中考复习专题——简单句的基本句型
一.选择题
1.The shop ________ from Monday to Friday.It's ________ at weekends.( )
A.opens; closed B.is open; closes
C.is open; closed D.opens; close
2.Ken and Linda's favourite subject _______English.( )
A.are B.is C.am D.does
3.The rubbish near the river .Please clean it up as soon as possible.( )
A.smells bad B.is smelt bad
C.smells badly D.is smelt badly
4."The children are playing in the park."The main structure of the sentence is ______.( )
A.S+V B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P
5.What is the sentence pattern of "I love English."?( )
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
6.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."?( )
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC
7.The sentence structure of "I often hear Simon sing English songs" is ______________.( )
A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO
8.The sentence structure of"Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively."is _______.( )
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
9.It's hot here.Please keep the windows _______.( )
A.closing B.open C.opened
10.Though she often makes her little brother ,she was made by him this morning.( )
A.cry;to cry B.to cry;cry
C.cry;cry D.to cry;to cry
11.The sentence structure of"We must keep our classroom clean and tidy."is ______.( )
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
12.The funny film makes me .( )
A.laugh B.to laugh
C.laughing D.to laughing
13.There___ a pen and some books on the desk.( )
A.is B.are C.were D.am
14.﹣﹣Will there a football match on CCTV 5 this evening?
﹣﹣Yes.There usually football matches on Sunday evenings.( )
A.have; have B.be; will be
C.are; are D.be; are
15.There _____ more cars in two years in Hefei.The city will be more crowded. ( )
A.will have B.is going to have
C.will be D.are going to have
16. the watermelon in the fridge for a while can make it nicer.( )
A.Keeping;taste B.To keep;to taste
C.Keep;taste D.Keeping;to taste
17.﹣Do you think you can do that task without help?
﹣______.This is not the first time for me.( )
A.Take care B.Hurry up
C.Not exactly D.Don't worry
18.﹣________run in the hallways.
﹣________,Ms.White.( )
A.Don't;No B.Don't;Excuse me
C.Don't;Sorry D.Do;Thank you
19.﹣ terrible mess you have made!
﹣Sorry, I will clear it up right now.( )
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
20.﹣﹣Many people say the temperature in Wuxi this spring is just like a roller coaster.
﹣﹣ I can't agree more. __________________________!( )
A.What a strange weather
B.How a strange weather
C.What changeable weather
D.How changeable weather
21. fun we have with each other at lunchtime.( )
A.How; to chat B.What; chatting
C.What; to chat D.How; chatting
22.This ______ my brother and those ______ my friends.( )
A.is; are B.are; is C.are; are D.is; is
23.This pair of red shoes __________ leather.May I __________?( )
A.are made of; try them on
B.is made of; try it on
C.are made of; try it on
D.is made of; try them on
24.Lucy and Lily ________ a new bike.( )
A.have B.has C.there is D.there are
25.If our government __________ pay attention to the safety of food,our health in danger.( )
A.isn't; is B.doesn't; will be
C.won't; is D.isn't; will be
26.If Nancy ______ the exam,she will go to Australia for English study.( )
A.pass B.passed C.passes D.will pass
27.﹣﹣____ brave Zhang Hua is!
﹣﹣Yes.He helped his neighbour,Mrs.Sun out of the fire.( )
A.What a B.How C.How a D.What
28.Every year a lot of tourists travel to Hainan,because it's ________island( )
A.so a beautiful B.so beautiful
C.such a beautiful D.a such beautiful
29.﹣They didn't go to the park yesterday.
﹣___________.( )
A.So we did B.So did we
C.Neither we did D.Neither did we
30.﹣I think the plan is just a waste of time.What do you think?
﹣Well,if you don't support the plan,________.( )
A.neither do I B.so do I
C.neither will I D.so will I
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题
1.The shop ________ from Monday to Friday.It's ________ at weekends.( )
A.opens; closed B.is open; closes
C.is open; closed D.opens; close
【分析】这家商店从星期一到星期五营业,周末停止营业.
【解答】答案:C.考查主系表结构.句意"这家商店从星期一到星期五营业,周末停止营业.".第一个空open打开,强调动作,be open开着的,强调状态,这里的open是形容词.结合语境周一到周五是营业的,表示状态用is open.主系表结构.因此A,D不正确.第二个空,close形容词意思是"近的",根据it's可知应该用closed表示关着的,主系表结构.也强调状态.因此B不正确.答案是C.
【点评】考查主系表结构.这里要分清open,close,closed的区别,结合语境选择合适用法.
2.Ken and Linda's favourite subject _______English.( )
A.are B.is C.am D.does
【分析】肯和琳达最喜欢的科目是英语.
【解答】答案:B.考查系动词.句意"肯和琳达最喜欢的科目是英语.".are复数.is单数.am通常与I连用.does助动词.原句的主语是subject科目,单数形式,因此用is.没有实义动词不用助动词.答案是B.
【点评】考查系动词用法,要根据主语的单复数形式,确定系动词的单复数,还要注意时态和一些固定搭配等.
3.The rubbish near the river .Please clean it up as soon as possible.( )
A.smells bad B.is smelt bad
C.smells badly D.is smelt badly
【分析】河边的垃圾非常难闻.请尽快清理干净.
【解答】答案:A 根据主语是"rubbish"意思是"垃圾",系动词为smell,意思是"闻上去",可知,主语是不可数名词,当作单数第三人称,谓语动词smell是感官动词,感官动词被视为系动词,整句话构成了:主语+系动词+表语 结构的句型.在主系表结构中,常用形容词来充当表语,故选A
【点评】本题主要考查 主语+系动词+表语,这种句型,要留意 smell,look,feel,taste,sound,作为感官动词时当作表语,后面可以跟形容词作表语.
4."The children are playing in the park."The main structure of the sentence is ______.( )
A.S+V B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P
【分析】"孩子们在公园玩."句子的主要结构是什么.
【解答】考查主语+不及物动词.句意"孩子们在公园玩.句子的主要结构是什么."主语+不及物动词的句子,共同点是谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,不需加宾语.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等. 所以The children are playing in the park.这句话是由主语加谓语构成的.故选:A。
【点评】弄清句子结构以及主语+不及物动词的句子特点.
5.What is the sentence pattern of "I love English."?( )
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
【分析】"I love English."是什么句型?
【解答】本题考查的句子结构分析.分析在句子I love English中,I 是主语;love 是谓语动词;English 是宾语,因此属于S+V+O句型.
故选:B。
【点评】解答本题时,要先分析句子类型及句子中的各个成分.
6.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."?( )
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC
【分析】Linda bought a book yesterday的句型是什么?
【解答】Linda是主语S,buy是及物动词为V即谓语,后加宾语a book,故答案是B.
故选:B。
【点评】英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一:S+V (主+谓)
基本句型二:S+V+P (主+系+表)
基本句型三:S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四:S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
7.The sentence structure of "I often hear Simon sing English songs" is ______________.( )
A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO
【分析】我经常听到西蒙唱英语歌.
【解答】hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事,属于简单句中典型的"主语S+及物动词V+宾语DO+宾语补足语OC"句式.
故选:B。
【点评】注意简单句五种基本句式的缩写含义,同时也要注意与tell sb. sth.之类的双宾语句式区分开.
8.The sentence structure of"Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively."is _______.( )
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
【分析】句中"我们的老师总能让他们的课生动有趣"的结构是…
【解答】答案:C
句中our teachers是主语,make是谓语,classes是宾语,interesting and lively是宾语补足语.故选:C。
【点评】本题考查句型结构分析,简单句的五种基本句型是:S十V主谓结构;主语+不及物动词;S十V十P主系表结构;主语+连系动词+表语 S十V十O主谓宾结构;主语+及物动词+宾语 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构.
9.It's hot here.Please keep the windows _______.( )
A.closing B.open C.opened
【分析】这儿很热,请让窗户开着.
【解答】答案:B.考查搭配.句意"这儿很热,请让窗户开着.".A结尾的.B打开、开着的,动词/形容词.C过去式/过去分词.keep sth+adj使某物处于某种状态,这里用形容词作宾补.结合语境"这儿很热",可知,应该是让窗户开着.
故选:B.
【点评】考查宾语补足语.形式有很多,比如,形容词,名词,不定式等都可以做宾补,要结合语境,分析用法,选择适当形式完成试题.
10.Though she often makes her little brother ,she was made by him this morning.( )
A.cry;to cry B.to cry;cry
C.cry;cry D.to cry;to cry
【分析】虽然她经常让她弟弟哭,但今天早上她却被他弄哭了.
【解答】答案:A.考查主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语.句意"虽然她经常让她弟弟哭,但今天早上她却被他弄哭了.".第一个空,make sb.do sth让某人做某事.句型中,用省略to的动词不定式作宾补.因此B,D不正确.第二个空,在被动语态中,make sb.do sth的不定式不省略,因此C不正确.故选A.
【点评】考查主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,这里要掌握make sb do sth的用法,及被动语态中make后不省略不定式的知识点.结合语境完成试题.
11.The sentence structure of"We must keep our classroom clean and tidy."is ______.( )
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【分析】句子"我们必须保持教室干净整洁"的结构是~
【解答】考查句子结构辨析.分析句子结构,we是主语(S),must keep是谓语(V),our classroom是宾语(DO),clean and tidy是宾语补足语(OC),用来说明教室的状态,所以选择D.
故选:D。
【点评】考查 句子成分,句子结构 等考点的理解,应根据句子含义进行合理分析,最后确定答案.
12.The funny film makes me .( )
A.laugh B.to laugh
C.laughing D.to laughing
【分析】这部滑稽的电影让我发笑.
【解答】答案:A
根据题意"这部滑稽的电影让我发笑",考查句型make sb do sth,使某人做某事,make后面接的是省略to的动词不定式,故答案为A.
【点评】熟悉哪些常见动词接省略to的动词不定式,结合题意给出答案.
13.There___ a pen and some books on the desk.( )
A.is B.are C.were D.am
【分析】在书桌上有一支钢笔和一些书.
【解答】根据句意: 在书桌上有一支钢笔和一些书.可知there be句型中的主语既有单数也有复数,动词根据"临近原则"决定,a pen是单数.
故选:A.
【点评】熟悉there be句型的基本方法,结合题意,给出答案.
14.﹣﹣Will there a football match on CCTV 5 this evening?
﹣﹣Yes.There usually football matches on Sunday evenings.( )
A.have; have B.be; will be
C.are; are D.be; are
【分析】﹣﹣今天晚上在央视5频道有一场足球赛吗?
﹣﹣是的,通常是在星期日晚上有足球比赛.
【解答】答案:D 考查there be句型,根据句中的 this evening今天是上,可知时态是一般将来时,there be句型的一般将来时的构成 是There will be 和 There is/are going to be,故第一个空要用be,第二个空根据句意通常是在星期日晚上的足球比赛.是习惯,所以时态是一般现在时,主语 football matches 是复数,故be动词要用are,
故选:D。
【点评】考查there be句型,准确的分析句子结构,用合适的be动词完成句子.
15.There _____ more cars in two years in Hefei.The city will be more crowded. ( )
A.will have B.is going to have
C.will be D.are going to have
【分析】在合肥两年内会有更多的汽车.这个城市会更拥挤.
【解答】答案:C.
根据There _____ more cars in two years in Hefei,这里 in two years 表示一个将来的时间.可知考查there be句型的一般将来时,there is/are going to be或者there will be,结合选项,故选C.
【点评】熟悉there be句型的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
16. the watermelon in the fridge for a while can make it nicer.( )
A.Keeping;taste B.To keep;to taste
C.Keep;taste D.Keeping;to taste
【分析】把西瓜放在冰箱里一会儿可以使它尝起来更好吃.
【解答】根据句意:把西瓜放在冰箱里一会儿可以使它尝起来更好吃.可知动名词短语作主语,谓语部分是can make;第二空考查make sb do sth使某人做某事.
故选:A。
【点评】熟悉祈使句的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
17.﹣Do you think you can do that task without help?
﹣______.This is not the first time for me.( )
A.Take care B.Hurry up
C.Not exactly D.Don't worry
【分析】你认为没有帮助你能完成那项任务吗?别担心,这已经不是我第一次了.
【解答】答案:D 分析句子,结合选项,推测出意思是你认为没有帮助你能完成那项任务吗?别担心,这已经不是我第一次了.故选D别担心.A小心,B赶快,C不完全.
【点评】解答这类试题时,务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系,找到解题的依据,同时正确区分选项的细微差别,准确作答.
18.﹣________run in the hallways.
﹣________,Ms.White.( )
A.Don't;No B.Don't;Excuse me
C.Don't;Sorry D.Do;Thank you
【分析】﹣﹣不要在走廊里跑.
﹣﹣对不起,怀特女士.
【解答】答案:C.考查祈使句.句意"﹣﹣不要在走廊里跑.﹣﹣对不起,怀特女士.".祈使句通常以动词原形开头,否定形式在句首加Don't.因此D不正确.结合语境"不要在走廊里跑.",可知,做错事情应该说"对不起",A,B不正确.答案是C.
【点评】查祈使句.表示请求、命令等的句子叫祈使句.通常以动词原形开头,否定形式通常是在句首用don't,let's后+not等.要结合语境完成练习.
19.﹣ terrible mess you have made!
﹣Sorry, I will clear it up right now.( )
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【分析】﹣﹣你搞得一团糟!
﹣﹣对不起,我现在就把它清理干净.
【解答】根据 ﹣﹣terrible mess you have made! 可知这是一个感叹句,修饰的中心词是一个可数名词mess,前面被形容词terrible修饰,故用what,因terrible是以辅音音素开头的单词,故前面加冠词a.
故选:B.
【点评】1、what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式:1.What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或是:What+名词词组+主语+谓语!2.What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!
2、How引导的感叹句. how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词.其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!
20.﹣﹣Many people say the temperature in Wuxi this spring is just like a roller coaster.
﹣﹣ I can't agree more. __________________________!( )
A.What a strange weather
B.How a strange weather
C.What changeable weather
D.How changeable weather
【分析】﹣﹣很多人说今年春天无锡的气温就像过山车一样.
﹣﹣我非常同意.多么多变的天气啊!
【解答】根据I can't agree more. __________________________!可知这里考查了感叹句,本句的中心词是weather,它是一个不可数名词,changeable是一个形容词,在这里修饰weather,根据What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!这里应该用what.
故选:C.
【点评】本题考查了感叹句的用法.解答时需注意感叹句的基本结构:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
21. fun we have with each other at lunchtime.( )
A.How; to chat B.What; chatting
C.What; to chat D.How; chatting
【分析】午饭时我们彼此聊得多开心啊!
【解答】答案:B.
根据 fun we have with each other at lunchtime!可知这里考查了感叹句,本句的中心词是fun,它是一个不可数名词,根据What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!这里应该用what,而have fun doing sth表示很高兴做某事.故选B.
【点评】本题考查了感叹句的用法.解答时需注意感叹句的基本结构:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
22.This ______ my brother and those ______ my friends.( )
A.is; are B.are; is C.are; are D.is; is
【分析】这是我的兄弟,那些是我的朋友.
【解答】根据This ______ my brother and those ______ my friends.可知这里this是单数,用is,而those是复数,用are.
故选:A.
【点评】熟悉主谓一致的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
23.This pair of red shoes __________ leather.May I __________?( )
A.are made of; try them on
B.is made of; try it on
C.are made of; try it on
D.is made of; try them on
【分析】这双红色的鞋子是皮的.我可以试一下吗?
【解答】句意:这双红色的鞋子是皮制的.我可以试一下吗?根据题干中"This pair of red shoes"可知句子的主语是pair 是单数形式,所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式,而用代词代替一双鞋的时候应该用them.
故选:D.
【点评】本题考查主谓一致,先弄清谓语部分是什么,再根据最近的主语来选择正确答案.
24.Lucy and Lily ________ a new bike.( )
A.have B.has C.there is D.there are
【分析】露西和莉莉有一辆新自行车.
【解答】根据句意:露西和莉莉有一辆新自行车.可知表示人有用have/has,there be表示某地有某物.主语是复数,用have.、
故选:A.
【点评】熟悉主谓一致的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
25.If our government __________ pay attention to the safety of food,our health in danger.( )
A.isn't; is B.doesn't; will be
C.won't; is D.isn't; will be
【分析】翻译:如果我们的政府现在不注意控制食品安全,我们的健康就会处于危险之中.
【解答】此句考查的是if引导条件状语从句,if条件状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时.第一个空,从句含有实意动词pay,一般现在时态,主语our government第三人称单数,否定句用助动词doesn't.第二个空,一般将来时用will be.
故选:B.
【点评】本题考查的是由if引导条件状语从句,解题时要注意主句将来时态,条件状语从句中用一般现在时态.
26.If Nancy ______ the exam,she will go to Australia for English study.( )
A.pass B.passed C.passes D.will pass
【分析】翻译:如果南希通过了这次考试,她将要去澳大利亚学习英语.
【解答】答案:C.南茜将去澳大利亚学习英语,描述将来动作.根据主将从现的原则,可知条件状语从句中一般用现在时态表示将来动作,从句主语南希是单数第三人称,谓语动词用三单形式passes,故选C.
【点评】考查条件状语从句的时态.当英语主句描述将来动作时,根据主将从现的原则,条件状语从句中一般用现在时态表示将来动作.
27.﹣﹣____ brave Zhang Hua is!
﹣﹣Yes.He helped his neighbour,Mrs.Sun out of the fire.( )
A.What a B.How C.How a D.What
【分析】根据句意:﹣﹣张华是多么勇敢啊!﹣﹣是的.他把他的邻居Mrs.Sun从火里救了出来.
【解答】英语中how引导的感叹句的句型是:How+形容词+主语+谓语+其他!what引导的感叹句的句型是:What(+a/an)+名词+主语+谓语+其他!根据题目中所给的单词,形容词是brave,主语是Zhang Hua,谓语是is,应用how来引导.
故选:B。
【点评】本题考查的是英语中感叹句的构成,要注意what和how引导的句型的不同,才能做出正确的选择.
28.Every year a lot of tourists travel to Hainan,because it's ________island( )
A.so a beautiful B.so beautiful
C.such a beautiful D.a such beautiful
【分析】每年,许多游客去海南,因为它是一个如此漂亮的岛.
【解答】答案C so是副词,后面的中心词是形容词,如果后面出现单数可数名词的时候,词序是:so+形容词+a/an+名词.such是形容词,后面的中心词是名词,出现单数可数名词的时候,词序是:such+a/an+形容词+名词.根据such后面的词序,
故选:C.
【点评】首先要区分so和such的词性,如果后面出现单数可数名词,要注意它们的词序.
29.﹣They didn't go to the park yesterday.
﹣___________.( )
A.So we did B.So did we
C.Neither we did D.Neither did we
【分析】﹣﹣昨天他们没有去公园.
﹣﹣我们也没有去.
【解答】答案:D.本题所考查的知识点是对固定句式的理解."So+助动词/情态动词/be+主语"这一结构主要用来说明前者所说的情况也适应后者,意为"…也一样"根据题干,在这个结构中的助动词要根据前者的情况保持一致;其否定结构构成是"Nor/Neither+助动词/情态动词/be+主语","表示…也不";对于助动词、情态动词和be动词的用法,应根据前句使用的词加以选择,与前句的词保持一致.根据前句的didn't可知,本句应用did;再根据题干"昨天他们没有去公园"可知,答语应是"我们也没有去",应用neither;故选D.
【点评】在解答此类题时要熟练掌握固定句式和语法知识并且要正确区分它们的用法,进行活学活用.
30.﹣I think the plan is just a waste of time.What do you think?
﹣Well,if you don't support the plan,________.( )
A.neither do I B.so do I
C.neither will I D.so will I
【分析】我认为这个计划就是浪费时间,你认为呢?
那么,如果你不支持这个计划,我也不.
【解答】答案;C,此处考查也不这一说法,属于倒装结构,表示的是其他情况也不是这样,结构为neither/nor+do/be/情态动词+代词/名词,Well,if you don't support the plan,________.本句型中if引导的条件状语从句主将从现,if you don't support the plan用一般现在时态,主句用neither will I
【点评】本题考查倒装结构,熟练掌握倒装及so 与neither 的区别是解答此题的关键.