recent studies have found positive effects.”及本段中的“greener areas of the city experienced less crime”和“employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants”可知，D选项“Benefits from green plants.”能概括本段内容。
33．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A．To detect plants' lack of water.
B．To change compositions of plants.
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water”可知，A选项正确。
34．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可推知，在未来，发光植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Can we grow more glowing plants
B．How do we live with glowing plants
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps
D．How are glowing plants made pollution free
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据最后一段内容可知，由于照明通常远离电源，在传输过程中会损失大量能源，但发光植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。文章说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，并介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程以及一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的效果。由此可知，C选项“发光植物有可能取代路灯吗？”最适合作本文的标题。故选C。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第35题主要考查学生的概括性思维。文章第一段点明了植物的积极作用；第二段是有关植物的功能的研究；第三段说明最新的研究——发光植物；第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”；第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多，或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。对全文内容进行概括总结进而得出C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗？)最适合作文章标题。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了运用高科技改造绿色植物从而节能减排的科学探索。阅读的选材不仅能让考生了解人与自然和谐发展的必要性，同时也能让他们了解到科学家们对于改变环境正在做的研究。这不仅可以促使考生深入思考科技创新在人类生活和发展过程中起到的重要作用，还有利于引导考生发展科学探索精神。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He took a very scientific (science) approach to managing the project.
2．Researchers in this field have made some important new discoveries (discover)．
3．Recent studies show that we are far more productive (product) at work if we take short breaks regularly.
4．Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical (electricity) engineering.
5．The aircraft is powered (power) by a jet engine.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The medicine is not to be exposed to (暴露于) daylight.
2．A typical PDA can function as (起……作用) a mobile phone and a personal organizer.
3．Based on this, it is necessary for our country to conduct a study (进行研究) on the subject.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
[句式解构] 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是These，谓语动词是include。其中第一个that引导的定语从句修饰plants；when they're short of water是宾语从句，作show的宾语。第二个that引导的定语从句修饰a plant。
[句意翻译] 这些(植物中)包括叶子上印有传感器以显示它们何时缺水的植物，以及能够检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。
2．The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
[句式解构] 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是The engineers，谓语动词是are trying to develop。其中where引导的定语从句修饰an on and off “switch”；when exposed to daylight是省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句。
[句意翻译] 工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，当暴露在日光下时，它的光会减弱。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
假定你是某英文报纸的记者，请根据下列要点，以A Famous Company为题，写一篇英文报道。
1．这是一家杰出的公司，它的产品获得了很多专利；
2．该公司一心投入到发明新产品中去，以希望以此来改善环境；
3．该公司非常稳定、充满活力，抓住机会来研发新产品；
4．该公司的环保产品非常实用，使用起来很方便；
5．你的评价……
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Famous Company
参考范文：
A Famous Company
It is a distinguished company, whose products have won many patents.To face abrupt changes of environment, it dives into inventing new products to protect environment.Besides, it is very stable and dynamic, seizing every chance to set out to develop more products.Its environment friendly products are practical and convenient to use.When it comes to high end environment friendly products, people often associate them with the company.I think it will have the competence to live up to customers' expectations and contribute to our environment forever.
课下主题训练自然科学研究成果
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①dignity □ ②merciful □
③generous □ ④reliable □
⑤determined □ ⑥powerful □
⑦considerate □ ⑧confident □
⑨mean □ ⑩shallow □
disability □ intelligent □
talented □ outstanding □
creative □ artificial □
organ □ intelligence □
breakthrough □ virtual □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．Some countries support organ donation and transplantation. 器官
2．These flowers inside the room are all artificial, which look beautiful. 人造的
3．New technology has enabled the development of an online“virtual library”． 虚拟的
4．He didn't even have the intelligence to call for an ambulance. 智力
5．It's difficult to preserve your dignity when you have no job and no home. 自尊
6．These fish were found in shallow waters around the coast. 浅的
7．I wish you would succeed in borrowing some money from the mean man. 小气的
8．She had a great eye for color and came up with some creative ideas for our house.
创造性的
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money.Instead，he made a generous(generosity)contribution to help the community.
2．Trains are reliable (rely), cheap and best for long distance journey.
3．It was considerate (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
4．To be great, you must be smart, confident (confidence), and above all, honest.
5．Whether or not the secretary will be fired is at the mercy (merciful) of her boss.
6．The limits of a person's intelligence (intelligent), generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
7．When the sculptor, Auguste Rodin, was young, he had difficulty learning to read and write.Today, we may say he had a learning disability (disable)．
8．Lionel Messi having set the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is considered the most talented (talent) football player in Europe.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
China is a large producer and consumer of rice.But, as a result of climate change, the amount of land available for rice growing in the country is shrinking. The concern has motivated scientists led by Yuan Longping, known as “the father of hybrid rice”， to look for new ways of growing the grain.
Now they're celebrating successful efforts to grow rice — in sand and seawater.Rice is traditionally grown in soil and fresh water.Starting from January, according to the official Xinhua News Agency, the scientists have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts of Dubai.They experimented with seawater because it is easier to obtain in the desert than fresh water.
China is not the only country facing the issue of overly salty soil.Around the world, there are around 2.35 billion acres of highly saline (含盐的) land.And the number is increasing because of rising sea levels and climate change.
“Probably only a small part of the world's saline land could be brought into production with seawater rice, but that would still have a very important effect on food security，” Even R．Pay, a senior analyst, said.
Yuan told Xinhua that one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai produced over three tons, per acre, which Yuan said was beyond expectations.
Rice is the basic food in many parts of the world.About 90% of rice consumption is from Asia, but demand in Africa and Latin America is on the rise.
A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could potentially benefit many countries.“This is a fantastic development, which is likely to have a good effect on agricultural resource and water poor countries，particularly in North Africa region.”
Even though the cost of growing salt tolerant rice is still high, it will also have strategic value once it's commercialized.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平带领下的科学家们进行了在沙子和海水中种植水稻的试验。
1．What has caused the scientists to find new ways of growing rice
A．The increase of rice consumers.
B．The high cost of rice producing.
C．The land shortage of rice growing.
D．The severe pollution of fresh water.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，能种植水稻的土地短缺促使科学家们去寻找种植水稻的新方法。
2．Yuan's team has successfully grown rice in sand and seawater in .
A．China B．Dubai
C．Latin America D．North Africa
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句和第五段中的“one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai”可知，袁隆平的团队在迪拜成功地在沙子和海水中种植了水稻。
3．What can be inferred from the text
A．About 90% of the rice is demanded and consumed in China.
B．The production of a new type of rice is larger than expected.
C．The increase of saline land is mainly caused by climate change.
D．Seawater is used in the experiment because it is cheaper to gain.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，其中一种在迪拜种植的水稻产量为每英亩三吨多，这超出了人们的预料，故选B。
4．What is the author's attitude to the rice growing experiment
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Critical. D．Disappointed.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者对这种水稻种植的试验持乐观的态度。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were 1 from the branches of the trees, which 2 with the wind attracting local villagers to 3 them at this time of year.
The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and 4 them out. The whole family sifted (筛) and sorted them according to their 5 ， and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really 6 was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of 7 ， would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high 8 .
Still, to many people's 9 ，there was a young man in the village who could never need help， 10 he had limited hands. He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones 11 he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck 12 .
The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them 13 into a sack (麻袋) and carried them to the truck. When he set out, he chose the road, 14 and bumpy (不平的), to go, 15 the small ones would jump to the 16 of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag. It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man 17 ：“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way. This is not an accident but a(n) 18 result.”
There will always be people who get 19 or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head，you will be 20 to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step，you can also create a new world for yourself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一个年轻人用便捷的方法筛选栗子的故事，进而启迪读者——世上无难事，只怕有心人。
1．A.holding B．filling C．planting D．hanging
解析：选D 根据语境及常识可知，山丘上遍布树木，栗子悬挂(hanging)在树枝上，故选D。
2．A.fell B．shook C．jumped D．folded
解析：选B 根据空后的“with the wind”可推知，栗子随风摇动(shook)，吸引当地的村民们在一年中的这个时候来采摘(pick)，故选B。
3．A.enjoy B．view C．seek D．pick
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
4．A.poured B．took C．thought D．figured
解析：选A 根据下文中的“The whole family sifted (筛) and sorted them”可推知，村民们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒(poured)出来，然后才能进行筛选和分类，故选A。
5．A.shape B．size C．taste D．color
解析：选B 根据下文中的“the small ones would jump to the of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整个家庭根据栗子的大小(size)进行筛选和分类，故选B。
6．A.mattered B．cared C．interested D．minded
解析：选A 根据语境可推知，真正要紧(mattered)的是要把挑选好的栗子先送到市场上去，故选A。
7．A.hands B．power C．experience D．ways
解析：选A 根据下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，许多家庭在这个时候就会缺少人手，会去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故选A。
8．A.quality B．quantity C．money D．salary
解析：选D 参见上题解析。quality“质量”；quantity“数量”。
9．A.puzzlement B．relief C．astonishment D．delight
解析：选A 根据上文可知，在栗子收获的季节许多家庭往往缺少人手，再结合下文可知，这个年轻人从不需要帮忙，由此可推知，这点让很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故选A。
10．A.only if B．as if C．even if D．if only
解析：选C 根据语境可知，即使(even if)这个年轻人人手有限，但他从不需要帮助。
11．A.which B．where C．whom D．who
解析：选B 分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the market”，故选B。
12．A.full B．filled C．empty D．loaded
解析：选C 根据空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能够卖光自己所有的栗子，然后开心地开着空(empty)卡车回家，故选C。
13．A.suddenly B．shortly C．directly D．hurriedly
解析：选C 根据语境可知，这个年轻人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子装进麻袋里，将它们搬上卡车，故选C。
14．A.tough B．rough C．regular D．smooth
解析：选B 由与空后的“bumpy”为并列结构可推知，他选择的路是高低不平的(rough)，故选B。
15．A.even B．or C．but D．so
解析：选D 根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故选D。
16．A.hole B．tip C．middle D．bottom
解析：选D 根据下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，小些的栗子会快速移动到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子会留在上面，故选D。
17．A.sighed B．excited C．smiled D．sneezed
解析：选C 根据空后的内容可推知，这个年轻人当时是微笑(smiled)着说的。sigh“叹气”；sneeze“打喷嚏”。
18．A.unexpected B．necessary C．accidental D．deliberate
解析：选B 根据该句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，这并非是意外，而是必然的(necessary)结果，故选B。
19．A.stricken B．satisfied C．upset D．surprised
解析：选C 根据空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此处与“complain”并列，故C项符合语境。
20．A.sensitive B．accessible C．relative D．flexible
解析：选A 根据上文年轻人的回答“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A项符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”。
PAGE
25(共73张PPT)
①表明写信意图,对某事表示歉意
歉卜②说明道歉的具体原因
③再次表明歉意,请求谅解,并提出补救措施
把握主题
Para.1:引出话题
Paras.2-3:介绍此书的主要内容
Para.4:向读者提出建议
本文是一篇说明文,是作者编辑
的一本书的序言部分。文章介绍
阐明编写此书的目的。书中内容多样性
作者建议读者在阅读剧本时想象演员在舞台上
由文章首句可知作者包含多个著名作家演出,而读者作为观众在台下观看;充分利用
了这本书的编写目的、主要内容
热爱戏剧
的作品。
想象力才能最大限度地体会戏剧的真谛
以及欣赏本书的建议等Unit 3 A taste of English humour
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．verbal adj. 口头的
2．nonverbal adj. 不用语言的
3．comedy n. 喜剧
4．depressed adj. 忧愁的；沮丧的
5．charming adj. 迷人的；有魅力的
6．moustache n. 小胡子
7．worn out adj. 磨破的；穿旧的
8．snowstorm n. 暴风雪
9．leather n. 皮革
10．chew vt.& vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼(食物)
11．mouthful n. 一口；满口
12．enjoyment n. 享受；欢乐；乐趣
13．costume n. 服装；戏装
14．gesture n. 姿态；手势
vi. 做手势
15．budget n. 预算；开支
16．pancake n. 烙饼；薄饼
17．detective n. 侦探
18．vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的
19．porridge n. 粥；麦片粥
20．drunk adj. 醉的
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．content adj. 满足的；满意的
n. 满足
vt. 使满足
2．ordinary adj. 平常的；普通的
3．throughout prep. 遍及；贯穿
adv. 到处；始终；全部
4．homeless adj. 无家的；无家可归的
5．worn adj. 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的
6．overcome vt.& vi. 战胜；克服
7．outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的
8．confidence n. 信心；信念
9．occasion n. 时刻；场合
10．slide vt.& vi. (使)滑动；(使)滑行
n. 滑；滑动；幻灯片
11．whisper n. 耳语；低语
vt.& vi. 低语；小声说
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．humour n．幽默；滑稽→humorous adj.幽默的；滑稽的
2．perform vt.表演→performer n．表演者；演出者→performance n．表演
3．astonish vt.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊诧；震惊
4．fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortune n．运气；财富
5．entertain vt.& vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的→entertainment n．娱乐；款待
6．convince vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.坚信不移的；确信的
7．direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的→direction n．指导；方向→director n．导演→directly adv.直接地；径直地 conj.一……就……
8．particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的n.细节；细目→particularly adv.特殊地；特别地
9．amuse vt.使发笑；使愉快→amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的→amused adj.逗乐的→amusement n．愉快；快乐
10．explain vt.解释；说明→explanation n．解释；讲解；说明
11．react vi.作出反应；回应→reaction n．反应；回应
12．bored adj.厌烦的→boring adj.令人厌烦的
13．fail vi.失败→failure n．失败(者)
14．mess n．脏或乱的状态→messy adj.脏的；乱的
15．mountain n．山→mountainous adj.多山的；山一般的
[语境活用]
1．The famous performer is said to have performed a humorous performance at yesterday's evening party, which left a deep impression on the audience.(perform)
2．To my astonishment, he didn't feel astonished at the astonishing news that his brother died at all.(astonish)
3．Fortunately, when he went abroad to try his fortune, he gained great wealth.(fortune)
4．The children in the mountain village have no entertainment，so their teachers often tell entertaining stories to entertain them after class.(entertain)
5．The boy is particularly interested in making model planes but he is not particular about what he eats.(particular)
6．After school, she directly went off in the direction of the cinema to see the new film directed by the famous director.(direct)
7．Although he failed many times, he didn't admit he was a failure.(fail)
8．She tried to convince me that I was mistaken.What she said was so convincing that I was completely convinced.(convince)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．content adj.满足的；满意的n.满足；内容；目录；所含之物 vt.使满足
背词条用法 (1)feel/be content with 对……满足/满意be content to do sth. 满足于做某事(2)content oneself with 满足于
背写作佳句 ①Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got. 安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As time went on, he contented himself with a simple life. 随着时间的流逝，他满足于过简朴的生活。
2．astonish vt.使惊诧
背词条用法 (1)It astonishes sb. that ... 令某人惊讶的是……(2)be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶(3)to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是in astonishment 吃惊地
背写作佳句 ①He was astonished to see how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years. 他惊讶地看到家乡在过去10年里如何发生变化的。②To my astonishment, they weren't astonished at the astonishing news, so I looked at them in astonishment. 让我吃惊的是，他们对这个令人惊讶的消息时并不吃惊，于是我惊讶地望着他们。
3．convince vt.使信服；使相信
背词条用法 (1)convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……(2)be convinced that ... 相信……
背写作佳句 ①You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。②We are convinced that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be a great success. 我们相信2022年北京冬奥会一定会取得成功。
4．direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的
背词条用法 (1)direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事(2)in the direction of 朝……方向in all directions＝in every direction 朝四面八方
背写作佳句 ①All the students have been directed to learn how to refer to the dictionary by the teacher. 老师已指导所有学生学习如何查阅词典。②He went in the direction of the village, for the children wanted to draw pictures under his direction. 他朝村子的方向走去，因为孩子们想在他的指导下画画。
5.particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的 n．细节；细目
背词条用法 (1)be particular about/over sth. 对……讲究/挑剔be particular to do sth. 特地做某事(2)in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别；格外
背写作佳句 ①She has already tried her best. Please don't be too particular about/over her job. 她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。②The company has launched several types of cars this year, and one in particular appeals to the young. 该公司今年推出了好几款型号的汽车，其中有一款特别受年轻人的喜欢。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．feel/be content with 对……满足
2．cut off 切断；断绝
3．badly off 穷的；缺少的
4．pick out 挑出；辨别出
5．in search of 寻找
6．star in 在……担任主角；主演
7．up to now 直到现在
8．in particular 尤其；特别
9．react to 对……作出反应；回应
10．convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
11．pick up (偶然)获得；收听；学会
重点短语拓展用活
1．pick out挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解
背相关短语 pick up 捡起；拾起；收到；开车接；(偶然)获得；学会；逐渐康复；恢复；好转；(在无线电里)收听到pick off 摘去pick over 精挑细选
背写作佳句 ①Having read the poem many times, I finally picked out its main idea. 读了这首诗很多遍，我终于领会了它的大意。②I am wondering whether you can pick him up at the airport. 我在想你是否能去机场接他。
2．cut off切断；断绝
背相关短语 cut in 插嘴；打断(谈话) cut down 砍倒；削减；压缩cut up 切碎；使伤心；使悲伤cut out 删掉；剪除cut away 砍掉；切掉
背写作佳句 ①When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut off from the world. 当他们的孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人就感觉与世隔绝了。②When you give a speech, you'd better cut out unimportant details. 当你演讲时，最好删掉那些不重要的细节。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”．..(as引导定语从句)
维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，能驱走人们脸上的冬天”……
佳句① (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As is known to us all, the Chinese are rather particular about table manners. 正如大家知道的那样，中国人非常讲究餐桌礼仪。
佳句② As the old saying goes，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” 常言道，“只学习不玩耍，再聪明的孩子也变傻。”
2．Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off ...(现在分词短语作结果状语)
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难……
佳句① These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing serious harm to our life and the environment. 当今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很普遍，这对我们的生活和环境造成严重的损害。
佳句② My car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay. 我的车因交通堵塞而受阻，结果延误了。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．He was strict with everybody and in everything he did, which makes him deeply loved and respected.
他对所有人及自己所做的任何事情都严格要求，这让他深受人们的喜爱和尊敬。
2．Such is our teacher, respected and loved by everyone.
这就是我们的老师，受到大家的尊敬和喜爱。
3．Without your help, I couldn't have won the first place in the English Speaking Competition.
没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——道歉信(一)
[题目要求]
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示歉意； 2.说明原因； 3.另约时间。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Bob,
I'm writing to express my sincere apology to you for not going to the bookstore with you at our appointed time. I'm sorry for the inconvenience it may cause you.
The reason why I won't be available at that time is that my grandfather fell ill suddenly yesterday and now he is in hospital. My family are taking turns to take care of him. So I have to stay with him that day. I sincerely hope you can accept my apology. Meanwhile, I would appreciate it if you could allow me to fix another date. If it's convenient for you, shall we meet at 8：00 am next Saturday If not, please keep me informed in advance of what time suits you best.
Sorry again for the inconvenience caused.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学谋篇布局
2．学亮丽开头
开头使用express my sincere apology to you for not ...表达歉意，点明写信缘由，然后再用I'm sorry for the inconvenience it may cause you.再次表示歉意，语言委婉，诚意十足。
3．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：express one's sincere apology to, at one's appointed time, inconvenience, available, take turns, in advance of等。
(2)准确运用复杂句式结构，如：The reason why ...is/was that ...句式；it作形式宾语I would appreciate it if ...；条件状语从句If it's convenient for you；省略句If not；祈使句please keep me informed ...等，都体现了考生过硬的语言功底与灵活的语言运用能力。
4．学精彩结尾
结尾使用了Sorry again for the inconvenience caused.再次表达歉意，语句虽短，但诚意满满。
5．学过渡衔接
衔接词and, so, meanwhile等的恰当运用，使得文章结构严谨，层层递进，读起来朗朗上口。
6．防微点失分
考生容易因主从句意识淡薄把“The reason why I won't be available at that time is that my grandfather ...”中的连接词that漏掉，或把“If it's convenient for you”错误地表达为“If you're convenient”，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary (普通的) people.
2．The boy was sliding (滑行) on the ice, but suddenly he lost his balance and fell down.
3．She is whispering(低语) to him with a mysterious expression on her face.
4．Having friends means that you will have someone to talk to so that you won't feel lonely and depressed (沮丧的)．
5．Elizabeth Fry helped to improve prison conditions and gave the homeless (无家可归的) work and education.
6．As long as we are united, we have no difficulty overcoming (克服) the present situation.
7．He worked throughout (贯穿) the night and the next day.
8．Occasions (时刻) are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．As is known to all，Yuan Longping is an outstanding Chinese scientist in agriculture.
突出的；杰出的
2．But when she put on her costume to perform on the stage，she was filled with confidence. 戏服
3．Some children in mountainous areas in our country still can't go to school because of poverty. 多山的
4．She speaks in a whisper so as not to wake him up. 低语
5．They communicated entirely by gesture that we couldn't understand. 手势
6．We are against any plan to cut down the education budget. 预算
7．He got drunk, and when he woke up he found he still had his shoes on. 喝醉的
8．(熟词生义)Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building. 所含之物
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.It is whispered (whisper) that the mayor has been arrested.
2.He is a failure (fail) as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.
3．Fortunately (fortunate), his mother was very patient and she never gave up helping him.
4．The judge didn't believe his explanation (explain) that he had stolen the money in order to give it to charity.
5．They were dancing and singing on the square, much to the amusement (amuse) of passers by.
6.I admire my English teacher. I can remember very few occasions when she stopped working because of ill health.
7．According to my own understanding, a good teacher is also a good performer (perform) in class.
8．As the work tends to be a bit messy (mess), you'll need to wear old clothes.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．他说那件事的声音太小了，因此我听不见。(whisper)
He said it in a whisper/in whispers, so I couldn't hear.
2．这让我回忆起我母亲对某人死亡的消息是如何反应的。(react)
This made me remember how my mother reacted to the news of someone's death.
3．露西很有幽默感，她的故事总是让她的同事们觉得有趣。(amuse)
Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.
4．地震过后，政府为无家可归的人提供了食物和毯子。(homeless)
After the earthquake，the government provided food and blankets for the homeless.
5．在这样的场合，你应特别注意你的言行举止。(occasion)
You should pay special attention to your behavior on such an occasion.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)It is whispered that ...“据传闻……”。
(2)failure n．[U] 失败；[C]失败的人或事
类似的单词还有：success n．[U]成功；[C]成功的人或事；danger n．[U]危险；[C]危险的人或物；surprise n．[U]吃惊；[C]令人吃惊的事物；pleasure n．[U]愉快；高兴；[C]乐事；趣事。
(3)occasion作定语从句的先行词，如果表示时间，意为“时刻；机会”，关系副词用when；如果表示地点，意为“场合”，关系副词用where。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．content
[明其义]
adj.满足的；满意的 n．满足；内容；目录；所含之物 vt.使满足
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空/替换加黑词汇
①My parents are content to live (live) in the country, where the air is fresh and clean.
②She dropped her purse and the contents (content) fell out on the floor.
③From my point of view, you must not be pleased with (＝be content with/be satisfied with) such a small success.
(2)句式升级
④Those will surely make no difference in life. They content themselves with their present situations.
→Those who are content with their present situations will surely make no difference in life.(定语从句； content adj.)
[解其困]
(1)content 作“所含之物；目录”讲时，常用复数形式。
(2)“对……满意”的常用短语还有：be pleased with; be satisfied with; be happy with。
2．astonish
[明其义]
vt.使惊诧
[通其用]
(1)选词填空(astonishing/astonished)
①Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
②We all felt astonished that he failed in the exam.
(2)一句多译
使我特别惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字。
③Much to my astonishment，she still remembered my name.(astonishment)
④It astonished me that she still remembered my name.(astonish)
3．convince
[明其义]
vt.使信服；使相信
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors round the gallery and I am convinced (convince) that I am qualified for the job.
②Convinced (convince) of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.
③I'm afraid that I can't accept your argument，for you haven't offered enough convincing (convince) evidence.
(2)句式升级
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'm a Chinese college student. I major in Art and I'm studying in London now. I believe that I can be a devoted volunteer.
→I'm a Chinese college student majoring in Art and I'm studying in London now, so I am convinced that I can be a devoted volunteer. (合并升级为分词作定语和so引导的并列句； 升级加黑词)
[解其困]
convince是及物动词，其宾语多为人，而“信服”的内容则可由介词of引出或由that从句充当。
4．direct
[明其义]
vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥 adj.直的；直接的；直率的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly (direct) into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
②At the sound, the birds in the tree flew in all directions.
③If you had read the directions (direct) carefully, some mistakes in the exam would have been avoided.
(2)翻译句子
④我一交上论文就发现我犯了一个错误。
I found I had made a mistake directly I handed in my paper.
[解其困]
“一……就……”表达荟萃：instantly; immediately; directly; the instant; the moment; the minute等。
5．particular
[明其义]
adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的 n．细节；细目
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①He is a very open minded man, and won't be particular about/over these small things.
②This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and in particular it contains a lot of minerals.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)When you attend your friend's dinner party in China, you'd better behave properly, particularly (particular) paying attention to minding your table manners.
(2)补全句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)You are particularly welcome to show up, which will definitely add color and fun to our festival.
特别欢迎你到场，这一定会给我们的节日增添色彩和乐趣。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
cut off， react to， be content with， pick out， star in， pick up， up to now， in particular
1.Everybody thought this young actor would have a bright future after he starred in two films.
2．As the summer vacation is approaching, it's high time that parents picked out some training courses for their children.
3．Don't be too hard on yourself. Being content with what you have is the key to happiness.
4．I mentioned that point in particular，for it was quite important.
5.Up to now, he hasn't found a good way to solve the difficult problem.
6.He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
7．I don't know how Mr Brown will react to the news that his son has won first place in the competition.
8．Mary felt cut off from the outside world, since she lacked an Internet connection and couldn't receive any email.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)star in“在……担任主角；主演”，注意star 的过去式要双写r。
(2)up to now 意为“直到现在”，常与现在完成时连用，可置于句首、句尾或句中。
(3)pick up 此处是“偶然学会”的意思。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．in search of VS search for
比较 ①You can use a directory service to search for people on the Internet. ②It was a place to which genteel families came in search of health and quiet.
辨清 (1)in search of 寻找；寻求(2)search for 搜索；搜寻
2．cut up VS cut down
比较 ①My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down. ②He bought some meat and asked her wife to cut it up to make some dumplings.
辨清 (1)cut down 砍倒；削减；减少(2)cut up 切碎；使伤心；使悲伤
Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义
(写出下列各句中pick out的含义)
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job. 挑出
②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out. 辨别出
③I can't pick out the meaning of the long sentence in this passage. 领会；理解
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)as引导定语从句
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①As the saying goes，“A good beginning is half the battle.”
常言道：“好的开始是成功的一半。”
②This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
这支钢笔和我昨天丢失的钢笔一样。
③As is often the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.
正和学习语言一样，学习普通话也需要大量的练习。
2．句型转换
④This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out.
→This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out.
[解其困]
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。
(2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被the same, such, so等修饰。
(3)在such ...as ...中，as引导限制性定语从句，而such ...that ...中，that引导结果状语从句。
(二)现在分词短语作结果状语
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪持续了一个星期，导致整个地区交通严重混乱。
②They reached the company out of breath, only to be told they were fired.
他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，却被告知被解雇了。
2．句式升级
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)First of all, I speak English fluently. It allows me to communicate with visitors without delay.
→First of all, I speak English fluently which allows me to communicate with visitors without delay. (定语从句)
→First of all, I speak English fluently, allowing me to communicate with visitors without delay. (分词作状语)
[解其困]
(1)现在分词作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。
(2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
(2020浙江7月高考·阅读理解A篇)对接主题：小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]I am an active playgoer and play reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
[2]Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. create a single impression growing out of the theme. point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
[3]Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes① for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
[4]To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture② the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim (变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.,
通句式——句子(1)中“growing out of the theme”为现在分词作定语，修饰impression，可用定语从句“which grows out of the theme”替换。
微点拨——由波浪线(2)句可知，作者认为点明戏剧的中心思想会破坏阅读、讨论和考虑戏剧的乐趣以及剧作家的(原本)效果。本句是第22题解题的信息句。
①拓视野——Pulitzer Prizes
普利策奖也称为普利策新闻奖。1917年根据美国报业巨头约瑟夫·普利策(Joseph Pulitzer)的遗愿设立，后来发展成为美国新闻界的最高荣誉奖。现在，不断完善的评选制度已使普利策奖成为新闻领域的国际最高奖项，被誉为“新闻界的诺贝尔奖”。
②微点拨——名词动用：picture
n．图片；图画；照片，相片
v．想象；设想；描述；用图片显示
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
21．What do we know about the author from the first paragraph
A．He has written dozens of plays.
B．He has a deep love for the theater.
C．He is a professional stage actor.
D．He likes reading short plays to others.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I am an active playgoer and play reader ...sharing my enthusiasm for the theater”可知，作者非常热爱戏剧，对戏剧充满热情，故选B项。
22．What does the author avoid doing in his work
A．Stating the plays' central ideas.
B．Selecting works by famous playwrights.
C．Including various types of plays.
D．Offering information on the playwrights.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays”可知，作者在书中没有指出所收录各部戏剧的中心思想，故选A项。
23．What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays
A．Control their feelings. B．Apply their acting skills.
C．Use their imagination. D．Keep their audience in mind.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“try to picture the play on stage ...audience”可知，作者建议读者在阅读戏剧的时候，要运用自己的想象力，勾勒出舞台上的戏剧场景，故选C项。
24．What is this text
A．A short story. B．An introduction to a book.
C．A play review. D．An advertisement for a theater.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是第一段中的“my best reason for editing this book”和第三段中的“More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.”可推知，本文是作者对自己编辑的一本戏剧集的介绍，故选B项。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第24题考查了学生的逻辑性思维。结合全文内容并根据第三段中的“More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.”可知，本书的最后将提供剧作家的更多信息，由此可推知本文是一本戏剧集的序言。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一本戏剧集的内容，作者以本书编辑和戏剧爱好者的身份讨论了阅读戏剧的重点。文章注重培养学生的文化意识，旨在体现“以文化人，以文育人”的思想。欣赏艺术作品是我们看世界的一个窗口。通过欣赏戏剧艺术作品，可以培养学生的审美意识和审美能力，陶冶学生的情操，增强学生感受美、欣赏美和创造美的能力。文章以此立意，能很好地对学生进行美育教育，同时引导学生传承和发扬中国优秀传统文化，坚定理想信念和爱国主义情怀，切实增强“四个自信”。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The Oxford dictionary is now in its ninth edition (edit)．
2．The book is a collection of stories by women writers.
3．You must place these events in their historical (history) background.
4．The restaurant's menu is based on Hawaiian regional (region) cuisine.
5．An action (act) movie is a film in which a lot of dangerous and exciting things happen.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．We found it hard to picture him as (想象他为……)the father of teenage boys.
2．The popular mass media tends to represent him as (把他描绘为……) an environmental leader.
3．People living in the villages (住在村庄里的) seldom see subways.(现在分词短语作定语)
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
[句式解构] 本句是含有一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是I，谓语动词是have searched。其中不定式短语To do this作目的状语，that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the ones。
[句意翻译] 为了做到这一点，我搜索了数十个剧本，目的是找出我认为最能体现短剧力量和目的的剧本。
2．Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action.
[句式解构] 本句是含有一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是Each play，谓语动词是has。其中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a theme or central idea。
[句意翻译] 每一部戏剧都有一个主题或中心思想，剧作家希望通过对话和表演来传达它。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
学校开展“我最喜爱的一本书”为题的征文比赛，请你写一篇小短文参加比赛。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
On summer vacation of this year, I studied in novel The Old Man and the Sea of Ernest Hemingway, a famous writer of USA. I admire the old fisherman's will in the novel very much, he lets me understand that a person must have determined spirit if he could succeed.
Man is not made for defeat, a man can be destroyed but he can not be defeated. Gently closing the book The Old Man and the Sea, I can't help thinking that it is unavoidable to encounter difficulty, but the most important thing is to face it bravely and have perseverance so that we can learn from failure.
课下主题训练小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①position □ ②profession □
③assistant □ ④engineer □
⑤secretary □ ⑥accountant □
⑦consultant □ ⑧applicant □
⑨cherish □ ⑩interviewer □
candidate □ interviewee □
appointment □ employ □
recommend □ appoint □
develop □ benefit □
hesitation □ topic □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．The secretary general may represent the president at official ceremonies. 秘书长
2．The interviewee can get a chance to show his confidence, working ability and educational background. 参加面试者
3．I cherish each moment I have, although sometimes I don't seem to. 珍惜
4．I have just spent a holiday there and would recommend it to anyone. 推荐
5．That company wanted to hire him as their consultant, but he declined firmly. 顾问
6．He was going to college at night, in order to become an accountant. 会计
7．It's standard practice for a company like this one to employ a security officer. 雇用
8．The main responsibilities of the advisor include helping students to practice their oral English, and organize activities such as singing English songs, English evenings, or lectures on interesting topics. 话题
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional (profession) competence.
2．If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant (assist) to reduce the price.
3．The secretary arranged a convenient time and place for the applicants (apply) to have an interview.
4．While all of them are strong candidates (candidate), only one will be chosen for the post.
5．I have an appointment (appoint) with Dr Smith, but I need to change it.
6．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.
7．It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits (benefit) our work most.
8．I accepted the job without hesitation (hesitate), as it would allow me to show my talent.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Comedy and Psychology
Earlier this year I did a part time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian.I had performed a show, which wasn't originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn't understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.
“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child，” explained Ryan.“Don't try to be clever.Don't try too hard to be funny ...and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That's what people want to see on stage.” Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like，“Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you're the lowest status person here.”
I'd say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse Engineer the Mind.Its main idea is that any self directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault.There's a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we'd be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.
Here's a joke in the book：Two fish are in a tank.One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing？” It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing — that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in — and, just in time，the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong — it's a heavy vehicle.For correctly figuring out the error，we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling.The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction，and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny bone in order to make us laugh.
Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn't help us that much as a comedy.During one exercise in the course，four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, and I brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out of control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I'll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny.But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper.It was a joyous, found moment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了喜剧和心理学之间的关系。
1. Why did the author attend the comedy course
A．He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.
B．He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.
C．He worried about how other performers would find him.
D．He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者参加了喜剧课程，是因为他发现自己在喜剧方面有一定的天赋。故选B。
2. Ryan required the people on the comedy course to .
A．copy their favorite performance
B．imagine other people's reactions
C．help themselves feel comfortable
D．behave in a more playful manner
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much.Just behave in a silly way.That's what people want to see on stage.”可知，Ryan要求喜剧课上的人们以一种更有趣的方式表现。由此可知答案为D。
3. What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To discuss what humor brings about exactly.
B．To give an example of another kind of humor.
C．To prove the point about psychology of humor.
D．To show why some people are funnier than others.
解析：选C 写作意图题。根据第四段最后一句可知，第四段提到笑话的目的是为了证明幽默心理学的观点。故选C。
4. What view does the author put forward in the end
A．Visual humor is what appeals to people most.
B．What people find funny is often unpredictable.
C．Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.
D．Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者认为人们觉得有趣的东西往往是不可预测的。故答案为B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A few years ago，after a long morning of sightseeing in New York, my children and I took a rest on a park bench in Central Park.
“Look！” my son said, 1 (point) to a nearby rubbish bin.That's when we saw a raccoon (浣熊)．Quite feeling at home in the big city, he paid us no attention, concentrating only on finding a 2 (taste) lunch. He sorted through a few options before coming out with a wrapped sandwich 3 (hold) between his paws.
4 (surprise), rather than run away，he jumped down and walked casually to a spot on the path, not a metre from 5 we sat. The children were spellbound, as the raccoon was providing better 6 (entertain) than any museum. He glanced at us, perhaps checking to see 7 we were about to steal his lunch.
8 delicate fingers, he peeled back the layer of plastic wrap until the half eaten sandwich 9 (uncover)．
Then he surprised us all.Instead of starting eating his food, he turned to a nearby pool of water and 10 (dip) his paws in it. With a casual air，he rubbed his paws together underwater for a moment，brushed his fur，and then started gracefully picking at his meal.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了作者与孩子们几年前遇见一只浣熊的经历。
1．pointing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词point与句子的谓语动词said之间没有连词，且point与其逻辑主语my son之间为主谓关系，所以用其现在分词形式作状语。
2．tasty 考查形容词。此处修饰名词lunch，需用其形容词形式，所以填tasty“美味的”。
3．held 考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，hold和其逻辑主语a wrapped sandwich之间是动宾关系，故此处应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。
4．Surprisingly 考查副词。根据句意可知，此处应用其副词形式Surprisingly修饰整个句子。
5．where 考查宾语从句。此处表示“从我们坐的地方”，故填where。
6．entertainment 考查名词。根据空前的“better”可推知，此处应填其名词形式entertainment，意为“娱乐”，是不可数名词。
7．if/whether 考查名词性从句。根据空前的“see”，并结合句意可知，此处应用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句，作及物动词see的宾语。
8．With 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处意为“用”，故填With。
9．was uncovered 考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的“peeled back”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且sandwich与uncover之间为被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．dipped 考查动词的时态。通读全文可知，本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，且根据空前的“turned to”和并列连词“and”可知，此处用一般过去时。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Mr Smith，
I am Li Hua. At this moment, I'm honored to express our sincerely thanks to you in behalf of my classmates.We do appreciate everything what you have done for us.We had been very lucky to have you as our English teacher in the past few years.With your help, everyone has made progresses in both English learning or school life.We have been enjoyed your teaching and guidance a lot.Your humorous stories, big smiles and encouraged words have already rooted in our memories. Since he will leave soon, we wish you pleasant journey back home and a happy life there.We will miss you.Thanks again, Mr Smith.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
答案：
第二句：sincerely→sincere; in→on
第三句：what→that或去掉what
第四句：had→have
第五句：progresses→progress; or→and
第六句：去掉been或enjoyed→enjoying
第七句：encouraged→encouraging
第八句：he→you; you后加a
Ⅳ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的家乡将举行庆祝首个“中国农民丰收节(Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival)”活动，请你写封邮件，邀请你的新西兰朋友Eric来参加，内容包括：
1．活动的时间和地点；
2．活动内容(民俗文化表演、美食品尝及观光活动等)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Eric，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Eric，
How is everything going？I am writing to invite you to participate in the celebrations of the first Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival in my hometown.It will be held on the square from September 22 to September 24, lasting from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm everyday.
The local government will host various activities for the festival, such as folk culture performances, tasty food tasting and sightseeing.If it is convenient for you, you are welcome to visit my hometown.You can have a better understanding of Chinese culture through the activities.I believe that you will have an unforgettable time during the festival.
Looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
25(共78张PPT)
把握主题
Paa.1引出话题:中国及其文化一直是西方创意的灵感源泉
本文是一篇新闻报
举例证明:A+ E Networks全球媒体公司的首席创意官 Amanda hil为中国是设计师灵感的
Para. 2
道。文章以国外视
源泉。
角介绍了中国文化
中国美学深受欢迎:在纽约举办的一场展览旨在探索中国美学对西方时尚的影响以及在数个
Para.3
及中国美学对国际
世纪内中国如何给时尚的创造助力
时尚的影响,展现
Para.4中国在世界上的地位和影响:中国不容忽视,中国模特在国际时尚界的地位举足轻重,中国设计
了中国对国际时尚
师也可与世界顶级设计师分庭抗礼
和设计发展的引领
Para.5总结全文,回扣主题: Amanda h总结了中国成为国际时尚界的引领者
作用。Unit 4 Body language
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．canteen n． 食堂
2．flight n. 飞行；航班
3．cheek n. 面颊
4．dash vi. 猛冲；突进
5．posture n. 姿势；体态
6．crossroads n. 十字路口
7．employee n. 雇员
8．frown vi. 皱眉；蹙额
9．misread vt. 读错；误解
10．facial adj. 面部的
11．fist n. 拳头
12．yawn vi. 打呵欠
13．respectful adj. 恭敬的
14．subjective adj. 主观的
15．rank n. 等级；军衔
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．represent vt. 代表；象征
2．dormitory n. 宿舍
3．approach vt.& vi. 接近；靠近；走近
n. 接近；方法；途径
4．major adj. 主要的；严重的
5．adult n. 成人；成年人
adj. 成人的；成熟的
6．likely adj. 可能的
7．function n. 作用；功能；职能
vi. 起作用；运转
8．ease n. 安逸；舒适
vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
9．false adj. 错误的；假的
10．hug vi.& vt. 拥抱
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．state v．陈述；说明；声明→statement n．陈述；说明；声明
2．greet vi.& vt.迎接；问候→greeting n．问候；招呼
3．associate vt.联想；联系→association n．社团；联系；联想
4．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
5．defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫
6．misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会
7．spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.(反义词)未说出口的；非口语的
8．anger n．怒气； 怒火→angry adj.生气的
9．true adj.真实的→truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→truth n．真实；真理
[语境活用]
1．That you misunderstand somebody is likely to lead to a misunderstanding. (misunderstand)
2．The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)
3．To tell you the truth, I'm truly grateful for your helping me make my dream come true.(true)
4．Entering a supermarket, I was warmly greeted by the greengrocer.His cheery greetings made me feel at home.(greet)
5．I wouldn't want to be associated with the illegal association.(associate)
6．He stated the other day that the statement was not made by him.(state)
7．In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．represent vt.代表；象征；描绘；声称
背词条用法 represent ...as/to be ... 宣称……为……；把……描绘成……represent/on behalf of sb. 代表某人represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明/传达某事
背写作佳句 ①Representing our school, I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.代表我们学校，我很高兴告诉你们一些关于这些活动的情况。②She represents her mother as/to be the kindest mother in the world.她把她的妈妈描绘成世界上最好的母亲。
2．curious adj.好奇的
背词条用法 (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事(2)with curiosity 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇
背写作佳句 ①Chinese students are curious about the school life of American students. 中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。②The little boy, out of curiosity, opened the book. 出于好奇，这个小男孩打开了那本书。
3.approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途径
背词条用法 (1)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物be approaching 临近；靠近(2)an approach to (doing) sth. 接近；近似；(做)某事的方法/途径at the approach of ...(＝with＋n.＋approaching) 在快到……的时候
背写作佳句 ①With the Qixi Festival approaching, many shops are selling items to satisfy the needs of young lovers. 随着七夕节的临近，许多商店出售商品以满足年轻情侣的需求。②At the approach of the rain and the wind, the swallows are busy. 在风雨来临之际，燕子们很是繁忙。③The job market has changed and our approaches to finding work must change as well. 就业市场变了，我们找工作的途径也要改变。
4．defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护
背词条用法 (1)defend ...from/against 保护……以免受defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫(2)in defence of 为了保卫……
背写作佳句 ①Some people think that students should be trained to defend themselves against some attacks. 有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。②All the people，men and women，young and old，were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes. 所有的人，无论男女老少，为了保卫自己的家园，都在与洪水做斗争。
5．major adj.主要的；严重的；重要的n.专业vi.主修
背词条用法 (1)major in 主修(2)in the/a majority 占大多数a/the majority of 大多数……
背写作佳句 ①He had a bitter quarrel with his parents about what he would major in at Stanford. 他与他的父母就在斯坦福大学主修什么专业发生激烈的争吵。②She majors in history. However, the majority of her friends major in science. 她主修历史。然而，她的大多数朋友主修理科。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．defend ...against 防御；保卫……以免受
2．on the contrary 相反
3．at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
4．turn one's back to 背对；背弃
5．as well as 和……一样好；除……之外；也；又
6．be likely to 很可能……；有希望……
7．in general 总的来说；通常
8．lose face 丢脸
9．as if 好像
10．put up 举起；张贴；搭建；留宿
重点短语拓展用活
1．in general总的来说；通常
背相关短语 (1)as a general rule 一般而言；通常generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言(2)on the whole＝to sum up 总的来说as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说in a word 总之in short/brief 简而言之；总之
背写作佳句 ①Peter can be really difficult to deal with at times even though he's a nice person in general. 彼得有时可能确实难以相处，尽管总体来讲他是一个好人。②Generally speaking, the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller. 总体来说，酒后开车的人的数量越来越少。③As a general rule, he did what he could to be helpful. 通常他都尽力给予帮助。
2．at ease舒适；快活；自由自在
背相关短语 (1)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松put sb. at ease 使某人放松take one's ease 休息；轻松一下(2)ease one's mind 使某人安心ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
背写作佳句 ①He didn't feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings. 他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在这样一个时代：更多的信息比以往更容易获取。③I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do. 我通过告诉他做什么使他摆脱了困难。
3．lose face丢脸
背相关短语 (1)in the face of 面对to one's face 当着某人的面face to face 面对面save face 保全面子(2)be faced with 面临face up to 勇于面对/接受……
背写作佳句 ①He will lose face if he doesn't keep his promise. 如果他不遵守诺言，他会丢脸的。②Faced with so much trouble, we still managed to finish the task on time. 面对这么多麻烦，我们仍然设法按时完成了任务。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth.)
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
佳句① Lang Ping, head coach of the Chinese women's volleyball team, has become the first to win gold medals at the Olympics both as a coach and player. 中国女排主教练郎平成为第一位作为教练和运动员获得奥运金牌的人。
佳句② (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)He is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. 他不仅仅是第一个到太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
2．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. (部分否定)
各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
佳句① Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries. 并非所有的身势语在不同的国家都具有相同的意思。
佳句② Not all are willing to do such work, for it is quite hard for some of them. 并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。
3．However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. (be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”)
不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。
佳句① If you study hard, you are likely to be admitted to your dreaming university. 如果你努力学习，你很有可能被你梦想的大学录取。
佳句② In a group discussion, I am more likely to jump in and contribute ideas. 在小组讨论中，我更有可能踊跃参加，出主意。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.
尽管对于肢体语言的解释五花八门，但某些手势语似乎是全球通用的。
2．What are some situations where we need to be very careful about our body language and gestures
在什么样的场合我们需要非常注意我们的肢体语言和手势呢？
3．An actor's body language plays an important part in telling the audience about the character they are playing.
一个演员的肢体语言在告诉观众他们表演的角色时起到很重要的作用。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——道歉信(二)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Mark希望向你了解国画的相关知识，因你临时有事，需要推迟见面时间。请给Mark写一封邮件，说明情况，要点包括：
1．表示歉意并说明原因；
2．重约见面和讨论的时间；
3．推荐其先参观国画展览。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[背范文]
Dear Mark，
I hate to say sorry, but there is a change in my school arrangements. So I'm afraid I won't be able to keep my appointment to discuss Chinese paintings with you. I sincerely apologize to you for any inconvenience caused by the unexpected change. I suggest we put it off until 3 pm next Thursday. Will that be fine by you Good news is that an exhibition of Chinese paintings is to be held this weekend. Works by some nationwide famous painters will be exhibited. A visit will definitely deepen your understanding of Chinese paintings.
Please allow me to say sorry again. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：keep one's appointment, sincerely apologize to, unexpected change, put off, deepen等。
(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：过去分词短语作定语caused by the unexpected change；suggest后接虚拟语气we put it off until 3 pm next Thursday；表语从句that an exhibition of Chinese paintings ...等。这些表达增强了文章的表达效果，是加分的亮点所在。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾先用祈使句Please allow me to say sorry again.再次表达歉意，充满了诚意。最后用Looking forward to your reply.表达了对回复的期待。
3．防微点失分
考生容易把“I sincerely apologize to you”错误地表达为“I sincerely apologize you”，或把any inconvenience误写成any inconveniences，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We often make false (虚假的) impression that we understand something when we do not.
2．Hardly had we left the dormitory (宿舍) the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
3．All the flights (航班) were delayed due to bad weather yesterday.
4．Mr Green greeted (迎接) me warmly as I arrived.
5．Tom is likely (可能的) to come this weekend, so we must make some preparations in advance.
6．It's known that facial (面部的) expressions and body language can express your feelings at the same time.
7．The volleyball fans hugged (拥抱) each other when they heard the exciting news that Chinese team had won the championship.
8．As an adult (成年人), you should be responsible for your own decisions.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．Li Dan was trying to wake up from her sleep.She sat up slowly, yawning with her eyes closed. 打呵欠
2．Try to avoid being subjective and one sided when looking at problems. 主观的
3．Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek. 面颊
4．Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person. 拳头
5．Surely it doesn't matter where the student associations get their money from; what counts is what they do with it. 协会
6．The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body. 作用；功能；职能
7．(熟词生义)Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 处理
8．(熟词生义)They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. 排名
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The teacher often asks us to make use of every chance we get to improve our spoken (speak) English.
2．Second, going outdoors and playing team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger (angry)．
3．Being misunderstood (misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.
4．I noticed he was regarding me curiously (curious)．
5．Soon afterwards he made his first public statement (state) about the affair.
6.She is not an outgoing person and she doesn't let anyone know what she truly (true) felt.
7.Shandong Province produced 50 million pounds of apples this year, ranking (rank) second in China.
8．You could see whether he wants to chat or not from his facial (face) expression and body language.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．散步有助于减轻他的痛苦。(ease)
Walking helped to ease him of his pain.
2．他站在十字路口，不知道该往哪儿走。(crossroads)
He stood at the crossroads, not knowing where to go.
3．说清楚点，否则你会被误解的。(misunderstand)
Speak clearly, or you'll make yourself misunderstood.
4．这部手机运行很好。不管花多少钱，我都要买。(function)
The phone functions well. I'll buy it, no matter how much it costs.
5．他俩从不相互打招呼，表现得好像是陌生人一样。(greet)
The two of them never greet each other and behave as if they were strangers.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)spoken English 是一个名词短语，意为“英语口语”；English speaking是一个形容词，意为“说英语的”。
(2)true的副词形式为truly。
(3)ranking ...此处是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．represent
[明其义]
vt.代表；象征；描绘；声称
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①He represented himself to be (be) a friend of my father's，but now we know the truth.
②The physicist represented his abstract theory to the students in a simple way.
(2)一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)代表我们学校，我非常高兴地告知你有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些详细事宜。
③Representing our school, I'm more than delighted to inform you of some detailed information about the coming volleyball game.
④On behalf of our school, I'm more than delighted to inform you of some detailed information about the coming volleyball game.
[解其困]
represent作“向……描述/表达”讲时，不能直接跟“人”作宾语，常用结构为“represent sth.to sb.”或“represent to sb.sth.”。有类似用法的单词还有explain, suggest, announce, guarantee等。
2．curious
[明其义]
adj.好奇的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①People gathered round, curious to know (know) what was happening.
②They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious) about scientific discoveries.
③Hearing the noise, the boy stopped and looked up to the sky curiously (curious).
(2)补全句子
④Out of curiosity, she slid into the driver's seat to start the car, which was too dangerous.
出于好奇，她溜到驾驶座上发动汽车，这太危险了。
3．approach
[明其义]
vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近 n．接近；方法；途径
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①All the approaches (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.
②I appreciate the professor's new approach to teaching(teach) languages.
(2)句型转换
③As the final exam is approaching, the students are busy preparing for it.
→With the final exam approaching，the students are busy preparing for it.(用with复合结构改写)
[解其困]
注意下面“(做)某事的方法”的正确搭配：
①the approach to (doing) sth.
②the way to do/of (doing) sth.
③the means of (doing) sth.
④the method of (doing) sth.
4．defend
[明其义]
vt.保护；保卫；辩护
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①All the students are educated to defend themselves against bad people.
②When a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend myself (I)．
③The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence (defend) of their country.
(2)补全句子
④It is the nature of parents to do all they can to defend their child from harm and danger.
竭尽全力保护他们的孩子免受伤害和危险是父母的天性。
5．major
[明其义]
adj.主要的；严重的；重要的 n．专业 vi.主修
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①As a matter of fact, he inspired me to major (major) in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
②In that company I once worked, women workers were in the majority.
(2)词汇升级
③Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, most of them are over the age of fifty.(升级加黑词汇)
→Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority of them are over the age of fifty.
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
on the contrary， at ease， as if， put up， as well as， be likely to， in general， turn one's back to
1．I didn't see his face clearly because he turned his back to me.
2．In general, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
3．Look, dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it is likely to rain later on.
4.The pencil case on the desk as well as the bookmarks belongs to my little sister.
5．When the door was opened suddenly, the boy covered his head with his hands, as if in defence.
6.After the doctor's visit, the patient felt more at ease.
7．Their criticism did not discourage me. On the contrary，I worked even harder.
8.We can put up ten people for the night at a pinch (必要时)．
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)as well as此处是“也，又”的意思。
(2)at ease既可作表语，又可作状语。
(3)put up此处是“留宿”的意思。
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．at ease VS with ease
比较 ①He sat in the armchair at ease, dreaming a house like that. ②She won the 400m race with ease in yesterday's game.
辨清 (1)at ease 舒适；悠闲；自在(2)with ease 容易地；不费力地
2.on the contrary VS to the contrary
比较 ①I thought the movie would be terrible, but on the contrary, it was great！②But I couldn't give examples to the contrary.
辨清 (1)on the contrary 与此相反；恰恰相反(2)to the contrary 相反的；相对的
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)the first/last(one/person)to do sth.“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.
她是第一位在里约奥运会上获得金牌的运动员。
②Amy was the only person to witness the car accident.
艾米是唯一一位目睹那场车祸的人。
③The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
2．翻译句子
④我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。
I can speak fluent English and I am the first student in my class to go abroad for further study.
[解其困]
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply, attempt, belief等。
(二)be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①That means the price is likely to go down because of the competition.
这意味着价格可能会因为竞争而下降。
②I have learned that Mr Brown disagrees with you. Your suggestion is unlikely to be accepted under present condition.
我知道布朗先生不同意你的意见。在目前的情况下，你的建议不大可能被接受。
2．一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪，你有可能使你的朋友感到尴尬。
③It is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know China's table manners.
④You are likely to make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know China's table manners.
[解其困]
(1)Sb./Sth. be likely to do sth.
＝It's likely that ... ……做某事是可能的
(2)Sb./Sth. be unlikely to do sth.
＝It's unlikely that ... ……做某事是不可能的
(3)It is probable/possible that ... 可能……
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2019全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解B篇——对接课标主题：跨文化沟通、包容与合作
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
[1]For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative①.
[2]“It's no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A ＋ E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows.
[3]Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works② of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled③ the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
[4] says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty
and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on④ Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs — and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.
[5]For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China — its influences, its direction, its breathtaking⑤ clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”,
①微点拨——形容词用作名词：creative
adj. 创造性的
n. 创意
②微积累——单复数意义不同的名词小结：
work(工作)→works(作品)
manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)
paper(纸)→papers(文件)
art(艺术)→arts(文科)
arm(手臂)→arms(武器)
③微点拨——名词动用：fuel
n. 燃料
v. 刺激；推动
通句式——句子(1)的结构是：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do，其中动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
④微技法——通过联系上下文并结合标点符号猜测词义：
猜测词义时一定要联系上下文，其中的一些词汇或短语能帮助我们猜测生词的词义。破折号起到解释说明的作用，根据破折号后的内容可猜测出take on 的意思，从而得出第26题的正确答案。
⑤微积累——阅读词汇
breathtaking adj.惊人的；激动人心的
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
24．What can we learn about the exhibition in New York
A．It promoted the sales of artworks.
B．It attracted a large number of visitors.
C．It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D．It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”可知，这次在纽约的展览拥有破纪录的出席人数，故选B。
25．What does Hill say about Chinese women
A．They are setting the fashion.
B．They start many fashion campaigns.
C．They admire super models.
D．They do business all over the world.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement”可知，中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者，她们还是这场运动的核心，故选A。
26．What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean
A．learning from B．looking down on
C．working with D．competing against
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词所在句可知，三位中国最优秀的时装设计者在设计和销量方面击败了三位顶尖西方设计师，据此可推知，take on在该句中表示“与……较量”，故选D。
27．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B．A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C．Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D．Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
解析：选D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故选D。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中第27题主要考查学生的概括性思维。文章首段谈到中国文化是西方创造力的源泉，后面的段落主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，并详细展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用，从而概括可得出D项正确。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过A＋E网络公司的首席创意官的评述，介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，旨在强调中国在时尚方面的重要性。这篇文章通过在试题情境中融入中国优秀传统文化和美学知识，引导考生在关注和提高审美情趣的同时，坚定理想信念，增强文化自信，树立正确的价值观。选文贴合时代背景，肯定了中国在国际上的地位，也坚定了文化自信。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．White has always been a symbol of purity in western (west) cultures.
2．Like so many creative (create) people, he was never satisfied.
3．Dream can be a rich source of inspiration (inspire) for an artist.
4．She was offered the leading (lead) role in the new TV series.
5．I am unhappy with the direction (direct) the club is taking.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．In my opinion, a man who is hard to please (难取悦) must be difficult to work with (难共事)．
2．If the sun's activity were to change remarkably, it would have an influence on (对……有影响) global climate.
3．It is acknowledged (人们公认) that education has played an important role in human's development.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world，which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.
[句式解构] 本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns。其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the faces；which引导的是非限制性定语从句，which指代主句所表达的整个内容，means后是一个省略that的宾语从句，破折号后面的句子是对前面内容的解释。
[句意翻译] 中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．展览时间、地点；
2．展览内容。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Henry，
I'm Li Hua.I'm writing to invite you to see the Chinese paper cutting exhibition.It is a Chinese folk art with a long history.
The exhibition will be held in the City Museum, located in the north of our city.It will start from June 16th and last for more than a week.It's said that a large number of paper cut works by experts throughout China will be on show, and some of them are made by famous artists.The paper cuts are about animals, plants, persons and other things.Visiting this exhibition, we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot.
If you're interested in the Chinese folk art, please e mail me.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
课下主题训练跨文化沟通、包容与合作
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①universal □ ②expression □
③gradually □ ④recognize □
⑤frequent □ ⑥enrich □
⑦drag □ ⑧nod □
⑨clap □ ⑩wave □
glance □ observe □
cough □ sigh □
shoulder □ finger □
neck □ wrist □
waist □ palm □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
frequent， shoulder， sigh， palm， enrich， observe， neck， glance， wave， finger
1．The two sisters glance at each other when they come to this spot, and they smile.
2．I waved goodbye and went down the stone harbour steps.
3．He was about to speak but she raised a finger to her lips.
4．There was a big sigh of relief once the economic reform plan was agreed.
5．People with disabilities are now doing many things to enrich their lives.
6．In order to our safety, we should observe these rules.
7．Our factory has frequent contacts with the neighbouring villages.
8．If you want to be promoted, you have to show that you can shoulder the responsibility.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As my little group carried the boxes in, the old woman smiled and nodded (nod)．
2．The audience cheered and clapped (clap) to show their appreciation.
3．Smile is a universal (universally) body language that stands for friendliness.
4．Tired of dragging (drag) your bag through busy airports？Then you might want to consider CX 1, which uses facial recognizing software to follow its owner.
5．I don't show any noticeable symptoms except for a few coughs (cough) here and there.
6．Then wooden castles were gradually (gradual) replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls.
7．The city has been built up really fast；it's changed beyond recognition (recognize)．
8．There are actually seven universal expressions (express) of emotions on the face：happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, contempt and disgust.
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs when they're meeting another person or a group of people.However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr Harry Witchel shows this isn't always the case.
In his research，he asked 44 participants aged 18－35 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong.Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces were video recorded.
After the quiz，the participants were asked to rate their experience using a range of 12 emotions including“bored”，“interested”and“frustrated”．Meanwhile，their facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.
Dr Witchel said：“According to some researchers，a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness or amusement. However, behavioural ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions, meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling. Our study showed that in these human computer interaction experiments, smiling isn't driven by happiness; it is associated with subjective involvement (主观参与), which acts like a social fuel for smiling, even when socialising with a computer on your own.”
Surprisingly, participants didn't tend to smile during the period when they were trying to figure out the answers.However，they did smile right after the computer game informed them if their answer was correct or wrong.Participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong.Dr Witchel added：“During these computerised quizzes，smiling was greatly increased just after answering questions incorrectly.This behaviour could be explained by self ratings of involvement，rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定是快乐的。
1．Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game
A．To make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.
B．To make the answer period last as long as possible.
C．To discover the most intelligent participants.
D．To create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，设计难题的目的是让参与者难以答对题目，故A项正确。
2．What can we infer from what Dr Witchel said in Paragraph 4
A．Other researchers' opinion of a real smile is quite right.
B．Smiles aren't necessarily useful tools in social interactions.
C．Subjective involvement doesn't motivate smiling in social interactions.
D．Witchel's study finding is consistent with behavioural ecology theory.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段尾句可知，试验结果表明，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关；结合第四段第二句可知，行为生态学理论认为，所有的微笑都是社会交往中使用的工具，这意味着快乐对微笑来说既不是必要的，也不是丰富的。据此可以推断，研究的结果与行为生态学理论一致，故D项正确。
3．What do we know about the text
A．Participants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.
B．Participants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.
C．In Dr Witchel's opinion, smiling is connected with subjective involvement.
D．Dr Witchel thinks that a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，Witchel博士认为，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关。故C项正确。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．What Contributes to Real Happiness
B．How to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy
C．Smiling Doesn't Necessarily Mean Happiness
D．People Generally Hold a Wrong View on Happiness
解析：选C 标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合文章第一段第二句可推知，文章陈述了这样的事实：微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定快乐。故C项最适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
After studying Mandarin (普通话) at a university in London, I decided to further develop my language skills in Beijing. My choice of 1 was Hutong School Beijing.
Hutong School Beijing not only 2 language classes but also helps with accommodation, visas, and anything you could 3 need help with. They also organize 4 events, which is nice when you're living somewhere you don't actually 5 anyone.
After a 10 hour flight, I 6 early in the morning. I 7 up my suitcase, made my way to the exit and met the Hutong School Beijing representative. He took me to my 8 ， which was located in Dongzhimen, a really nice and 9 location, only 2 stops to Tian'anmen Square. However, the apartment was not quite as “nice” as 10 on the website. And I just had two 11 ： a German guy who would be there for four months learning 12 ， and a Spanish guy who works for Hutong School Beijing.
After 13 in, the representative took me to 14 with the local police, which you need to do as a “resident”. Then, he took me to Hutong School Beijing to 15 a level assessment, arrange my 16 and take me to meet my teachers.
The school is, well， 17 of what one would expect or is implied by the 18 not actually located in the hutongs, but located on the 15th floor of a skyscraper. Obviously it was less charming but it did 19 for great views.
There, I had a 2 hour private class every day and my teachers were just lovely. Being in China and constantly being completely 20 in Chinese improved my Mandarin so much.
语篇解读：本文介绍了作者在伦敦学习普通话之后，初次来到北京的胡同学校学习汉语的经历和感想。
1．A.agency B．office
C．institute D．class
解析：选C 根据上文可知，作者在伦敦的大学学习普通话之后决定到北京进一步学习，因此可以推断出作者要选择一个教育机构(institute)。空后的“Hutong School Beijing”也提示了作者选择了一个教育机构。故选C。
2．A.serves B．designs
C．operates D．offers
解析：选D 胡同学校不仅提供(offers)语言课程，而且帮助寻找住处、办理签证，以及帮助任何你可能需要帮助的(地方)。
3．A.possibly B．frequently
C．naturally D．hardly
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
4．A.cultural B．academic
C．social D．financial
解析：选C 他们也组织社会活动，当你生活在一个你确实不认识(know)任何人的地方，这是好的。social events意为“社会活动”。故选C。
5．A.meet B．know
C．like D．recognize
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
6．A.stopped B．arrived
C．rested D．waited
解析：选B 10个小时的飞行后，作者一早到达了。故选B。
7．A.put B．caught
C．lifted D．picked
解析：选D 作者拿起了手提箱，走到出口，见到了胡同学校的代表。pick up意为“拿起，捡起”。
8．A.company B．school
C．apartment D．station
解析：选C 根据下文中的“However, the apartment was not quite as ‘nice’ as on the website”可知，此处说的是“公寓(apartment)”，故选C。
9．A.quiet B．plain
C．cheap D．central
解析：选D 根据空后的“only 2 stops to Tian'anmen Square”可知，公寓处于中心(central)位置。故选D。
10．A.presented B．explored
C．sought D．painted
解析：选A 然而，这个公寓并不像网上展示的那样好。故选A。
11．A.teachers B．roommates
C．customers D．classmates
解析：选B 根据上文中提及的“apartment”及空后的“a German guy who would be there for four months learning ， and a Spanish guy who works for Hutong School Beijing”可知，作者在公寓里有两个室友(roommates)。
12．A.Chinese B．German
C．English D．Spanish
解析：选A 由前文可知，作者是来学习汉语的，故室友也是来学习汉语(Chinese)的。故选A。
13．A.bringing B．joining
C．settling D．taking
解析：选C 安顿下来后，这位代表带作者到当地警察局登记，这是作为住户应该做的。settle in意为“安顿下来”。故选C。
14．A.register B．associate
C．negotiate D．connect
解析：选A 参见上题解析。register“登记”。
15．A.study B．pay
C．adapt D．get
解析：选D 然后，他带作者去胡同学校接受水平评估，安排作者的日程表并且带作者去见老师。故选D。
16．A.party B．schedule
C．tour D．report
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
17．A.on the whole B．by the way
C．as a result D．on the contrary
解析：选D 这所学校和所期待的或者它的名字蕴含的意思正好相反，它不在胡同里，而是位于摩天大楼的第十五层。
18．A.name B．representative
C．nature D．teacher
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
19．A.take B．look
C．make D．long
解析：选C 显然，它不那么迷人，但它确实利于观景。故选C。
20．A.lost B．involved
C．stuck D．interested
解析：选B 身处中国并且不断地完全融入汉语(环境)大大地提高了作者的汉语水平。be involved in“参与，置身于”。故选B。
PAGE
25(共73张PPT)
把握主题
Part
Part 2 Part 3: Admission Charges Part 4: Special Events
本文是一篇应用文。文章介
绍了游览霍尔克庄园的游客
How to get to holker
Opening
adults
Producers market holker garden festival
By car, By rail
Times
G
national garden day winter market
须知和四项特别的活动
roupsUnit 5 Theme parks
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．cartoon n． 漫画；动画片
2．fantasy n. 幻想；怪念头
3．carpenter n. 木匠
4．sword n. 剑
5．tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛；(中世纪)骑士比武
6．jungle n. 丛林
7．creature n. 生物；动物
8．brand n. 商标；牌子
9．shuttle n. 往返汽车；航天飞机
10．souvenir n. 纪念品
11．sneaker n. 运动鞋
12．brochure n. (作宣传或介绍用的)小册子；指南
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．theme n. 题目；主题(曲)
2．whichever pron. 无论哪一个；任何一个
3．swing n. 秋千；摇摆
vt.& vi. 摇摆；摆动
4．tourism n. 旅游业
5．wherever adv.& conj. 无论在什么地方；各处
6．unique adj. 独一无二的；仅有的
7．preserve vt. 保存；保留
n. 保护区
8．deed n. 行动；事迹
9．sunlight n. 阳光
10．outing n. 外出；短途旅行；远足
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．vary vt.& vi.使多样化；变化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样性
2．long adj.长的→length n．长度；长→lengthen v．加长
3．settle vt.& vi.安家；定居；解决→settler n．移民；殖民者
4．translate v．翻译→translator n．译员；翻译→translation n．翻译；译文
5．advance vt.& vi.前进；促进；提前n.前进；进步→advanced adj.高级的；先进的
6．admit v．承认→admission n．允许进入；入场费；承认
7．amuse vt.使发笑；使快乐→amusement n．消遣；娱乐(活动)
8．attract vt.吸引→attraction n．有吸引力的事物；吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的
9．minority n．少数；少数民族→majority n．(反义词)多数
10．centre n．中心→central adj.中心的；中央的
[语境活用]
1．With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance.(advance)
2．Some tourist attractions in Beijing attract many foreigners to pay a visit because they are attractive.(attract)
3．There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The variety attracts many customers.(various)
4．The audience was amused by the performance in the amusement park.(amuse)
5．Tom applied for admission to the graduate program at Northwestern University but wasn't admitted into it at last.(admit)
6．As a translator，he is busy translating Chinese into English every day. His translation is so good that he is highly thought of by his boss.(translate)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．various adj.不同的；各种各样的
背词条用法 (1)for various reasons 由于种种原因(2)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的；各种各样的(3)vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
背写作佳句 ①Some of these animals are getting scarce for various reasons. 由于各种原因，这些动物中的一些正变得稀少。②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)There will be a wide variety of activities to make this unforgettable occasion. 将有各种各样的活动来庆祝这个难忘的时刻。③However, views on this issue vary from person to person. 然而，对这个问题不同的人有不同的看法。
2.amusement n．消遣；娱乐(活动)
背词条用法 (1)to one's amusement 让某人感到愉快的是in/with amusement 愉快地；津津有味地(2)amuse oneself with/in 以……自娱(3)be amused at/by 因……而乐
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) We were amused at what we learned on the farm today. 我们因今天在农场里学到的东西而开心。②You can collect information as well as amuse yourself in reading. 你可以通过阅读获得信息，也可以从中自娱自乐。③To my great amusement, his false beard fell off. 使我感到极其好笑的是，他的假胡子掉下来了。
3．preserve vt.保护；维护；保存；保留 n．保护区
背词条用法 preserve ...from ... 保护……免受……be (well/strictly) preserved 被(很好/严格地)保存
背写作佳句 ①They were determined to preserve their students from harm. 他们决心保护他们的学生免受伤害。②I think these interesting old customs should be preserved. 我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保留下来。
4．advance vt.& vi.前进；促进；提前n.前进；进步；预先
背词条用法 (1)advance on/upon/towards 朝……前进be advanced to 被提拔为……(2)in advance 预先；提前in advance of 在……前面；超过……make advances in 在……方面取得进步
背写作佳句 ①As long as you firmly advance towards the goal, you'll succeed in time. 只要你坚定地朝着目标前进，你最终会成功。②To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车，而且起床很早。③China has made great advances in science and technology in the past decade. 在过去十年里，中国在科技方面取得很大进步。
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．be famous for 以……而闻名
2．be familiar with 对……熟悉
3．come true 实现
4．no wonder 难怪；不足为奇
5．have fun 玩得高兴
6．be modelled after 根据……模仿；仿造
7．face to face 面对面
8．get close to 接近；靠近
9．come to life 活跃起来；苏醒过来
10．in advance 提前
11．as well as 除……之外；还……；和
12．take part in 参加
重点短语拓展用活
1．no wonder难怪；不足为奇
背相关短语 No wonder (that) ...＝It's no wonder (that) ... 难怪……；……不足为奇It's a wonder that ... 奇怪的是……in wonder 惊讶地I wonder whether (if)/when/why/how ...我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
背写作佳句 ①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)No wonder you are confused about our table manners, for it is the first time that you have been to China. 因为你第一次来中国，难怪你对我们的餐桌礼仪感到困惑。②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I wonder if you'd like to give us some advice on how to improve our short play. 我想知道您是否愿意给我们一些关于如何改进我们的短剧的建议。
2．get close to接近；靠近
背相关短语 (1)be close to 靠近；接近于……keep a close eye/watch on 严密监视；密切注视(2)be closely connected with 与……有密切联系
背写作佳句 ①As we all know, getting close to nature is beneficial to our health. 众所周知，接近大自然对我们身体健康有益。②These festivals are closely connected with history. 这些节日都与历史密切相关。
3．come to life活跃起来；苏醒过来
背相关短语 (1)come to (oneself) 苏醒过来come back to life 苏醒过来；复活when it comes to ... 当谈及……(2)bring sth.(back) to life 使……生动；使……恢复生机
背写作佳句 ①When the children heard that their teacher came to life, the whole class came to life at once. 当孩子们听说老师苏醒过来时，整个班立刻活跃了起来。②After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to bring the village (back) to life. 地震后，村民们尽力使村庄恢复生机。③When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为它是一个终身学习的过程。
二、背佳句与佳作
(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”
教材内句式举一反三
1．Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you！(“疑问词＋ ever”引导让步状语从句)
无论你喜欢哪一个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园！
佳句① Whichever book you borrow, you must return it in a week. 你无论借哪一本书，都必须在一周内归还。
佳句② (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Whatever difficulties she encounters in teaching, she doesn't give up. 无论她在教学中遇到什么困难，她都不放弃。
2．Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. (not only ...but also ...“不但……而且……”)
“观测未来”主题公园不仅仅适合个人，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合。
佳句① (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I learned from this experience that not only does Dad take care of our health, but he also teaches us how to be good citizens. 我从这次经历中学到：爸爸不仅关心我们的健康，而且还教我们如何做一个好公民。
佳句② (2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The exhibition not only shows paper cuttings in different regions, but also presents to us the history and development of paper cutting in China. 这次展览不仅展示了不同地区的剪纸，而且还向我们展示了中国剪纸的历史和发展。
同主题佳句熟读成诵
1．Besides/In addition, you can enjoy/appreciate wonderful performances at the theme park.
另外，你可以在主题公园里欣赏精彩的表演。
2．I can't wait to tell you something about the famous Tang Paradise in Xi'an.
我迫不及待向你介绍西安著名的大唐芙蓉园的一些情况。
3．It covers an area of 1,000 mu, including 300 mu of water area, and the construction of it costs 1.3 billion yuan.
它占地面积为1 000亩，其中水域面积为300亩，它的建设共耗资13亿元。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——道歉信(三)
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你在上一封信中邀请Dr Brown参加你们的毕业晚会，但你告知他的时间和地点是错误的。请给Dr Brown写一封道歉信，要点如下：
1．为自己的失误道歉；
2．告知其正确的时间和地点；
3．希望Dr Brown能来。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。
Dear Dr Brown，
Yours，
Li Hua
[背范文]
Dear Dr Brown，
I am terribly sorry for making a mistake in my last letter, in which I invited you to our graduation party. Due to my carelessness, I provided a wrong time and location. I'm writing to apologize for it and inform you of the correct information.
The graduation party is going to be held at 7：30 pm on June 30th in the school lecture hall, where we usually have the staff meeting. All the participants are advised to arrive a few minutes earlier so that we can start on time. Since you are the most popular foreign teacher in our school, your presence will be greatly appreciated. Would you please let me know whether you can come or not We will be more than delighted if you can spare some time from your busy schedule.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[学亮点]
1．学高级表达
(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：terribly, due to, inform ...of ..., participant, presence, more than delighted等。
(2)准确运用复杂句式结构，如：非限制性定语从句in which I invited you to our graduation party和where we usually have the staff meeting；目的状语从句so that we can start on time；原因状语从句Since you are the most ...；宾语从句whether you can come or not等。这些都为文章增色不少，值得体会和借鉴。
2．学精彩结尾
结尾用了书信的常用结尾Looking forward to your early reply.表达了对回复的期待心情。
3．学过渡衔接
考生恰当使用了and, so that, since等衔接词，使文章富有条理性，语意连贯，上下文衔接自然。
4．防微点失分
考生容易因忽略被动语态把“The graduation party is going to be held at 7：30 pm on June 30th ...”中的to be held错误地表达为to hold，或在“All the participants are advised to arrive a few minutes earlier ...”中的arrive后多加介词at/in，从而导致失分。
学案(一) 重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识
[全面练——练清易错微点]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．DNA is different from person to person — it's unique (独特的) to each person.
2．We have read your brochure(小册子) and found your products very interesting.
3．They were the settlers (移民) from the south and at first they didn't get used to the life here.
4．The country depends on tourism (旅游业) for much of its income.
5．Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central (中心的) to its movement.
6．The theme (主题) of the show is environmental protection.
7．Plants will grow almost in any place where there is plenty of air, water, sunlight (阳光) and warmth.
8．You know, deeds (行动) are much better than words when people are in need of help.
Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思
1．A carpenter is a craftsman whose job is making and repairing wooden things. 木匠
2．In the Disneyland，you will see many interesting cartoon characters, such as Snow White or Mickey Mouse. 动画片
3．We dived into the sea and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange and blind creatures. 生物
4．Before we ended our trip, the guide persuaded us to buy as many souvenirs as possible in the shop. 纪念品
5．(熟词生义)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved. 提出
6．(熟词生义)With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.
景点
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Much to our amusement, no one appeared at the party.
2.The wind blew so hard just now that the branches swung (swing) rapidly from side to side.
3．As a new settler (settle), Mr Li hasn't adapted to the new surroundings yet.
4．The Silk Road has a length (long) of more than 4,000 kilometers and a history of 2,000 years.
5.A minority of the children are (be) longing for a dance, but the majority prefer a picnic.
6．At the meeting, the people present expressed their various (vary) opinions.
7．The central (centre) theme of this novel is the desire for the beauty of nature.
8．Her admission (admit) to Tsinghua University delighted her parents a lot.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．他喜欢在业余时间出去郊游。(outing)
He is fond of going out for an outing in the spare time.
2．这种友好和谐的氛围是我们公司独有的，你在其他任何地方都体验不到。(unique)
This kind of friendly and harmonious atmosphere is unique to our company, and you can't experience it in any other place.
3．现在正在建造的桥有500米长。(length)
The bridge being built now is 500 metres in length.
4．每次我听到这个故事，就忍不住哭。(whenever)
Whenever I hear the story, I cannot help crying.
5．你喜欢哪个就选哪个。(whichever)
You can pick whichever one you like.
名师点拨“一站清”
(1)短语“令我们感到极其好笑的是”的常用表达：much to our amusement/to our great amusement。
(2)swing：现在分词 swinging; 过去式 swung ；过去分词swung。
(3)①the minority单独作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
②“a/the minority of ＋可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
[重点练——深化高频考点]
1．various
[明其义]
adj.不同的；各种各样的
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①There are varieties (variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn't include English words.
②The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages vary from 10 to 15.
(2)词汇/句式升级
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well equipped facilities.
→Our school has built a new stadium, which has various/varieties of/a variety of well equipped facilities. (升级加黑词；定语从句)
[解其困]
a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2．preserve
[明其义]
vt.保护；维护；保存；保留 n．保护区
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Social activities usually preserve old people from the loneliness of old age.
②Some suggestions are made at the meeting that these traditional customs (should) be preserved(preserve) and handed down one generation after another.
③The local government has built a nature preserve to protect these endangered animals.
(2)一句多译
成立这个组织是为了保护濒危物种免遭灭绝。
④The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from dying out. (preserve)
⑤The organization was set up to protect endangered species from dying out. (protect)
[解其困]
preserve(保存), reserve(保留；预订), conserve(保护；节省), deserve(应受；值得)这四个词有相同的词根 serve。
3．advance
[明其义]
vt. & vi.前进；促进；提前 n．前进；进步；预先
[通其用]
(1)单句语法填空
①This research has done much to advance (advance) our understanding of language learning.
②Having shown you around our school，we will introduce our most advanced (advance) science lab to you.
③It is known to us that we have made advances (advance) in the space technology in the past ten years.
(2)翻译句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。
I'd appreciate it if you could let me know whether you are available or not in advance/ahead of time.
[解其困]
(1)advance vt.不与forward连用；
(2)enter (进入)不与into连用；
(3)return (回来)不与back连用。
学案(二) 词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力
[词块的验收盘点]
Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空
come true， take part in， get close to， be modelled after， come to life， be famous for， in advance， no wonder
1．You drank too much last night. No wonder you have got a headache.
2．If you want to see the film next Sunday, you'd better book the ticket in advance.
3．Scotland, which is famous for its beautiful countryside, has many lakes and mountains.
4.The match came to life in the final minutes of the second half.
5．You shouldn't stay at your office all day; getting close to nature is good for your health.
6.Your dream will come true sooner or later as long as you do your best.
7．Taking part in our activities means you get to do all sorts of things including building a fire, which you wouldn't normally be allowed to do at home.
8.His funny way of speaking is modelled after a famous actor in our country.
(1)come to life为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，一般不用于进行时。
(2)come true 是不及物动词短语，不用被动语态和进行时。
(3)在短语“be modelled after”中after表示“依据；依照”，有类似用法的短语还有be named after“以……命名”等。名师点拨“一站清”
Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较
1．be famous to VS be famous as VS be famous for
比较 ①He is famous for his skills in playing football. ②Virginia is famous as the birthplace of several USA presidents. ③The pop star is famous to young people.
辨清 (1)be famous for因……而出名(for后常接表示特点、特长等的词) (2)be famous as作为……而出名(as后常接表示身份、职业等的词) (3)be famous to为……所熟知(to后常接表示人的词)
2.in length VS at length
比较 ①Measuring more than 6,000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the longest wall in the world. ②We have already discussed this matter at length.
辨清 (1)in length 在长度上(2)at length 详尽地；最后；终于
[句式的验收盘点]
(一)“疑问词＋ ever”引导让步状语从句
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①Whenever/No matter when I'm unhappy, it is my friends who cheer me up.
每当我不开心的时候，都是我的朋友让我振作起来。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Whoever is interested in watching the coming volleyball game against Yucai Middle School should book the ticket in advance.
有兴趣观看即将到来的与育才中学的排球比赛的人应提前预订门票。
2．一句多译
无论你走哪一条路都会到车站。
③Whichever road you take, it will lead you to the station.
④No matter which road you take，it will lead you to the station.
[解其困]
(1)whichever, who(m)ever, whenever, wherever, however, whatever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时，疑问词＋ ever与“no matter＋疑问词”可以互换。但引导名词性从句时，疑问词＋ ever不可与“no matter＋疑问词”互换。
(2)英语中why, whether不能和ever构成whyever, whetherever的形式。
(二)not only ...but also ...“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分
[通其用]
1．补全句子
①Not only Tom but also his classmates are coming to visit museums.
不只是汤姆，他的同学也要来参观博物馆。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot in this paper cutting exhibition.
在这次剪纸展览上，我们不但能欣赏到民间艺术作品，而且会学到很多。
2．句型转换
③As we all know, reading classics can not only improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.
→As we all know, not only can reading classics improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.(倒装句)
[解其困]
(1)not only ...but also ...用于连接两个并列成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)若连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，含not only的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词的单复数通常与就近的主语保持一致。
(4)遵循就近一致的还有：not ... but; neither ... nor; either ...or ...; there be等。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2018全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：重要国际组织与社会公益机构
(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力 (语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark in Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday－Friday (closed on Saturday) 11：00 am－4：00pm, 30th March－2nd November.
Admission Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults： ￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups： ￡9.00 ￡5.50
Special Events
Producers' Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day 28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged③. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live④ music show and nice street entertainment.,
①微技法——运用快速定位法解题：
对于此类应用文试题多考查细节理解题，做题时可以根据题干中的关键词，从原文中找到相关句子，答案自现。不必阅读全篇，节省大量时间。
第21和23题都可以运用此方法解题。
②微技法——数字计算题类型及解题技巧：
?选择型：筛选出与文中细节对应的答案。
?运算型：理解各数字之间的关系并弄清题干所指的具体问题。
?转换型：文中对数字的表达与题目要求中的表达方式不同，如把具体的年份转换成某个世纪等。
?范畴型：文中给出数字范围，题目要求找出最高/低值等。
第22题属于第二种类型。可以结合题干筛选出与文中细节对应的答案。
③构词法——disadvantaged
词源：advantage n．优势；有利条件
dis ＋advantage→disadvantage n．缺点；不利条件
disadvantaged adj.弱势的；社会地位低的
the disadvantaged 弱势群体
④微积累——熟词生义：live
v．生活，居住 (熟义)
adj.现场直播的 (生义)
[理脉络——内化读文规律]
(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意
[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]
21．How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester
A．20 minutes. B．25 minutes.
C．45 minutes. D．90 minutes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段How to Get to Holker部分中的“By Car: ...Approximate travel times: ... Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes.”可知，游客从曼彻斯特开车到霍尔克庄园大约用一个半小时，也就是90分钟。故选D。
22．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens
A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.
C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章的Admission Charges部分中Hall & Gardens一列与Groups一行的交叉点可知，旅游团的一个成员游览Hall & Gardens所需要的费用为￡9.00。故选B。
23．Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show
A．Producers' Market. B．Holker Garden Festival.
C．National Garden Day. D．Winter Market.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段Winter Market部分中的“Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.”可知，如果想看现场的音乐演出，你就去Winter Market。故选D。
[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]
一、发展思维品质
文中的3个题目都是考查考生的跨跃性思维，此类主题的文章常常在高考中以应用文的形式出现，从历年高考真题来看，设题一般是细节理解题，特别是直接信息题，得分率相对较高，因此“从题到文”的做题方法常常是考生的首选，跨跃性思维在解决这类问题中起到了关键作用。如：第21题的题干给我们提供了以下三个信息：需要的时间，开车，从曼彻斯特来，根据这三个信息，可在第一段找到答案。
二、聚焦核心价值
本文是一篇应用文。本文通过介绍了游览霍尔克庄园的游客须知和四项特别的活动，旨在引导学生具备参与社会活动的意识，鼓励学生置身于真正的社会活动中，增进对各地文化和习俗的了解，丰富人文知识，感悟社会公益活动的意义，从而做到外化于行，内化于心。积极参与社会公益组织，造福于全人类是每个人的责任和义务。
(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was monitored in the recovery room for approximately (approximate) two hours after the operation.
2．We don't have to spend a fortune to give our family tasty (taste) and healthy meals.
3．One of the disadvantages (advantage) of the area is the lack of public transport.
4．The majority (major) of people interviewed prefer smartphone to TV.
5．There will be live entertainment (entertain) at the party.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．We're collecting money in aid of (用以援助) the poor children in this area.
2．I was inspired to make a donation (捐赠) to the organization after dinner.
3．Students can take a tour of (参观) the museum, in school groups or by themselves.
Ⅲ.分析长难句
1．The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
[句式解构] 本句是一个简单句。句子整体为主谓宾结构。其中介词短语with a great show of ...在句中作定语，修饰名词anniversary；现在分词短语making it one of ...在句中作结果状语。
[句意翻译] 这项活动通过展示它最好的园艺，庆祝其成立22周年，这使它成为园艺界最受欢迎的活动之一。
2．Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
[句式解构] 本句是一个主从复合句。主句是一个祈使句。其中while引导时间状语从句，且使用了省略形式。
[句意翻译] 漫步在琳琅满目的礼品店之间，同时享受着现场音乐表演以及超棒的街头狂欢。
Ⅳ.主题语境写作
假定你是李华，暑假期间参观了上海迪士尼乐园(Shanghai Disney Resort)。请你给校报英语角栏目写一篇稿件。内容包括：
1．地理位置(位于上海市浦东新区川沙镇)；
2．主要娱乐项目。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Shanghai Disney Resort, located in Chuansha Town, Pudong New District, is one of the six Disney theme parks in the world.It is one of the most unique places in Shanghai.There are many attractions for amusement and thrill.There will be parades every hour, and it makes the kids feel as if they were in the fairy tale world.All the cartoon characters are modeled after those in the tales.There are seven parts in the resort where you can not only entertain yourself but also eat and shop.It is so crowded on weekends and no wonder that most of the tourists have to book tickets online in advance.
课下主题训练重要国际组织与社会公益机构
一、主题语基拓展练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①fountain □ ②museum □
③palace □ ④castle □
⑤situated □ ⑥gallery □
⑦temple □ ⑧statue □
⑨exhibition □ ⑩admit □
charge □ performance □
hold □ book □
accessible □ carnival □
arrangement □ relaxation □
construction □ cover □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思
1．The castle was originally surrounded by some walls, all of which remain. 城堡
2．Several women knelt down before the statue of Buddha and prayed. 塑像
3．He bought this painting in a gallery near the museum. 美术馆
4．The audience was fascinated by their superb performance. 表演
5．I can't wait to the time of the beside carnival comings to town. 狂欢节
6．The palace contains many art treasure. 宫殿
7．A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free — but you will be charged if your home gets picked. 收费
8．The beautiful park is situated on the west of the lake. 位于
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The majority of galleries and all special exhibitions (exhibit) are fully accessible.
2．Mike，do you know that my sister Amy was admitted (admit) to Beijing University last year
3．We all took part in the ceremony held (hold) in our school.
4．Train tickets can be booked (book) online a minimum of 35 minutes and a maximum of 60 days before departure.
5．It was once only accessible (access) by that top opening, but there is now easy access through a side path for visitors.
6．I'm glad to hear you will spend the Spring Festival with my family! Now I'm going to tell you our arrangements (arrange)．
7．Many high school students in the United States get training in construction (construct) skills by building real houses.
8．Yoga，as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation (relax)．
二、主题语篇押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Finding a mountain goat resting on a cliff (悬崖) might thrill many of the millions of tourists who visit Wyoming's Grand Teton National Park every year, but park officials say it might be time for the bearded animals to go.
The problem, according to the park, is that Grand Teton's 100 or so mountain goats threaten about 80 bighorn sheep. The bighorn sheep numbered as many as 125 just a few years ago. The strong goats spread disease and compete with bighorn sheep for food. Unlike small sized bighorn sheep，Grand Teton's mountain goats aren't native to the park. They were introduced to the park in the 1960s.
Grand Teton spokeswoman Denise Germann said，“We've got a management responsibility to protect the native species. After hearing from the public on the proposal (提议) in January, park officials expect to decide as soon as mid February on what to do about the mountain goats.”
The goats are reproducing rapidly. Now might be the best time to reduce the animals before they're too many to bring under control, according to the Park Service.
One wildlife biologist who studies bighorn sheep praised the proposal.“Mountain goats' original habitat is nowhere close to where they've been introduced in the US to provide hunting opportunities，” said Rob Roy Ramey Ⅱ，with Nederland, Colorado based Wildlife Science International, Inc.
“Wildlife managers should get rid of mountain goats not only in Grand Teton but elsewhere to help struggling bighorn sheep. Unfortunately, state wildlife agencies sell non native wildlife viewing opportunities to the public，” Ramey said. “This is not a zoo in the wilderness. It should really be for native wildlife.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大蒂顿公园引进的石山羊品种威胁了当地大角羊的生存。
1．What can be learnt about the bighorn sheep in the park
A．Their size is huge.
B．Their number is decreasing.
C．They arrived in the 1960s.
D．They threaten local species.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“mountain goats threaten about 80 bighorn sheep”“The bighorn sheep numbered as many as 125 just a few years ago.”可知，现在大角羊有80只，几年前多达125只，因此公园里大角羊的数量在减少。
2．How did the public help park officials protect the bighorn sheep
A．By providing suggestions.
B．By driving away mountain goats.
C．By volunteering in the park.
D．By taking over Grand Teton National Park.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After hearing from the public on the proposal (提议) in January”可知，公众对此事提出了建议。
3．What is Germann's attitude towards the bighorn sheep
A．Curious. B．Proud.
C．Surprised. D．Concerned.
解析：选D 观点态度题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“We've got a management responsibility to protect the native species.”可推知，Germann对大角羊是关心的。
4．What was the purpose of bringing in mountain goats in the beginning
A．To offer hunting chances.
B．To sell non native wildlife.
C．To satisfy wildlife managers.
D．To increase diversities of sheep.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，引进石山羊的最初目的是提供狩猎机会。
B
While elephants born without tusks (长牙) are not unheard of, they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country's conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, le, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.
Poole says before the country's 15 year long conflict, the park was home to over 4,000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to get money. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the park's tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.
This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambia's South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants 25 years old or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory.
The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce elephant hunting. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the trend.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象出生时就没有长牙。大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得珍贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断地猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。
5．What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．Illegal hunting. B．Constant farming.
C．A pure coincidence. D．Natural evolution.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段尾句可知，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以获取珍贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提到的现象的可能原因是非法猎杀大象，故A项正确。
6．Why did people kill so many elephants during the conflict in Mozambique
A．To get money by selling ivory.
B．To develop new decorations.
C．To provide food for local people.
D．To make ivory products.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，人们猎杀大象是为了通过销售象牙来获得钱，故A项正确。
7．Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants
A．Gorongosa National Park.
B．South Luangwa National Park.
C．Ruaha National Park.
D．Lupande Game Management Area.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句和第三段可知，Ruaha国家公园是最早记录无长牙雌象的地区，故C项正确。
8．What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Elephants facing greater danger.
B．Elephants growing more slowly.
C．Fewer female elephants staying alive.
D．More female elephants being tuskless.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据尾段第二句可知，科学家们并不确定对拥有较高比例无长牙雌象的大象们来说需要多长时间才能改变这种趋势。据此可推知，画线词指代“更多的雌象没有长牙”，故D项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000 pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine. 1 .
So how do the trainers at Sea World do it The first thing they do is reinforce (强化) the behavior that they want repeatedly — in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope. 2 ， in a position where the whale can't help but do what's expected of it. Every time the whale goes over the rope, it's given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish. But what will happen when the whale goes under the rope Nothing — no criticism, no warnings and no feedback. 3 .
Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results. And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often, the trainers begin to raise the rope. It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesn't starve.
4 . Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently. Secondly, under criticize. People know they need help when they mess up. 5 ， people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.
So we need to set up the circumstances so that people can't fail. Over celebrate, under criticize ... and know how far to raise the rope.
A．This is a great challenge
B．And the whale stays right where it is
C．If we figure out a way to motivate the whale
D．They start with the rope below the surface of the water
E．If we under criticize, punish and discipline less than expected
F．Whales are taught that their negative behavior won't be acknowledged
G．The simple lesson learned from the whale trainers is to over celebrate
语篇解读：在驯兽师的训练下，体型庞大的鲸能跃出水面进行跳绳表演。驯兽师训练鲸的秘诀是：如果鲸完成被要求的动作，则给它奖励；如果没有完成被要求的动作，则不给出任何反馈，以此让它知道这样的行为是得不到认可的。
1．选A 根据空处所在位置可知，空处起着承上启下的作用；由空处上文可知，在驯兽师的训练下，鲸能跃出水面22英尺进行跳绳表演；据此可推知，这是一个很大的挑战，故A项正确。
2．选D 根据空前一句可知，驯兽师训练鲸的第一步是反复强化他们想要让鲸做的动作，在这种情况下，让鲸跳绳；由此可推知，此处表示开始时，他们会将绳子放在水中，故D项正确。
3．选F 根据上文可知，如果鲸完成被要求的动作，则会得到鱼作为奖赏；如果鲸没有完成被要求的动作，则不批评、不警告，也不给它反馈，由此可推知，这样做是为了让鲸知道，如果它没有完成被要求的动作就得不到认可，故F项正确。
4．选G 根据空后一句“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently”和尾段第二句中的“Over celebrate”可推知，在训练鲸的过程中，当它完成了被要求的动作时我们应当多赞扬，故G项正确。
5．选E 根据上文中的“Secondly, under criticize”可知，该处讲的是从驯兽师那里学到的第二个道理：少批评；据此可推知，此处讲的应是“少批评”的好处，故E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
An amusement park or theme park is a group of entertaining 1 (attract), rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of various people.For many, there's only one good reason 2 (go) to an amusement park：the roller coaster.Others, however, would rather hide behind the closest candy stand 3 go near a coaster.
Roller coasters often appeal to (吸引) kids whose lives are 4 (bore), stressful or controlled, an expert says.“The summers 5 kids could be kids and float down a river in an inner tube are over.Roller coasters are a way of 6 (break) out of routines (常规) in which too much 7 (expect) of you by others in everyday life.You can let go and scream and shout or do whatever you want.” Attendance at amusement parks shows many adults feel 8 same way.
9 (compare) with skateboarding, extreme mountain biking, and other adventure sports, riding roller coasters is safe.Parents 10 (general) don't mind when kids go on coasters.Roller coasters also bring people together.Riders share the thrill and adventure of surviving what feels like an extreme experience.
语篇解读：本文介绍了娱乐公园或主题公园里的一个娱乐项目——过山车。
1．attractions 考查名词。设空处作宾语，表示“吸引人的事物”，且其前有a group of限定，故填attractions。
2．to go 考查非谓语动词。reason后接带to的不定式作定语，故填to go。
3．than 考查连词。would rather do ...than do ...意为“宁愿做……也不愿做……”，故填than。
4．boring 考查形容词。设空处作表语，说明孩子们的生活的样子——单调的，无聊的，故填boring。
5．when 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词summers，且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
6．breaking 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词of的宾语，故填breaking。
7．is expected 考查时态和语态。由“by others”可知，too much与expect之间是被动关系，且由“in everyday life”可知，此处描述的是一般情况，故填is expected。
8．the 考查冠词。feel the same way表示“感觉一样，有同样的感觉”，故填the。
9．Compared 考查非谓语动词。compared with/to ...意为“与……相比较”，故填Compared。
10．generally 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语动词，故填generally。
PAGE
25
