2022届高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致语法知识点归纳练习讲义学案（含答案）

2022届高考英语语法综合复习讲义
主谓一致语法知识点归纳练习
（含答案与解析）
01.
最基础
02.
A and B
一般情况下，由 and 连接的2个名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。比如：
Mary and Max were best friends.
但今天我们要讲的是特殊情况 ↓
习惯上，我们把刀叉、针线看作一个整体。
来，活动一下脑子 ↓
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1）The leading vocalist and the guitarist _______(have) come to the celebration banquet.
2）The leading vocalist and guitarist _______(have) come to the celebration banquet.
注意观察，在 the leading vocalist and guitarist 中，只有一个 the，指那个人既是乐队主唱又是吉他手，例如 Beyond 的黄家驹（如果没听说过他，说明你太年轻）
03.
集体名词
针对「主谓一致」，集体名词大致可以分为2类：
马上操练 ↓
His family ______ always quarreling among ______.
A. is，itself
B. are，themselves
C. is，themselves
解析：B
能吵起来的，不是“家庭”这个抽象概念，而是组成这个家的一个个相爱相杀的人。一家至少2个人，所以谓语用复数。
04.
就近原则
顾名思义，就是谓语动词的数跟离它最近的主语保持一致。
▼ 延伸：either of & neither of
让我康康你认真听课了没有 ↓
Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is
解析：B
四个字：就近原则
05.
就远原则
没想到吧，有就近，还有就远～
就远原则，即谓语动词的数跟离它远的那个主语保持一致。
不用管主语后面拖的一串词组，看主语就够了：主语如果是单数，谓语动词就用单数；主语是复数，谓语也用复数。
比方说：
跑个题：刘姥姥前前后后进过荣国府5次吧，后面3次有没有带上板儿不清楚。索性写这确定的前两次。
做题啦做题啦 ↓
1）No one in the department but Tom and I ______ that the director is going to resign.
A. knows B. know
C. have known D. am to know
2）The father as well as his three children ______ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go
C. goes D. are going
解析：
1）A
仔细观察题干，定位能下手的关键词。
找到 but 后就简单了：就远原则。所以，谓语动词要跟 but 前面的主语 —— no one 保持一致。
2）C
考查主谓一致和「一般现在时」。
分别定位关键词：
① as well as（也，还有）词组出现在主语部分，不重要，无视它。根据“就远原则”，找离谓语动词远的那个主语，也就是 the father，这样就知道谓语用单数；
② 根据时间状语 every Sunday afternoon in winter（冬日里每周天的下午），可见这一家子去溜冰的时间很有规律，溜冰属于经常性、习惯性的动作，所以用「一般现在时」goes。
06.
every / each + 单数可数名词
▼ 延伸：
值得注意的是，第 ② 种和第 ③ 种情况中的 each 可以互换，但谓语的单复数有区别：
来做题 ↓
— Did you go to the show last night
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.
A. were B. have been
C. has been D. was
解析：D
考察 every…and… 主谓一致和时态。
由 every 修饰的主语，就算由 and/ or 连接，谓语动词也还是用单数。
再看时态，问题中的 Did 和 last night 是切入点，这题最好用「一般过去时」。
07.
many a + 单数可数名词
注：many a… 在《牛津高阶英汉双解》的释义为：a large number of… “许多”；但要注意，many a 后接单数名词和单数动词～
▼ 延伸：more than one
但如果调换一下位置：
08.
no
▼ 延伸：none of
在实际使用中，当主语为“none of + 复数名/ 代词”时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。
但在考试中，谓语动词的标准答案可能只有“单数”一个。保险起见，考试时初、高中的同学遇到 none of... 时尽量用单数谓语。
练一下 ↓
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. No man and woman in that city ________(have) voted for him.
2. None of the workers ________(be) willing to take a salary cut.
09.
关于数量
10秒钟，做道高考题 ↓
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadily since 1990.
A. is B. has been
C. are D. have been
解析：B
定位关键词：the number of 和 since，前者限定单数，后者限定时态「现在完成时」，结合起来就是 has been
▼ 延伸：
跟 the number of 在主谓一致上用法相同的短语还有 ↓
the average of 平均……
the total of 总共……
the proportion of ……的比例
举一反三昂， 它们后面都是接复数名词，但谓语动词用单数。
关于上面两组，可以简单粗暴地归结为：
1）谓语的数由 a large quantity of 后面的名词决定，如果后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果是不可数名词，那就用单数。
2）large quantities of 后面不管接的是复数还是不可数名词，谓语的数看 quantities，一般都用复数。
10.
关于对称
日常我们能见到不少对称的东西，比如裤子，左边一条裤腿儿，右边也有一条裤腿儿，这时分两种情况：
11.
关于疑问词
12.
关于主语从句
等一下？不是说主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数吗？
对滴，对于第 ② 种情况，在实际使用中单、复数都有见过。也不用太担心昂，考试不会出这么变态的题。
最后，还有一种比较难缠的情况，就是存在并列。做题时我们一般这样处理：
10秒钟，再来做个题：
Most of what has been said about the Smiths ______ also true of the Johnsons.
A. are B. is
C. being D. to be
解析：B
单纯的送分题。
主语是主语从句昂，也不存在什么并列结构，套用第 ① 种情况就可以了：当主语是由特殊疑问词引导的主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
13.
关于定语从句
你萌看，加个 only 进去，谓语就用单数了：因为先行词是 the only one of my friends，仅此 1 个朋友脸皮那么厚～
14.
注意下列单词
虽然有些名词带尾巴-s，看起来像复数，但实际上是单数，所以谓语动词也用单数。
顺便提一下，如果是 the Olympic Games 作主语，谓语动词习惯上还是用复数，就这样理解吧：奥运会有很多比赛项目，用复数～
课后练习
▼ 青铜
1. — ______ twenty dollars a big sum to her
— I suppose so.
A. Will be B. Is C. Are
2. His “Selected Poems”______ first published in 1970.
A. was B. were C. had been
3. Large quantities of water ______ needed for cooling purpose.
A. is B. are
C. has D. have
4. A singer and dancer ______ been invited to the party.
A. has B. have
C. are D. is
▼ 白银
5. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
6. A survey of the opinions of experts ______ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______ good for one’s health.
A. show, are B. shows, is
C. show, is D. shows, are
7. All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health.
A. show, are B. shows, are
C. show, is D. shows, is
8. It is important to remember that success ______ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ______ years to achieve.
A. is, takes B. are, takes
C. are, take D. is, take
9. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ______ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
▼ 黄金
10. The university estimates that living expenses for international students ______ around $ 8,450 a year, which ______ a burden for some of them.
A. are, is B. are, are
C. is, are D. is, is
11. Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used
B. are used
C. has been used
D. have been used
12. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.
A. are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
13. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed away
答案
1～4 BABA
5～9 ABDAD
10～13 ACDD
。