2022年中考英语一轮复习阅读训专训十一（含答案）

2022届中考英语一轮复习阅读训专训十一
A
With her eyes feeling increasingly tired and her vision blurry (模糊的), 16-year-old Sun Run went to the hospital with her parents in January. She was shocked when she found out that her eyesight dropped from 5.0 to 4.6 in only a semester. “A few of my friends have had the same experience lately,” Sun said.
In fact, poor eyesight among Chinese primary and high school students rose from 59.2 percent to 70.6 percent in the first six months of 2020, according to the Ministry of Education.
To protect students’ eyesight, the Chinese government has worked out new requirements for school supplies and equipment that will take effect on March 1, 2022. For example, according to the requirements, the size of text in students’ textbooks should be no smaller than nine-point (小五号).
Teachers should also avoid using projectors (投影仪) or other multimedia equipment (多媒体设备) that are too bright, Beijing Daily reported.
There are also requirements for desk and classroom lights. For example, these lights should give off as little blue light as possible.
Blue light is bad for our eyes, as it can kill the photoreceptor cells (感光细胞) we need for vision, according to Harvard Medical School. Many of the electronic devices (电子设备) we use every day, including our phones and computer screens, give off blue light.
Chinese government has also taken other steps to protect students’ eyesight in China. In May 2020, the National Health Commission urged (要求) schools to make sure that students have at least two hours of outdoor activity a day.
1. Through Sun’s experience, the writer wants to tell us that _____.
A. many students got sick in January
B. she should have gone to the hospital earlier
C. most Chinese students wear glasses
D. many Chinese students have bad eyesight
2. Over the first half of 2020, _____ more Chinese students experienced vision loss.
A. 0.4 percent
B. 11.4 percent
C. 59.2 percent
D. 70.6 percent
3. To protect students’ eyes, the Chinese government is asking _____.
a. schools to use textbooks with larger text
b. teachers to avoid using overly-bright multimedia equipment
c. schools not to use blue light bulbs in classrooms
d. schools to use lights that give off less blue light
A. abc
B. abd
C. acd
D. bcd
4. Paragraph 6 is mainly about _____.
A. how to reduce the use of blue light
B. how to use blue light correctly
C. how blue light affects us and where it’s from
D. why the government is protecting students’ eyes
B
On March 20, the Sanxingdui Ruins in Guanghan, Sichuan drew the world’s attention. Chinese archaeologists (考古学家) announced that they have found more than 500 cultural relics (文物) in six pits (坑) at the site, which dates back over 3,200 years. The relics include bronzeware (青铜器), gold and bronze masks, ivory, jade (玉器) and textiles (纺织品).
The Sanxingdui Ruins, which were first discovered in 1929, are believed to be the remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom. The kingdom was a center of civilization (文明) along the upper reaches of Yangtze River.
In 1986, archaeologists discovered two pits that they believed were used for sacrificial ceremonies (祭祀仪式). At that time, over 1,000 artifacts were found, including bronzeware, face masks and “divine (神圣的) trees” － bronze sculptures of trees.
The discovery of Sanxingdui raised an important question about the origins of Chinese civilization. The ancient Shu civilization that built Sanxingdui is believed to be one of the earliest examples of Chinese civilization. The site, along with the Liangzhu and Shijiahe sites along the Yangtze River, shows that the birthplace of Chinese civilization might not have been only along the Yellow River Basin (流域) in north China.
The newly-discovered relics are similar to those found in 1986, as they also include divine trees and bronze masks. They further support the idea that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes.
New kinds of cultural relics have also been dug up. For example, experts found two square zun (尊), a kind of ancient bronze jar (罐子) that was used for holding water or wine. They also found cong (琮)－a jade artifact commonly found at the 5,000-year-old Liangzhu Archaeological Ruins in Zhejiang province.
“These artifacts show that the Sanxingdui site had a close connection with Central China, but it also marks an original ancient civilization (in Sichuan) with strong creativity,” said Chen Xiandan, a member of the excavation (发掘) project.
1. What do we know about the relics that were recently found at the Sanxingdui Ruins
A. They are made of gold.
B. They were all found in the same pit.
C. They were created about 3,200 years ago.
D. They were used for sacrificial ceremonies in 1986.
2. What does the word “artifacts” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. The remains of a building.
B. Ancient ceremonies.
C. Historical objects.
D. Bronze sculptures.
3. The discovery of Sanxingdui shows that Chinese civilization _____.
A. started earlier than was believed before
B. might have several different origins
C. was centered along the Yangtze River
D. developed from the ancient Shu civilization
4. What do the newly-discovered relics suggest
A. Sanxingdui is more important than the sites in Central China.
B. The Sanxingdui Ruins are part of the Liangzhu Ruins.
C. Sanxingdui was built by the ancient Shu Kingdom.
D. The ancient Shu civilization was creative.
C
Your shenfenzheng is probably one of the most important things you have as a Chinese citizen. You need to use it to do a lot of things, such as opening a bank account (账户) or getting a phone number. You probably got your shenfenzheng when you were quite young – maybe even just one year old.
This is similar to the Social Security (社会保障) number that every US citizen gets at birth. We use these numbers for a lot of important things as well, such as filling out tax forms (税表) and applying for driver’s licenses (驾照).
So what happens if you don’t have a shenfenzheng As an American living in China, I’ve learned the hard way that there are some things you just can’t do here without one.v Most of the important stuff can be done with a passport (护照) － but there are a few things that I can’t do without a Chinese ID.
For example, some courier (快递) services require a Chinese ID before you can use them. If I want to send something to one of my Chinese friends, I have to “borrow” their ID in order to send it. One of my favorite gaming platforms requires a Chinese ID if you want to play on Chinese servers (服务器) － I usually play on other servers that are a bit slower.
Most of these things aren’t a big deal. I can usually find a way to deal with them. My Chinese friends who live in the US haven’t complained about not having a Social Security number － I guess they just use their passport for most things.
1. According to the writer, what is as important to US citizens as the shenfenzheng is to Chinese citizens
A. A Social Security number.
B. A driver’s license.
C. A phone number.
D. A passport.
2. What does Paragraph 4 explain
A. How foreigners can get a Chinese ID.
B. How the writer managed to borrow a Chinese ID.
C. What foreigners can do in China with a passport.
D. What the writer cannot do in China without a Chinese ID.
3. What can we guess from the last paragraph
A. The writer finds it very annoying to not have a Chinese ID.
B. Foreigners can do most things with their passport in the US.
C. Chinese people can apply for a Social Security number in the US.
D. The writer has helped his Chinese friends in the US do most things.
D
China’s aerospace industry (航天工业) has achieved a great deal over past decades. Generations of personnel (从业人员) have devoted (奉献) themselves to the cause. Guo Shiyu, 31, is one of them.
Working at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Guo is part of the third generation of China’s aerospace personnel. He grew up in an “aerospace family” with his parents and grandparents all working in the industry.
Guo studied logistics (物流) in college. After he started his space career, he used his knowledge to do material management work at the academy. He won a safety production award along with his team members. Each generation of aerospace personnel strives for (为……奋斗) high quality and error-free work, he said.
Guo developed interest in aerospace when he was a university student. In 2007, he saw China’s first unmanned lunar probe Chang’e 1 make a smooth launch. “Before I graduated in 2011, the space station Tiangong-1 took another step forward into the universe, and so I made up my mind to work on space missions,” he said.
Guo learned to be careful and precise (精确的) from the family members who came before him. Guo’s grandfather was one of the first batch (批) of Chinese aerospace staff. He saw the academy being built in the middle of nowhere in the 1950s. “Aerospace is a big project while everyone’s work is ordinary. No matter whether it’s designing or managing, it’s detailed tasks that make up a great mission. I hope Guo will take details seriously and work hard at his position,” his grandfather said.
“Like the saying goes, ‘My conquest (征途) is the sea of stars’,” Guo said. “I hope someday spaceflight will be as easy as taking a train or plane now.”
Complete the tasks:
1. Many people from Guo Shiyu’s family have worked in China’s aerospace industry. (根据文章内容判断正误)
_________________________________________________________________
2. Guo Shiyu’s team worked hard and won ___________________________________________________. (根据文章内容补全句子)
3. What does Guo do at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (根据文章内容回答问题)
_________________________________________________________________
4. How did Guo become interested in working on space missions (根据文章内容概括性地回答问题)
_________________________________________________________________
5. Guo’s grandfather was one of the first group of Chinese aerospace staff. (从文章中找出本句中划线单词的同义词)
_________________________________________________________________
6. No matter whether it’s designing or managing, it’s detailed tasks that make up a great mission. (将本句翻译成汉语)
_________________________________________________________________
E
Japan recently made a decision that shocked the world. On April 13, Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga announced that the government will dump radioactive wastewater (放射性废水) from the Fukushima nuclear power plant (核电厂) into the Pacific Ocean in two years.
The decision caused concern and anger both at home and abroad. For example, China’s Foreign Ministry said Japan is making a highly irresponsible decision without using all possible ways to deal with the wastewater, Xinhua reported.
However, while the world is criticizing (批判) Japan, the US Department of State said that Japan has been “transparent (透明的) about its decision”. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken even thanked Japan on Twitter. So far, the US is the only major country that has openly expressed support for Japan’s move.
Although the US showed its support, it has banned imports (进口) of farming and seafood products from the region for over 10 years since the Fukushima nuclear plant was destroyed in 2011.
And it recently renewed the ban on March 4 － 40 days before the Japanese government announced its decision to dump the wastewater, according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
The ban includes over 100 types of farming and fishing products such as milk, vegetables and salmon (三文鱼). “The FDA and the Japanese government will continue to [work together] to make sure products from the [region] don’t pose a health risk to US consumers (消费者),” the ban noted.
Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told reporters that since the US cares about environmental issues, it should remind Japan to take an honest, scientific and responsible attitude toward the wastewater issue instead of paying no attention to principles (原则) and using double standards.
Choose the answer:
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The US asked the world to stop criticizing Japan.
B. The US said that Japan has been honest about its decision.
C. Japan has tried other methods to deal with its wastewater before.
D. Japan has started to release its wastewater into the Pacific Ocean.
2. What did the US do after the Fukushima nuclear plant was destroyed
A. Helped Japan deal with the wastewater.
B. Sold farming and fishing products to Japan.
C. Banned farming and fishing products from the region.
D. Came up with new rules about seafood safety.
3. What is this passage mainly about
A. Trade relations between the US and Japan.
B. Japan’s decision about its radioactive wastewater.
C. The reason why the US supported Japan on its decision.
D. The attitude that the US holds toward Japan’s decision.

F
Ping-pong, or table tennis, might seem like an ordinary game to play with friends or family. But it holds a special place in China-US relations, as it has helped both countries get along for the last 50 years. This has been called “ping-pong diplomacy (乒乓外交)”.
Judy Hoarfrost was just 15 years old when she was sent from the US to China as part of a nine-member table tennis team. The year was 1971, and for the previous 20 years, relations between China and the US had been unfriendly.
But as the team toured around China, things started warming up. Hoarfrost even got to meet then-Premier Zhou Enlai. “The most memorable moment was Zhou shaking hands with me and looking into my eyes,” Hoarfrost told China Daily. “You have opened a new page in Sino-US relationships,” Zhou told the team.
In the years that followed the historic visit, ties between the two countries started to blossom. US president Richard Nixon would make a landmark (里程碑) visit to China in 1972, which also saw Chinese table tennis players make their own visit to the US, according to China Daily. Diplomatic relations between the US and China were fully established (建立) in 1979.
Players from both countries believed strongly in the idea of “friendship first, competition second”. To this day, many of them remain friends. Hoarfrost thinks we should remember ping-pong diplomacy in order “to understand the importance of people-to-people exchanges in establishing bonds, human bonds between peoples.”
Seeing tension (紧张局面) between two of the world’s biggest powers in recent years, Hoarfrost said China and the US should work together. “We have so much in common, and we need to build on what we have in common,” she added.
Choose the answer:
1. What do we know about Hoarfrost
A. She has played table tennis for 15 years.
B. She doesn’t know what “ping-pong diplomacy” is.
C. She formed her own table tennis team 20 years ago.
D. She was part of efforts to improve China-US relations.
2. What is Paragraph 3 about
A. The team’s tour around China.
B. Zhou Enlai’s memories of the team.
C. Hoarfrost’s meeting with Zhou Enlai.
D. The relationship between China and the US.
3. When were China-US diplomatic relations fully established
A. In 1971.
B. In 1972.
C. In 1979.
D. In 1991.
4. What does “establishing bonds” mean
A. Forming a relationship.
B. Holding a competition.
C. Understanding different countries.
D. Understanding the spirit of sportsmanship.
5. According to the passage, what might Hoarfrost agree with
A. It’s normal for countries to face tension.
B. China and the US should improve their relations.
C. Playing table tennis can help people go abroad more easily.
D. China and the US should have another table tennis exchange.
G
Q:
Chinese people often say they dream about the Duke of Zhou. Is the Duke of Zhou a real person
A:
The Duke of Zhou was a politician (政治家) who lived during the Western Zhou Dynasty (c. 11 century － 771 BC). His actual name was Ji Dan. He was the brother of King Wuwang of Zhou.
The duke helped his brother beat the Kingdom of Shang and establish the dynasty. He himself was a regional ruler, or zhuhou. However, after two years, King Wuwang fell sick and wanted the duke to become the king, but the duke refused. King Wuwang’s oldest son then came to power － he was known as King Chengwang.
The duke acted as a responsible regent (摄政王) to help his nephew. He put down a rebellion (暴乱). He came up with the idea of ruling through rituals (礼仪). When his nephew came of age, the duke handed over power.
Confucius (孔子) saw the Duke of Zhou as a great politician. He studied the knowledge passed down from the Zhou Dynasty from a young age. He even dreamed about the duke quite often. While serving the State of Lu, Confucius suggested that its ruler run the state with rituals, but the ruler didn’t listen to him. This is why he traveled to other states to promote the idea.
After many years, his idea still didn’t have much support. Already an old man, he said that he was too old to dream about the Duke of Zhou. Later, people started using “dreaming about the Duke of Zhou” to refer to remembering scholars of the past (先贤). Today, it simply refers to going to sleep.
Answer the questions:
1. What was the Duke of Zhou’s real name
_________________________________________________________________
2. How did he help his brother
_________________________________________________________________
3. What did King Wuwang want him to do while he was sick How did he respond to this
_________________________________________________________________
4. What was his idea about ruling a kingdom
_________________________________________________________________
5. What did Confucius think about his idea
_________________________________________________________________
6. What does “dreaming about the Duke of Zhou” mean in modern times
_________________________________________________________________
H
Have you ever bought Genki Forest (元气森林) sparkling water because it’s advertised as “sugar-free” The company recently apologized for a misleading advertisement.
The company said the drinks are “sucrose-free” (零蔗糖), but this is not the same as “sugar-free”. Now the company has changed the words “sugar-free” to “low sugar” on the bottles.
In fact, there are many kinds of sugar. Sucrose is just one of them. Other kinds of sugar, such as fructose (果糖) and sugar alcohol (糖醇), are still in Genki Forest drinks. These types of sugar are used as sweeteners (甜味剂). They offer little energy, but a small amount of them can make drinks taste sweet. That’s why diet drinks like Genki Forest are popular among people who want to lose weight.vThey believe that they can not only enjoy sweet drinks, but also avoid taking in too much sugar.
However, studies find that the sweeteners might make people eat more. When you eat sweet-tasting things, it sends your brain a “sweet signal”. Then your brain tells your body to prepare itself to take in energy. But since the diet soft drink has little energy, the brain will not receive what it is expecting. At this time, you will feel hungry and start getting energy by eating more food.
According to China Daily, drinking too many diet drinks might lead to obesity (肥胖) and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). It’s time for you to think twice about the diet drink trend.
Choose the answer:
1. Why did Genki Forest recently apologize
A. For not having any sugar in its drinks.
B. For making too many advertisements.
C. For advertising its drinks incorrectly.
D. For incorrectly spelling words on its packaging.
2. What do we know about Genki Forest from Paragraph 3
A. There are sweeteners in its drinks.
B. Its drinks have high levels of sucrose.
C. Its drinks taste sweeter than other drinks.
D. People can lose weight by drinking its drinks.
3. What do studies show about sweeteners
A. They are used more in food than drinks.
B. They might make people feel hungrier.
C. They provide enough energy for those on a diet.
D. They cause the brain to stop receiving signals.
4. According to the last paragraph, drinking lots of diet drinks can be _____.
A. harmful
B. strange
C. enjoyable
D. fashionable
参考答案
A: DBBC B: CCBD
C: ADB
D:
1. T
2. a safety production award
3. He does material management work at the academy.
4. He saw the big achievements that China’s aerospace industry made when he was in college.
5. personnel
6. 无论是设计还是管理，一次伟大的任务都是由一项项细致的工作构成的。
E: BCD
F: DCCAB
G: 1. His name was Ji Dan.
2. He helped his brother beat the Kingdom of Shang and establish the Western Zhou Dynasty.
3. King Wuwang wanted him to become the king, but he refused.
4. A king should rule his kingdom through rituals.
5. He supported the idea and took action to promote it in many states.
6. It means going to sleep.
H: CABA