中考复习专题——构词法与词意
一.选择题
1."Weekday"is a compound word. Which of the following is another compound word?( )
A.hopeless B.direction
C.uncomfortable D.gentleman
2.Which of the following words is a compound word?( )
A.cheerful B.pancake C.speaker D.invitation
3.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball?
A.daily B.actor C.pancake D.discussion
4.Nanjing Eye Footbridge is a famous landmark in Nanjing. Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word "landmark"?( )
A.summertime B.hopeless C.unpleasant D.surprising
5.Which of the following words is formed in a different way?( )
A.celebration B.best﹣seller
C.hard﹣working D.friendship
6.We can't add "﹣ ful" or "﹣ less" to ______ to get its adjective.( )
A.mean B.fear C.wonder D.thank
7.﹣﹣What do you usually do on Friday evenings?
﹣﹣I like watching sports games on with my father.( )
A.UFO B.TV C.CD
8.下列缩略词与汉语意思相符的一组是 。( )
A.NBA中国篮球协会 B.kg千克
C.HB光盘
9.﹣ Is Lin Shubao in CBA?
﹣No. He plays basketball in .( )
A.NBA B.UN C.HB D.UFO
10.中国篮协主席姚明曾在美国国家篮球协会打球,它的英文缩写词是 。( )
A.CBA B.MBA C.NBA
11.下列英文缩写与其汉语含义意思一致的是 。( )
A.VIP:中国中央电视台
B.kg:克
C.L : (尤指服装的尺码)大号
D.UFO:重要人物
12.The oranges are _________.( )
A.3 kg B.3 km C.3 g D.3 m
13.The school first class is good for students. You can watch it on___.( )
A.CCTV1 B.UFO C.BBC
14.— Which car do you like,the blue one or the red one?
—I can't decide. My father is the one wearing pants in the house.( )
A.My father is putting on pants.
B.It's too expensive.
C.My father wants to buy some pants.
D.It's up to my father.
15.People in the UK say "holiday" while people in the USA say "_______".( )
A.fall B.vacation C.cookie D.truck
16.Whenever he felt like talking,his parents were ready to listen.( )
A.wants to talk B.wanted to talk
C.would like talking D.like to talk
17.I regard it as a serious matter so I must go back and deal with it in person as soon as possible.
A.very bad B.very basic
C.very important
18.﹣Mum, the cake smells ____.
﹣Keep it away from ants. They can smell things ____.( )
A.good; good B.good;well C.well; well D.well; good
19.Which of the following words CAN be both Noun and Verb(既可作名词,也可作动词)?( )
A.Grow B.Kitchen C.Forget D.Answer
20.The shirt is too small.Would you please show me_______,Madam?( )
A.the other one B.another one
C.one another D.other one
21.Please read every sentence_____. The more ____ you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.( )
A.careful carefully B.careful careful
C.carefully careful
22.If you want to ask for information in the scenic spot (景区),which sign may help you?
A. B. C. D.
23.When we see ,we can't park our cars here.( )
A. B. C.
24.﹣ What animals are from Australia?
﹣ _______.
A.Lions B.Pandas C.Koalas D.Giraffes
25.______ is the first day of a week.( )
A.Monday B.Saturday C.Sunday
26.Which of the following prefixes(前缀) means"not or disappear" ?( )
A.mini﹣ B.dis﹣ C.con﹣ D.en﹣
27.Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) "﹣ness"?( )
A.round B.laugh C.ill D.angry
28.The word"teacher"has a suffix. Which of the following words has a suffix too?( )
A.early B.incorrect C.northeast D.tourist
29.What a terrible snowstorm! Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word "snowstorm?( )
A.tourist B.careless C.unhealthy D.railway
30.﹣Have you ever heard of "clothes sharing", Anita?
﹣Yes. It can _____satisfy(使满足)women's endless need for beauty and fashion _____offer a new way to go green.( )
A.neither; nor B.either; or
C.not; but D.not only; but also
参考答案与试题解析
1."Weekday"is a compound word. Which of the following is another compound word?( )
A.hopeless B.direction
C.uncomfortable D.gentleman
【分析】"平日"是一个复合词,以下哪一个是另一个复合词?
【解答】gentle温柔的,man人,gentleman绅士,是合成词。其他都是同根词。
故选:D。
【点评】知道单词的含义及由来,是做此题的关键。
2.Which of the following words is a compound word?( )
A.cheerful B.pancake C.speaker D.invitation
【分析】以下哪个词是复合词?
【解答】ACD都属于同根词,由同一个词变化形式而来。pancake由pan和cake组成,属于合成词。
故选:B。
【点评】合成词是由两个词组合而成的。
3.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball?
A.daily B.actor C.pancake D.discussion
【分析】下列哪个单词的形成方式和"雪球"相同?
【解答】daily日常的,派生词,由day变y为i加ly构成形容词;actor演员,派生词,在动词act后面加后缀or构成名词;pancake煎饼,合成词,由pan和cake合成名词;discussion,讨论,派生词,由动词discuss加后缀ion变名词;snowball雪球,合成词,由snow和ball合成名词,因此pancake和其构成方式相同。
故选:C。
【点评】题目考查合成词,要求学生在日常生活中注意掌握构词法;做题时,结合具体语境,分析各选项是派生词还是合成词,便可得出答案。
4.Nanjing Eye Footbridge is a famous landmark in Nanjing. Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word "landmark"?( )
A.summertime B.hopeless C.unpleasant D.surprising
【分析】南京眼步行桥是南京一座著名的标志性建筑。下列哪一个单词的创建方式与"landmark"相同?
【解答】根据题干landmark为地标的意思,由land+mark两个名词构成,再结合四个选项:A,summertime夏日时光,名词,由summer+time两个名词构成,符合题意;B,hopeless没有希望的,形容词,由hope+词缀less构成;C,unpleasant不愉快的,形容词,由词缀un+pleasant构成;D,surprising令人吃惊的,形容词。
故选:A。
【点评】此题考查单词的合成法,需要考生熟悉词汇的构成,从而得出正确答案。
5.Which of the following words is formed in a different way?( )
A.celebration B.best﹣seller
C.hard﹣working D.friendship
【分析】下列哪个词的构成方式不同?
【解答】A. celebration 派生词 B. best﹣seller 合成词,由best和seller结合而成 C. hard﹣working 合成词,由hard和working结合而成 D. friendship 合成词,由friend和ship结合而成。只有选项A,celebration 为派生词。
故选:A。
【点评】此题考查构词法,在熟知构词法的基础之上,结合具体单词,仔细分析,便可以得出正确答案.
6.We can't add "﹣ ful" or "﹣ less" to ______ to get its adjective.( )
A.mean B.fear C.wonder D.thank
【分析】我们不能加上"﹣ ful"或"﹣ less"来得到mean的形容词。
【解答】考查名词正确变形容词用法。mean不能直接加后缀变形容词,正确的形容词为meaningful有意义的,meaningless无意义的;fear直接加后缀变为形容词,fearful可怕的,fearless无畏的;wonder直接加后缀变为形容词,wonderful极好的,wonderless平凡无奇的;thank直接加后缀变为形容词,thankful感谢的,thankless不领情的。
故选:A。
【点评】正确掌握名词加后缀"﹣ ful"或"﹣ less"变为形容词的用法是解答此题的关键。
7.﹣﹣What do you usually do on Friday evenings?
﹣﹣I like watching sports games on with my father.( )
A.UFO B.TV C.CD
【分析】﹣﹣你通常星期五晚上做什么?﹣﹣我喜欢和我爸爸一起看电视上的体育比赛。
【解答】A.UFO 不明飞行物;B.TV电视;C.CD光盘;根据I like watching sports games on,可知应说我喜欢和我爸爸一起看电视上的体育比赛。
故选:B。
【点评】仔细分析句子的要求,根据I like watching sports games on,结合选项作答。
8.下列缩略词与汉语意思相符的一组是 。( )
A.NBA中国篮球协会 B.kg千克
C.HB光盘
【分析】下列缩略词与汉语意思相符的一组是kg千克。
【解答】A.NBA全美篮球协会;B.kg千克;C.HB(铅笔)硬黑;根据题干可知缩略词与汉语意思相符的一组是kg千克。
故选:B。
【点评】仔细分析题干的要求,掌握一些缩写单词的含义。
9.﹣ Is Lin Shubao in CBA?
﹣No. He plays basketball in .( )
A.NBA B.UN C.HB D.UFO
【分析】﹣林书豪在CBA吗?﹣不。他在NBA打篮球。
【解答】A.NBA全美篮球协会;B.UN联合国;C.HB(铅笔)硬黑;D.UFO不明飞行物;根据Is Lin Shubao in CBA?和No,可知应说他在NBA打篮球。
故选:A。
【点评】仔细分析题干的要求,掌握一些单词的缩写。
10.中国篮协主席姚明曾在美国国家篮球协会打球,它的英文缩写词是 。( )
A.CBA B.MBA C.NBA
【分析】中国篮协主席姚明曾在美国国家篮球协会打球,它的英文缩写词是NBA.
【解答】A.CBA中国篮球协会;B.MBA工商管理学硕士;C.NBA全美篮球协会。根据题干可知中国篮协主席姚明曾在美国国家篮球协会打球,它的英文缩写词是NBA.
故选:C。
【点评】仔细分析题干的要求,掌握一些缩写的含义。
11.下列英文缩写与其汉语含义意思一致的是 。( )
A.VIP:中国中央电视台
B.kg:克
C.L : (尤指服装的尺码)大号
D.UFO:重要人物
【分析】下列英文缩写与其汉语含义意思一致的是L :(尤指服装的尺码)大号。
【解答】L是large的首字母,所以代表大号。VIP重要人物,kg千克,UFO飞碟。
故选:C。
【点评】主要考查对英文缩写的掌握。
12.The oranges are _________.( )
A.3 kg B.3 km C.3 g D.3 m
【分析】这些桔子有3公斤重。
【解答】A3公斤,B3公里,C3克,D3米,这些桔子有﹣﹣﹣﹣重,可以推测出是3公斤。
故选:A。
【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对缩写的掌握。
13.The school first class is good for students. You can watch it on___.( )
A.CCTV1 B.UFO C.BBC
【分析】开学第一课对学生有好处。你可以在中央一套电视上看。
【解答】A.CCTV1 中央一台;B.UFO不明飞行物;C.BBC英国广播公司;根据题干The school first class is good for students.可知说的是开学第一课,应说你可以在中央一套电视上看。
故选:A。
【点评】仔细分析题干的要求,掌握一些缩写的含义。
14.— Which car do you like,the blue one or the red one?
—I can't decide. My father is the one wearing pants in the house.( )
A.My father is putting on pants.
B.It's too expensive.
C.My father wants to buy some pants.
D.It's up to my father.
【分析】﹣你喜欢哪辆车,蓝色的还是红色的?
﹣我不能决定。这取决于我父亲。
【解答】A我父亲正在穿裤子。B太贵了。C我父亲想买一些裤子。D这取决于我父亲。根据语境:我不能决定。说明要取决于父亲。
故选:D。
【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对同义词,近义词的掌握。
15.People in the UK say "holiday" while people in the USA say "_______".( )
A.fall B.vacation C.cookie D.truck
【分析】英国人说"holiday",而美国人说"vacation"。
【解答】A.秋天,B.假期,C.饼干,D.卡车,根据句意,英国人说"holiday",而美国人说"vacation"。holiday意为"假期"。
故选:B。
【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对同义词,近义词辨析的掌握。
16.Whenever he felt like talking,his parents were ready to listen.( )
A.wants to talk B.wanted to talk
C.would like talking D.like to talk
【分析】每当他想说话时,他的父母都准备好听。
【解答】want to do=would like to do sth表示想做某事。句子时态是一般过去时,A、D时态不对。
故选:B。
【点评】首先判断四个选项的汉语意思,然后结合句意判断下划线的汉语意思,最后选择正确的一项。
17.I regard it as a serious matter so I must go back and deal with it in person as soon as possible.
A.very bad B.very basic
C.very important
【分析】我认为这是一件严重的事情,所以我必须尽快回去亲自处理。
【解答】serious严重的;very bad非常坏;very basic非常基本的;very important非常重要的。serious与very important含义相同。
故选:C。
【点评】根据语境了解划线部分的含义,结合选项选择与其含义相同的选项。
18.﹣Mum, the cake smells ____.
﹣Keep it away from ants. They can smell things ____.( )
A.good; good B.good;well C.well; well D.well; good
【分析】妈妈,蛋糕闻起来很香.
﹣让它远离蚂蚁.它们闻气味很厉害.
【解答】副词修饰动词,系动词+形容词.此题根据语境:妈妈,蛋糕闻起来很香.﹣让它远离蚂蚁.它们闻气味很厉害. smell是动词,故用副词well;smells是系动词,故后面加形容词.
故选:B.
【点评】此题考查词汇惯用法,在熟知形容词副词用法基础上,结合具体题目,仔细分析,便可得出正确答案.
19.Which of the following words CAN be both Noun and Verb(既可作名词,也可作动词)?( )
A.Grow B.Kitchen C.Forget D.Answer
【分析】下列哪个单词既可以是名词又可以是动词?
【解答】grow作动词,表示"种植";kitchen作动词,表示"厨房";forget作动词,表示"忘记";answer作名词,表示"答复,回答,答案";作动词,表示"回答,答复"。
故选:D。
【点评】看懂题意,熟记单词意思。
20.The shirt is too small.Would you please show me_______,Madam?( )
A.the other one B.another one
C.one another D.other one
【分析】这件衬衫太小了.夫人,你可以给我看看另外一件吗?
【解答】答案:B 分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是这件衬衫太小了.夫人,你可以给我看看另外一件吗?故选B三者或三者以上当中的另外一个.A特指两者中的另外一个.
【点评】解答这类试题时,务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系,找到解题的依据,同时正确区分选项的细微差别,准确作答.
21.Please read every sentence_____. The more ____ you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.( )
A.careful carefully B.careful careful
C.carefully careful
【分析】请仔细阅读每一句话.越仔细,犯的错误就越少.
【解答】副词修饰动词,be 动词+形容词.此题根据语境:请仔细阅读每一句话.越仔细,犯的错误就越少. read是动词,故用副词carefully;are是be 动词,故用形容词;
故选:C.
【点评】此题考查词汇惯用法,在熟知形容词副词用法基础上,结合具体题目,仔细分析,便可得出正确答案.
22.If you want to ask for information in the scenic spot (景区),which sign may help you?
A. B. C. D.
【分析】如果你想询问景区的信息,下面哪个指示牌对你有帮助?
【解答】本题考查英文常识,根据句意:如果你想询问景区的信息,下面哪个指示牌对你有帮助?A是"请勿乱扔垃圾"的标志,B是"停车场"的标志,C是有一个大问号"问询处"的标志,D是"游泳"的标志。分析可知,询问景区的信息要去问询处。
故选:C。
【点评】此题考查英文常识,要熟知日常生活中常见标识的意思,得出答案。
23.When we see ,we can't park our cars here.( )
A. B. C.
【分析】当我们看到C时,我们不能在这里停车。
【解答】阅读图片,可知C图片表达的意思是禁止停车NO PARKING。
故选:C。
【点评】对文化常识的考查一般都比较浅显,通常不涉及深层次内容,注意积累课本中常遇到的常识即可轻松作答。
24.﹣ What animals are from Australia?
﹣ _______.
A.Lions B.Pandas C.Koalas D.Giraffes
【分析】—什么动物来自澳大利亚?
—考拉。
【解答】选项分别是狮子、熊猫、考拉、长颈鹿。考拉来自澳大利亚。
故选:C。
【点评】此题考查英文常识,熟知国家的代表动物,得出答案。
25.______ is the first day of a week.( )
A.Monday B.Saturday C.Sunday
【分析】星期日是一周的第一天.
【解答】考查英文常识.A.Monday星期一;B.Saturday星期六;C.Sunday星期日.根据题干______ is the first day of a week.可知星期日是一周的第一天.
故选:C.
【点评】理解各个选项的含义,根据常识进行判断.
26.Which of the following prefixes(前缀) means"not or disappear" ?( )
A.mini﹣ B.dis﹣ C.con﹣ D.en﹣
【分析】下列哪个前缀表示"没有或者消失"?
【解答】mini﹣相当于small,表示"小",比如miniskirt:超短裙,dis﹣表示"没有或消失",比如dishonest:不诚实的;con﹣表示"共同,与......一起",比如conclude:总结;en﹣表示"放进,使......怎么样",比如encourage:鼓励。根据意思和例子可知选项B中dis﹣前缀表示"没有或消失"。
故选:B。
【点评】本题考查前缀的含义,可以结合包含该前缀的单词来理解判断。
27.Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) "﹣ness"?( )
A.round B.laugh C.ill D.angry
【分析】下面哪个词能加上后缀ness?
【解答】提干是在问哪个词可以加上后缀ness,只有illness名词疾病。
故选:C。
【点评】主要考查的是构词法的用法,这就要求平时要注意积累词汇掌握规律。
28.The word"teacher"has a suffix. Which of the following words has a suffix too?( )
A.early B.incorrect C.northeast D.tourist
【分析】单词"老师"有一个后缀。下面那个单词也有一个后缀?
【解答】teacher老师,teach动词教,加后缀er变成老师,tourist旅行者;原形:tour旅行,加后缀ist变成名词旅行者。
故选:D。
【点评】本题要求学生熟悉并掌握常见词根词缀,并掌握他们的用法。
29.What a terrible snowstorm! Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word "snowstorm?( )
A.tourist B.careless C.unhealthy D.railway
【分析】多可怕的暴风雪啊!以下哪个词是以与"暴风雪"相同的方式造词的?
【解答】"snowstorm暴风雪"是由snow雪和storm暴风合成的。railway铁路,是由rail和way合成的。其他词是由一个词根变来的。
故选:D。
【点评】本题考查造词法。
30.﹣Have you ever heard of "clothes sharing", Anita?
﹣Yes. It can _____satisfy(使满足)women's endless need for beauty and fashion _____offer a new way to go green.( )
A.neither; nor B.either; or
C.not; but D.not only; but also
【分析】﹣﹣安妮塔,你听说过"共享衣服"吗?
﹣﹣是的.它不仅能满足女性对美丽和时尚的无尽需求,并且提供了一条绿色环保的新途径.
【解答】根据clothes sharing"共享衣服"可知,这个形式同时满足了两个方面的内容,故空格处表示"不仅……而且……"的含义,表示并列.not only…but also…不仅……而且…….
故选:D.
【点评】连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系,要结合语境,分析句子缺少的成分,正确写出答案.