高考英语二轮复习：完形填空话题集训 科教科普类（含答案）

（4）科教科普类—2022届新高考英语二轮复习完形填空话题集训
1. Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 . However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow's.
1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend
2. A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately
3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice
4. A. generally B. sincerely C. casually D. deliberately
5. A. distance B. range C. difference D. interval
6. A. amazing B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing
7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return
8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation
9. A. fool B. hurt C. catch D. kill
10. A. reported B. repeated C. designed D. approved
11. A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk
12. A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally
13. A. single B. small C. local D. new
14. A. seldom B. temporarily C. merely D. often
15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief
2. Last year, I attended a class and discussed the topic of "paper books or e-books" with my classmates. The discussion was lively, but was left 1 because of several pros and cons(利弊) of both types of books and the personal 2 of different students.
According to an article from LA Times, a study discovered that 92% of 300 college students in America and other three countries 3 physical paper books. Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and are easily 4 when sliding colorful pages.
I 5 that the 92 percentage is true, not just because it is the result of a study. Paper books can 6 another perspective(感受) to your reading experience through the 7 smell of the book, the feel of the 8 between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.
However, pleasure comes at a 9 . Physical books aren't cheap and 10 much room. As a person who moves often and loves written words, it can be a big 11 to move my mini library from one place to another, not to mention the money to buy those books. 12 , besides taking up less space, e-books are more 13 than traditional books. Yet those 14 didn't keep my interest for long. Nothing 15 the comforting feeling of curling up(蜷缩) with a hot cup of tea and a book.
1. A. unheard B. untouched C. unsolved D. unexplained
2. A. decisions B. suggestions C. worries D. preferences
3. A. refused B. favoured C. disliked D. trusted
4. A. carried away B. taken in C. worn out D. fed up
5. A. doubt B. believe C. assess D. confirm
6. A. ruin B. compare C. block D. bring
7. A. unique B. bad C. common D. strange
8. A. stories B. pages C. characters D. bookmarks
9. A. price B. loss C. speed D. time
10. A. occupy B. create C. waste D. make
11. A. relief B. reward C. headache D. mistake
12. A. In other words B. As a result C. In addition D. On the other hand
13. A. available B. costly C. affordable D. reliable
14. A. disadvantages B. benefits C. thoughts D. challenges
15. A. involves B. deserves C. beats D. expresses
3. The scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork(瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it 3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the monkey always ignored his 7 . Each time it just shook the bottle frantically(疯狂地), with great 8 but without necessarily achieving the 9 result.
Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 14 by the impulse(冲动) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey's some psychology is just like 15 of human beings.
1. A. kept B. replaced C. fed D. caught
2. A. moved B. removed C. discovered D. covered
3. A. happily B. anxiously C. hurriedly D. instantly
4. A. suddenly B. accidentally C. occasionally D. immediately
5. A. as B. when C. what D. until
6. A. But B. When C. Therefore D. However
7. A. directions B. explanations C. designs D. instructions
8. A. effort B. strength C. power D. force
9. A. deserted B. interesting C. energetic D. desired
10. A. what B. how C. why D. which
11. A. Probably B. Hardly C. Simply D. Neatly
12. A. put B. prevent C. pay D. shift
13. A. gesture B. mouth C. hand D. eye
14. A. taken away B. taken off C. taken over D. taken on
15. A. that B. the C. those D. this
4. Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, 1 one's risk of developing some diseases, promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one's risk of premature(提前的) death, among many other 2 . Now it is said that a cup of 3 reduces physical pain.
The surprising finding is 4 a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks to finish office work. The tasks were known to 5 pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists. The researchers wanted to 6 how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated(忍受) the pain of such tasks. As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test "to avoid 7 effects of caffeine lack, e. g. decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion".
When it was time to analyze the data, the researchers from Norway's National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a 8 intensity (强度) of pain than the 29 people who didn't. In the shoulders and neck, 9 the average pain was rated 41(on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers. Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee's obvious pain-reduction effect 10 .
However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal, BMC Research Notes, warn that the results of the study come with many 11 . For starters, the researchers don't know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed(消耗) before taking the computer tests. 12 , they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were 13 in all aspects except for their coffee consumption. Problems like these tend to 14 the importance of the findings. But those doubts are 15 to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine intake.
1. A. take B. reduce C. increase D. face
2. A. trends B. advice C. benefits D. promotion
3. A. milk B. water C. coke D. coffee
4. A. based on B. fond of C. different from D. regarded as
5. A. cause B. indicate C. ease D. relieve
6. A. warn B. compare C. cure D. treat
7. A. unpleasant B. modest C. significant D. positive
8. A. lower B. higher C. shorter D. longer
9. A. in addition B. as a result C. for example D. in one word
10. A. turned up B. took up C. put up D. gave up
11. A. satisfaction B. uncertainties C. attention D. response
12. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Nevertheless
13. A. guilty B. similar C. different D. proper
14. A. realize B. observe C. measure D. weaken
15. A. unlikely B. orderly C. jealous D. capable
5. Do you want to keep your mind healthy and sharp throughout your life 1 an instrument. A new study found that musicians might have brains that 2 better than their peers well into old age.
Researchers 3 the mental abilities of senior citizens and discovered that musicians performed better at a number of skills. In 4 , they excelled at visual (视觉的) memory tasks. While musicians had 5 verbal (言语的) capabilities to non-musicians, their ability to memorize new words was better. Perhaps most importantly, the musicians' IQ 6 were higher overall than those who spent their lives listening to music 7 performing it.
The experience of musicians also played a role in how 8 their minds were. The younger the musicians began to play their instruments, the better their minds performed at the mental tasks. 9 , the total number of years musicians played instruments throughout their life corresponded with (符合) how strong their brains 10 years later.
The study of 70 older participants, with different musical experience over their lifetimes, provides a 31 between musical activity and mental balance in old age. "The results of this study revealed that 32 with at least 10 years of musical experience had better performance in nonverbal memory, naming, and executive processes in advanced age (高龄) 33 non-musicians."
The study also found that musicians who took the time to 34 in their spare time had even higher-functioning brain capabilities. This finding supports another recent study that reported people who walk regularly maintain healthier brains. With that in mind, perhaps joining a marching band now will make you the smartest person at the 35 home in the future.
1. A Judge from B. Bring about C. Pick up D. Agree on
2. A. fight B. function C. grow D. hold
3. A. surveyed B. detected C. inspected D. tested
4. A. short B. theory C. person D. particular
5. A. similar B. true C. limited D. common
6. A. points B. degrees C. scores D. grades
7. A. other than B. better than C. less than D. rather than
8. A. sharp B. smart C. wide D. deep
9. A. So B. Additionally C. However D. Inclusively
10. A. felt B. rose C. remained D. arrived
11. A. connection B. chance C. stage D. conclusion
12. A. applicants B. interviewers C. researchers D. participants
13. A. devoted to B. relative to C. inferior to D. opposed to
14. A. perform B. exercise C. communicate D. rest
15. A. entertainment B. advertisement C. retirement D. development
6. For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to others. "While we teach, we 1 ," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing the ancient 2 up-to-date. They're proving why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn.
Researchers have found that students who teach others work harder to understand the material, and apply it more 3 . Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for themselves. Some studies have found that firstborn children are more 4 than their later born siblings(兄弟姐妹). This 5 their higher grades result from the time they spend teaching their siblings.
Now educators are experimenting with ways to 6 this mode to schoolwork. They employ(雇用) college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who then 7 teach middle school students on the 8 . But the most cutting-edge tool is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world puter scientists have created an animated(动画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about science by middle school students. While preparing to teach, students organize their knowledge and 10 their understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they find problems in their own 11 .
Feedback from the teachable agent 12 improves the teachers' learning. The agent's questions drive student teachers to think and explain the materials in different 13 , and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge is put into action. 14 , it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that help with learning. Student teachers feel 15 when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these pupils succeed as they gain pride and satisfaction from someone else's achievement.
1. A. learn B. win C. succeed D. practice
2. A. tale B. lesson C. wisdom D. riddle
3. A. officially B. effectively C. fluently D. carefully
4. A. curious B. energetic C. independent D. academic
5. A. approves B. witnesses C. suggests D. reviews
6. A. add B. apply C. offer D. show
7. A. as well B. at once C. in turn D. of course
8. A. topic B. event C. schedule D. experiment
9. A. teacher B. parent C. sibling D. pupil
10. A. keep B. improve C. drop D. reach
11. A. thinking B. reading C. inspiration D. guidance
12. A. shortly B. hardly C. rather D. further
13. A. ways B. cases C. places D. orders
14. A. In all B. After all C. Above all D. For all
15. A. satisfied B. sick C. pleased D. upset
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-5 CBDAC 6-10 ADCAB 11-15 BDBDC
解析： 1.由下文的两个实验来看，都是数字的"变化"。其他三个选项"上升" "样式" "趋势"与文中内容几乎毫无关系。
2.因实验表明许多动物也跟人类一样具有这种能力"，这是令人惊讶的。其他选项"重要地" "失望地" "幸运地"与上下文内容无联系。
3.结合下句，特别是 however可知，上下句的大意应是"如果鸟巢内有四个蛋，你移走一个蛋，这只鸟会注意不到；然而，如果你移走两个蛋，这只鸟通常会离开这里。其他选项"幸存" "关心" "孵化"不合语境。
4.这只鸟"通常会离开，因为这个具体的例子是用来说明 many birds have good number sense这个主题的。其它选项"真诚地" "无地" "故意地"不合语境。
5.这个例子谈到，四个中移走一个余下三个，这只鸟不会注意到；若移走两个，余下两个了，这只鸟就会离开这里了。这说明这只鸟知道余下两个与余下三个的差别。其余选项"距离" "范围" "间隔"与语境不符。
6.与上文中 good number sense（良好的数字感）中的good相对应，也与第2题的答案 surprisingly相对，故选 amazing"令人惊异的"，近义复现。其他选项"讨厌的" "令人满意的" "烦扰的"不合语境。
7.选return与left相对，与下文中 return to the nes的 return是原词复现。
8.从下文看，这个人有了一个"主意或想了一个办法。其他选项"约会" "借口解释"均不合语境。
9.由but可知，他们并没能"欺骗"那只乌鸦。与下文 fool the crow中的oo是原词复现，也就是说从此可以得到启示。
10.该实验先由一个人去接近那只乌鸦，然后又带一个人即共两个人去做这个实验，接着三个人、四个人去"重复做这个实验。其他选项"报告" "设计" "证明"均与语境不符。
11.那只乌鸦直到所有人都"不见了"才会回来。
12.前面已分别由一个人、二个人、三个人、四个人重复做了四次了，直到五个人进了塔走了四个，即还有一个在塔里，他们才"最终"欺骗了这只乌鸦。结合文章倒数第二段讲14个月大的婴儿在数量超过三四个之后就常常被欺骗，就可理解。
13.由下文 but when the number goes beyond three or four.可知，是指三四个以内的这样一"小"组东西。
14.由but可知，后文是表示与 always notice相对的意思，当数量超过三四个以后，就"常常"能欺骗这些婴儿了。其他选项"很少暂时地只是与语境不符。
15.由文章的首段可知，本文在讲到人具有数字感的同时，重点是讲动物的数字感，即有辨别数字变化的能力。
2.答案：1-5 CDBAB 6-10 DABAA 11-15 CDCBC
解析：1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:讨论很热烈,但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好,讨论没有得到解决。A.unheard前所未闻的;B.untouched未接触的;C.unsolved未解决的;D.unexplained未得到解释的。根据"because of several pros and cons(利弊) of both types of books and the personal 2 of different students."可知,讨论的问题没有得到解决。故选C。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:讨论很热烈,但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好,讨论没有得到解决。A. decisions决定;B. suggestions建议;C. worries担心;D. preferences偏爱。根据"The discussion was lively, but was left 1 "可知,讨论悬而未决是因为同学们的个人喜好不同。personal preference个人喜好。故选D。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意:根据《洛杉矶时报》的一篇文章,一项研究发现,在美国和其他三个国家的300名大学生中,92%的人更喜欢纸质书。A. refused拒绝;B. favoured支持;喜爱;C. disliked不喜欢;D. trusted信任。根据"Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and arc easily 4 when sliding colorful pages."可知,大多数人都喜欢纸质书。故选B。
4.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:许多参与者声称,他们长时间看屏幕会感到头疼,滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。A. carried away带走;B. taken in吸收;C. worn out疲惫不堪;D. fed up养肥。根据"when sliding colorful pages."可知,许多参与者认为滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。故选A。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我相信92%是正确的,不仅仅因为这是一项研究的结果。A. doubt怀疑;B. believe相信;C. assess评估;D. confirm证实。根据"not just because it is the result of a study. "可知,作者认为92%的人更喜欢纸质书这样的结论是正确的。故选B。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. ruin毁坏;B. compare比较;C. block阻塞;D. bring带来。根据"another perspective(感受) to your reading experience through the 7 smell of the book, the feel of the 8 between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading."可知,这里指阅读纸质书所带来的好处。故选D。
7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. unique独特的;B. bad坏的;C. common常见的;D. strange奇怪的。根据语境,这里指纸质书独特的味道。故选A。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. stories故事;B. pages书页;C. characters角色;D. bookmarks书签。根据"between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading."可知,这里指手指翻纸质书书页的感觉。故选B。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,快乐是有代价的。A. price代价;B. loss损失;C. speed速度;D. time时间。根据转折词"However"和"Physical books aren't cheap and 10 much room."可知,享受纸质书的快乐是有代价的。故选A。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:纸质书并不便宜,而且占用空间很大。A. occupy占据;B. create创造;C. waste浪费;D. make制造。根据"besides taking up less space,"可知,纸质书占很大的空间。故选A。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为一个经常搬家并且喜欢书面文字的人,把我的迷你图书馆从一个地方搬到另一个地方是件很头疼的事,更不用说买那些书的钱了。A. relief欣慰;B. reward报答;C. headache头疼;D. mistake错误。根据" move my mini library from one place to another,"可知,搬书是一件头疼的事情。故选C。
12.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:另一方面,除了占用更少的空间,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。 A. In other words换句话说;B. As a result结果;C. In addition此外;D. On the other hand另一方面。这里作者从另一方面来说明电子书的优点。故选D。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:另一方面,除了占用更少的空间,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。A. available可利用的;B. costly昂贵的;C. affordable支付得起的;D. reliable可靠的。根据"Physical books aren't cheap "可知,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。故选C。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,这些好处并没有让我长久地保持兴趣。A. disadvantages不利;B. benefits好处;C. thoughts想法;D. challenges挑战。根据转折词"Yet "可知,电子书的好处并没有让作者长久地保持兴趣。故选B。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:没有什么比喝杯热茶看书更舒服的了。A. involves涉及;B. deserves值得;C. beats打败;D. expresses表达。根据"the comforting feeling of curling up(蜷缩)with a hot cup of tea and a book."可知,没有什么能够比得上喝杯热茶看书更舒服的了。beat这里为"比……更好"之意。故选C。
3.答案：1-5 ABBBA 6-10 ADADA 11-15 CDCCA
解析：1.句意: 科学家饲养(keep)了几只猴子, 目的是研究动物心理学。故选A。replace取代; feed喂养; catch抓住。
2.句意: 他拿着一个玻璃瓶, 拔掉(remove)瓶塞, 往瓶里放了两粒花生。故选B。move移动; discover发现; cover覆盖。
3.他把瓶子递给猴子, 猴子焦急地(anxiously)晃动瓶子好一会儿。故选B。happily高兴地; hurriedly匆忙地; instantly立即。
4.只有当花生意外地(accidentally)掉出来时, 猴子才能吃到花生。故选B。suddenly突然地; occasionally偶尔地; immediately立刻地。
5.科学家像之前一样(as), 再次往瓶子里放花生。as像......一样, 故选A。when当......时候; what什么; until直到。
6.但是(But)猴子总是忽略科学家的指导。此处表示转折, 故选A。when当......时候; therefore因此; however然而。
7.上句说科学家向猴子展示只需要把瓶子倒过来花生就可以掉出来。这是他给猴子的指导(instructions)。下文中的instructs也是提示, 故选D。direction方向; explanation解释; design设计。
8.每一次它都疯狂地晃动瓶子, 付出很大的努力(effort), 故选A。strength力气, 长处; power力量, 权力; force力量, 武力。
9.但未必达到想要的(desired)结果, 故选D。deserted被遗弃的; interesting有趣的; energetic精力充沛的。
10.句意: 现在的问题是, 为什么猴子不能够明白科学家指导它做的是什么事情(what)呢 故选A。
11.句意: 这仅仅(simply)是因为它把注意力都放在了花生上。故选C。probably可能; hardly几乎不; neatly整洁地。
12.此处表示"迅速将注意力转移到(shift)科学家的手部动作和瓶子倒过来的方式上"。故选D。put放置; prevent阻止; pay支付。
13.通过上文介绍可知科学家是用手(hand)向猴子演示把瓶子倒过来花生就会掉出来的过程的, 故选C。gesture姿势; mouth嘴; eye眼睛。
14.根据句意应该是食欲占了上风(take over), 故选C。take away拿走; take off脱掉, 起飞; take on呈现, 承担。
15.句意: 正是像这样的例子揭示了猴子的心理与人类的心理相似。that替代上文出现过的名词短语some psychology, 故选A。
4.答案：1-5.BCDAA; 6-10.BAACA; 11-15.BABDA
解析：这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现咖啡或咖啡豆有助于减肥,降低患某些疾病的风险,促进肌肉生长,预防某些类型的癌症,甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险等。同时这项研究的作者警告说研究仍有许多不确定性,不过这不会减少爱喝咖啡的人的饮用量。
1.结合下文中的"promote muscle growth... death"可知,此处说的是咖啡/咖啡豆的好处(benefits),故此处指减少(reduce)患某些疾病的风险。
2.among many other benefits表示"除了其他好处"。trend趋势;advice建议; benefit好处;promotion升职。
3.根据上文的"Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers"可知,本文主要是关于喝咖啡的好处的研究,所以此处也指的是咖啡。
4.句意:这项惊人的发现是基于一项涉及48名志愿者的研究,他们同意花90分钟做电脑任务完成办公室的工作。根据常识可知,科学发现主要是基于某项研究;再运用排除法可知,A项符合语境。fond of喜欢;different from不同于;regard as认为是 。
5.根据前一句中的"computer tasks"可知,空处所在句中的"The tasks"指的是电脑工作,由此可知,此处说的是这些任务会造成(cause)肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。indicate表明;ease缓解; relieve解除。
6.根据"people with pain"和"those who were pain-free"可知,这是两种研究对象,再结合文中说的研究可知,研究人员是想将这两者进行对比(compare)。 warn警告;cure治愈; treat对待。
7.句意:为了方便起见,科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡,"以避免咖啡因缺乏的不良影响,如活力下降、瞌睡和疲惫"。根据"decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion"可知,这些都是令人不快的影响(unpleasant effects)。modest谦虚的; significant意义重大的;positive积极的。
8.句意:当该分析数据时,来自挪威国家职业健康研究所和奥斯陆大学医院的研究人员注意到,喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。结合下文中的"the average pain was rated 41... and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers"可知,喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度应该是低于(lower)不喝咖啡的29名受试者。
9.句意:例如,在肩部和颈部,喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度为41分(满分100分),而不喝咖啡的人为55分。结合上文可知,测试的身体部位有肩部、颈部、前臂和手腕,此处只列举了肩部和颈部作为例子。 for example例如;in addition此外; as a result结果; in one word总之。
10.句意:在所有测量的痛觉部位都发现了类似的差异,结果发现咖啡有明显的止痛效果。结合上文可知,测试中都表现出了咖啡的止痛效果。 turn up出现; take up接受; put up提供; give up放弃。
11.结合下文的" the researchers don't know... computer tests"可知,研究人员不知道喝咖啡的人在接受电脑测试前喝了多少咖啡,故这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性(uncertainties)。satisfaction满足; attention注意;response响应。
12.句意:此外,他们不敢肯定喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外,其他各方面是否相似。此处承接上文,进步说明这项研究成果中的不确定性,故用 Moreover表示递进。 however然而; otherwise否则; nevertheless然而。
13.句意参见上题解析。根据空后的"except for their coffee consumption",再结合上文的研究内容可知,喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外,其他各方面是否相似对研究结果也会有影响。guilty内疚的; similar相似的; different不同的; proper适当的。
14.根据上文内容可知,本段主要讲述的是研究结果中包含的不确定性,所以这些问题往往会削弱(weaken)研究结果的重要性。 realize意识到; observe观察; measure测量。
15.句意:但这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因摄取量的咖啡饮用者。根据最后一句中的 "looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine intake"可知,对于这些习惯喝咖啡的人,少喝是不太可能的,这些疑虑自然也不太可能( unlikely)困扰他们。 orderly有序的; jealous嫉妒的; capable有能力的。
5.答案：1-5 CBDDA 6-10 CDABC 11-15 ADBBC
解析：1. 由前文"Do you want to keep your mind healthy and sharp throughout your life？"和下文介绍的从事音乐相关工作的益处可知，此处指"学习（Pick up）乐器吧"，故选C项。
2. 由下文"higher-functioning brain"可知，音乐家的大脑在老年时期可能比同龄人的大脑运转（function）得更好。故选B项。
3. 由"discovered that musicians performed better at a number of skills"可知，研究人员测试（tested）了老年人的智力，发现音乐家在一些技能上表现更好。故选D项。
4. 此处强调他们擅长视觉记忆任务。in particular"特别地"，故选D项。
5. 由"While"和"their ability to memorize new words was better"可知，音乐家记忆新单词的能力更强，此处是相似（similar）情况下的具体比较。故选A项。
6. 由"higher"可知，此处指音乐家的智商得分（scores）总体上高于那些一生都在听音乐而不是演奏音乐的人。故选C项。
7. 与音乐家相比，非音乐家一生都在听音乐而不是（rather than）演奏音乐。故选D项。
8. 由文章第一句中的"Do you want to keep your mind healthy and sharp"可知，从事音乐的人的经历也影响了他们思维的敏捷（sharp）程度。故选A项。
9. 由上文可知音乐家越早演奏乐器，他们的大脑在脑力工作中表现越好，additionally 表示进一步的说明。故选B项。
10. 音乐家一生中演奏乐器的总年数与他们多年后大脑保持（remained）的强健程度是一致的，故选C项。
11. 由"between musical activity and mental balance in old age"可知，研究提供了老年人音乐活动和智力平衡之间的联系（connection）。故选A项。
12. 由前文"The study of 70 older participants"可知，此处指有至少10年音乐经验的参与者（participants）。故选D项。
13.本句在介绍有至少10年音乐经验的参与者与非音乐家之间对比的结果。故选B项。
14. 由下文"walk regularly maintain healthier brains"可知，在业余时间进行锻炼（exercise）的从事音乐的老年人的大脑运转更快。故选B项。
15. 由"in the future"可知，老人退休后很可能生活在养老院（retirement home）。故选C项。
6.答案：1-5 ACBDC 6-10 BCADB 11-15 ADACD
解析：1.由下文中的"teaching is such a fruitful way to learn"可知, 教学是一种富有成效的学习方式, 即我们教别人的同时自己也在学习。
2.由上文中的" 'While we teach, we 1 ,' said Roman philosopher Seneca"可知, 此处引用了罗马哲学家塞涅卡的话, 这是古人的智慧。现在科学家们正在更新古人的智慧。tale"故事"; lesson"课程, 教训"; wisdom"智慧"; riddle"谜语"。 bring sth. up-to-date"更新某事物"。
3.结合语境可知, 学生要去教别人, 所以要更加努力地理解所教的材料, 并更加有效地运用。officially"官方地"; effectively"有效地"; fluently"流利地"; carefully"仔细地"。
4.由下文中的"their higher grades result from the time they spend teaching their siblings"可知, 长子女学业成绩更好, 他们的成绩较高是因为他们花费了时间去教兄弟姐妹。curious"好奇的"; energetic"精力充沛的"; independent"独立的"; academic"学业优秀的"。
5.此处解释了上一句话的原因, 故suggest"显示, 表明"符合文意。
6.由接下来的内容可知, 教育家们正在进行实验, 将这一方式应用到学校作业中。apply...to..."把......应用到......"符合语境。
7.他们聘请大学本科生为髙中生教授计算机科学, 这些高中生转而给初中生进行这一话题的指导。in turn"相应地, 转而", 体现出高中生从学习者到教授者的变化。
8.参见上题解析。topic指计算机科学这一话题。
9.由"who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions"可知, 电脑人物能够学习、尝试、犯错和提问问题, 所以电脑人物模仿的是现实世界中学生(pupil)的行为。
10.根据语境可知, 在准备教授的同时, 学生充当的老师们组织自己的知识, 也加深自己的理解。
11.当学生充当的老师们在向Betty's Brain解释信息的时候, 他们也通过自己的思考发现问题。thinking"思想, 思考, 思维"。
12.联系语境, 这里指反馈又进一步促进了老师们的学习, 表示强调。further"进一步, 在更大程度上"。
13."代理人"的提问促使学生充当的老师们用不同的方式思考和解释材料。in different ways"以不同的方式", 符合文意。
14.最重要的是, 正是人们在教的过程中所体会到的情感能帮助学习。in all"总共, 总计"; after all"毕竟"; above all"最重要的是, 尤其是"。
15.由空后的"when their teachable agents fail, but happy...succeed"可知, 当"代理人"失败的时候, 学生充当的老师们会感到沮丧。但当这些学生成功时, 他们会感到高兴。 upset"沮丧的, 失望的"。