2022年中考英语一轮复习阅读与完形训练四（含答案）

2022届中考英语一轮复习阅读与完形训练四
A
The 2021 Nobel Prizes were awarded from Oct 4 to 11. This year, climate change was in the spotlight.
Three scientists received the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct 5. They are Japan-born Syukuro Manabe, German scientist Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi of Italy. All three have worked for decades to understand the complex (复杂的) natural systems driving climate change for years, said The New York Times.
Manabe, for example, developed a computer model that showed the connection between carbon dioxide (CO2) and warming in the atmosphere (大气). Hasselmann created a model that shows how small changes of weather, such as storms and snowfall, could add to long-term (长期的) climate change.
In fact, it is the first time the physics prize has been given specifically to climate scientists, said the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
It shows that “our knowledge about the climate rests on a solid (坚实的) scientific foundation (基础),” said Thors Hans Hansson, chair (主席) of the Nobel Committee for Physics.
Climate change is seen as a major global challenge. In August, scientists from the United Nations brought out a report, showing that the global average (平均的) temperature will rise 2.7 C by the century’s end. It is likely to bring more extreme (极端的) wildfires, droughts and floods. The report says that nations need to work quickly to stop the worst future outcomes.
And that work builds directly on Manabe’s models. “The climate scientists of today stand on the shoulders of these giants (巨人), who laid the foundations for our understanding of the climate system,” said Ko Barrett, a senior official on climate at the UN.
1. What does Dr Manabe show in his study
A. He shows that carbon dioxide causes global warming.
B. He shows the influence of small changes of weather.
C. He shows how much carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere.
D. He shows the influence of long-term climate change.
2. What is Hansson’s opinion
A. The study of climate is based on other subjects.
B. The study of climate is scientifically based.
C. Climate studies develop slowly.
D. Our knowledge about the climate is still limited.
3. What can we infer from Paragraphs 6-7
A. Global warming can be stopped if we take action.
B. Manabe’s models can increase global warming.
C. Manabe’s study can help improve the climate.
D. People will die of global warming in the future.
4. The story was written to introduce _____.
A. the 2021 Nobel Prize in physics
B. the winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize
C. the newest finding in physics
D. the climate problems we face today
B
Do you know anyone with a beard Beards aren’t popular in China, but many men in the US have beards. Me too! I grew it because shaving (刮胡子) is too much work. I kept it because it looks good.
In the US, National No-Beard Day is on Oct 18. It started on the internet, encouraging men to be beardless and look professional. People celebrate by shaving and sharing pictures of their fresh faces on social media. I’m thinking about joining the celebration.
Why My beard needs continuous attention. I’m always checking it in the mirror. If it’s too long, I must trim (修剪) it. If I see gray hairs, I must pluck (拔掉) them. Then, I must wax (打蜡) and brush my beard every day. What a lot of work!
Another problem with my beard is that I must wash it often. When I eat certain foods, like sandwiches, my beard gets dirty. When I drink or have soup, my mustache gets wet. At the end of the day, my beard is a little bit stinky (有臭味的). How embarrassing!
My wife tells me I’m stinky. She also says that my beard feels like sandpaper (砂纸) against her face. She says I am handsome with a beard, but she never wants to kiss me.
Now, I’m excited to celebrate No-Beard Day. If I don’t like my new, smooth (光滑的) face, the No-Shave November celebration is just two weeks away.
1. How do US men celebrate National No-Beard Day
A. They shave their friends’ beards.
B. They shave their beards and then post pictures on the internet.
C. They don’t shave their beards.
D. They shave their beards into different shapes.
What does the author think about his beard
A. Taking care of it takes some effort.
B. It makes him feel warm and safe.
C. He enjoys shaving and cleaning his beard.
D. It makes him look less attractive.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The author doesn’t like his beard.
B. The author is excited for November.
C. The author might want his beard back.
D. The author’s beard grows back more quickly than others.

C
There is a story in the book History as a Mirror (《资治通鉴》) by Chinese historian Sima Guang.
Zhi Xuanzi was the head of a big clan (家族) in the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). He wanted a clan member, Zhi Yao, to be his successor (继承人).
However, another man in the clan, Zhi Guo, was against the idea. Zhi Guo listed five strong points of Zhi Yao. For example, he was good at riding and shooting. He was decisive (果断的) and talkative. But Zhi Guo said that he had a big problem: his morals (道德). He had an unkind heart.
Still, Zhi Xuanzi didn’t listen to the idea. Zhi Yao became the head of the clan. With his leadership abilities, he quickly made his clan the strongest in Jin. However, because of his aggressive (咄咄逼人的) style, three other clans worked together to fight against the Zhi clan. Finally, the Zhi clan was beaten.
Sima Guang used this story to stress the importance of morals. Talent is not enough. He said that excellent people must have both talent and virtue (德行). Those who have virtue but no talent might work inefficiently (低效地). Those who have talent but no virtue might not use their talent properly. Those who have both talent and virtue were called xiancai (贤才) in ancient times. If you ask which one is more important between the two, it must be virtue. Only if a person has virtue can he or she get on the right track (走对路).
In 2018, when President Xi Jinping talked with students and teachers at Peking University, he mentioned (提到) Sima Guang’s ideas. He said good education should develop both a person’s virtues and talents. Educators must follow this idea. As students, we can also make it our goal.
Answer the questions:
1. Who wrote the book History as a Mirror
___________________________________
2. In Zhi Guo’s opinion, what were Zhi Yao’s strong points
___________________________________
3. Why was Zhi Guo against Zhi Yao becoming the next leader
___________________________________
4. What happened to the Zhi clan under Zhi Yao’s leadership
___________________________________
5. What should excellent people be like, according to the story
___________________________________

D
You may think that bacteria (细菌) should be kept away from priceless old works of art. But some people are using bacteria to bring art back to life!
According to Popular Science, special microbes (微生物) have been used on everything from centuries-old frescoes (壁画) to oil paintings to ancient walls.uPeople use them to clean and bring back the bright color of these pieces of cultural heritage (文物).
Recently, an Italian art restoration (修复) team tried to clean the marble (大理石) in the Medici Chapel in Florence. It was carved (雕刻) by the famous artist Michelangelo (1475 – 1564). They chose eight of the most promising types of bacteria from about 1,000 and tested them on the marble. The bacteria successfully cleaned the contaminants (污染物) while leaving the marble unharmed.
“Biocleaning” – using bacteria to clean artworks – was first used in the 1990s by Italian biologist Giancarlo Ranalli. A team was trying to clean frescoes at a cemetery (公墓) in Pisa, Italy. When the cemetery was ruined in World War II, people used animal glue to hold the works together. The team wanted to clean away the glue. They turned to Ranalli and asked: “Dr Ranalli, can’t you do anything with your bugs ”
It turns out that bacteria are perfect for this kind of task – if you choose the right one. For Ranalli, it was Pseudomonas stutzeri (施氏假单胞菌). It ate through the animal glue while leaving the original color of the artworks. Now scientists have grown different types of bacteria for certain contaminants, reported Forbes.
It is the artists who create art works, but it is the bacteria that help people enjoy them in the future.
1. How did the Italian art restoration team clean the marble
A. They used eight kinds of harmless bacteria to clean the marble.
B. They washed the marble with 1,000 types of bacteria.
C. They cleaned the marble with animal glue.
D. They used both traditional and biological ways to clean it.
2. The word “bugs” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.
A. frescoes
B. animal glue
C. bacteria
D. contaminants
3. From Paragraph 5, we can infer that _____.
A. bacteria for cleaning art are easy to grow
B. few contaminants can be cleaned by bacteria
C. not all types of bacteria can be used to clean art
D. Pseudomonas stutzeri can be used to deal with bugs
4. What is the main idea of the story
A. Microbes influence our lives in different areas.
B. Biocleaning is a good way to clean art.
C. We should take care of our cultural heritage.
D. A new microbe was found to help clean art works.
E
Cloze
If someone asked you about the meaning of illiteracy (文盲), you might first 1 people who cannot read or write. But that’s just the tip of the iceberg (冰山一角). In a time when all people are using digital devices (电子设备), “digital literacy” is becoming just as 2 as reading and writing.
According to the website Digital Literacy, being digitally literate means that you are able to understand and use information online. For example, can you tell 3 information Are you able to 4 useful information on the internet when you need it Do you know how to tell photos that have been retouched, or how to write polite comments (评论)
Some schools are now realizing the importance of equipping (装备) their students with these 5 . Digital literacy is being 6 in at least 24 states in the US, according to HuffPost.
More schools around the world are teaching coding (编程) to their students, as this can also help to 7 digital literacy. The UK has made coding a compulsory (必修的) course for primary school students. In China, Beijing and Zhejiang have 8 it to their high school curriculum (课程) and schools in Shandong have included it in primary school textbooks.
Teaching students to be digitally literate doesn’t mean that schools are trying to 9 every student into a computer scientist, just as studying music doesn’t make everyone a concert puter science teacher Clive Beale from the UK pointed this out in an interview with The New York Times. “But this is how these things work. And it’s good for everyone to 10 how these things work,” Beale said.
1. A. care about B. deal with
C. think of D. look up
2. A. easy B. difficult
C. complete D. important
3. A. false B. interesting
C. personal D. special
4. A. find B. speak
C. miss D. forget
5. A. skills B. information C. devices D. comments
6. A. stopped B. taught
C. solved D. broken
7. A. challenge B. improve
C. cause D. prepare
8. A. spread B. stuck
C. searched D. added
9. A. turn B. run
C. fall D. get
10. A. imagine B. complain
C. understand D. develop

参考答案
A: ABCA
B: BAC
C: 1. Sima Guang.
2. He was good at riding and shooting, and he was also decisive and talkative.
3. Because Zhi Yao had an unkind heart.
4. The Zhi clan quickly became the strongest in Jin, but then was beaten by three other clans.
5. They must have both talent and virtue.
D: ACCB
E: 1-5 CDAAA 6-10 BBDAC