高中英语人教新课标选修八Unit3 Inventors and inventions知识点课件(83张ppt)

(共83张PPT)
选修八：Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
学习目标
Course Objectives
掌握重点单词短语及其用法
复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法
综合练习
课程引入
就问问你们这个发明厉不厉害？！
课程引入
an inventor
an invention
PART 01 New words and expressions
词汇 (4个)
短语 (2个)
句型 (2个)
核心词汇
1.distinguish [d 'st gw ] vi. & vt. Recognize or treat (someone or something) as different. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
(教材原句P20)Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
[归纳拓展]
distinguish A from B 辨别A与B
be distinguished from 不同于...
be distinguished by 以...为特征
be distinguished for 因...而著称
distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名
即学即练
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
1)Can you distinguish _______ those two objects
2)Children should be taught to _______ _______ _______ _______ (分辨好坏).
3)Speech distinguishes human beings _______ the animals.
4)The Chinese nation is distinguished _______ its diligence and courage.
即学即练
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
1)Can you distinguish _______ those two objects
2)Children should be taught to _______ _______ _______ _______ (分辨好坏).
3)Speech distinguishes human beings _______ the animals.
4)The Chinese nation is distinguished _______ its diligence and courage.
Keys: 1) between 2) distinguish right from wrong 3) from 4)for
核心词汇
2.caution ['k ( )n] n. [U] Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes.
小心；谨慎；警告
(教材原句P20)This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.
[归纳拓展]
(1)with caution 小心地
(2)cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的
be cautious about/of... 对……小心谨慎
be cautious to do sth做……小心谨慎
[经典例句]
Dad always drives with caution.
核心词汇
[易混辨析]
cautious/careful
词语 辨析
cautious 语气比careful强烈，指十分小心，防止出危险或差错，带有迟疑、提防的心理
careful 属一般用语，指对工作、责任等非常谨慎、周密，以免出错
cautious和careful都含有“小心的”之意
即学即练
句子翻译填空/用适当的介词或副词填空：
①We must ________________ handle the problem.
我们必须谨慎处理这个问题。
②Be ________ not to make a mistake.
小心别出错。
③_________________________________________.
我总是很小心，不轻易把我的地址给陌生人。
即学即练
句子翻译填空/用适当的介词或副词填空：
①We must ________________ handle the problem.
我们必须谨慎处理这个问题。
②Be ________ not to make a mistake.
小心别出错。
③_________________________________________.
我总是很小心，不轻易把我的地址给陌生人。
①be cautious to　②careful
③I've always been very cautious about giving my address to strangers.
核心词汇
3.expectation [ekspek'te ( )n] n. A strong belief that something will happen or be the case.预料；期待；期望
(教材原句P21)This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.
[归纳拓展]
(1)against all expectation(s)与预期相反，出乎意料
come/live up to one's expectations不负所望
beyond expectation 料想不到
in expectation of 期待，指望，预料
(2)expect vt. 期待；预料
expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事
核心词汇
[经典例句]
Against all expectations，Mike finished high school with top grades.
I expect my brother to take part in the programme Running Man.
I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations．
The film Frozen succeeded beyond her expectation．
即学即练
单句语法填空/完成句子。
①Parents should not have too high________(expect) beyond their children's ability, overlooking (忽视) the individual differences between each other.
②The dog wagged its tail________expectation of a bone.
③The show________________—it was wonderful!
这场演出不负众望——精彩极了！
④________________，the play was greatly popular.
大大出乎意料的是那出戏大受欢迎。
即学即练
答案：
①expectations　
②in
③lived up to expectations
④Against all expectations
核心词汇
4.seize [si z] vt. Take hold of suddenly and forcibly. 捉住；夺
(教材原句P21)Pressed by my friends and relations，I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.
[归纳拓展]
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize...by surprise 突袭……
seize sb by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize on/upon 采用；抓住；利用(借口等)
核心词汇
[经典例句]
We should seize every opportunity to develop the economy.
She seized me by the wrist.
Panic seized us.
seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物，可直接用被抓的部位作宾语，也可用“seize sb by the＋部位”结构(这里表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词)
即学即练
完成句子。
①The little boy________________and asked me for help.
这个小男孩一把抓住我的胳膊向我求助。
②He________________to travel around the world last year.
去年他抓住了一次周游世界的机会。
③First，we must ________ this position，and then we will station around the town.
首先，我们必须夺取这个阵地，然后驻扎在城区周围。
④He _____________ when she wanted to leave.
当玛丽想离开时他一把抓住了她的胳膊。
即学即练
①seized me by the arm
②seized a chance/an opportunity
③seize　
④seized Mary by the arm
即学即练
完成句子。
1.His father asked him ______________________________________ (抓住时机赚一些钱).
2.We _____________ (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.
3.The critics _______ _______ (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant.
即学即练
完成句子。
1.His father asked him ______________________________________ (抓住时机赚一些钱).
2.We _____________ (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.
3.The critics _______ _______ (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant.
Keys:
to seize the chance to make some money
were seized
seized on
核心短语
1. call up 给……打电话；(使)回忆起；征召……入伍；叫醒
(教材原句P20)When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
[归纳拓展]
call back 召唤某人回来；再访；回电话
call for 需要，要求；接(人或物)
call in 邀请；请来；收回
call on 拜访(某人)；号召
call at 拜访(某地)
call out 大声地喊；叫出来
call off 取消
核心短语
[经典例句]
①He called me up to tell me the good news.
②The doctor was called up twice during the night to attend urgent cases.
③He is ill;you should call in the doctor right away.
④He decided to call off his regular press conference.
⑤I was called up three months after the war broke out.
⑥The film The Horizon of the Child，showed in May，2015，called up memories of my childhood.
即学即练
用适当的介词或副词填空。
①The smell of the sea called ________ memories of her childhood.
②The game was called ________ because of bad weather.
③Call ________ the numbers so that we can hear them at the back.
④Why don't you call ________ my sister when you're in Brighton
⑤I'll call ________ you at 8 o'clock and we'll go there together.
⑥Cars with serious faults have been called ________ by the manufacturers.
即学即练
用适当的介词或副词填空。
①The smell of the sea called ________ memories of her childhood.
②The game was called ________ because of bad weather.
③Call ________ the numbers so that we can hear them at the back.
④Why don't you call ________ my sister when you're in Brighton
⑤I'll call ________ you at 8 o'clock and we'll go there together.
⑥Cars with serious faults have been called ________ by the manufacturers.
答案：①up　②off　③out　④on　⑤for　⑥in
即学即练
短语：根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。
1)This is the work that calls _______ patience.
2) Human Rights groups are calling _______ the release of political prisoners.
3) He had to _______ the meeting because of the bad weather.
4) I' ll call _______ him tomorrow do you want to visit him with me
5) The company has called _______ all such models as built in 1990.
6) The government then called _______ troops to deal with the disturbances.
即学即练
短语：根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。
1)This is the work that calls _______ patience.
2) Human Rights groups are calling _______ the release of political prisoners.
3) He had to _______ the meeting because of the bad weather.
4) I' ll call _______ him tomorrow do you want to visit him with me
5) The company has called _______ all such models as built in 1990.
6) The government then called _______ troops to deal with the disturbances.
Keys: 1)for 2)for 3)off 4)on 5)back 6) in
核心短语
2. set about 着手；开始
(教材原句P20) I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.
[归纳拓展]
set down 放下；记下；登记
set off 出发；使爆炸；引起；使(某人)开始(做某事)
set up 建立；竖立
set aside 把……置于一旁；留出
[经典例句]
She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office.
核心词汇
[易混辨析]
set off /set out /set about
短语 辨析
set off “出发”，侧重于去某个地方。
set out “出发，开始”，侧重于开始做某事，还有规划，展现的意思，后加不定式。
set about “开始，着手”，与set out意思相近，后加v-ing形式。
即学即练
用set的相关短语填空。
①He________________for Nanjing on a warm spring morning.
②She tries to________________ some money every month.
③The bus stops regularly to________________and pick up passengers.
④She________________complaining as soon as she arrived.
即学即练
用set的相关短语填空。
①He________________for Nanjing on a warm spring morning.
②She tries to________________ some money every month.
③The bus stops regularly to________________and pick up passengers.
④She________________complaining as soon as she arrived.
答案：
①set out/off　②set aside　
③set down ④set about
即学即练
用set off，set out，set about的适当形式填空。
1)They succeeded in what they had _______ to do.
2)Having made up his mind, he _______ carrying out the plan.
3)If you want to catch that train we’ d better _______ for the station immediately.
即学即练
用set off，set out，set about的适当形式填空。
1)They succeeded in what they had _______ to do.
2)Having made up his mind, he _______ carrying out the plan.
3)If you want to catch that train we’ d better _______ for the station immediately.
Keys: 1) set out 2)set about 3)set off
重点句型
1.There be句型的常用结构
(教材原句P20)The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
[句法分析]
本句为but连接的两个并列分句，句中there seemed to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。
重点句型
[归纳拓展]
(1)There be＋某物(某人)＋某地(某时)(表示强调时可将地点/时间状语放在前面)
(2)There＋情态动词＋be＋其他
(3)There used to be＋其他
(4)There＋stand/live/exist/remain/lie/come/...＋其他(there be句型的变体)
(5)there being...＋其他(there being可以用作独立主格结构，在句中作状语；可起名词作用，直接位于句首作主语)
(6)There seems/happens/appears to be＋其他
即学即练
单句语法填空。
①When Tom turned on his cellphone, there________(appear) a message saying that he won a big prize.
②There once________(live) a rich merchant here who had a beautiful daughter.
③There________(be) no bus, we had to walk home.
④There________(come) the two students we're looking for.
⑤There_____(seem) to be something wrong with it.
即学即练
单句语法填空。
①When Tom turned on his cellphone, there________(appear) a message saying that he won a big prize.
②There once________(live) a rich merchant here who had a beautiful daughter.
③There________(be) no bus, we had to walk home.
④There________(come) the two students we're looking for.
⑤There_____(seem) to be something wrong with it.
答案：①appeared　②lived　③being　④come　⑤seems
重点句型
2.Only＋状语或状语从句”置于句首引起部分倒装
(教材原句P21)Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
[句法分析]
only位于句首修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时应用部分倒装。
[经典例句]
Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake.
时间状语
部分倒装
重点句型
[温馨提醒]　
如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语，该句就不用倒装。
例如：
Only John can save me.
Only some of the children passed the examination.
即学即练
完成句子/单句改错。
①Only then ________ that he had lost an important chance.
直到那时他才意识到他失去了一个重要机会。
②Only I had left my home ________ that I loved my parents so deeply.
直到我离开家，我才知道我是多么爱我的父母。
③Only when Lily walked into the office she realized that she had left the contract at home.
④It was only after he had read the papers that did he realize the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
即学即练
答案：
①did he realize　
②did I know　
③she realized→did she realize　
④did he realize→he realized
PART 02 Grammar
过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语
引入
《Frozen》
——《冰雪奇缘》
过去分词
成分 及物动词 不及物动词
表示 被动、完成 完成
定语 the boiled water fallen leaves
宾补
We find the bike stolen. I found the leaves fallen on the ground.
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语 ，具有形容词的性质 。
一般说来 ：单个过去分词或副词-过去分词作前置定语:
[经典例句]
He is a respected leader.
a recently-built house
过去分词短语;left/given/concerned;单个分词修饰指示代词和不定代词作后置定语 :
[经典例句]
Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
作定语时可用定语从句代替
[经典例句]
He is a respected leader.
= He is a leader who is respected.
Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
= Yong people who were brought up in the new society
can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
即学即练
1. The girl _____ in red is my second daughter.
A. dressing B. dressed herself
C. dress D. is dressing
2. I couldn’t understand the language _______ in that country.
A. to speak B. speaking
C. to be spoken D. spoken
3. The ground is _____ with ______ leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
即学即练
1. The girl _____ in red is my second daughter.
A. dressing B. dressed herself
C. dressed D. is dressing
2. I couldn’t understand the language _______ in that country.
A. to speak B. speaking
C. to be spoken D. spoken
3. The ground is _____ with ______ leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
过去分词作表语
表示主语的特点或所处的状态.
[经典例句]
Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
基本特点 ：
1.语态 被动
2.时态 完成
有的已成为固定搭配 ：
be covered with 被……覆盖
【易混辨析】
This lake is badly polluted . (系表结构)
This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill .( 被动结构)
被动语态 系动词+表语
意　义 表示动作 表示状态
主语与动词的关系 句子的主语是动作的对象 过去分词相当于形容词，说明主语的状态
即学即练
1.As we joined the big crowd , I got _____ from my friends
A. separated B. spared
C. lost D. missed
2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _____ by the hour .
A. pay B. paying
C. paid D. to pay
即学即练
1.As we joined the big crowd , I got _____ from my friends
A. separated B. spared
C. lost D. missed
2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _____ by the hour .
A. pay B. paying
C. paid D. to pay
过去分词充当宾语补足语
【过去分词做宾补的用法】
过去分词做补语归类表1
类别 举例
表示"致使"意义的动词后 have, make,get,leave, keep,let
表示感觉或心理状态的动词后 see, hear, feel, listen to, watch, observe, notice, find
表示思维活动的动词后 consider， know， think
【过去分词做宾补的用法】
过去分词做补语归类表2
类别 举例
表示爱憎,意愿的动词后 want， wish， like， hate
“with+宾语+宾补” 结构 当宾语与宾补之间是被动关系过去分词作宾补
【经典例句】
I have my bike repaired.
He felt himself cheated.
I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain.
I wanted two tickets reserved.
With the matter settled, we all went home.
【即学即练1】
1. Soon a lot of people gathered. To make himself ______ (see), the speaker climbed onto a chair.
2. At last I managed to make myself ___________ (understand) by the foreigners.
3. He dressed like a star to make himself _________(notice).
4. The professor made himself _______(know) to you is my teacher.
【即学即练】
1. Soon a lot of people gathered. To make himself __seen____ (see), the speaker climbed onto a chair.
2. At last I managed to make myself ___understood________ (understand) by the foreigners.
3. He dressed like a star to make himself noticed_(notice).
4. The professor made himself __ known (know) to you is my teacher.
【即学即练2】
1. 完成句子
We were surprised to find _____________________.
我们惊讶地发现文昌河被污染地很严重。
2. The manager discussed the project that they saw carry out . (改错)
【即学即练】答案
1. We were surprised to find the Wenchang River seriously polluted.
2. The manager discussed the project that they saw carry out . (改错)
carried
【即学即练3】
1.The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes _____ (fix) on the blackboard.
2.用“with+宾语+宾补” 翻译句子。
教学楼周围种了许多树，咱们学校看起来更加漂亮了。
With many trees _______ (plant) around the teaching buildings, our school looks more beautiful.
【即学即练】
1.The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixed on the blackboard.
2.用“with+宾语+宾补” 翻译句子。
教学楼周围种了许多树，咱们学校看起来更加漂亮了。
With many trees planted around the teaching buildings, our school looks more beautiful.
【即学即练4】
【改错】
1. I want to have the flowers deliver to my mother on Mother’s Day.
2. This is the first time that I have heard the poem speak in English.
3. He kept me wait for many hours.
4. When I crossed the street, I saw him taken his son out of the restaurant.
5. He made his house be decorated by a famous company.
过去分词充当宾语补足语
【即学即练】
【改错】
1.delivered
2. spoken
3. waiting
4. taking
5. be 去掉
过去分词用法总结
过去分词
定语 前置定语、后置定语表示动作已经完成或被动的
表语 系动词后说明主语的状态
宾补 表被动和完成或仅表示动作完成
综合练习
词汇：用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1) This result was beyond my wildest ________ (expect).
2) She was subjected to the ________ (mercy) criticism of her opponents.
3) They asked her to be ________ (mercy) to the prisoners.
4) We must put our plans into ________ (practise).
5) Your invention is very ________ (practice).
6) The young girl practices ________ (play) the violin every day.
7) His father died _______ (expect), and it was ten years since they were last together.
综合练习
Keys: 1)expectation 2) merciless 3)merciful 4)practice
5) practical 6) playing 7)unexpectedly
综合练习
词汇： 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1)Come and see me _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (无论你何时方便).
2)We must arrange a ________ (convenience) time and place for the meeting.
3)I keep my reference books near by desk for _______ (convenient).
综合练习
词汇： 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1) Come and see me _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (无论你何时方便).
2)We must arrange a ________ (convenience) time and place for the meeting.
3)I keep my reference books near by desk for _______ (convenient).
Keys: 1) whenever it' s convenient to you 2)convenient 3)convenience
综合练习
词汇： 翻译下面的句子。
1)她把她所有的信件仔细归档。
___________________________________________________________________
2)他阅读了有关这个案件的全部卷宗。
___________________________________________________________________

综合练习
词汇： 翻译下面的句子。
1)她把她所有的信件仔细归档。
___________________________________________________________________
2)他阅读了有关这个案件的全部卷宗。
___________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1)She filed all her letters carefully.
2) He read all the files on the case.
综合练习
词汇： 用与hang的正确形式或相关的词组填空。
1)She __________ the phone angrily before I could speak.
2)He _________ for murder.
3)The curtain ________ well.
4)_________ a minute; I’ m just coming.

综合练习
词汇： 用与hang的正确形式或相关的词组填空。
1)She __________ the phone angrily before I could speak.
2)He _________ for murder.
3)The curtain ________ well.
4)_________ a minute; I’m just coming.
Keys: 1).hung up 2)was hanged 3)hangs 4)Hang on
综合练习
词汇： 用与now相关的词组填空。
1)Sonia should have been home _______ _______. Do you think she’ s OK
2) I hear from him ________ ________ ________ ________.
3)Please try to be more careful ________ ________ ________.
4)There's nothing I can do about this ________ ________.
综合练习
词汇： 用与now相关的词组填空。
1)Sonia should have been home _______ _______. Do you think she’ s OK
2) I hear from him ________ ________ ________ ________.
3)Please try to be more careful ________ ________ ________.
4)There's nothing I can do about this ________ ________.
Keys: 1)by now 2) every now and then 3) from now on 4) right now
综合练习
词汇： 翻译下面的句子。
1)电梯出故障了。
___________________________________________________________________
2)情况一团杂糟。
___________________________________________________________________
3)他现在发言是十分合适的。
___________________________________________________________________
综合练习
Keys:
1)The elevator is out of order.
2)Things were in terrible order.
3)It' ll be quite in order for him to speak now.
综合练习
重点句型：
课文佳句背诵与仿写
原句】Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
句子结构：Only + 介词短语/时间状语从句 + 倒装
【仿写1】只有通过生产用太阳能驱动的交通工具我们才能解决能源短缺问题。
___________________________________________________________________
【仿写2】只有把竞争和合作相联合，才能有助于我们达到目标并满足自身需求。
___________________________________________________________________


综合练习
1.Only by producing vehicle which is powered with solar can we solve the problem of fuel shortage.
2.Only when competition combine with cooperation can it help in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.

综合练习
语法练习：
过去分词单句改错：
1.The foreigner tried his best to make his point be understood.
2. They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle.
3. Mark got his hands to be burnt in the accident.
4. They both spent the night locking in the room.
5. How would you like the rent to pay, in cash or by cheque
6. What kept you so exciting
7. You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear.
8. I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident.

综合练习
语法练习：
过去分词单句改错：
去掉 be
tying → tied
去掉 to be
locking → locked
to pay → paid
exciting → excited
hear → heard
holding →held

课堂总结
词汇
显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
小心；谨慎；警告
预料；期待；期望
捉住；夺
短语 给……打电话；(使)回忆起；征召……入伍；叫醒
着手；开始
句式 Only＋状语或状语从句”置于句首引起_____
语法 过去分词作__语、___语、___语的区别和用法
课堂总结
词汇
显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 distinguish
小心；谨慎；警告
caution
预料；期待；期望 expectation
捉住；夺
seize
短语 给……打电话；(使)回忆起；征召……入伍；叫醒
call up
着手；开始 set about
句式 Only＋状语或状语从句”置于句首引起部分倒装
distinguish
语法 过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的区别和用法