中考专题复习——构词法与词意(合成法)
一.选择题
1.Which of the following words is formed like "handbag"?( )
A.meaningful B.snowman C.protection D.impatient
2.Which of the following words has the same word formation as the word "snowstorm"?( )
A.helpless B.incorrect C.government D.blackboard
3.It is bad for your eyesight to read books in the sun. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word eyesight?( )
A.invention B.necessary C.unlucky D.doorbell
4.Which of the following words is created the same way as "schoolwork"?( )
A.musician B.fingerprint
C.untidy D.winner
5.The Diary of a Young Girl became a best﹣seller as soon as it was published. You can easily know the meaning of the underlined word by .( )
A.the way it is formed
B.its place in the sentence
C.reading the words before
D.guessing what comes next
6.Which of the following words is NOT a compound(合成词)word?( )
A.toothache B.weekend C.meaningful D.blackboard
7.Which of the following is a compound word just like "snowball" ?( )
A.building B.introduce
C.weekend D.competition
8.Which of the following words is created in the same way as pancake?( )
A.impolite B.surface C.German D.playground
9.Which of the following words is formed like "homework"?( )
A.inventor B.raincoat C.dishonest D.careless
10.We will have a ________holiday after the exam.( )
A.two month B.two﹣month
C.two month's D.two﹣months
11."background" is a compound word. Which of the following words is formed in the same way?( )
A.careless B.unlucky C.basketball D.discovery
12.After the final exams,I will have a ___________ vacation in Hainan.( )
A.5 day B.5﹣day C.5 days D.5﹣days
13.We'll be away for two weeks because we'll have a .( )
A.two﹣weeks holiday B.two﹣weeks'holidays
C.two﹣week holiday D.two﹣week's holiday
14.Henry,a boy,can speak English quite well.He's going to learn a
language next year.( )
A.12 years old; second B.12﹣year﹣old; two
C.12﹣year﹣old; second D.12 years old; second
15.﹣Let's go on foot.It's ______ walk from here to the cinema.( )
A.a twenty minute B.a twenty﹣minute
C.a twenty﹣minutes D.a twenty﹣minute's
16.Lisa is and she has an sister.( )
A.eleven years old,eight﹣year﹣old
B.eleven﹣year﹣old,eight﹣years﹣old
C.eleven years old,eight year old
D.eleven﹣year﹣old,eight years old
17.After the _____working,we have finished _____of the whole work.( )
A.four﹣hour; three﹣fourthes
B.four﹣hour; three﹣fourths
C.four﹣hours; three﹣fourthes
18.The Century Park is far from here,indeed it's about ______ walk.( )
A.two hours B.a two hour's
C.a two﹣hours D.a two﹣hour
19.﹣How far is it from Lianyungang to Seoul,Korea?
﹣It is about a ____flight.( )
A.2﹣hour﹣long B.2﹣hours﹣long
C.2 hours'long D.2 hour long
20.﹣﹣﹣Why are you so excited,Jenny?
﹣﹣﹣I hear we will have a ________holiday in_____.( )
A.three day's,a week's time
B.three﹣day,a week's time
C.three﹣day,a weeks'time
D.three days,a week
21.She is a girl with two big eyes.( )
A.six﹣years﹣old B.six﹣year﹣old
C.six years old
22.Kate is girl.She's very happy at school.( )
A.a eighteen﹣year﹣old
B.an eighteen﹣year﹣old
C.an eighteen﹣years﹣old
D.a eighteen﹣years﹣old
23.The winner of the singing competition was a ____ girl called Zhang Mei from China.( )
A.19﹣years﹣old B.19﹣year﹣old
C.19﹣year﹣olds
24.I think should not be allowed to drive.( )
A.sixteen years old B.sixteen﹣year﹣old
C.sixteen﹣year﹣olds
25.The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco.The USA.Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark?( )
A.unpleasant B.useless C.summertime D.surprising
26.He has _____________ daughter named Mary.( )
A.a eight years old B.eight﹣years﹣old
C.an eight﹣year﹣old D.eight﹣year﹣old
27."I want my leg!I want to run!I want to jump!",a girl cried in the hospital in Libya(利比亚).( )
A.5﹣year﹣old B.5﹣years﹣olds
C.5 year old D.5﹣years﹣old
28.﹣Up to now the Chinese Communist Party(中国共产党)has nearly history.
﹣Yes,it was founded July 23rd,1921. ( )
A.90 years; at B.90﹣year; in
C.90﹣years; of D.90﹣year; on
29.﹣If you win the competition,you will be given a _______ to Beijing.
﹣Wow.I'll try my best.( )
A.six day trip B.seven﹣day trip
C.eight days trip D.nine﹣days trip
30.What a pity!Liu Xiang didn't win the_____hurdles(跨栏).( )
A.110﹣meter B.110﹣meters C.110 meter
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题
1.Which of the following words is formed like "handbag"?( )
A.meaningful B.snowman C.protection D.impatient
【分析】下面哪个词的构词法和"handbag"相像?
【解答】handbag由hand+bag构成,两个都是名词,meaningful是由meaning+后缀ful构成,snowman由名词snow+名词man构成,snowman和题干所给的单词handbag构词法一样.protection由动词protect+名词后缀tion构成,只是两个t省略了一个.impatient由否定前缀im+patient构成.
故选:B。
【点评】掌握构词法,根据题意选出正确答案.
2.Which of the following words has the same word formation as the word "snowstorm"?( )
A.helpless B.incorrect C.government D.blackboard
【分析】下列哪一个词的构词形式与"暴风雪"一词相同?
【解答】snowstorm是单词snow和单词storm合在一起构成的单词,helpless是help加后缀less构成的,incorrect是correct加前缀in构成的,government是govern加后缀ment构成的,blackboard是单词black和单词board合在一起构成的,snowstorm和blackboard的构成方式是一样的.
故选:D。
【点评】考查单词的构成法,要牢固单词的各种构成形式.
3.It is bad for your eyesight to read books in the sun. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word eyesight?( )
A.invention B.necessary C.unlucky D.doorbell
【分析】在阳光下看书对你的视力有害。下列哪个词的构词方式与单词eyesight(视力)相同?
【解答】根据eyesight可知是eye和sight一起构成的名词,所以应选与其结构类似的单词,选项中只有doorbell符合题意。door和bell一起构成复合名词。
故选:D。
【点评】此题考查构词法,在熟知构词法的基础之上,结合具体单词,仔细分析,便可以得出正确答案.
4.Which of the following words is created the same way as "schoolwork"?( )
A.musician B.fingerprint
C.untidy D.winner
【分析】下面哪个单词的构词法和"schoolwork"的方式一样?
【解答】schoolwork意为"学业、课业";由school和work合成,叫合成词.A. musician音乐家;B. fingerprint指纹;C. untidy不整齐; D. winner获胜者;选项A、C、D是派生词;fingerprint由finger和print合成,也是合成词;
故选:B.
【点评】掌握构词法的意义和单词的意思,根据句意选出正确答案.
5.The Diary of a Young Girl became a best﹣seller as soon as it was published. You can easily know the meaning of the underlined word by .( )
A.the way it is formed
B.its place in the sentence
C.reading the words before
D.guessing what comes next
【分析】《安妮日记》一出版就成了畅销书.你可以从这个划线的词的构词方式很容易知道它的意思.
【解答】best最好的,seller商品,售卖者,best﹣seller是由best和seller合成的,意为"畅销书".因此选项A.the way it is formed(它的构成方式)符合题意.
故选:A.
【点评】题目考查合成法,要求学生在日常的学习中注意掌握合成法.做题时,在明确合成法的基础上,结合具体语境,便可得出答案.
6.Which of the following words is NOT a compound(合成词)word?( )
A.toothache B.weekend C.meaningful D.blackboard
【分析】下面哪个词不是合成词?
【解答】根据题干要求" 下面哪个词不是合成词?",结合选项,可知选项A.tooth+ache=toothache B.week+end=下面哪个词不是合成词?D.black+board=blackboard,都是合成词,只有C不是.、
故选:C。
【点评】熟悉构词法,结合题意,给出答案.
7.Which of the following is a compound word just like "snowball" ?( )
A.building B.introduce
C.weekend D.competition
【分析】下面哪一个单词像snowball一样是一个复合词?
【解答】分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是下面哪一个单词像snowball一样是一个复合词?其中C项是由week和end两个单词合成的.
故选:C.
【点评】解答这类试题时,务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系,找到解题的依据,同时正确区分选项的细微差别,准确作答.
8.Which of the following words is created in the same way as pancake?( )
A.impolite B.surface C.German D.playground
【分析】下列哪一个词与"pancake"的创作方式相同?
【解答】pancake是由pan和cake两个单词合成的,playground是有play和ground两个单词合成的,其它三个单词都不是这个特点.
故选:D.
【点评】考查构词法.要理解掌握单词的构词法.
9.Which of the following words is formed like "homework"?( )
A.inventor B.raincoat C.dishonest D.careless
【分析】下列哪一个单词的构词法与"homework"相同?
【解答】homework是名词home家 和名词work工作 结合而成,raincoat是有两个名词rain雨 和coat外套 结合而成,inventor是动词invent加or.dishonest 是形容词honest加否定前缀dis;careless 是动词care 加否定后缀 less.
故选:B.
【点评】此题考查构词法,在熟知构词法的基础之上,结合具体单词,仔细分析,便可以得出正确答案.
10.We will have a ________holiday after the exam.( )
A.two month B.two﹣month
C.two month's D.two﹣months
【分析】考试结束后我们有一个两个月的假期.
【解答】答案:B
根据设空处前面用了不定冠词a后面有名词单数holiday结合语境推测句意是"考试结束后我们有一个两个月的假期."由于设空处单词在句子中作定语修饰后面的holiday,所以用复合形容词结构:数词﹣名词单数,故选B.
【点评】明确句意,掌握复合形容词的构成是做好本题的关键.
11."background" is a compound word. Which of the following words is formed in the same way?( )
A.careless B.unlucky C.basketball D.discovery
【分析】"背景"是一个复合词,以下哪一个词是以同样的方式形成的?
【解答】background是由back和ground两个单词放在一起构成一个单词,basketball是由basket和ball两个单词放在一起构成一个单词,careless是care加后缀构成的单词,unlucky和discovery是加前缀构成的单词.basketball和background的构成方式是一样的.
故选:C.
【点评】考查构词法,要掌握各种形式的构词法.
12.After the final exams,I will have a ___________ vacation in Hainan.( )
A.5 day B.5﹣day C.5 days D.5﹣days
【分析】期末考后,我将在海南有一个5天的假期.
【解答】答案:A.缺了连字符;C.缺了所有格';D.合成形容词中,连字符后可数名词要用单数.
一个5天的假期有两种正确的表达方式:1.a 5﹣day vacation;2.5 days' vacation.故选:B。
【点评】本题考查的是合成形容词很所有格做前置定语的用法,在熟知两者用法上区别的基础上与句子的语境相结合,从而选出正确的答案.
13.We'll be away for two weeks because we'll have a .( )
A.two﹣weeks holiday B.two﹣weeks'holidays
C.two﹣week holiday D.two﹣week's holiday
【分析】我们将离开两周,因为我们要有一个两周的假期.
【解答】A.合成词中的a和短线后的可数名词要用单数,正确形式为two﹣week holiday;B.用了连字符,week还用了复数,还加了所有格,所以不对;D.用了连字符,还加了所有格,所以也不对.
联系前后语境,一周有两个假期有两种正确的表述:1.a two weeks' holiday 这是一种所有格,week要用复数,后加';2.a two﹣week holiday 这是用连字符将two week直接连接做前置定语,记住week要用原形.
故选:C。
【点评】本题考查数量合成词和名词所有格做前置定语,在熟知两者的区别下,与句子语境相结合,从而选出正确答案.
14.Henry,a boy,can speak English quite well.He's going to learn a
language next year.( )
A.12 years old; second B.12﹣year﹣old; two
C.12﹣year﹣old; second D.12 years old; second
【分析】Henry,一个12岁的男孩,英语说得相当好,明年他打算再学一门语言.
【解答】答案:C
根据语境结合选项,推测句意是"Henry,一个12岁的男孩,英语说得相当好,明年他打算再学一门语言."由于第一个设空处单词修饰后面的名词boy,所以应填复合形容词结构"数词﹣名词单数﹣形容词",第二个设空处用"不定冠词+序数词"表示"再一;又一"故选C.
【点评】做此类题关键在于明确句意,掌握复合形容词的用法.复合形容词由两个或两个以上的单词构成,词与词之间常加连字符"﹣".能够正确区分"…years old"和"数词﹣year﹣old"这两个结构,类似的题便可很容易做对.
15.﹣Let's go on foot.It's ______ walk from here to the cinema.( )
A.a twenty minute B.a twenty﹣minute
C.a twenty﹣minutes D.a twenty﹣minute's
【分析】让我们步行去吧,从这里到影院是一段步行20分钟的路程.
【解答】答案:B
根据语境结合选项,推测句意是"让我们步行去吧,从这里到影院是一段步行20分钟的路程."由于设空处单词修饰后面的名词walk,所以应填复合形容词结构"数词﹣名词单数",故选B.
【点评】做此类题关键在于明确句意,掌握复合形容词的用法.复合形容词由两个或两个以上的单词构成,词与词之间常加连字符"﹣".
16.Lisa is and she has an sister.( )
A.eleven years old,eight﹣year﹣old
B.eleven﹣year﹣old,eight﹣years﹣old
C.eleven years old,eight year old
D.eleven﹣year﹣old,eight years old
【分析】Lisa十一岁了,她有个八岁的妹妹.
【解答】结合语境推测句意是"Lisa十一岁了,她有个八岁的妹妹.",第一个设空处,放在be动词后面作表语,表示某人多少岁了,用短语"…years old",第二个设空处,由于后面有名词sister,所以缺少一个定语,应该使用短语"数词﹣名词单数﹣old",故选:A。
【点评】正确区分"…years old"和"数词﹣year﹣old"这两个结构,类似的题便可很容易做对.
17.After the _____working,we have finished _____of the whole work.( )
A.four﹣hour; three﹣fourthes
B.four﹣hour; three﹣fourths
C.four﹣hours; three﹣fourthes
【分析】经过了四个小时的工作之后,我们已经完成了全部工作的四分之三.
【解答】答案:B
第一个设空处缺少定语,应该用连词符号的结构:基数词﹣名词单数,第二个设空处根据句意判断需要分数"四分之三",分数表示法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子大于1,分母需要用复数形式,A项的fourthes书写错误.故选:B。
【点评】正确理解句意掌握数词的用法是做好本题的关键.
18.The Century Park is far from here,indeed it's about ______ walk.( )
A.two hours B.a two hour's
C.a two﹣hours D.a two﹣hour
【分析】世纪公园离这里很远,事实上要两个小时的路程.
【解答】A.错在缺少所有格,应改成two hours';B.所有格做前置定语,不用不定冠词a修饰,所有格中的可数名词为复数时,应加上s在加';C.合成形容词中,连线符中的后的可数名词要用单数,一个两小时的路程有两种正确表达方式;1.a two﹣hour walk;2.two hours' walk.
故选:D。
【点评】本题考查合成形容词和所有格的用法,在熟知两者用法的前提下结合语境,从而选出正确的答案.
19.﹣How far is it from Lianyungang to Seoul,Korea?
﹣It is about a ____flight.( )
A.2﹣hour﹣long B.2﹣hours﹣long
C.2 hours'long D.2 hour long
【分析】﹣﹣从连云港到韩国首尔有多远?
﹣﹣乘飞机大约两个小时的路程.
【解答】答案:A
根据语境结合选项,推测答语的句意是"乘飞机大约两个小时的路程."由于设空处单词修饰后面的名词 flight,所以应填复合形容词结构"数词﹣名词单数﹣形容词",故选:A。
【点评】做此类题关键在于明确句意,掌握复合形容词的用法.复合形容词由两个或两个以上的单词构成,词与词之间常加连字符"﹣".
20.﹣﹣﹣Why are you so excited,Jenny?
﹣﹣﹣I hear we will have a ________holiday in_____.( )
A.three day's,a week's time
B.three﹣day,a week's time
C.three﹣day,a weeks'time
D.three days,a week
【分析】﹣﹣Jenny,你为什么这么激动?
﹣﹣我听说一周以后我们将有一个三天的假期.
【解答】根据语境结合选项,推测答语的句意是"我听说一周以后我们将有一个三天的假期."由于第一个设空处单词修饰后面的名词holiday且前面有a,所以应填复合形容词结构"数词﹣名词单数",第二个设空处,表示"一周的时间"用a week's time;故选:B。
【点评】做此类题关键在于明确句意,掌握复合形容词的用法.复合形容词由两个或两个以上的单词构成,词与词之间常加连字符"﹣".
21.She is a girl with two big eyes.( )
A.six﹣years﹣old B.six﹣year﹣old
C.six years old
【分析】她是一个六岁的女孩,有两只大眼睛.
【解答】答案:B 此题考查合成词的用法.根据She is a girl 可知所缺的词应该作girl的定语修饰girl;结合合成词的用法,作定语应该用带有连词符的合成词,且构成单词一般都要用原形.根据这一用法,可以排除A,因为years不能加s;可以排除C,因为这一表达不能做定语,只能做表语.所以应用six﹣year﹣old才是正确的表达.故选:B。
【点评】做此类合成词的题目,关键是确定其在句子中所充当的成分;其次要注意带有连词符号的合成词的正确表达形式.
22.Kate is girl.She's very happy at school.( )
A.a eighteen﹣year﹣old
B.an eighteen﹣year﹣old
C.an eighteen﹣years﹣old
D.a eighteen﹣years﹣old
【分析】凯特是个十八岁的女孩.她在学校很高兴.
【解答】答案:B 此题考查合成词的用法.根据Kate is…girl可知所缺的词应该作girl的定语修饰girl;结合合成词的用法,作定语应该用带有连词符的合成词,且构成单词一般都要用原形.根据这一用法,可以排除C、D因为years不能加s;.又因为eighteen﹣year﹣old的开头的发音是元音,所以应该用冠词an,故选B
【点评】做此类合成词的题目,关键是确定其在句子中所充当的成分;其次要注意带有连词符号的合成词的正确表达形式以及冠词的正确用法
23.The winner of the singing competition was a ____ girl called Zhang Mei from China.( )
A.19﹣years﹣old B.19﹣year﹣old
C.19﹣year﹣olds
【分析】这次歌唱比赛的获胜者是一个来自中国的名叫张梅的十九岁女孩.
【解答】答案:B 此题考查合成词的用法.英语中两个或多个单词中间可以用短横线连接起来,起一个相当于形容词的作用,这类单词叫做合成词.其构成规则就是其构成单词一般都要用原形.结合语境根据关键部分 was a ____ girl 可知本句中合成词用作形容词,作girl的定语,所以应用19﹣year﹣old的表达,意为"一个十九岁的女孩".A项years多了s;C项old不应加s.故选B.
【点评】做此类题要分清有连词符号和无连词符号的用法及表达形式的不同;还要确定出在句中所充当的成分.从而准确作答.
24.I think should not be allowed to drive.( )
A.sixteen years old B.sixteen﹣year﹣old
C.sixteen﹣year﹣olds
【分析】我认为十六岁(的人)不应该被允许开车.
【解答】答案C 根据sixteen﹣year﹣olds是合成法的使用"数词+名词+形容词",olds是复数形式,在宾语从句中作主语,意为十六岁这一类人,故答案选C.
【点评】本题考查英语中词汇的合成法,考生需根据语境以及对合成法的掌握,正确选择合适选项.
25.The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco.The USA.Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark?( )
A.unpleasant B.useless C.summertime D.surprising
【分析】金门大桥是美国旧金山的一个著名的地标,下面哪个词和landmark这个词的构词法是相同的?
【解答】答案:C
根据题干可知,这是在考查构词法,landmark的意思是"地标",是由单词land"土地"和mark"记号"合成的一个单词,而summertime(夏季)是由summer和time两个单词合成,所以他们都是合成词,其他三个是加前缀或后缀构成的派生词.故选C.
【点评】正确理解题干,掌握构词法是做好本题的关键.
26.He has _____________ daughter named Mary.( )
A.a eight years old B.eight﹣years﹣old
C.an eight﹣year﹣old D.eight﹣year﹣old
【分析】他有一个八岁的女儿叫Mary.
【解答】答案C
根据句中daughter为单数名词可知合成词前应用冠词a/an,故排除答案B和D;又因eight为第一个音节为元音,故需用冠词an,故排除答案A;故选答案C.
【点评】名词合成有两种表达式:1.多个名词之间用短横线连接,可数名词需用单数,eight﹣year﹣old;2.各名词之间不用短横线,可数名词用复数,eight years old.
27."I want my leg!I want to run!I want to jump!",a girl cried in the hospital in Libya(利比亚).( )
A.5﹣year﹣old B.5﹣years﹣olds
C.5 year old D.5﹣years﹣old
【分析】"我要我的腿!我想跑!我想跳!"一个五岁的女孩在利比亚的医院里哭了.
【解答】答案:A 此题考查合成词的用法.联系语境,根据关键词a…girl可知所缺的部分是作girl的定语,在这种情况下,应使用带连词符号的合成词,其使用规则是构成单词一般都要用原形;据此用法可以排除掉B,C,D项.只有5﹣year﹣old是正确表达,意为"一个五岁的女孩".故选A.
【点评】如果句子中所缺的部分是作定语,那就要考虑带有连词符号的合成词的表达方式,并注意构成;要和不带连词符号的区别开来.
28.﹣Up to now the Chinese Communist Party(中国共产党)has nearly history.
﹣Yes,it was founded July 23rd,1921. ( )
A.90 years; at B.90﹣year; in
C.90﹣years; of D.90﹣year; on
【分析】﹣到现在为止中国共产党已有接近九十年的历史了.
﹣是的,它是1921年7月23日成立的.
【解答】答案:D 此题考查合成词和介词的用法.结合语境,根据关键部分has nearly history可知所缺的部分做history的定语,在作定语的情况下,应该用带有连词符的合成词,规则是构成单词一般都要用原形;据此可以排除A和C;根据July 23rd,1921可知,这里的时间具体到了某日,应该用介词on,故而排除B.故选D.
【点评】此题是合成词和介词的综合运用题.做题时要联系语境,抓住关键部分确定出所缺词在句中担任的成分,据此判断出合成词的正确形式,还要注意介词的使用规则.
29.﹣If you win the competition,you will be given a _______ to Beijing.
﹣Wow.I'll try my best.( )
A.six day trip B.seven﹣day trip
C.eight days trip D.nine﹣days trip
【分析】﹣如果你赢得比赛,你将得到一个去北京的七天之旅.
﹣哇,我会尽我最大的努力.
【解答】答案:B 此题考查合成词的用法.结合语境,根据选项中的关键词trip可知此处应该用带有连词符号的合成词来作trip的定语,其形式是:数词+连字符+名词",且构成的词都要用原形,它只能作定语,放在被修饰的名词前.根据这一用法,结合选项,应该用seven﹣day trip这一正确表达,意为"七天的旅行".故选B.
【点评】做此题的关键是结合选项的中心词确定出前面词所充当的句子成分,再结合合成词的用法作答即可.
30.What a pity!Liu Xiang didn't win the_____hurdles(跨栏).( )
A.110﹣meter B.110﹣meters C.110 meter
【分析】好遗憾啊!刘翔没有赢得110米跨栏.
【解答】考查合成词的用法.结合语境,根据关键词hurdles可知修饰名词表示一个数量单位,通常用连字符将它们连在一起,不使用复数形式,110﹣meter是一个复合形容词,可以做名词hurdles的定语;B和C均用法错误.故选:A。
【点评】做此题关键是抓住关键词确定出所缺词在句中所充当的成分,结合合成词的用法及形式选出正确答案.