(共44张PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring literature
高中同步导练 英语必修第二册
Section One: Welcome to the unit & Reading
1. ____________ adj. 感觉敏锐的； 体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
2. ____________ n. 灵魂；心性，内心
3. ____________ vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思
4. ____________ vt. & vi. 唤起，被唤起； (使)醒来
5. ____________ vt. 使(船)下水；开始从事， 发动
6. ____________ n. 永久，持久性
sensitive
soul
reflect
awaken
launch
permanence
I.重点词汇
7. ____________ vt. 包含，含有，容纳
8. ____________ n. 要素，基本部分
9. ____________ n. 总结，概括，概要
10. ____________ n. 特色，特征 vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征
11. ____________ n. 作者，作家
12. ____________ adv. 因此，所以
I.重点词汇
element
summary
contain
feature
author
therefore
13. ____________ n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt. 宣布，公布
14. ____________ adj. 上部的；上面的
15. ____________ n. 差距；间隙
16. ____________ n. (事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境
17. ____________ adj. 特定的；明确的，具体的
upper
I.重点词汇
gap
context
specific
issue
1. ____________ n. 文学，文学作品→____________ adj. 文学的，文学上的
2. ____________ vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁→____________ adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的
3. ____________ vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心→____________ adj. 坚决的，有决心的→______________ n. 决心，决定
4. ____________ adj. 有重要意义的，显著的→____________ n. 重要性，意义
literature
literary
II.词汇拓展
appeal
appealing
determine
determined
determination
significant
significance
5. ____________ n. 描述，形容，说明→____________ vt. 描写，描述
6. ____________ adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的→____________ n. 能力，才能
7. ____________ adj. 普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的→____________ n. 宇宙
8. ____________ n. (长篇)小说→____________ n. 小说家
description
capable
II.词汇拓展
capability
describe
universal
universe
novel
novelist
1. ____________________ 致力，专心，献身
2. ____________________ 一系列，各种
3. ____________________ 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)
4. appeal to ____________________
5. __________________ 总的来说
6. draw on ____________________
devote oneself to
III.重点短语
in store (for sb.)
a range of
吸引；呼吁
in summary
凭借，利用
1. _______________________ was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. (P44)让小孩惊奇的并非是一个新的世界，而是这没有引人注目的古老音乐。
2. Some such experience as this lies _______________ when we begin the study of literature.(P44)当我们开始学习文学时，我们可能就会有一些像这样的体验。
What amazed the child
IV.重点句式
in store for us
3. To enter and enjoy this new world, we need to love literature, and ____________________ explain it.(P44) 热爱文学，努力诠释，我们才能走进并享受这个新世界。
4. The third quality of literature, ____________________________， is its permanence. (P45)文学不同于另外两个的第三个特征，便是永恒。
IV.重点句式
make an effort to
coming out of the other two
Ⅰ.快速阅读课文，回答以下问题。
1. How many significant qualities should literature have What are they
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________2. What elements should literature’s permanence contain
______________________________________________________________
3. What is literature
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
It should contain universal interest and personal style.
Three. Literature’s description of truth and beauty, its appeal to our feelings and imagination and its permanence.
Literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul.
ⅠⅠ.根据课文,写一篇60词左右的课文概要。
One possible version：
When beginning the study of literature, we need to love literature and make an effort to explain it.(要点1) Good literature contains three significant qualities：its description of truth and beauty, its appeal to our feelings and imagination and its permanence.(要点2)In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man's thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul.(要点3)
1．devote oneself to致力，专心，献身
教材原句：My meaning simply is, that whatever I have tried to do in life, I have tried with all my heart to do well; that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely; that in great aims and in small, I have always been thoroughly in earnest. (P43) —David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens我的意思很简单，就是无论我在生活中试图做什么，我都全力以赴地做好它；无论我献身于什么事业，我都毫无保留地献身于它；无论做大事还是小事，我总是一丝不苟，兢兢业业。——《大卫·科波菲尔》查尔斯·狄更斯
【功能注释】本句是由三个that引导的表语从句，其中又含有两个whatever引导的让步状语从句。devote oneself to中的to为介词。
【衍生词】
devoted adj. 挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的
devotion n. 挚爱，关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚，专心，热心
注意：devote的分词形式作状语时，其后若无宾语则用过去分词，其后若有宾语则用现在分词：Devoted to his research (＝Devoting himself to his research), he spared no time to spend a weekend with us. 因为致力于研究，他抽不出时间与我们共度周末。
【名师点拨】表示“专心于/致力于做某事”的短语还有bend oneself to、be bent on、be absorbed in、keep one’s mind on、apply one’s mind to、be devoted to、commit oneself to等。
【经典例句】
He devoted himself entirely to his research work, having no time to play.＝He was devoted to his research work, having no time to play. 他全身心地投入到他的研究工作中，没有时间玩。
[边学边练]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)She got the prize for her __________ (devote) to the poor children.
(2)They devoted a great deal of money to __________ (improve) to railway station.
(3)There was a time when some people's lives were ____________ (devote) simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle.
(4)她致力于自己的事业。
She __________________ her career.
(5)我将继续奉献出我的时间和精力去达成我的梦想！
I will continue to ______________________ to helping my dream come true!
devotion
improving
devoted
devoted herself to
devote my time and energy
2．appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁
教材原句：Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic.(P44)让一首小曲娱悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵， 这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。
【功能注释】这是一个祈使句。a world of dreams and magic在句中作同位语。
【常见搭配】
appeal to sb. 呼吁某人；对某人有吸引力
appeal for sth. 对某事的呼吁
appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁某人做某事 appeal to a court 向法庭上诉
make an appeal 作出呼吁；提出上诉
【衍生词】
appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的
【经典例句】
The police appealed to the crowd not to panic. 警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌。
It is almost impossible to make a TV program appeal to viewers of all ages. 要使一个电视节目同时吸引不同年龄的观众几乎是不可能的。
[边学边练]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)While this sounds highly __________ (appeal), it does not work.
(2)设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
The design has to _______________________________.
(3)我代表饥荒灾民呼吁捐款。
I _________________________ on behalf of the famine victims.
(4)披头士乐队的感染力经久不衰。
The Beatles have never really _______________.
appealing
appeal to all ages and social groups
am appealing for donations
lost their appeal
3．determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心
教材原句：The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. (P44)首先得确定它的一些特征。
【功能注释】这是一个简单句。句中不定式短语to determine some of its significant qualities作表语。
【常见搭配】
determine to do sth.＝determine on (doing) sth. 决定做某事(表动作)
(＝make up one’s mind to do sth.)
【衍生词】
determined adj. 坚决的，有决心的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表状态)
determination n. 决心，决定
with determination 有决心地
have the determination to do sth.有决心做某事
a person with determination＝a determined person 一个意志坚强的人
【名师点拨】
在需要用动词 ed形式作状语的句子中，常用determined…， 而不用being determined…。类似的还有seated、lost、hidden、convinced等。
【经典例句】
She determined to get the task done ahead of time.＝She was determined to get the task done ahead of time.＝She had the determination to get the task done ahead of time. 她有决心提前完成任务。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)Yet, I was determined ________ (go) ahead.(2018·北京卷)
(2)___________ (determine) to make school more related to workplace, he developed a school to work program.
(3)We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and ______________ (determine)．
(4)I have determined __________ going to the countryside after graduation.
to go
Determined
determination
on/upon
4．description n. 描述，形容，说明
教材原句：The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. (P45)文学的第一个特征是对真与美的描述。
【常见搭配】
give a description of 描述……
fit/match one’s description 与描述的内容相符
beyond description 难以形容的
【衍生词】
describe vt. 描写，描述
describe…as 把……描述为
descriptive adj. 描写的，叙述的
【经典例句】
The description which he had been given was brief and to the point. 他所作的描述简明扼要。
[边学边练]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Although her ____________ (describe) sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we refused.
(2)Tom described himself ________ a kind man.
(3)西藏的美难以形容。
The beauty of Tibet is __________________.
(4)那女孩对她所见到的作了一番生动的描述。
This girl ________________________ what she had seen.
description
as
beyond description
gave a vivid description of
5．reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思
教材原句：…just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. (P45)……这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。
【常见搭配】
reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考；沉思
reflect well/badly/etc. on sb./sth. 使给人以好的/坏的/其他印象
【衍生词】
reflection n. 映像；映照出的影像；(声、光、热等的)反射；反映；显示；表达
reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的；反光的；代表性的
【经典例句】
Teachers know that low exam results will reflect badly on them. 老师知道考试成绩低会给他们带来不好的影响。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)A good movie can make us reflect ____________ human values.
(2)Before I decide, I need time ____________ (reflect)．
(3)Your clothes are often a ____________ (reflect) of your personality.
(4)Everything you do or say is ____________ (reflect) of your personality.
on
to reflect
reflection
reflective
6．capable adj. 有能力；有才能；能力强的
教材原句：One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before. (P45)读到这句诗的人可以发现曾视而不见的美。
【功能注释】这个句子的主句是One is capable of seeing the beauty，句中先是有一个who引导的定语从句，先行词为One，然后又出现一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是beauty。
【常见搭配】
be capable of (doing) sth.有能力做某事
【衍生词】
capability n. 能力，才能
capability to do sth./of doing sth. 做某事的能力
【经典例句】
We should be capable of facing with all difficulties at critical moments. 在关键时刻，我们应该有能力面对一切困难。
[边学边练]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable _______ writing composition and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.
(2)She is a very ____________ (capability) teacher.
(3)动物园的动物已经丧失自己捕食的能力。
Animals in the zoo ____________________________________________ for themselves.
capable
of
have lost the capability to catch/of catching food
7. launch vt. 使(船)下水；开始从事， 发动
教材原句：“Was this the face that launched a thousand ships？”…(P45)
……“这就是让一千艘战船起航的那张面孔吗？”……
【功能注释】这是一个强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其余部分(用陈述语序)，强调句子的主语the face。
【常见搭配】
launch a campaign/an investigation 发起一场运动/开始一项调查
【经典例句】
We launch a satellite into orbit and use it to send messages from continent to continent. 我们向太空轨道发射一颗卫星，使用它在大陆间传送信息。
[边学边练]用launch的适当形式填空
(1)The campaign ____________ with an intention of getting more people involved in helping homeless people.
(2)In 1970，China successfully ____________ a man made satellite.
(3)They ____________ on the production of passenger cars next month.
was launched
launched
will launch
8．“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句
教材原句：…he opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism. ……(P45)他便打开了一扇门，通过这扇门，我们的想象力抵达了一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的新世界。
【功能注释】本句中through which our imagination enters a new world 为“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词door。
【名师点拨】
(1)“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，此时不能用that代替which。
(2)当先行词为“人”时，关系代词用whom；当先行词为“物”时，关系代词用which。
The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look. 我曾经工作过的农场焕然一新。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)他为何缺席会议，没有给出任何理由。
The reason, ___________ he was absent from the meeting, wasn't given.
(2)中国是个美丽的国家，我们为之感到非常骄傲。
China is a beautiful country, ___________ we are greatly proud.
(3)我们班有六十名学生，其中二十名是女生。
There are sixty students in our class, _______________ are girls.
for which
of which
twenty of whom
9．contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳
教材原句：To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style. (P45)若要获得永恒，需要包含两个要素：共性与个性。
【功能注释】To achieve this在句中作目的状语，冒号后面是对前面的two elements作解释说明。
【衍生词】
container n. 容器
【易混辨析】contain, include
contain可用于表示包含全部的内容或数量，也可指里面所包含的成分。表“容纳”时相当于hold。
include只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。
The container contains many kinds of fruits, including apples/apples included. 这个容器里装有很多种水果，包括苹果。
【名师点拨】
(1)过去分词included放在被修饰的名词或代词后，起补充说明的作用，相当于“including＋名词/代词”。
(2)including为介词，后接名词、代词作宾语。
【经典例句】
His new book contained some interesting ideas. 他的新书包括一些有趣的思想。
[边学边练]用“辨析”词语的适当形式填空
(1)The price, 500 yuan, __________ the service charge.
＝The price is 500 yuan, service charge __________.
＝The price, __________ service charge, is 500 yuan.
(2)When birds eat dead bodies of other animals __________ lead (铅), they absorb large quantities of lead.
includes
included
including
containing
10．summary n. 总结，概括，概要
教材原句：In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. (P45)总之，文学是生命中真与美的表现形式，是人的思想和情感的书面纪录，是人类灵魂的历史。
【常见搭配】
in summary 总的来说 make a summary of… 概括，总结
【衍生词】
summarize vt. 概括
【经典例句】
In summary, I insist that you take the opinions of your teachers into consideration. 总之，我认为你要把老师们的观点考虑在内。
The professor summarized his lecture at last. 最后，教授对他的报告作了总结。
【名师点拨】
与in summary同义的有：to sum up、to conclude、in a word、in brief、in short、in conclusion、all in all。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)__________________ (总的来说), I wish this meeting every success!
(2)现将我们的几点结论综述如下。
The following is a ______________ of our conclusions.
(3)这篇文章基本上可以概述为3句话。
Basically, the article can _________________ in three sentences.
In summary
summary
be summarized(共59张PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring literature
高中同步导练 英语必修第二册
Section Two: Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
1. ____________ n. 话题；题目；标题
2. ____________ n. 部分，部门；部件，散件
3. ____________ adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的， 刻薄的
4. ____________ vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输
5. ____________ n. 火鸡；火鸡肉
6. ____________ n. 章节；篇章
7. ____________ n. 舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办
topic
section
transport
turkey
I.重点词汇
mean
chapter
stage
1. ____________ adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→____________ adv. 尤其， 特别
2. ____________ n. (同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→____________ vt. 收藏，收集；聚集；募捐→____________ n.收藏家，收集者
3. ____________ n.慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→____________ adj. 慷慨的，大方的，宽宏大量的→____________ adv. 慷慨地，大方地
4. ____________ n. 诗集，诗歌→____________ n. 诗，韵文→____________ n. 诗人
particular
collection
II.词汇拓展
collect
particularly
collector
poem
generous
generously
poetry
generosity
poet
1. ought to ________________
2. ________________ 尤其，特别
3. look through ________________
4. ________________ 很可能
5. come across ________________
6. to one's taste ________________
7. ________________ 起初，首先
应该，应当
III.重点短语
in particular
浏览
be likely to
偶遇，邂逅
合某人的口味
to start with
1. A book review can often tell you ___________________________________. (P48)书评可以告诉你一本书是否值得一读。
2. Take time to look through the collections in different sections of your local library, and you _____________________________you love to read. (P48)花点时间去浏览当地图书馆的不同类别的藏书，你可能邂逅你喜欢读的书。
3. Over time, you may find yourself better able to _______________________ and enjoy reading all the more. (P48)久而久之，你会发现自己能够更好地挑选适合自己口味的书，并更加陶醉于其中。
whether a book is worth reading or not
IV.重点句式
are likely to come across books
seek out books to your taste
1．“疑问词＋不定式”结构
教材原句：If you are not sure what to read, you can get ideas from different sources, but it is also important to develop your own taste.(P48)如果你不确定读什么书，可以从不同的信息源中得到答案，但养成自己的品位也很重要。
【功能注释】这个句子当中有一个if引导的条件状语从句，后面出现了“疑问词＋不定式”的结构。后一句it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to develop your own taste。
【名师点拨】
what to read是“疑问词＋不定式”结构，这种结构是由复合句转化而成的，该结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。
How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. (作主语) 如何开始比到哪里停止还困难。
I showed her which button to press. (作宾语)我告诉她应该按哪一个按钮。
She was worried about how to spare her leisure time. (介词后作宾语)她为如何打发她的闲暇时间而发愁。
The question is how to carry out the plan. (作表语)问题是怎么执行这个计划。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)明天什么时候出发还没有定下来。
________________ tomorrow hasn't been decided yet.
(2)我不知道如何与同学相处。
I don't know ______________________ my classmates.
(3)问题是在哪儿搭建帐篷。
The question is ________________ the tent.
(4)我们想要参加旨在教如何快速阅读的课程。
We want to attend the class that aims to teach _________________.
When to set off
how to get along with
where to set up
how to read fast
2．ought to modal v. 应该，应当
教材原句：To start with, ask your friends, parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read.(P48)首先，你可以询问朋友、父母、老师，建议你该读什么书。
【功能注释】这个句子当中有一个祈使句，recommend后面有一个what引导的宾语从句。
【名师点拨】
(1)ought to语气比should重，多表示责任、义务、道德、法律等方面。
(2)ought to的否定形式为 ought not to或 oughtn’t to，其一般疑问句形式是将 ought置于主语前。
—Ought you to go to the hospital？——你应该去医院吗？
—Yes, I ought (to)．——是的，我该去。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)每个公民都要遵守法律。
Every citizen ________________.
(2)你不应该做这件事。
You ________________ it.
(3)你走之前我有件事要告诉你。
There is something I ________________ before you leave.
ought to obey law
ought not to do
ought to tell you
3．particular adj. 特别的；格外的；特指的；挑剔的
教材原句：Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. (P48)特别是教师可以为有趣的阅读材料提供建议，这些材料很容易在图书馆或书店找到。
【常见搭配】
in particular 尤其，特别(＝particularly adv.)
be particular about 对……挑剔，对……讲究
【名师点拨】
(1)in particular相当于particularly或especially。
The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是酒好。
(2)in particular常用在anyone、anything、anywhere、no one、nothing、nowhere等不定代词后面。
Is there anyone in particular that you want to talk to 你是否特别想跟某人说话？
[边学边练]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Teenagers shouldn't be particular __________ food but eat whatever food good for their health.
(2)Why did you choose that book ____________ (particular)
(3)他的发言是泛指一般情况， 不是针对某一个人的。
His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone ________________.
about
particularly
in particular
4．whether引导宾语从句
教材原句：A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not. (P48)书评会告诉你一本书是否值得一读。
【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句，句中whether引导动词后的宾语从句。
【名师点拨】whether不仅可以引导宾语从句，还可以引导其他名词性从句，意为“是否”。本句中whether引导的是宾语从句。
【易混辨析】whether, if
whether与if作“是否”讲时，都可以引导名词性从句，两者在用法上有相同之处，但也有不同之处。
相同之处
(1)whether和if表示“是否”时，都能引导宾语从句，这时两者可以互换，常置于see、ask、learn、tell、wonder、doubt、find out等动词(词组)之后。
(2)在be uncertain/doubtful之后，常用whether引导宾语从句，有时也可以用if。
I don't know whether/if they will come to help us. 我不知道他们是否会来帮助我们。
不同之处
(1)whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能；但如果it作形式主语，则主语从句中可以用if。
(2)在宾语从句中，如果从句中有or not时，分两种情况：
①当whether与or not连成一个词组时，whether不可换用if。
②若whether和or not不连在一起，在口语中可以用if取代whether。
(3)whether可用在介词之后，引导宾语从句，而if不能。
(4)whether可引导表语从句，而if不能。
(5)在名词之后引导同位语从句时，用whether而不用if。
We must consider the question whether our daughter should marry him. 我们必须考虑我们的女儿是否要嫁给他这个问题。
(6)whether后可接不定式，而if不能。
(7)在有些动词(如discuss)之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。
(8)可能造成歧义时，用whether而不用if。
[边学边练]用“辨析”词语填空
(1)He asked me ____________ I could help him.
(2)She can’t decide __________ to marry him.
(3)We discussed __________ we should close the shop.
(4)The point is __________ he will accept it or not.
(5)Success depends on __________ we make enough effort.
(6)She asked me __________ or not I could finish the task in a day.
(7)The question __________ the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
(8)__________ he will come is not certain.
＝It is not certain ____________ he will come.
whether/if
whether
if/whether
whether
whether
whether
whether
whether
whether
5．祈使句＋and＋陈述句句式
教材原句：Take time to look through the collections in different sections of your local library, and you are likely to come across books you love to read.(P48)花点时间去浏览当地图书馆的不同类别的藏书，你可能会邂逅你喜欢读的书。
【基本用法】
“祈使句＋and＋陈述句句式”中祈使句相当于条件状语从句，陈述句相当于结果主句。
Work hard and you will pass your examination.＝If you work hard, you will pass your examination.
努力学习，你就会通过考试。
【名师点拨】
(1)此句式若为“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”，祈使句相当于一个if引导的否定句。如：
Hurry up or you’ll be late.＝If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。
(2)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”中名词词组通常含有more、another、further等词。
It is really very dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well. 真的很危险。 再走一步，宝宝就会掉进井里。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)关上你身后的恐惧之门，你就会看到信心之门在你面前敞开。
________ the door of fear behind you, ________________ the door of faith open before you.
(2)看这些新闻，你就知道世界上最近发生了什么。
_______________，and you will know what has happened recently in the world.
(3)要是早来几分钟，我就能见到那位著名的科学家了。
______________________，and I could have seen the famous scientist.
Close
Read the news
and you'll see
A few minutes earlier
6．find后接复合宾语
教材原句：Over time, you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste and enjoy reading all the more. (P48)久而久之，你会发现自己能够更好地挑选适合自己口味的书，并更加陶醉于其中。
【功能注释】这是一个简单句。句中反身代词yourself是动词find的宾语，better able to seek out books to your taste作宾语补足语。
【名师点拨】
(1)“find＋宾语(sb./sth.)＋宾补(形容词/名词/代词/副词/介词短语)”意为“觉得/发现某人/某物……”
He found the text difficult to understand.他发现这篇课文很难理解。(形容词)
I found it a boring film.我发现那是一部乏味的影片。(名词)
Mary hurried there, only to find them all out.玛丽匆匆赶到那，结果发现他们都出去了。(副词)
When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.当他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。(介词短语)
(2)“find＋宾语(sb./sth.)＋宾补(doing/done)”意为“发现某人/某物正在……/被……”
We found him waiting to meet us.我们发现他正等着迎接我们。(现在分词)
The old man found his hometown much changed.这位老人发现自己的家乡有了很大的变化。(过去分词)
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)露西发现鲍勃很诚实。
______________________________________________________________(2)你会发现她是一个漂亮的女孩。
______________________________________________________________
(3)我发现很多人已经在那里工作了。
______________________________________________________________
(4)她发现孩子们在操场上玩。
______________________________________________________________(5)当我们到达教室时，发现门已经锁了。
______________________________________________________________
You will find her a beautiful girl.
Lucy finds Bob very honest.
I found a number of people already working there.
She found the children playing on the playground.
When we got to the classroom, we found the door locked.
7．divide sth. into把某物分成
教材原句：Novel is usually divided into several chapters.(P50)小说通常被分为很多个章节。
【经典例句】
We divided the work between us. 我们共同分担了这项工作。
[边学边练]用“辨析”词语的适当形式填空
(1)Do you agree with the statement that boys and girls should be educated in __________ classrooms using different teaching techniques
(2)United we stand, __________ we fall.
(3)A narrow strait (海峡) __________ North America from Asia.
(4)Joe __________ us into two groups to clean up the forest.
divided
separate
separates
divided
过去将来时
感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题
①We must know all these, if the book is to speak its whole message.
②A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass…
③To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style.
④It also takes on a personal style—no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences.
1. 以上四个句子都使用了情态动词，其后都接动词________。
2. 句①中的must表示必要性，意为“________”。
3. 句②中的may表示猜测，意为“________”。
4. 句③中的should表示劝告或建议，意为“________”。
5. 句④中的can表示能力，意为“________”。
原形
必须
可能
应该
能够
一、情态动词总概
1. 朗读左边小段落，完成右边的小结
Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds. Yet he must work hard to win the gold medal. When he won the gold medal, people all over Asia must have felt proud of him. 这三个划线词都是__________，意义分别为_________________________、_________________、________
___________________________。
情态动词
“能够”，表能力
“必须”，表义务
“肯定”，
对过去的肯定的推测
现在进行时(be＋现在分词)定义：情态动词表示说话人的某种____________，对某一动作或状态的某种____________。表示“需要、可以、必须、应当”等。完成时(have/has＋过去分词)
(1)can, could, be able to (可能， 能够) (2)may, might (可以， 可能)
(3)must, have to (必须， 不得不) (4)should, ought to (应该， 应当)
(5)need (需要) (6)shall, will, would (愿意)
(7)dare (敢) (8)used to (过去常常)
基本用法 (1)情态动词后面接____________，并与动词原形一起构成____________。
(2)情态动词虽有时态的变化，却没有____________的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加s(have to和be able to除外)。
(3)情态动词变为疑问句将情态动词移至_______前。
感情或语气
态度
动词原形
谓语
人称和数
主语
2. 情态动词的定义、分类及基本用法回顾
语法
功能 例句 归纳总结
Ability(表能力) He can speak English now.
He couldn’t speak English a year ago.
I’m not able to come to the game on Friday.
It’s nice to be able to attend the lecture.
A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily everyone was able to run out of the building. (1)can/could 只能表示____________的能力。be able to 能用于__________时态。
3. 情态动词的语法功能
现在或过去
各种
Obligation(表义务) You must fasten your seat belts.
You have to go home on foot now for the last bus has left.
You should pay attention.
You ought to pay attention. (2)must 表______观上的“必须，不得不”。have to 表______观上的“必须，不得不”。ought to→should→
have to→must 语气由______________。
主
客
弱到强
Certainty (肯定) He is at home. (事实)
He must be at home.(非常肯定的推断)
He ought to/should/could be at home.(很可能)
He may be at home.(仅仅可能而已)
He might be at home.(或许， 非常不确定)
He couldn’t be at home.(很可能不在家)
He can’t be at home.(一定不在家)
He isn’t at home.(事实) (3)不同的“肯定”语气由____________。
强到弱
Permission(许可) All passengers may now board.
We can board now.
—Can I watch the Olympics
—Yes, you can．/No, you can't．
—Might I go shopping —Yes, you may．/No, you may not． (4)might、could 比较________，一般多用于____________句。can、may表达的语言比较______。在以could、might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用语气较强的_________。
委婉
疑问
随便
can或may
Make requests
(提出请求) Can you help me with my training
Could you help me with my training 不正式：will、can正式：could、would
Make suggestions
(提出建议) Shall we do some exercise this morning
Give advice
(提出意见) You shouldn't eat a lot before swimming.
情态动词 语法功能 边学边练
must 1. must可以表示“必须”，也可以表推测“一定，肯定”。表示推测时， 只能用于肯定句。
2. must be doing/do 表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测；must have done表示对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测。
3. must表推测只能用于肯定句。否定和疑问分别用can't和can。He must tell a lie.Can he tell a lie？He can't tell a lie.
4. must用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定式用 needn't或don't have to，表示 “不必”。mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”。 翻译/补全句子
(1)这台电脑肯定出了问题。______________________________________________________________________
(2)你努力学了一整天， 一定累了吧。______________________________________________________________________
(3)他现在一定在看小说。___________________________________
(4)他们在打篮球。他们一定完成了作业。______________________________________________________________________
(5)—Must I go there right now？—Yes, you ______．/ No, you ______________
________.
二、情态动词的详细用法
There must be something wrong with the computer.
You have worked hard all day, and you must be tired.
He must be reading novels now.
They are playing basketball. They must have finished their homework.
must
needn't或don’t
have to
can、could和be able to 1. can、be able to都可表示“能力”。can的主语是人或物，be able to的主语是人。can只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
2. can/could have done是对过去发生的行为的可能性进行推测；can/could have done 还可以表示“本能够做某事(却没有做)”。 用can、could和be able to填空/完成句子
(1)She _____________ sing the song in English.
(2)This machine ______________ make you feel comfortable.
(3)We'll ___________ finish the work soon.
(4)刚才我还看见他了， 所以他不可能出国的。
I saw him just now so he _________________ abroad.
(5)门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。
The door was locked. She _________________ at home.
(6)你本来可以考得更好。You ____________
_____ a better mark.
can/is able to
can
be able to
couldn't have gone
couldn't have been
couldn't have
had
shall和will 1. shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方承诺、决心、警告、威胁等。You shall borrow the book.你可以借这本书。2. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。要不要……？……好吗？Shall we go 我们该走了吧？
3. 表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。
4. will用于陈述句中表示决心或决定。 理解will或shall在句中的意义
(1)You shall have the book when I finish it.__________
(2)Shall we begin our class ____________
(3)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital __________
(4)Liu Mei will go and buy the tickets for the games.__________
允诺
征求意见
请示
决定
should和
ought to 1. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近。注意：should可表示“居然，竟然”。
2. should/ought to have done表示责备或批评，意为“本应该做到……但没有做到……” 用should或ought to填空
(1)Young people __________ learn how to use computers.
(2)I can't believe such a gentleman __________ be so rude to the old.
(3)You __________________ have told her the truth earlier.
should
should/ought to
should
mustn't和needn't 1. mustn't禁止，一定不能
2. needn't不必，没有必要 理解下列句子中mustn't或needn't 的意思
(1)You mustn't miss this football match. It's very important. ________________
(2)You mustn't enter the stadium without a ticket.________________
(3)You needn't watch the game if you don't want to.________________
(4)You needn't practice basketball five times a week. ________________
一定不能
禁止
没有必要
不必
dare
和
need 两个词既可以作情态动词，又可以是实义动词。 (1)他不敢说出他的想法。
He ________________ say what he thought.＝He ____________ say what he thought.
(2)你不必今天做完那项工作。
You ____________ finish that work today.＝You ____________ finish that work today.
didn't dare (to)
daren't
needn't
don't need to
1. The only thing that I __________ do was that I wished her a long life.
2. Since you have such good preparations, there __________ not be any problem about passing the coming job interview.
3. It has been accepted that all the students __________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.
4. Now I __________ like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind.
5. Anyone __________ be in a rough life time, whether he/she is “Bai Fumei” or “Gao Fushuai”．
用适当的情态动词填空
could
should
shall
would
can
6. —What a slow bus this is!
—Yes, we __________ just as well walk.
7. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother __________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
8. I love the weekend, because I __________ get up early.
9. It __________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
10. The principal in our school has recently passed a rule that students __________ wear school uniforms in our campus.
may/might
would
needn't
can't
shall
推 荐 信
【写作任务】
要求学生写一篇向图书馆推荐需要购买的书籍的信件。具体的写作要呈现以下几个特点：
1. 首先阐明写作目的；
2. 推荐书籍种类及原因；
3. 期待对方回复，并表示感谢。
【命题原则】
推荐信是写给单位、学校等介绍或说明应聘或求学人员情况的信件，其格式比较正规，用语也很正式。一般包括以下内容：
1. 应聘者的姓名、个人素质、工作态度和学习成绩；
2. 与推荐人之间的关系、相识时间及相知的程度；
3. 推荐人态度明确地支持接受应聘者。
【写作要点】
1. 导语：自我介绍及所推荐的人、物；
2. 主体：推荐理由；
3. 结尾：期待对方回复，并表示感谢。
【语言特点】
1. 推荐的主题要突出，内容要清楚；
2. 推荐的理由一定是与推荐的人或事紧密相连的；
3. 语言力求简洁明了。
【推荐人物的相关词汇及句型】
1. 能力：have a gift for, be skilled in, be experienced in, be an expert in, speak fluent English, creative, a boy with great ability, efficient, intelligent, etc.
2. 经历：graduate from, be a graduate from, major in, gain/win/get the first grade scholarship, get good grades, an all around student with excellent grades in, excellent grades in all subjects, be given the title of, gain/win the first place, win a gold/silver/copper medal, etc.
3. 性格：outgoing, easy to get along with, enthusiastic, enthusiasm is part of his character, etc.
4. He is an all around student with excellent grades in all subjects. He has been given the title of the “excellent student”．他是一个各科成绩优异的全方位发展的学生。他被给予了“优秀学生”的称号。
5. As a boy with great potential, he is good at solving difficult problems.作为一个很有潜力的学生，他擅长解决难题。
6. Li Ming, a graduate from Peking University, majors in computer software design.李明，北京大学毕业生，计算机软件设计专业。
7. He has enjoyed the reputation/title of the “excellent graduate”．他享有“优秀毕业生”的荣誉/称号。
【常用句型】
开头常用语
1. I am writing to recommend to you…
2. I would like to recommend to you…
3. It is a great honour for me to recommend to you…
4. I take the pleasure in recommending to you…
结尾常用语
1. If he can join your company, he will give full play to his talent. And your company will also be greatly benefited. So I strongly recommend…to you.
2. In a word, he would be a good choice. I would be grateful if you would like to consider my recommendation.
3. I hope you can give him a chance. I believe he will make a great contribution to your company.
4. I hope that you would take my recommendation into consideration/account.
【写作模板】
模板一
Dear ____________，
It affords me much pleasure to recommend ________ (要推荐的人)to you. During his/her graduate years, he/she was my ____________. As his/her ________ I found him/her __________. (介绍与此人的关系)
His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. First, he/she has showed great talents in ____________. In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. He/She has developed a strong sense of ____________， and working with him/her is always pleasant. I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being ____________．(介绍此人的能力)
Therefore, I recommend him/her to you with all my heart. Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university？I am sure that his/her future work will prove worthy of your trust.
I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
模板二
Dear ____________，
I take the pleasure in recommending to you ____________ (被推荐的人或物). I hope you will be interested in ____________ (him/her)．
There are several reasons why I think ____________ is a good choice. Firstly, ____________ (理由一). Secondly, ____________ (理由二). Last but not least, ____________ (理由三). In a word, ____________ (总结). I would be most grateful if you would like to consider my recommendation.
向图书馆推荐书籍
学校图书馆需要购置一批新书， 现向学生征求意见。假如你是李华，你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书(popular science books)和文学类图书(literary books)。请你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封80词左右的信，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。
第一段 介绍背景，以及写这封信的目的。
第二段 推荐两类书，并分别说明推荐理由：
·科普类图书： 诠释基本自然法则(explain basic principles of nature)
·文学类图书： 不仅给我们带来欢乐和兴奋，而且鼓励我们批判性地思考(not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically)
第三段 期待对方回复，并表示感谢。
【核心要点的不同表达】
1. 它们有助于我们更好地理解科学，激发我们对科学发现的好奇心。
They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.
It is helpful for us to understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.
What makes us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries is popular science book.
2. 它们不仅给我们带来欢乐和兴奋，而且鼓励我们批判性地思考。
They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
It's literary books that not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
【优秀范文】
Dear Mr. Wang，
Knowing that our library is going to buy books, I'd like to give some suggestions.
What we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.
In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books. Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
I'll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua(共32张PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring literature
高中同步导练 英语必修第二册
Section Three: Extended reading & Project
1. ____________ vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏
2. ____________ vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败
3. ____________ vt. & n. 努力，尝试， 试图
4. ____________ adv. 在……旁边； 与……一起
5. ____________ vt. 完成
6. ____________ adj. 贵族的，高贵的；崇高的； 宏伟的
7. ____________ n. 闪光；闪现 vt. & vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现
destroy
defeat
alongside
accomplish
I.重点词汇
attempt
noble
flash
1. ____________ adv. 极其，非常，极端→____________ adj. 极端的，偏激的；末端的
2. ____________ vt. 挺直；(使)变直，变正→____________ adv. 笔直地 adj. 直的
3. ____________ adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→____________ vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑；混淆→____________ adj. 难以理解的，不清楚的→____________ n. 困惑
extremely
straighten
II.词汇拓展
straight
extreme
confused
confuse
confusing
confusion
1. ________________________ (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
2. ________________________ 正要做某事
clear up
III.重点短语
be on the point of doing sth.
IV.重点句式
1. Never ______________ a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, e on and kill me. (P54)我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着或更崇高的东西，老弟。来，把我害死吧。
2. I do not care _______________. (P54)我不在乎谁害死谁。
3. He had been ______________ feeling himself go each time. (P54)每次他都感觉自己快要垮了。
4. The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly __________________
_________ in the air.(P54)那鱼浮正，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上迂回前行。
have I seen
who kills who
on the point of
with the great tail
weaving
1．extremely adv. 极其，非常，极端
教材原句：He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”. (P53) 他非常善于描述硬汉的冒险经历，他认为这些人“可以被摧毁，但不能被打败”。
【衍生词】
extreme adj. 极端的，偏激的；末端的
【经典例句】
Food is extremely important to us human beings and rice is one of the main food in the world. 食物对我们人类非常重要，米饭是世界上主要食物之一。
[边学边练]用extreme的适当形式填空
(1)However, be careful not to go ____________.
(2)Jason thought it was ____________ amusing but I was a bit disappointed.
(3)Most of them are ____________ delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.
extremely
extremes
extremely
2．defeat vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败
【易混辨析】defeat, beat, win
defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人，也指将某人在形式上打败，比如在一场比赛上打倒某人。
suffer defeat 遭受失败
Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game.(2018·天津卷) 在春季赛场上遭受失败六个月后，我们赢得了首场胜利。
beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词，也指在心理上彻底击垮某人，使某人在心理上垮掉。有时可与defeat换用。
We beat/defeated their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。
win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game、war、prize、fame、battle等名词。
They won the battle but lost many men. 他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。
[边学边练]用“辨析”词语的适当形式填空
(1)They are unlikely __________ the biggest car companies.
(2)We are sure __________ the match so long as we go all out.
(3)Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help __________ an enemy.
to beat
to win
(to) defeat
3．attempt vt. & n．努力，尝试，试图
教材原句：After coming in empty handed for eighty four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.(P53)在空手而归84天后，圣地亚哥试图钓到一条大鱼。
【常见搭配】
attempt to do sth.＝attempt at doing sth. 试图做某事
make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an/one's attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
【衍生词】
attempted adj. 未遂的；企图的
【经典例句】
For years, researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. 多年来，研究人员试图证明，电视对孩子来说是危险的。
[边学边练]一句多译/完成句子
(1)他试图打破世界纪录，但失败了。
He ____________________ the world record, but failed.(attempt v．)
＝He _______________________ the world record, but failed.(attempt n．)
(2)________________ (他首次尝试) to get in touch with his family was in vain.
(3)Body language plays an important role in communication, particularly when we ____________ (试图) communicate across cultures.
attempted to break
made an attempt to break
His first attempt
attempt to
4．否定副词放句首构成部分倒装
教材原句：Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother.(P54)我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着或更崇高的东西，老弟。
【功能注释】Never have I seen…否定副词放句首构成部分倒装。本句中never(否定)与比较级连用表示最高级含义。
【名师点拨】
(1)否定副词位于句首时的倒装
在英语中，never、seldom、rarely、little、hardly、no longer、nowhere等含有否定意义的副词(词组)若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。
Never shall I forgive him. ＝I shall never forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
Seldom does he go out for dinner.＝He seldom goes out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不太明白这个会议的重要性。
注意：
①对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。
He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped.＝Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
②某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装。
On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In /Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。
③in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序。
In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
(2)表示最高级意义的几种常见特殊结构还有：
She is more careful than any other girl in her class.(同范围比较)
她比她班里的其他女孩都细心。
①“nothing/no other/none/nobody等否定词(组)＋谓语＋比较级＋than＋…”表示“没有比……更……”。
Nothing is more precious than health. 没有比健康更宝贵的了。Nobody is more careful than him! 没有人比他更细心！
②“can’t/couldn’t＋比较级”表示“再……不过了； 不可能更……”。
I can’t agree with you more. 我完全同意你的看法。
The weather couldn’t be worse. 天气再坏不过了。
This could give her no greater pleasure. 这使她再高兴不过了。
注意：否定词与too、enough连用，表示肯定的意思。
You can’t be too careful.＝You can’t be careful enough. 你再怎么小心也不为过。
③比较级＋than any other＋单数可数名词
比较级＋than all (the) other＋复数可数名词
比较级＋ than the rest of＋复数可数名词/不可数名词
注意：如果比较的主体不属于同一范围，则不能用other、else、rest等表示排除的关系词。
She is more careful than any girls in her brother’s class.(不同范围比较)
她比她哥哥班里的任何女孩都细心。(她最细心)
[边学边练]完成/改写句子
(1)Seldom ____________ (我没见过) such a beautiful picture before.
(2)—You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don't.
—________________________ (我再同意不过了). Confidence is really important.
(3)He never delays his homework.
＝________________________ his homework.
have I seen
I couldn’t agree more
Never does he delay
5．confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
教材原句：Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. (P54)你现在脑子糊涂起来啦，他想。
【常见搭配】
be/become confused about/at 对……感到困惑(＝be puzzled about/at…)
【衍生词】
confuse v. 使迷惑
confuse A with B 把A与B弄混
confusing adj. 难以理解的，不清楚的
confusion n. 困惑
in confusion 乱七八糟；处于混乱状态
【名师点拨】 ing形容词通常用来描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”； ed形容词通常用来描述人的感觉，意为“感到……的”，还可以用来描述人的声音、表情等。如： a confused look/
expression(迷惑的表情)。类似的形容词还有moving/moved(令人感动的/感动的)、surprising/surprised(令人吃惊的/吃惊的)等。
【经典例句】
There was a confused look on his face when he met with confusing problems. 当他碰到难以理解的问题时，他脸上有一种迷惑的表情。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)We can conclude from his __________ look that he gets __________ about this problem.(confuse)
(2)At this moment, the child was frightened, crying loudly and shouting ________ confusion.
(3)A simple cultural misunderstanding may cause __________ (confuse)．
(4)The passage is long and ___________ (confuse)．
(5)A survey showed people were confused ________ what they should eat to stay healthy.
(6)People often confuse my sister ________ me because we are twins.
confused
confused
in
confusion
confusing
about
with
6．clear up(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理；(天气)放晴
教材原句：“Clear up, head,”he said in a voice he could hardly hear. “Clear up.”(P54)“清醒过来吧，头啊，”他用自己也几乎听不见的声音说。“清醒过来吧。”
【归纳拓展】
clear away 扫除，消除 clear off 清除，清理，(云雾)消散，(雨)停
clear out 清除，扫出 clear through 通过(检查，批准)
make it clear that… 使人明白……
【经典例句】
The weather won't clear up until the rainy season is over. 雨季不结束天不会放晴。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)The Chinese government has made ________ clear that there is only one China, and both the mainland and Taiwan belong to it.
(2)Please clear ____________ the litter before you leave the office.
up
it
7. be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事(＝be about to do sth.)
教材原句：He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.(P54)每次他都感觉自己快要垮了。
【归纳拓展】
be on the point of doing sth.…when…正要做某事，这时……(＝be about to do sth.…when)
be doing…when… 正在做……这时……
【经典例句】
He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang.＝He was about to say something when the phone rang. 他正要说话时电话铃响了。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)He was ________________________________ (正准备离开) when someone knocked at the door.
(2)I was about to leave _________________ (他进来了) that day.
on the point of leaving/about to leave
when he came in
8．with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(P54)那鱼浮正，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上迂回前行。
【功能注释】这是一个并列句。句中出现with的复合结构。
【名师点拨】with的复合结构是指“with＋复合宾语”，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词
现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.(伴随情况) 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到王宫。
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.(原因状语)由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词
过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.(伴随情况)我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.(原因状语)自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋形容词
I like to sleep with the windows open.(伴随情况)我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.(原因状语)天气这样闷热，十有八九要下雨。
(4)with＋名词/代词＋介词短语
With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.(原因状语)因为孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时却不能去度假。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(行为方式)士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。
(5)with＋名词/代词＋副词
The boy stood there with his head down.(伴随情况)这个男孩低头站在那儿。
(6)with＋名词/代词＋动词不定式
此时，不定式表示将要发生的动作。
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.(原因状语)因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。
边学边练/单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)You can’t imagine how she finished the relay race with her foot _________
(wound) so severely.
(2)—The subway is always crowded with passengers.
—Well, nobody can help that with so many people __________ (take) the subway every day.
(3)由老人带路，我们开始向河边走去。
________________________ the way, we started towards the river.
wounded
taking
With the old man leading
[边学边练]单句语法填空/完成句子
(4)她双手抱着头，想接下来要做什么。
She was thinking about what to do next with her head _______________.
(5)也想象一下，闭着眼睛度过你生命中剩下的时间会是什么样子。
Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life ________
____________．
in her hands
with your
eyes closed
